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Section 5. Key Water Developments in the Countries of Central Asia

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Section 5. Key Water Developments in the Countries of Central Asia Section 5 Key Water Developments in the Countries of Central Asia WATER YEARBOOK: Central Asia and Around the Globe 5.1. Kazakhstan SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF KAZAKHSTAN 18,631.8 POPULATION 104.5 GDP 6.8 pers/km2 103.8 POPULATION INDUSTRY DENSITY 58.4% URBAN 100.9 POPULATION AGRICULTURE Nur-Sultan 51.5% FEMALE 112.9 CONSTRUCTION 403.1 BORN Area – 2,724.9 thsd km2; 105.2 Desert – 44%; semi-desert – 14%; COMMUNICATION Steppe – 26%; forest – 5.5%; Climate – sharply continental; January mean temperature – from –19°С 133.5 to –2°С; DEAD July mean temperature – from +19°С to +28°С 105.8 RETAIL TRADE 12.3 ARRIVALS 102.2 CARGO TURNOVER 45.2 DEPARTURES 104.9 PASSENGER TURNOVER DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS (thousand people, unless otherwise specified) REAL ECONOMY (2019 to 2018 ratio, %) Data by the Statistics Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan Water Sector Public administration reforms. The Ministry of Eco- logy, Geology and Natural Resources (MEGNR) was formed and took functions and mandate for: Water resources. The country’s annual surface development and implementation of the public runoff is a little over 100 km3, of which more than 3 environmental policy, waste management, and 46 km are formed outside the national boun- protection, monitoring and control of natural re- daries. The explored groundwater stock is 3 source use from the Ministry of Energy; use and 15 km /year. The country has 8,500 rivers, 48,000 protection of the water fund, water supply and large and small lakes, with the largest ones of diversion, and forestry from the Ministry of Agri- Balkhash, Zaisan and Alakol. The north-eastern culture; and, geological studies and re-produc- area of the Caspian Sea is within the boundaries tion of the mineral resources base from the Minis- of Kazakhstan. The Aral Sea is shared by try of Industry and Infrastructural Development Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. (Decree No. 17 of the President of Kazakhstan, 88 Section 5. Key Water Developments in the Countries of Central Asia 17.06.2019). MEGNR contains in its structure habilitated in Almaty, Zhambyl, Turkestan (for- among others the Department of Transboundary mer South Kazakhstan) and Kyzylorda provinces Rivers and the Committee for Water Resources. on an area of more than 39,000 ha. In the rst turn, 147 km of canals, more than 191 km of waste- Development and implementation of State prog- ways and 49 vertical drainage wells are to be re- rams. In the course of 2019, the Concept of the paired in rural settlements of Maktaaral district, Kazakhstan’s State water management program Turkestan province. for 2020-203013 was developed. The aim is to en- sure water supply, preserve and restore water ADB has approved a $249.8 million equiva- bodies to achieve their good status. The Program lent loan in local currency (tenge) to the Repub- will include 10 main directions: international lican State Enterprise Kazvodkhoz (KVK) for the cooperation; improvement of legal framework; Irrigation Rehabilitation Project to help in the re- institutional reforms; modernization and recon- habilitation and improvement of irrigation net- struction of water infrastructure; learning interna- works serving 171,000 ha of land in East Kazakh- tional best practices on water market; digitization stan, Karaganda, Kyzylorda and Zhambyl pro- of the water sector; Smart Water project; environ- vinces. The project will rehabilitate about 245 ir- mentally optimal water use; training of water pro- rigation schemes. The total length of new con- fessionals; and, national water projects. The Prog- crete-lined canals will be about 1,064 km, while ram provides for maintenance of the water ba- 1,976 km of earth canals will be improved. Other lance at the level of 100 km3 by 2030 by increa- infrastructure works include the construction sing surface water by 5-7 km3 through the con- and rehabilitation of about 4,185 hydraulic struction of new reservoirs, saving up to 5 km3 of structures, including water measuring devices; water, and using up to 15 km3 of groundwater. It is improvement of 358 km of drainage collectors; planned to reduce water consumption per unit establishment of a drip irrigation system cove- GDP from 91.2 to 73 m3 per $1,000; build 26 new ring 9,300 ha in Zhambyl; and the installation of hydraulic structures and reconstruct 182 repub- 24 supervisory control and data acquisition sys- lican structures and 300 public utilities, construct tems. new irrigation systems for irrigation expansion from 1.7 to 3 Mha; increase the length of coated Modernization of hydraulic structures. In 2019, main and distributing canals from 3,400 to 19,000 modernization of a waterworks facility on the km. Basin inspections are to be 100% equipped. Bol’shaya