Initial Environmental Examination
July 2018
Republic of Tajikistan: Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Prepared by State Unitary Enterprise SUE Dushanbe Vodokanal (DVK) for the Asian Development Bank.
This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website.
In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
qvMXvPlII4 T OqUKI,ICTOH MA(OMOTr4r4r{POVTALTXOKTIMIIflTTIAABJIATVTWITAXPITAyIIIAHFE KOPXOHAI4BOXI,IAI,I AABJIATI4II (OEy KOPE3I4AYIIIAHEE> 734042,u.{yuran6e, n.Aftnn,l4 (a)>rer: (992371222-20-30i222-20-18;22-20-51;e-mail:[email protected]
Nsglt;tLas<.1fo> O1 conr.r2018
Ea Ns a3( )) conu2018 Mr. Yong Ye Director Urban Developmentand Water Division Central and West Asia Regional Department Asian DevelopmentBank {
Subject:Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project Draft Initial EnvironmentalExamination
DearMr. Yong Ye, We referto the signedMemorandum of Understanding(MOU) dated29 June2018, between the Governmentof the Republicof Tajikistanand Asian Development Bank for provisionof a grant for the DushanbeWater Supply and Sanitation Project. TheProject must be implementedin compliancewith ADB SafeguardsPolicy Statement(SPS 2009).The draft Initial EnvironmentalExamination IEE providesa road map for the environmentalmeasures needed to preventand/or mitigate negative environmental effects associatedwith the developmentproject. The IEE providesa detaileddescription of the direct andindirect envirpnmental effects associated with the proposedsubprojects during key periods of work. The documentcomplies with Tajikistanlaws but alsoincludes some additional enhancementmeasures and implementation and monitoring arangements to ensurecompliance with ADB SafeguardsPolicy Statement. The StateUnitary Enterprise'oDushanbeVodokanal" (DVK) herebyendorses the contentsof the draftInitiat EnvironmentalExamination and has no objectionfor its disclosureon the ADB website.
Sincerelyyours, Director UbaydzodaMirzomurod Davlatmurod WMXYPIII{ TOqIIKI,ICTOH MA(OMOTI,T UqPoklflrl XOKIIMI,TflTrr AABJIATITUIIIAXPTI AyIIIAHEE KOPXOHAII BOXI,IAI{AABJIATIII4 (OFv KOPE3IIAYIIIAHEE) 734042,nr.,{yurande, r.Afiutr,l4
Ns_Sl_16_l$_a3 q)) 0 q conlr2018 BaNs_ a3(->- con42018 I-ny fronr fr e, .{uperropy AerapraMenra IleHtpalnHoft u 3auaAHofiAlur.r, Orte.n BoAocna6xeHrrfl rr ropoAcKoro pa3BI{TI{fft Aglrarcrcoro Eaurca Pagnurns
Tenra; flpoerr flo yryrrrrreur,rroBoAoqra6xenras Lr carrurapatuB ropoAe fiyruan6e flpoerr flepnu.*roft Sronoru.IecKofi OqeHKlt
YsaxaeMsrfi r-n fronr E,
Cccrurascr Ha fioArrr{cannrrftMerr,ropan4yM o BaI{MorIoHI{MaHuu(MOB) or 29 urowfr.20l8roaa MexAy flpanzrenncrBoM Pecuy6nuxu TAAxurucratr u AsuarcKI{M Fasroru Pasnrarrar4nx rrpeAocraBlrenvrs.rparrrano llpoerry BoAocna6xenusn canllTaplrlrn ,{yuran6e.
Ilpoerr AoJrlKeH6rrrr peallr3oBau n cborsercrBllll c 3a.ssreu[eM o IToJII'IT]rKerapaHTl'Ift ABP (SPS 2009). flpoerr repBoHaqamuofi sronorlr.recrofi eKcneprl{3blIISO npeacraBJlter co6oft (Aopoxgyro Kapry)) gKoJroruqecKrrxMep, xeo6xoAuubrx AJII rlpeAorBpalrleHl{f,14 / utru cMrrqeHr{r Hefarr4BHbrxSKoflorl{qecKrlrx rrocJre4crnuft, cBfl3aHHbIX C [pOeKTOMpaanUtur. fI3O 11pe,uocraBnser[oApo6uoe orr]rcaur,re[pflMbrx I,I KocBeHHbD(gKoJIon{tIecKI,Ix nocuegctnuft, cBr3aHHbrxc [peAJraraeMbrMrroA-[poeKToM B TeqeHueKJIlorIeBbx rIepI{oAoB pa6oru.
,{or Hacro.surEMAoKyMenrola, focyAapcrBeHuoe yllurapHog rlpeAflp]Irrue <.{yulan6e BoAoKaHiIJID (DVK) yrBepxAaer rrplrJraraeuufinpoerr flepnuvuoft SronornqecrcoftOqeuKlr, lI HeI'IMeer Bo3paxeHllit lns pa3MeIqeHLIs,Hacailne AEP, 4auuoro AoKyMeHra. I4crcpeuneBaru, [upemop V6afiRrota Mnprouypo4 .{an.rratlryp0A Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Table of Contents Executive Summary ...... 10 A. Introduction ...... 14 A.1 Overview ...... 14 A.1.1 Existing Situation ...... 14 A.1.2 Initial Studies & Roadmaps ...... 15 A.1.3 Next Steps ...... 15 A.2 Purpose of the report ...... 16 A.3 Project Proponent ...... 16 A.4 Category of Project ...... 16 A.5 Structure of the Report ...... 16 A.6 IEE Boundaries ...... 18 A.7 Methodology Applied ...... 18 B. Status of the Water Supply and Sanitation Systems ...... 19 B.1 Section Layout ...... 19 B.2 Location ...... 19 B.3 Status of the Network ...... 19 B.3.1 Water Supply ...... 19 B.3.2 Sanitation ...... 26 C Project Description ...... 28 C.1 General ...... 28 C.2 Water Supply ...... 28 C.2.1 Water Supply ...... 28 C.2.1 Water Supply Construction Principles...... 30 C.3 Sanitation ...... 32 C.3.1 Sanitation Implementation Measures ...... 32 C.3.2 Sanitation Design Standards ...... 34 C.3.3 Sanitation Construction Principles ...... 34 C.4 Institutional Capacity Development ...... 39 C.4.1 Institutional and Capacity Development Activities ...... 39 C.5 Project Costs ...... 40 D. Legal, Policy and Administrative Framework ...... 41 D.1 General ...... 41 D.2 Country Policies and Administrative Framework ...... 41 D.2.1. Overall legal framework ...... 41 D.2.2 Administrative Framework ...... 44 D.3 Air, Water, Noise and Waste Standards and Regulations ...... 45 D.4 Sanitary Protection Zones (SPZ) ...... 50 D.5 International Conventions and Agreements ...... 51 D.6 Asian Development Bank Safeguard Policies 2009 ...... 52 E. Alternatives ...... 56 E.1 The No Action Alternative ...... 56 E.2 Alternative Pipeline Alignments ...... 57 F. Description of the Environment ...... 60 F.1 Physical Resources ...... 60 F.1.1 Topography ...... 60 F.1.2 Geology and Soils...... 60 2 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination F.1.3 Natural Hazards & Climate Change ...... 61 F.1.4 Air quality & Climate ...... 62 F.1.5 Hydrology ...... 63 F.2 Ecological Resources ...... 70 F.2.1 Flora ...... 70 F.2.2 Fauna ...... 70 F.2.3 Forests & Protected Areas ...... 78 F.3 Economic Development ...... 78 F.3.1 Industries & Agriculture ...... 78 F.3.2 Waste Management ...... 79 F.3.3 Land use ...... 81 F.4 Social and Cultural Resources ...... 82 F.4.1 Socio-economic conditions ...... 82 F.4.2 Health ...... 86 F.4.3 Physical and Cultural Resources ...... 98 F.4.4 Noise & Vibration ...... 98 G. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures ...... 100 G.1 Introduction ...... 100 G.2 Impact Phases and Types of Impacts ...... 100 G.3 Water Supply – Package 1 ...... 101 G.3.1 Summary of Interventions ...... 101 G.3.2 Potential Impacts ...... 101 G.3.3 Mitigation and Management Measures...... 104 G.3.4 Residual Impacts ...... 111 G.4 Water Supply – Package 2 ...... 112 G.4.1 Summary of Interventions ...... 112 G.4.2 Potential Impacts ...... 112 G.4.3 Mitigation and Management Measures...... 113 G.4.4 Residual Impacts ...... 118 G.5 Sanitation – Package 3 ...... 119 G.5.1 Potential Impacts ...... 119 G.5.2 Mitigation and Management Measures...... 120 G.5.3 Residual Impacts ...... 124 G.6 Institutional Component ...... 124 G.6.1 Potential Impacts ...... 124 G.6.2 Mitigation and Management Measures...... 124 G.6.3 Residual Impacts ...... 124 G.7 Cumulative & Induced Impacts ...... 125 G.7.1 Potential Impacts ...... 125 G.7.2 Mitigation and Management Measures...... 125 G.8 Compliance Impacts ...... 125 G.9 A Note on Environmental and Social Management Systems ...... 126 H. Environmental Management Plans and Institutional Requirements ...... 127 H.1 Introduction ...... 127 H.2 Environmental Management Plan ...... 127 H.3 Environmental Management Plan ...... 128 H.4 EMP Costs ...... 146 H.5 Specific EMP (SEMP)...... 146 H.6 Bid Documents ...... 146 H.7 Contract Documents ...... 146 H.8 Contractor Requirements ...... 148 H.9 Project Implementation Group (PIG) Requirements ...... 149 H.10 PMSDSC Requirements ...... 149 3 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination H.11 DVK Operational Capacity ...... 149 H.12 EMP Implementation Summary ...... 150 I. Public Consultation, Information Disclosure & Grievance Mechanism ...... 151 I.1 Consultation ...... 151 I.1.1 Public Consultation ...... 151 I.1.2 Additional Consultations ...... 153 I.1.3 Interim Workshop ...... 157 I.2 Planned Information Disclosure ...... 158 I.3 Grievance Mechanism ...... 158 I.3.1 Grievance Resolution Process ...... 159 I.3.2 Duties of GRC Members ...... 161 I.3.3 GRC Complaint Register, Records and Documentation ...... 162 J. Conclusions and Recommendations ...... 164 J.1 Conclusions ...... 164 J.2 Recommendations ...... 164 List of Figures Figure 1: Dushanbe, Tajikistan ...... 14 Figure 2: Project Area ...... 20 Figure 3: Water Supply Network in Dushanbe ...... 21 Figure 4: Pumping Station Hovaron ...... 23 Figure 5: Asbestos Roof on Pumping Station Hovaron ...... 23 Figure 6: Academy of Science Reservoir ...... 24 Figure 7: Location of KAF-I ...... 25 Figure 9: River Bank Erosion, KAF-I ...... 27 Figure 10: Chlorination Tank, KAF-I ...... 27 Figure 11: Map of KAF-I Activities ...... 29 Figure 12: Example for a typical trench section asphalt road ...... 31 Figure 13: Location of South Collector (shown as SS-1) ...... 33 Figure 14: Typical Cross-Sections for South Collector, DN 1400 ...... 36 Figure 15: Typical Cross-Sections for South Collector, DN 700 - 1000 ...... 37 Figure 16: Sketch of the cross section of a typical house connection; red: sewerage infrastructure (sketch not to scale) ...... 38 Figure 17: Average Per Capita Economic Impact of Inadequate Water Supply and Sanitation Service ($/person/year) ...... 56 Figure 19: Diversion Around Petrol Station ...... 58 Figure 20: Proposed Alignment Around Petrol Stations ...... 59 Figure 21: Seismic Hazard Map of Tajikistan ...... 61 Figure 22: Temperature and Precipitation, Dushanbe...... 63 Figure 23: Kafarnigan River Discharge Rate (m3/s) – Chinor Station (25km upstream of Dushanbe)...... 64 Figure 24: Kafarnigan River Discharge Rate (m3/s) – Tartki Station (145km downstream of Dushanbe)...... 64 Figure 25: Varzob River Discharge Rate (m3/s) ...... 65 Figure 27: Dushanbe Water Balance ...... 67 Figure 28: Water Tank ...... 68 Figure 29: Water Tank Meters ...... 68 Figure 30: Typical Flora in the Project Area ...... 70 Figure 31: Ordinary Marinka (Schizotorax intermedius) ...... 72 Figure 32: Striped Bystranka (Аlburnoides taeniatus)...... 73 Figure 34: Areas where Pipelines will Cross Agricultural Land ...... 80 Figure 35: Concrete Batching Plant Adjacent to KAF-I ...... 82 4 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Figure 37: Demographic development in Tajikistan and Dushanbe City - left: populations in Tajikistan and Dushanbe City from 2000 to 2016; right: historic data and projections based on low, medium and high development scenarios for Tajikistan ...... 83 Figure 38: Comparative indices of typhoid fever of the whole population for 10 years...... 87 Figure 39: Comparative indices of typhoid fever for the population of the city districts for 10 years...... 88 Figure 40: Comparative indices of typhoid fever in the districts of the city for the child population for 10 years...... 88 Figure 41: Comparative indicators of the city's total area of the city's population for 10 years ...... 89 Figure 42: Comparative indicators of the total AII for the city's child population for 10 years...... 90 Figure 43: Comparative indicators of bacterial dysentery of the city's districts of the whole population for 10 years...... 91 Figure 44: Comparative indices of bacterial dysentery in the districts of the city of the child population for 10 years...... 91 Figure 45: Comparative indices of amoebiasis of the city districts of the whole population for 10 years...... 92 Figure 46: Comparative indices of amoebiasis in the districts of the city of the child population for 10 years...... 93 Figure 47: Comparative indicators of hepatitis A districts of the city of the whole population for 10 years ...... 94 Figure 48: Comparative indicators of hepatitis A in the districts of the city of children in 10 years ...... 94 Figure 49: Comparative indicators of the incidence of ascaridosis in the city districts of the entire population over 10 years...... 95 Figure 50: Comparative indicators of the incidence of ascaridosis in the districts of the city of children in 10 years...... 96 Figure 51: Comparative indicators of the incidence of giardiasis in the city districts of the whole population over 10 years...... 97 Figure 52: Comparative indicators of the incidence of giardiasis in the districts of the city of the child population for 10 years...... 97 Figure 53: Consultations, Shohmansour Hukumat ...... 152 Figure 54: Consultations, Guliston Jamoat ...... 153 Figure 55: Interim Workshop ...... 157 Figure 56: Grievance Redress Process ...... 161 List of Tables Table 1: Dushanbe Water Supply Network Overview ...... 22 Table 2: Project Costs ...... 40 Table 3: National standards and regulations applicable to the Project ...... 46 Table 4: Tajikistan Air Quality Standards ...... 47 Table 5: WBG Air Quality Standards ...... 47 Table 6: Tajikistan Noise Standards ...... 47 Table 7: WBG Noise Level Guidelines ...... 48 Table 8: WBG Work Environment Noise limits ...... 48 Table 9: Surface Water Quality Standards (water quality in fishery water bodies) ...... 49 Table 10: Drinking Water General Analysis Content and Limits ...... 49 Table 11: Requirements for the SPZ ...... 51 Table 12: Water Production, Dushanbe ...... 68 Table 13: Results of Water Quality Analysis from KAF-I Water Supply, 2017 ...... 69 Table 14: Species Composition of Fish in the Construction Zone of the Kafarnigan River ... 75 Table 15: Species Composition of Fish in the Construction Zone of the Varzob River...... 76 Table 16: Population of the Project Villages ...... 84 Table 17: Poverty in Project Area ...... 84 5 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Table 18: Infectious Diseases of the District Population for 10 years...... 98 Table 19: Incidence of the Population of the District with parasitic diseases for 10 years. ... 98 Table 20: PCR in the Project Area ...... 98 Table 21: Water Availability – KAF-I ...... 101 Table 22: Impact on Land ...... 102 Table 23: Impact on Crops ...... 102 Table 24: Package 1 EMP ...... 128 Table 25: Package 2 EMP ...... 134 Table 27: Pre-Construction / Construction Phase Instrumental Monitoring ...... 144 Table 28: EMP Estimated Mitigation Costs by Package ...... 147 Table 29: Instrumental Monitoring Costs ...... 148 Table 30: EMP Implementation ...... 150 Table 31: Hukumat of Shohmansour Public Consultation ...... 151 Table 32: Jamoat of Guliston Public Consultation ...... 152 Table 33: Grievance Redress Committee at the Project Level ...... 159 List of Appendices Appendix A: Water Quality Results Appendix B: Asbestos Method Statement Template Appendix C: Public Consultation Presentation Appendix D: Public Consultation Attendees Appendix E: Additional Consultations Attendees Appendix F: Interim Workshop Attendees Appendix G: Interim Workshop Presentation 6 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Abbreviations and Acronyms AM Accountability Mechanism ADB Asian Development Bank AQP Air Quality Plan BAT Best Available Technology BoQ Bill of Quantities BOD Biological Oxygen Demand CIS Commonwealth of Independent States CO Carbon monoxide COD Chemical Oxygen Demand CO2 Carbon Dioxide Cr Chromium dBA decibel DCI Ductile Cast Iron DWSSP Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project DMA District Metering Areas DVK Dushanbe Vodokanal EA Executing Agency EC Electrical conductivity EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EHS Environmental Health and Safety EMP Environmental Management Plan ERP Emergency Response Plan ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment EU European Union FE Iron GDP Gross Domestic Product GHG Greenhouse Gases GoT Government of Tajikistan GOST Technical Standard GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism GRCE Grievance Redress Committee ha Hectare HDPE High-density polyethylene H&S Health and Safety HC Hydrocarbon IBA Important Bird Area IFC International Finance Corporation IFI International Finance Institutions IEE Initial Environmental Examination IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature KAF-I Kafarnigan Pumping Station 1 KAF-II Kafarnigan Pumping Station 2 km Kilometer km/h Kilometers per Hour Km2 Square kilometer kW Kilowatt LARP Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan LC Least Concern Leaq Equivalent Continuous Level mg/l Milligram per liter mg/m3 Milligram per cubic meter mg/kg Milligram per kilogram m3/s Cubic meters per second 7 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination m3/h Cubic meters per hour m3/d Cubic meter per day m Meter m2 Square meter m3 Cubic Meter MAC Maximum Allowable Concentrations MPE Maximum Permissible Emission MPC Maximum permissible concentrations MPD Maximum Permissible Discharges MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet MtCO2e Million tons of CO2 equivalent NGO Non-Governmental Organization NH4+ Ammonium Nm3 Normal cubic meter NOX Nitrogen oxides NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide NO3 Nitrate Ni Nickel NIS Network Information System NRW Non-revenue Water NT Near Threatened OHS Occupational Health and Safety PA Per Annum PAP Project Affected Person PAH Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PCR Physical and cultural resources PE Ployethelene Pb Lead PM Particulate matter POPs Persistent organic pollutants PO4 Phosphate PPE Personal Protective Clothing PPTA Project Preparatory Technical Assistance PPM Parts per million PPS Project Preparation Study RoW Right of Way SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System SniP Construction Standards STD Sexually transmitted diseases (such as HIV/AIDS) SEMP Specific Management Plan SO2 Sulfur Dioxide SPS Safeguard Policy Statement SPZ Sanitary Protection Zone SUE State Unitary Enterprise SPM Suspended Particulate Matter TMP Traffic Management Plan TOR Terms of Reference TSP Total Suspended Particulates TSS Total suspended solids USD United States Dollar VU Vulnerable WB World Bank WHO World Health Organization WMP Waste Management Plan WWTP Waste Water Treatment Plant °C Degrees Celsius 8 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 3 Micrograms per cubic meter μg/m CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 8th June 2018) Currency unit – Tajikistan Somoni Tajikistan Somoni 1.00 = $ 0.1113 $1.00 = 8.98 Tajikistan Somoni NOTE{S} In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. {Note: If a second $ currency is referred to in the text, e.g., NZ$ or S$, add: unless otherwise stated. In the text, use “$” for US dollars and the appropriate modifier, e.g., NZ$ or S$, for other currencies that use the “$” symbol.} 9 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Executive Summary 1. Introduction 1. This initial environmental examination (IEE) is part of the process of compliance with the ADB guidelines in relation to the Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project, or the “Project”. 2. The IEE provides a road map to the environmental measures needed to prevent and/or mitigate negative environmental effects associated with the development project. The IEE provides a detailed description of the direct and indirect environmental effects associated with the proposed subproject during key periods of work. The IEE: • Describes the existing socio-environmental conditions within the Project area; • Describes the extent, duration and severity of potential impacts; • Analyzes all significant impacts; and • Formulates the mitigation actions and presents it all in the form of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP). 3. Based on the existing ADB Safeguards Policy Statement (SPS 2009), this Project falls under ADB’s project Category B. 2. Status of the Network 1. The State Unitary Enterprise SUE Dushanbe Vodokanal (DVK) serves about 800,000 people with drinking water. Almost complete water supply coverage is provided except for some low density development areas in the south east part of the city. Certain city areas receive water 24 hours a day, whereas other parts follow an intermittent supply scheme only. 2. DVK has four major water production sources. The two surface water intakes Samatechnaya (SAM) and Napornaya (NAP) are located in the North of the city. Two groundwater production sources, Kafarnigan (KAF-I and KAF-II) and Ugo-Zapodnaya (UZ), are in the south of the city. KAF-I is within the Project area. KAF-I requires rehabilitation of wells, improvements to the chlorination system and establishment of sanitary protection zones. 