Bulon River together with the Aktogan Additionally, catchment areas will be afforested main canal in Koktepa district and Uydenin on 200,000 ha. head intake structure in East Kazakhstan pro- vince was completed. The Aitek waterworks fa- Rehabilitation of irrigated land infrastructure cility in Kyzylorda province and the Aspara wa- was continued as part of the State Program for terworks facility with feeding channel in Zham- Agriculture Development for 2017-2021 and the byl province were reconstructed. Operations at Irrigation Development Plan until 2028. In par- Taushaga reservoir in Turkestan province were ticular, measures are to be taken in the Zhambyl completed. Reconstruction of Samarkand re- province to achieve the following 3 targets: (1) re- servoir in Karaganda province is underway. habilitate irrigation on non-used but needed land area of 86,200 ha through reconstruction of International cooperation. Kazakhstan and Chi- 436 water-management facilities. 31 projects we- na have nished the reconstruction of joint in- re developed under the EBRD loan and 24 pro- take structure along the Sumbe River in Almaty jects among them have got positive governmen- province. The Chinese water intake sill and tal expert review. Modernization of three canals spillway threshold were raised by 30 cm, water covering 1,400 ha in Zhambyl district was started; divider was rehabilitated, and the Kazakh (2) by the end of 2020, construct three new reser- intake was extended to the size of Chinese one. voirs to improve available water supply of land; The structure will be operated jointly to share (3) rehabilitate deteriorated reservoirs Karakonyz, water of the Sumbe River equally 50/50. Tasotkel and Yntaly to increase their accumula- tion capacity 2-3 times. A Memorandum of Cooperation was signed between the Kazakh Ministry of Agriculture and Under the Irrigation and Drainage Moderni- the Hungarian Ministry of Interior. The Memoran- zation Project14 , Phase 2, 223 canals, 208 waste- dum provides for quantitative and qualitative ways and 149 vertical drainage wells will be re- monitoring of water, development of basin ma- 13 The Program concept was approved by the Government on 28.01.2020 14 70% is financed from the Republican budget, while the rest is provided by WB 89 WATER YEARBOOK: Central Asia and Around the Globe nagement plans, legal and economic regula- regulation (Law of RK No.268-VI of 28.10.2019) tion and incentives. Particular attention is paid was adopted. The law simplied withdrawal to water research (April 29). from credit societies, introduced voluntary insu- rance of agroindustry entities with a package of An agreement was reached on the deve- support measures, and made a provision for the lopment and adoption of the Program for usage of the certicate of insurance as an ad- Environmental Improvement of the Zhaiyk (Ural) ditional guarantee for loans. River Basin during the XVI Forum of the Kazakh- Russian Inter-regional Cooperation (November The Order of the Minister of Agriculture of 6-7, Omsk). An OSCE-supported technical mee- Kazakhstan (No. 252 of 03.07.2019) on the ap- ting on rational use and protection of water proval of the Rules for organization of monito- resources of the Zhaiyk River took place (No- ring over the use of agricultural land allocated vember 7, Uralsk, Western Kazakhstan) to dis- for peasants or farmers was put in action. The cuss, among other issues, the national action Rules describe obligations of land users regar- plans and joint activities on the rational use of ding the use of land and measures to be taken river water. by relevant agencies for agricultural land mo- nitoring. Events. (1) The Second Central Asian Expert Fo- rum “Dialogue on Water Issues in Central Asia: State Programs. As part of the State Program for From the National to the Regional Levels” (Sep- Agriculture Development in the Republic of tember 5-6, Nur-Sultan). The Forum was co-or- Kazakhstan for 2017-2021, the 2018-2027 Natio- ganized by the Kazakh Institute for Strategic nal Program for beef farming is implemented. Studies under the President of the Republic of The National program is focused on the es- Kazakhstan, UNRCCA, and the Friedrich-Ebert- tablishment of relevant farms. In 2019, the prog- Stiftung in Central Asia; (2) the Workshop “To- ram nanced purchasing of 82,100 heads of wards Regional Irrigation Modernization Initiati- cattle mother-stock and 374,400 of ewes. As a result, 840 new cattle farms and 1,057 new ves in XXI”, which brought together more than sheep farms were formed. This is by 38% and 2.2 80 experts from the ve CA countries (Novem- times more, respectively, than in 2018. ber 19-20, Almaty). The Workshop was co-orga- nized by the CAWEP Program and the Global The Ministry of Agriculture developed the Water Security & Sanitation Partnership. sectoral program “E-APK”. The aim of the prog- ram is to increase labor efciency and export of Drinking Water Supply processed agricultural products 2.5 times by 2022.
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