3. The network, including the house connections, has a total length of about 700 km. DVK serves around 188,000 registered customers, which officially corresponds to 560,000 persons. Out of the registered customers 50% are metered only; i.e. equipped with household water meters. 4. The current water supply services are impaired by high physical and apparent water losses due to over-aged infrastructure, inaccurate registration of customers, and inadequate billing and collection practices. In times of high water demand untreated surface water is directly supplied to the distribution network, which increases the risk of water borne diseases. 5. The sanitation situation is characterized by a worn-out sewerage network, collector sections with insufficient capacity or being non-functional, and an ineffective wastewater treatment due to the critical condition of infrastructure and a high dilution of wastewater. 3. Description of the Project 10 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 6. Based on the issues identified above the Project, in Shohmansour district in the south- eastern part of Dushanbe, has been proposed. This area has been chosen due to (a) the urgent need of water service improvement, (b) its clear assignment to a reliable water source of good quality, (c) the fact that it contains a good mix of single house areas and areas with multi-storey buildings, (d) the possibility to implement clear interfaces to the remaining water supply network, and (e) the fact that the foreseen Project activities do not overlap with the World Bank's water and sanitation activities. The Project includes the two outputs outlined below. • Output 1: Climate-resilient water supply and sanitation infrastructure rehabilitated and expanded. This output 1 will be delivered by: (i) rehabilitation of 17 wells, 22 pumps and second stage pump stations, water metering, chlorination and other facilities at Kafarnigan-I (KAF-I) including installation of SCADA system; (ii) reduced NRW through rehabilitation of 11.5 km transmission main, establishment of 18 DMAs with installation of 42 bulk meters, 5,220 smart meters, improvement of 56.8 km of distributional network improvements in 6 DMAs, (iii) increased storage capacity by 4,000 m3; and (iv) rehabilitation of south sewerage collector of 9.8 km. • Output 2: Sustainable business model and institutional capacity developed. This output will support prioritized institutional strengthening actions which are: (i) business model for DVK developed that covers technical, operational, institutional organizational restructuring and human resource management; (ii) accountability and incentive mechanism established with a performance benchmarking matrix; (iii) smart information management system enhanced for operational efficiency and seamless integration of customer database, billing, collection, accounting and reporting; (iv) nonrevenue water management system operationalized with installation of SCADA for new network management practices for the 18 DMAs using districts equipped with flow meters, smart meters for household service connections, active leaks detection, and calibration of meters; (v) institutional, technical and financial capacity improved; and (vi) customer care service standards developed and behavior change communication on water conservation and smart metering conducted. 4. Impact Identification 7. Potential impacts, both positive and negative, have been identified based on each of the outputs listed above. Many of the impacts are generic construction related impacts which are relevant only to Output 1, e.g. construction noise and air quality impacts, traffic safety, occupational health and safety and waste management. No significant negative impacts have been identified from Output 2. 8. Other more specific impacts relating to Output 1 have been identified. They include: • Working in the Kafarnigan river as part of riverbank protection works. However, no significant impacts to aquatic life are anticipated in this area. • Occupational health and safety (OHS) impacts associated with management of liquid chlorine and electrical equipment. • Asbestos roofing in pump house and in pipelines which will be removed as part of rehabilitation works. • Impacts to the Varzob river during the construction of the south collector. However, no significant impacts to aquatic life are anticipated in this area. • Tree cutting and minor impacts to physical cultural resources (PCR) along Ayni Street. • Petrol stations located close to pipeline alignments. 11 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 9. In addition to the above a range of beneficial impacts have been identified, they include, for example: • 24/7 Water Supply in the Project area. • During periods of high water demand surface water from the Varzob will no longer be mixed with the supply from KAF-I which is often compromised by high water turbidity in the Varzob during heavy rainfall events. This will result in better quality water being supplied to the Project area. • Control over Sanitary Protection Zones (SPZ) leading to better control of the activities within the SPZ and ensure that there are no activities within these zones (both now and in the future) that may lead to pollution of the groundwater. • Rehabilitation of the riverbank protection will help protect KAF-I from any future flash flood events. • Once the south collector become operational wastewater will no longer infiltrate agricultural land and storm water systems. This should lead to significant health benefits, such as the reduction of the levels of Ascaridosis in Shohmansour and Rudaki. 5. Mitigation & Monitoring Actions 10. A range of mitigation measures and management measures have been prepared as part of the Project environmental management plan (EMP). 11. Mitigation includes measures to manage air quality and noise impacts, ensuring the safety of workers and the local community, pollution prevention measures around surface water courses (including changing the alignment of pipelines to avoid petrol stations), provision of access to properties, tree removal and replanting as well as good practice guidelines for the management of asbestos and liquid chlorine. 12. The EMP has specified responsibilities for implementation of the mitigation measures which will be carried out by the Project Management Support, Design and Supervision Consultant (PMSDSC), the Contractors and by DVK during the operational phase of the Project. 13. To ensure that all of the mitigation actions are completed according to the requirements of the EMPs, monitoring shall be undertaken of Project works by the PMSDSC and the Project Implementation Group (PIG) throughout the Projects Construction phase. This will be achieved through weekly inspections of the Contractors environmental performance throughout the construction period. The PIG will have the right to suspend works or payments if the Contractor is in violation of any of his obligations under the EMP and this IEE. 7. Consultations 14. Stakeholder consultations were undertaken with a range of Project Stakeholders. The consultations did not reveal any environmental impacts that could not be mitigated by this IEE. 8. Implementation 15. The Project EMP will be included within the Bidding documents for project works. The Bid documents state that the Contractor will be responsible for the implementation of the requirements of the EMP through his own Site Environmental Management Plan (SEMP) which will adopt all of the conditions of the EMP and add any site specific, or topic specific elements. This ensures that all potential bidders are aware of the environmental requirements of the Project and its associated environmental costs. 12 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 16. The EMP and all its requirements will then be added to the Contractors Contract, thereby making implementation of the EMP a legal requirement according to the Contract. He will then prepare his SEMP which will be approved by the Project PIG and monitored by the PIG and PMSDSC responsible for oversight of the Project. Construction cannot commence until the SEMP has been approved by the PIG. 17. Should the PMSDSC and PIG note any non-conformance with the SEMP (and the EMP) the Contractor can be held liable for breach of the contractual obligations of the EMP. To ensure compliance with the SEMP the Contractor will employ an Environmental Health and Safety Officer to monitor and report Project activities throughout the Project Construction phase. 13 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination A. Introduction A.1 Overview A.1.1 Existing Situation 19. The City of Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan (see Figure 1) shows a rapid urban development not only with respect to population but also regarding the spatial development. At the same time, the urban planning and urban infrastructure cannot keep up with this rapid development and its challenges. Some areas have limited, unsatisfactory or no access to urban infrastructure and services. This is especially true for the water supply and sanitation services, which are under the responsibility of the State Unitary Enterprise SUE Dushanbe Vodokanal (DVK). Figure 1: Dushanbe, Tajikistan 20. The current water supply services are impaired by high physical and apparent water losses due to over-aged infrastructure, inaccurate registration of customers, and inadequate billing and collection practices. In times of high water demand untreated surface water is directly supplied to the distribution network, which increases the risk of water borne diseases. 21. The sanitation situation is characterized by a worn-out sewerage network, collector sections with insufficient capacity or being non-functional, and an ineffective wastewater treatment due to the critical condition of infrastructure and a high dilution of wastewater. 14 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 22. There is also a clear need for institutional capacity development to improve the utility's level of services and to remediate the current deficiencies such as (i) incomplete and partially inappropriate computerized financial management system and inaccurate billing database, (ii) inadequate business planning not allowing for long-term planning and forecasting of revenues, expenditures and investments, (iii) missing network information system for water supply and sewerage systems, (iv) not sufficiently competitive salary structure, and (v) no centralized customer service center. Moreover, current tariffs for water and wastewater services are not cost-recovering and the devaluation of the national currency amounts to more than 60%. A.1.2 Initial Studies & Roadmaps 23. The City of Dushanbe (Dushanbe) approached the ADB to conduct a project preparation study (PPS) for the water supply and sanitation sub-sectors. The PPS formed the basis for the Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP), or the ‘Project’. The foreseen interventions shall complement the World Bank's efforts implemented in the water supply sector over the last 15 years. 24. The first output of the PPS were 20-year road maps for water supply and sanitation were developed taking into account the considerations and development projections of the city's master plan and the lessons learnt from the previous and ongoing World Bank projects. The total investment volume for water supply amounts to USD 340 million for the next 20 years. The main interventions in the water supply system are the (a) rehabilitation of the over-aged network, (b) rehabilitation and extension of the groundwater intakes Kafarnigan and Ugo-Zapodnaya, (c) extension of surface water intake Samatechnaya, (d) and taking out of operation of water intake Napornaya, (e) rehabilitation and upgrade of Varzob water intake and (f) introduction of comprehensive supervisory control and data acquisition system (SCADA). 25. In the sanitation sector an investment volume of USD 285 million is estimated for the next 20 years. The main interventions in the sanitation system include the (i) rehabilitation of the collectors, (ii) rehabilitation of the mechanical treatment at the existing wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), (iii) rehabilitation and extension of the sewerage network, (iv) construction of a new collector to the new WWTP location, and (v) realization of new WWTP's first stage. 26. To ensure that the investments will be sustainable in the long term a road map for institutional capacity development was also prepared. 27. The overall objectives of all these interventions are the (a) full spatial coverage of the City area with state-of-the-art provision of water supply and sanitation services, (b) reduction of non-revenue water (NRW) from more than 65% to date down to 30%, (c) 24 hours / 7 days (24/7) water supply service provision, (d) sanitation services complying with national and international requirements / standards, (e) cost-recovery for water supply and sanitation services and (f) state-of-the-art utility management ensuring resilient water services. A.1.3 Next Steps 28. Based on the water supply road map and a priority project was identified in a second step, which aims at reducing NRW in Shohmansour district in the south-eastern part of Dushanbe. This priority area was chosen due to (a) the urgent need of water service improvement, (b) its clear assignment to a reliable water source of good quality, (c) the fact that it contains a good mix of single house areas and areas with multi-storey buildings, (d) the possibility to implement clear interfaces to the remaining water supply 15 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination network, and (e) the fact that the foreseen interventions do not overlap with the World Bank's activities. 29. The priority project comprised a number of activities in the water and sanitation sector which totaled approximately $75 m. However, the actual Project budget is $42.11 m and as such some portions of the priority project have been removed in order to meet the current Project budget of $42.11 m. The. IEE in hand provides the initial environmental examination of this $42.11 m Project. A.2 Purpose of the report 30. This initial environmental examination (IEE) is part of the process of compliance with the ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS 2009) in relation to the Dushanbe Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project, or the “Project”. 31. The IEE provides a road map to the environmental measures needed to prevent and/or mitigate negative environmental effects associated with the development project. The IEE also provides a detailed description of the direct and indirect environmental effects associated with the proposed subproject during key periods of work. 32. More specifically, the IEE: • Describes the existing socio-environmental conditions within the Project area; • Describes the project design, construction activities and operational parameters; • Describes the extent, duration and severity of potential impacts; • Analyzes all significant impacts; and • Formulates the mitigation actions and presents it all in the form of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP). A.3 Project Proponent 33. Dushanbe City is the Executing Agency (EA) and DVK are the implementing agency. A.4 Category of Project 34. Based on the existing ADB Environmental Safeguards Policy (2009), this Project falls under ADB’s project Category B. This category is defined as: 35. “Projects with potential to cause less significant fewer environmental impacts than Category A, yet still require a prescribed level of environmental management to protect the environment. For these projects an initial environmental examination (IEE) could be considered as final environmental assessment report if the stated document determines that an environmental impact assessment (EIA) is not required for the project under examination”. 36. This categorization is based mainly on the fact that there will be localized site specific impacts to physical and biological characteristics of the environmental and that most of the impacts to the human environment can be adequately managed or mitigated by the management plans provided by this report. A.5 Structure of the Report 37. The following provides an overview of the report structure. Section A: Introduction – The section in hand provides the introductory information. 16 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Section B: Status of Water Supply and Sanitation Systems – This portion of the report discusses the status of the existing network in Dushanbe and the Project area. Information included is based on data provided by the PPS, DVK and observations made during site visits. Section C: Project Description – Section C describes the Project packages their designs and construction principles. Maps and drawings are provided to illustrate locations and specific activities. Section D: Legal, Policy and Administrative Framework - This section presents an overview of the policy/legislative framework as well as the environmental assessment guidelines of Tajikistan that apply to the proposed project. The overview is based on recent IEE reports prepared for ADB projects in Tajikistan. Section E: Analysis of Alternatives – This portion of the report provides an analysis of alternatives, including the ‘no project’ option. Section F: Description of the Environment – This section of the report discusses the regional and local environmental baseline conditions. This section is divided into subsections relating to: • Physical: geology; topography; soils; climate; air quality; noise; surface water; groundwater; seismicity and natural hazards. • Biological: flora and fauna; rare and/or endangered species (Red List species); critical habitats and ecosystems; protected areas. • Human: population; communities; demographics; employment and socio- economics; land use; infrastructure; transport; public health; cultural heritage; archaeology; waste management; tourism. Surveys have been conducted to address important gaps in the existing data and to collect up-to-date information on topics such as fish fauna and water bourn disease. Section G: Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures – Section G outlines the potential environmental impacts and proposes mitigation measures to manage the impacts. Any residual impacts are stated. Section H: Environmental Management Plan – This section comprises an Environmental Mitigation Plan and an Environmental Monitoring Plan. The Environmental Mitigation Plan: • Clearly identifies what specific potential impacts various types of works may have on the sensitive receptors; • Provides concrete actions prescribed for managing these impacts, including location and timing of these actions; • Provides cost estimates for the main mitigation measures; • Specifies responsibility for the implementation of each mitigation activity. The Environmental Monitoring Plan: • Lists all prescribed mitigation measures by types of construction activities; • Provides selected criteria of monitoring implementation of mitigation measures; • Specifies methods for measuring outcomes of applied mitigation measures (visual, instrumental, survey, etc.); • Identifies location and timing/frequency of monitoring mitigation measures by the prescribed criteria; • Gives cost estimates of monitoring mitigation measures by the prescribed criteria; and 17 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination • Specifies responsibility for tracking each monitoring criterion. Section I: Public Consultation, Information Disclosure & Grievance Mechanism – Section I provides a summary of all of the stakeholder consultation activities undertaken. The section also describes the grievance redress mechanism, setting out the mechanisms for resolving complaints about environmental performance. Section J: Conclusions and Recommendations – The final section of the report provides the report conclusions and recommendations, including a description of any residual impacts. A.6 IEE Boundaries 38. The potential impacts of the Project on its surrounding physical and biological environments include air and water and soil quality impacts, noise generation and some minor impacts to flora. However, most of the negative impacts are expected to be confined to actual work sites, such as the corridors within which trenches will be dug for new pipelines to be laid. Other activities will occur in DVK sites, such as KAF- I and reservoir sites and few impacts over a wider area are anticipated, apart from those involving work in the Kafarnigan and Varzob rivers. For the works in the river the assessment boundaries are increased to account for downstream impacts that may result from working in and around the rivers. A.7 Methodology Applied 39. The methodology is based on the ADB, Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) and the joint experience of the International consultant involved in the IEE. Background data and information was obtained from published and unpublished sources, e.g., on: climate, topography, geology and soils, natural resources, flora and fauna, agriculture, and socio-economic data. The International Environmental Specialist conducted several site inspections jointly during April and May 2018. All portions of the Project where construction works are anticipated were visited and areas of potential environmental significance assessed carefully. Where additional surveys were required, local specialists were contracted to collect data relating to items such as water bourn diseases and river ecology. Discussions were held with a number of stakeholders in order to determine their perceptions of the level of impact from the Project (see Section F). Data and information obtained have been included where appropriate in the IEE Report. 18 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination B. Status of the Water Supply and Sanitation Systems B.1 Section Layout 41. This section of the IEE provides a summary of the existing water supply and sanitation system in the Project area based on the findings of the PPS study, data provided by DVK and site visits to the various project sites. B.2 Location 42. The identified priority area with a total size of approximately 15 km2 and 90,000 inhabitants is located in the Shohmansour and Rudaki districts of Dushanbe, see Figure 2. B.3 Status of the Network 43. The Project can be divided into two key components, water supply and sanitation. The following section sets out the current status of the network for these two components. B.3.1 Water Supply 44. General - DVK serves about 800,000 people with drinking water. The water supply coverage in the city is about 99% including also some villages in the Rudaki district. Certain city areas receive water 24 hours a day, whereas other parts follow an intermittent supply scheme only. Private storage tanks are used to overcome this shortcoming. Figure 3 provides an illustration of the water supply network in Dushanbe 45. DVK has four major water production sources. The two surface water intakes Samatechnaya (SAM) and Napornaya (NAP) are located in the North of the city. Two groundwater production sources, Kafarnigan (KAF-I and KAF-II) and Ugo-Zapodnaya (UZ), are in the south of the city. KAF-I is within the Project area. 46. Dushanbe is structured in four administrative boundaries: Ismoili Somoni, Sino, Shohmansour and Firdousi. The city's extension from north to south is about 15 to 20 km and shows an elevation difference of about 200 m. 47. The network including the house connections has a total length of about 700 km. DVK serves around 188,000 registered customers, which officially corresponds to 560,000 persons. Out of the registered customers 50% are metered only; i.e. equipped with household water meters. 19 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Figure 2: Project Area 20 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Figure 3: Water Supply Network in Dushanbe 21 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Table 1: Dushanbe Water Supply Network Overview Population Approximately 800,000 Population growth 1-2% Administrative Areas Ismoili Somoni, Sino, Shohmansour, Firdausi Water Sources Two surface water and two groundwater intakes Treatment facilities Settlement pond – coagulation – filtration - chlorination Annual production 160 million m3 year Network 720km including household connections Pumping Stations 6 main 2nd level pumping stations Approximately 120 3rd level / booster pumping stations 3 Storage Reservoirs 13 at production sources (Vtot = 29,480 m ). 14 within 3 distribution system (Vtot = 65,500 m ), and 4 not in 3 operation (Vtot = 10,500 m ) Water supply coverage 99% Customer registrations 188,000 Water losses (non-revenue water Approximately 64% (NRW) / unaccounted for water (UFW) 48. Distribution Network - The average age of the network is more than 50 years and it consists mainly of steel and cast iron pipes (60% / 40%). According to DVK's information more than 50% of the network is already amortized. 49. In the city center (old part of the town) some sections are equipped with cast iron and asbestos cement pipes (less than 1%). In the framework of newer projects polyethylene (PE) pipes have been installed. No comprehensive network documentation is available. However, a network information system (NIS) is currently elaborated for the water supply system in the framework of DWSSP/2 by a local consultant. 50. Transmission mains reach up to a diameter of DN1200, however more than 40% of the distribution system has a diameter smaller than DN200. According to the available information in Dushanbe about 183,500 house connections are installed. 51. In general, the pipe network is outdated and according to DVK's information more than 50% of the network is amortized. In certain sections (of the pilot project) private networks have been installed; only minor rehabilitation measures (by DVK) took place recently. 52. Pumping Stations - For the groundwater sources 1st level pumping stations transport the water to the reservoirs at the treatment facilities. From the reservoirs the water is pumped further by the so called 2nd level pumping stations, where the water is transported through the transmission mains to the distribution network. 2nd level pumping stations are located at all production facilities. Besides more than 100 booster stations are distributed all over the city, which increase the supply pressure and also pump water to the higher buildings. 53. The following pumping stations are operated in the Project area: • KAF-I East (PS No. 37), 2nd level pumping station 7 units pumping into the existing mains DN 500 and DN600. • Pumping Station Hovaron pumping currently into the network directly (see Figure 4). • Pumping Station 191/192 to the new reservoir Hovaron (extension area) and directly into the network (Micro-districts). • Pumping Station Karotegin pumping to the old reservoir Karotegin 22 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Figure 4: Pumping Station Figure 5: Asbestos Roof on Hovaron Pumping Station Hovaron 54. Site visits were made to several of the pumping stations during March and May 2018. The pumping stations are relics from the days of the Soviet Union, asbestos roofing was noted on some of the pump-house roofs (see Figure 5) and the pumps themselves were in poor condition. Small oil leaks, associated with maintenance work on the pumps was noted. 55. Reservoirs - At the production facilities 13 reservoirs are available, which seem to be sufficient regarding volume (Vtot = 29,480 m3). In addition, around 10 reservoirs are within the supply network (Vtot = 24,000 m3). Some of them mainly operate as counter reservoirs. The remaining are storage volume for the third level pumping stations, water accumulation in the peak points and distribution. At the moment the following reservoirs are operated in the Project area: • Three reservoirs at KAF-I well field (eastern part): 1 x 3,000 m3, 1 x 2,000 m3, 1 x 1,000 m3 (total 6,000 m3). • Reservoir Bahori, which consists of 2 x 3,000 m3 and 1 x 6,000 m3. (total 12,000 m3). • Reservoir Karotegin with a total Volume of 500 m3 • Reservoir Academy of Science with a total Volume of 2 x 1,000 m3 • New reservoir Hovaron (in the extension areas) with 2 x 2,000 m3 (total 4,000 m3). 56. In total the high-level reservoirs have a Volume of around 24,500 m3. 57. Site visits were undertaken to all of the existing reservoir sites in the Project area. Sanitary Protection Zone 1 (SPZ-1) has been established around all of the reservoir sites, however, in many instances the boundary of SPZ-1 is not fenced, but there has been no encroachment into these zones. Asbestos pipes were noted at some of the reservoirs. 23 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Figure 6: Academy of Science Reservoir 58. Production Sources – The following production sources are present within the Project area: 59. Kafarnigan Pumping Station (KAF-I) - KAF-I was built in the 1970s and is situated in the southeast of Dushanbe at the right riverbank of the Kafarnigan river approximately 1.8km south of Dushanbe airport. KAF-I is bounded by the Kafarnigan river to the south and by residential properties to its north, east and west (see Figure 7: Location of KAF- I). Two rock crushing plants and a cement batching plant are located adjacent to the site. 60. According to DVK and the PPS, the first ‘belt’ of the Sanitary Protection Zone (SPZ-1) is defined and can be observed in some parts of the site by a fenced boundary to the north of the site and short portions to the north west of the site. However, to the south, east and southwest there are no site fences and it is unclear where the boundary of SPZ-1 actually is. DVK has been unable to confirm the location of the boundary although members of the PPS team and KAF-I staff have provided an indication of SPZ-1 (shown in Figure 7). This presents an issue when trying to determine if the rock crushing and cement batching plants are located within SPZ-1 (such activities are prohibited in SPZ-1). Sanitary Protection Zones 2 (SPZ-2) and Sanitary Protection Zone 3 (SPZ-3) have never been defined at KAF-I. 61. The facility consists of 62 wells of which currently 59 are operating. The actual capacity is around 180,000 m3/d. The station is divided into two parts, the eastern and the western part. KAF-I has three second level pumping stations. Most of the pumps have been replaced in 2005. In total KAF-I has five operational reservoirs, where chlorine injections proceed directly before pumping to the system. The facility is equipped with bulk water meters (without data transmission). The area of the water intake is about 140 hectares. 62. Site visits were undertaken over two days in March 2018 and also in May 2018, several issues were noted: • Asbestos roofing was noted on some of the pump houses. • The existing chlorination system involves manual dosing of liquid chlorine via an existing storage tank located adjacent to the reservoirs and main pump house 24 Figure 7: Location of KAF-I • (see Figure 10). According to DVK the manual dosing if inefficient. There did not appear to be any specific protocol to manage deliveries of liquid chlorine to the tank. • Crops were being grown on various portions of the site. According to KAF-I staff responsible for maintaining these areas the use of fertilizers and pesticides is prohibited. • The site is not secure and there is no fence to stop un-authorized access to the area, except on the northern boundary. • Portions of the riverbank protection have started to collapse (see Figure 9) This issue is compounded by the on-going extraction of river gravels along this area of the Kafarnigan river. The ongoing excavation activities in the river and severe erosion of the riverbank and bed as well as the growing settlements are a threat to the water intake and the quality of water at KAF-I. B.3.2 Sanitation 63. South Collector - The existing south collector starts east of the Dushanbe airport and drains the sewerage in southwestern direction over a length of around 13 km towards the WWTP. The existing south collector crosses Varzob River around 2.3 km north of the WWTP. The existing south collector covers a drainage basin with an area of approximately 5,700 ha and with a current population of approximately 300,000 inhabitants. The drainage basin of the south collector corresponds to the watershed. Furthermore, the areas of Dushanbe further north and to the west of Varzob River are drained towards the WWTP by means of collectors which are not connected to the south collector. Figure 8: overflowing manhole 64. Large sections of the existing south collector are dysfunctional, because parts of the and irrigation channel in the collector have insufficient or counter slope, background receiving clogging to due insufficient slope and lack of wastewater maintenance and worn out condition of the infrastructure. In the upper part of the collector, in particular in the blocked section along the airport, the wastewater is currently flowing into irrigation channels. The south collector must be rehabilitated in order to ensure the drainage of the priority area for water supply. According to the PPS, the rehabilitation of the south collector is of highest priority for DVK. Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Figure 9: River Bank Erosion, KAF-I Figure 10: Chlorination Tank, KAF-I 27 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination C Project Description C.1 General 65. The Project aims to achieve the following two outputs: • Climate-resilient water supply and sanitation infrastructure rehabilitated and expanded. • Output 2: Sustainable business model and institutional capacity developed. 66. These two outputs can be sub-divided into the following three activities; 1) Water Supply, 2) Sanitation, and 3) Institutional and Capacity Development. The following section describes each of these three Project activities. C.2 Water Supply C.2.1 Water Supply 67. Water supply activities are sub-divided into the following two construction packages: Dushanbe City Water Supply Improvement Package-1 • KAF-1 Intake: Rehabilitation of 17 wells, 22 pumps and second stage pump stations, upgrading internal pipe network, water metering, rehabilitation of river bank flood protection structure and well fields: Rehabilitation well No 58, cleaning and pumping remaining 16 wells, replacement of 22 pumps with more efficient options, replacement of electrical cables and equipment, safety equipment, lifting pipes and valves, water meters, check valves, improving well buildings and service area, covering of electrical equipment, rehabilitation of Transformer TM400-2 unit, improving electro-mechanical systems and first sanitary protection zone, Installation of SCADA system for Pump station and wells and connection with DVK’s Network Information System (NIS); • Pumping Station at KAF-1: Rehabilitation of the pump station building, replacement of existing pumps with more efficient pumps in accordance with water demands, replacement cables, valves and check valves to connect between the new Transmission line at 1 above, and the current transmission line to the villages; • Chlorination: Rehabilitation of the existing building, installation of new chlorination equipment with automatic dosing system and control of residual chlorine. • Construction of laboratory and operators building: New building construction with two room laboratory with sanitation facilities and two rooms for pump station operators. • Internal pipe network improvement: streamline connections of water collectors to the reservoirs in KAF-1, reconstruction of chambers, replacement of regulation valves, water metering in the production stage and water flow recording to reservoirs • Transmission Line: Construction of a new transmission lines from the KAF-1 pump station to the main chamber in Ayni street and current Bahori reservoirs with approximate length 10,4 km, to include connection to the new transmission lines to the improved Bahori Reservoir and distribution system • District metering areas (DMAs): (i) establishing DMAs A-1,A-2,A-3,A-4 with full replacement of distribution network, household connections, smart water metering, booster pump station, approximate length of distribution pipes are 28,0km (ii) separation of the DMAs from the main network system’s connection, metering facilities installation for DMAs A-5,6,7,8,C9,A10, • SCADA system for DMAs and connection with DVK’s Network Information System(NIS). 28 Figure 11: Map of KAF-I Activities 68. Dushanbe City Water Supply Improvement Package-2 • Transmission Line: Replacement of transmission lines from the main chamber in Ayni street to the third lift pump stations Hovaron and 191 micro district with approximate length 2.4 km, including chambers for the connection of pump stations and DMAs C11, C17 and B16. • Construction of a new transmission line from rehabilitated pump station Hovaron to the new reservoir in Zebunisso and distribution system. • Rehabilitation/repair of one of two existing pipelines DN 500 SL from KAF-I to Mirzobek village with approximate length 2.8 km, with reconnection of Sabzikor, Gulkoron, Halkagar, Chinoro-2, Mirzobek villages distribution mains in the metering chambers, connection with the SCADA system. • Rehabilitation of pump station Hovaron: Reconstruction of pump station building, replacement of 4 unit pumps with capacity Q350m3/h, H90m, set of electro-mechanical equipment including transformer TM400 • Construction/rehabilitation 2 monolithic concrete reinforced reservoirs, each with with 2000m3 in Zebunisso mahalla, with sanitary protection zone. Analysis of the geo- technical situation at the reservoir site to investigate the risk of potential subsidence and/or landslide, Formulation of preventive measures in the design and construction stage. • District metering areas (DMAs): (i) establishing DMAs A-14,AB-15 with full replacement of distribution network, household connections, water metering, booster pump station approximate length of distribution pipes are 29.5km (ii) separation of the DMAs from the main network system’s connection, metering facilities installation for DMAs A10,10- 1,A-11,12, C11,17, B 16, • SCADA system for DMAs and connection with DVK’s NIS. C.2.2 Water Supply Construction Principles 69. Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Pipelines - The pipelines of the proposed network will be structured according to the following definitions of pipelines: • Primary distribution mains are defined by function as those supplying the main feeding points of the distribution network directly from the service reservoirs. Primary distribution mains will generally be constructed without service pipe connections. • Secondary distribution lines are usually defined as those pipelines within the distribution network of diameters larger than or equal to 250 mm; Tertiary distribution lines are defined as those pipelines within the distribution network of diameters less than or equal to 200 mm including the service connection lines. • The burst lining method may be used for replacing distribution pipelines, where applicable. • All pipe connections and branching in the distribution networks shall be done in manholes, as buried connections (without manhole) are not allowed. • For the house connections several types of WM distribution centers were defined, which are connected to the distribution network at the nearest manhole through a valve and a DN 50-70 pipeline. 70. Pipe Materials - Pipe material selection should be based on economic and technical considerations. For the rehabilitation of the distribution system and house connections mainly diameters up to DN 200 will be installed. It is recommended that all network smaller than DN 350 shall be of HDPE while all pipes above should be of DCI (or steel alternatively). The pipe materials for the different diameters are recommended as follows: Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination • Pipe diameters of DN 200 mm and below are of HDPE pipe of material PE100 with a nominal pressure 10 bar is necessary. • For DN 350 mm diameter and above, ductile cast iron (DCI) or steel shall be used. The DCI pipes will be (i) centrifugal cast, (ii) of standard length 6 m and (iii) with push-in joints. They will have internal cement lining with sulfate resisting cement, external protection of metallic zinc spray with a further layer of bituminous varnish to withstand the hot climate; • House connection assemblies and riser pipes shall be of PPP. • In chambers DCI or steel pipes and fittings shall be always installed. 71. Laying of Pipes 72. Laying Depths - The deciding criteria for determining the ideal laying depths of main pipes are on the one hand, protection and safety of the pipeline and on the other hand, easy maintenance and avoidance of excessive earth pressures and live loads due to traffic. Considering both of these aspects, the following criteria have been adopted: • Pipes laid in trenches should have a normal minimum of 1 meter; and • Where this minimum cover cannot be achieved, e.g. due to other installed services, a buried pipeline should be encased with concrete and protected by a sleeve pipe. The depth of cover over the crown of the pipe will be nominally 1.0 m. Depths of cover to water pipelines greater than 2.5 meters shall be avoided where possible. Figure 12: Example for a typical trench section asphalt road 31 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 73. Alignment - In general, the dimensions of the pipelines will be designed according to the results of the hydraulic analysis also depending on existing pipe routes. The pipelines will wherever possible be laid alongside roads. Water and sewer pipelines should be laid in same trench where possible, with the water pipelines being positioned a minimum of 0.5 m above the sewers and offset sufficiently to avoid the sewer manholes. Water pipelines are in all instances to be laid above the sewers. 74. House Connections and Water Meters - The supply and installation of house connections follow the principles listed below: • Generally, the house connection pipes shall be connected to the new installed PE network up to DN 200. In particular cases (pipe sections) house connections on larger diameters may be installed. • Where a secondary pipe with a diameter equal or greater than DN200 supplies the customers along a road, a parallel tertiary pipe shall be installed to handle the house connections. • Where a street is wide and/or the secondary pipe is in the middle or in one side of the street, parallel distribution pipes will be installed on either one or each side of the street to avoid multiple road crossings by house connection pipes. • The size of house connection is dependent upon the number of customers per house connection etc. and / or bulk customers and on the length of the house connection. The diameter of house connections for each diameter is shown in below. • Mechanical / dry water meters are the most common internationally. The “standard” domestic water meters shall be of 15 mm size. A stop valve will be installed before and directly after the flow meter. • Domestic water meters shall be housed in secure water meter cabinets. 75. Bulk Water Meters (BWM) - Bulk water meters have to be installed at production, import and export locations. Additional bulk water meters will be installed at the boundaries of the respective project measures. DMAs within the project areas will be installed. The type of flow meters to be installed should be electromagnetic, in addition they should be equipped with a data logger installed in a reading box (cabinet). C.3 Sanitation C.3.1 Sanitation Implementation Measures Dushanbe City Sewerage Package-3 76. Sewerage improvements include the rehabilitation of the South collector with approximate length of 10 km from Mirzobek village connecting to the city network on the right bank of Varzob river. 32 Figure 13: Location of South Collector (shown as SS-1) C.3.2 Sanitation Design Standards 77. The planning and design of all municipal infrastructure systems, facilities and components shall be based on international standards such as European standards and ISO or DIN norms under due consideration of local guidelines where available such as SNiP and GOST. Some modifications on the proposed criteria might be needed during the upcoming detailed design stage. C.3.3 Sanitation Construction Principles 78. Pipe and Manhole Materials - The selection of pipe and manhole materials is based on economic and technical considerations. The pipe and manhole materials for the different diameters are recommended as follows: • DN 400 - DN 1400: corrugated HDPE or glass fibre reinforced plastic sewerage (GRP) pipes with concrete manholes; the lower part of the manholes will be cast- in-place and the upper part is constructed with pre-fabricated concrete rings. • DN 150 DN 350: solid wall PVC pipes with precast concrete manholes with pre- – fabricated concrete rings. 79. The pipe joints for solid wall PVC pipes will be rubber sealed sockets. Corrugated HDPE pipes are generally joined by electrofusion welding or rubber sealed sockets. The GRP pipes are connected by rubber sealed sockets. The manhole-pipe connections are made with connector sealing systems such as grout-in connectors, flexible connectors such as Predl Bell, A-Lok Quik-Lok, Trelleborg Kor-N-Seal, or similar approved systems which are generally also available from suppliers of pipes. 80. Special Structures Drop Manholes - The preliminary design of the south collector includes three drop manholes: the first one is located at kilometrage 0.346 km with a pipe diameter of 800 mm, the second on at 0.451 km with a pipe diameter of 700 mm and the last one about 260 m upstream of the river crossing with a diameter of 1,400 mm. 81. The drop manholes are exposed to strong erosion from the falling water and most be designed and constructed to withstand abrasion at long term. The areas and surfaces with direct contact with water must therefore be built of abrasion resistant material, e.g. stainless steel plates or properly laid granite cobblestones. 82. Varzob river crossing of south collector - The south collector crosses the Varzob River directly upstream of the second last drop structure on the regulated section of Varzob rover. The preliminary design of Varzob River crossing of the south collector includes the following main elements: • River bed stabilization by means of existing drop structure directly downstream of river crossing. • Crossing without syphon. • Construction of reinforced concrete valve chamber before river crossing (2.5 x 4 m, depth approximately 7 m) with spillway pipe. • Crossing with two steel pipes. • Construction of reinforced concrete valve chamber after river crossing (2.5 x 4 m, depth approximately 7 m) with spillway pipe. Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 83. Connection Manhole at End Point of South Collector - The preliminary design of the south collector foresees to connect the south collector to the existing manhole shown on the figure below which is located approx. 30 m after the river crossing. 84. Laying of Pipes - Pipe trenches must either be executed in U or V profile depending on soil conditions, depth of trench and available space. The minimum width of the trench bottom must be according to norms and in compliance with work safety regulation. Due to the topography, the partly minimal slope and to ensure the connection with the existing sewage network and collector systems, the trenches for the collectors are partly very deep (up to 5 to 6 m) and must be properly protected from collapsing to always insure full safety of the construction site and the workers. 85. A minimum pipe coverage of 0.8 m should be respected. The passage of heavy duty vibratory plant during construction and all dynamic and static loads during operation must be accounted for in the detailed design. 86. Backfilling around the collector pipes shall be done with soft soil free of stones and sharp material. Backfilling with loess or loess containing material around the pipes is strictly forbidden. Instead, sand should be used. Backfilling with loess or loess containing material is also not possible under streets and roads. 87. Special attention has to be given to the detailed design and construction of the collector in loess containing underground, in particular along the first section of the south collector: • The collector must be constructed 100% water tight at long-term. Pipe joints must stay water tight even after differential settling and deformations of the collector due to partial erosion of the pipe bedding or earthquakes. • Concrete pipe support blocks under all pipe connections (depending on the length of the pipes every 6 or 12 m) have to be foreseen to avoid settling of the pipe, even the loess bedding of the collector should partially be eroded. • The pipes should be fixed to the support blocks by means of pipe clamps. • Infiltration from irrigation channels must be avoided by properly tightening the irrigation channels above the collector. • The risk of infiltration and erosion under irrigated land must be taken into account and corresponding measures have to be taken, e.g. pipe bedding with lean concrete under irrigated land. • Construction in loess underground is only possible during dry weather conditions. 88. Large diameter collector pipes should to be fixed, e.g. with pipe clamps, in order they do not move during backfilling around the pipes. In any case, the slope of each pipe shall be checked after placing the pipe and before complete backfilling of the pipe. This is particularly important in areas where to slope is limited/ minimal. Typical cross- sections of trenches for the south collector are shown below. 35 Figure 14: Typical Cross-Sections for South Collector, DN 1400 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Figure 15: Typical Cross-Sections for South Collector, DN 700 - 1000 37 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 89. The sewer pipes will wherever possible be laid in roads. Under roads backfilling with good quality material (gravel), proper compaction in layers and testing of the bearing capacity before asphalting is of highest priority. 90. When making pipe connections, the central position of the pipe end in the socket must be guaranteed. The spacing prescribed by the manufacturer is to be maintained between the smooth pipe end and the socket base. Uncovered sewer sections are to be protected against unintentional uplift caused by cloudbursts, drifting sand, etc. All pipe laying works have to be carried out, using a laser leveling equipment. 91. During work interruptions, the pipe end is to be sealed to prevent foreign matter from entering the pipe. The same is true for all openings including the pipes foreseen for house connections. 92. House Connections - For the house connections the following design principles are applied in the preliminary design of the sewer network in Karotegin and Zebunisso mahallas: • House connections should be made to manholes and not directly to pipes. • Approx. three households are connected to a manhole. • The project includes the installation pipe sections from the last manhole in the street to the parcel boundary. • House owners will have to arrange themselves for the connection to the pipe sections at the boundary of their parcel in coordination with DVK. 93. The following figure shows a typical house connection: Figure 16: Sketch of the cross section of a typical house connection; red: sewerage infrastructure (sketch not to scale) 38 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 4. Connections to Collectors - All existing connections will be re-connected to the new collectors during construction of the south collector as well as the collectors in Ayni and N. Muhammad streets. Thus, the replaced collector segments can be taken out of operation. However, no new connections are foreseen as part of the project, i.e. the construction of the collectors. Thus, house owners without existing connection or with misconnections to the irrigation/ drainage system will have to connect themselves to the next manhole in coordination with DVK. 94. Storage and Handling - The methods and tools used to load the pipes must guarantee that the pipes will not be damaged. Pipes and fittings are to be stored (on and off construction site) in such a way that dents, notches, cracks and other types of damage are prevented. Whenever pipes are stored outside, they must always be covered and protected against direct sunlight. If necessary, the pipes are to be protected from disturbance by suitable measures such as protective pipes or concrete casings. The sealing rings for the pipe connections are to be stored in a cool, dry place and are to be protected from direct sunlight. 95. Testing of Pipelines - After the completion of a collector section, defined as the length of between two manholes, the section shall be inspected and tested in accordance with DIN EN 1610 on site: • Visual inspection- inspection of the section for grade, direction, line, appearance of inner surface, depth and correct jointing. • Test of horizontal and vertical alignment. • Test for water tightness. • Test of deflection. 96. The water tightness test is to be performed on the pipe before it is completely covered, yet it has to be covered to such an extent as to prevent a change in position during the test. The levels, alignments, gradients and dimensions of the pipes shall be examined accordingly to the design. Final backfilling of the trench may be started only after the entire pipeline has been checked, the tightness tests have been performed, all measurements for earthworks and pipe- laying works have been made, the pipeline has been appropriately secured and all important points of the pipeline have been staked out as fixed points. The staked-out points are to be recorded in separate as- built drawings. C.4 Institutional Capacity Development C.4.1 Institutional and Capacity Development Activities 97. This activity will support prioritized institutional strengthening actions which are: • Business model for DVK developed that covers technical, operational, institutional organizational restructuring and human resource management; • Accountability and incentive mechanism established with a performance benchmarking matrix; • Smart information management system enhanced for operational efficiency and seamless integration of customer database, billing, collection, accounting and reporting; • Nonrevenue water management system operationalized with installation of SCADA for new network management practices for the 18 DMAs using districts equipped with flow meters, smart meters for household service connections, active leaks detection, and calibration of meters; • Institutional, technical and financial capacity improved; and • Customer care service standards developed and behavior change communication on water conservation and smart metering conducted. 39 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination C.5 Project Costs 98. Project costs are provided by Table 2. Table 2: Project Costs Output # Activity Package Cost ($) 1 Water Supply 1 35.44 2 Sanitation 3 2 Institutional and Capacity N/A 4.28 Development Contingencies 5.96 Total 45.68 Total Funded by Government of Tajikistan 4.46 Total Funded by ADB 42.11 40 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination D. Legal, Policy and Administrative Framework D.1 General 100. This section of the IEE presents an overview of the policy/legislative framework as well as the environmental assessment guidelines of Tajikistan. The section also identifies relevant ADB Safeguard Policies that will apply. The project will be required to comply with all relevant national and international environmental and social policies / guidelines. D.2 Country Policies and Administrative Framework D.2.1. Overall legal framework 101. Tajikistan has a well-developed environmental legal and regulatory framework. Current environmental legislation in Tajikistan includes statutory acts and laws on the following topics: (i) Protection of the environment; (ii) ecological audit and monitoring; (iii) protection of flora and fauna; (iv) environmental information and education; (v) soil, water and air quality; (vi) biological safety; (vii) human health and safety; and (viii) waste and chemicals management. These laws, along with the regulations approved by the Government of Tajikistan (GoT) create a favorable legal framework for environmental protection and for the use and protection of the country’s natural resources. They also enforce the rights of any citizen for environmental safety, organic products, eco-friendly environment, access to environmental information, possibility of investing (moral, material and financial) to improve the ecological situation in the country. 102. Environmental legislation in the Tajik Republic includes the Constitution, codes and laws on air quality, noise, mineral resources, land management, forests, health and safety, waste and chemicals management. The Tajikistan Framework Environment Law was adopted in 1993 it was enacted in 1994 and amended sequentially in 1996, 1997, 2002, 2004 and 2007. Then in 2011 it was replaced by new law. The Water Code was adopted in 2000 (amended in 2008, 2009, 2011 and 2012), the Land Code in 1996 (amended in 1999, 2001, 2004, 2006 and 2011, twice in 2008 and 2012) and the Forest Code in 1993 (amended twice in 1997 and 2008). 103. Other important environmental legal acts include: • The Law on Hydro-meteorological Activity (No. 86 as of December 2, 2002); • The Law on Production and Safe Handling of Pesticides (No. 1 as of April 22, 2003); • The Law on Protection and Use of Flora (No. 31 as of May 17, 2004); • The Law on Protection of the Population and Territories from Emergency Situations of Natural and Manmade Origin (No. 53 as of 15 July 2004); • The Law on Biological Safety (No. 88 as of March 1, 2005); • The Law on Animal World Conservation and Use (No. 354 as of January 5, 2008); • The Law on Soils Conservation (No. 555 as of October 16, 2009); • The Law on Sub-soils (No. 983 as of July 20, 1994, wording as of RT Laws No. 120 as of November 4, 1995, No. 351 as of January 5, 2008, No. 471 as of December 31, 2008 and No. 663 as of December 29, 2010); • The Law on Potable Water and Drinking Water Supply (No. 670 as of December 29, 2010); • The Law on Environmental Education (No. 673 as of December 29, 2010); • The Law on Environmental Information (No. 705 as of March 25, 2011); • The Law on Environmental Monitoring (No. 707 as of March 25, 2011); 41 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination • The Law on Environmental Audit (No. 785 as of December 26, 2011); • The Law on Specially Protected Natural Areas (No. 786 as of December 26, 2011); • The Law on Atmospheric Air Protection (No. 915 as of December 28, 2012); • The Law on Biological Management and Production (No. 1001 as of July 22, 2013); • The Law on Ensuring Sanitary and Epidemiologic Safety of Population (No. 49 as of December 8, 2003, wording as of RT Laws No. 441 as of October 6, 2008, No. 481 as of December 31, 2008, No. 793 as of December 26, 2011 and No. 1010 as of 22.07.2013); • The Law on Energy Conservation and Efficiency (No. 1018 as of September 19, 2013); • The Law on Fishing and Protection of Fishery Resources (No. 1021 as of September 19, 2013). • The Law on Industrial and Domestic Waste (No. 44, as of May 10, 2002, wording of the Republic of Tajikistan Law No. 736 as of July 28, 2011); and D.2.2 Environmental Impact Assessment 104. There are two laws in the country that stipulate all aspects of the EA: (a) Law on Environment Protection; and (b) Law on Ecological Expertise. The Chapter V, Articles 35- 39 of the Law on Environment Protection (2011), introduces the concept of state ecological review (literally, state ecological expertise – SEE) that seeks to examine the compliance of proposed activities and projects with the requirements of environmental legislation and standards and ecological security of the society. The mentioned laws stipulate the mandatory cross-sectoral nature of SEE, which shall be scientifically justified, comprehensive, and objective and which shall lead to conclusions in accordance with the law. SEE precedes decision-making about activities that may have a negative impact on the environment. Financing of programs and projects is allowed only after a positive SEE finding, or conclusion, has been issued. 105. The following activities and projects are subject to state ecological review: • Draft state programs, pre-planning, pre-project, and design documentation for economic development; • Regional and sectoral development programs; • Spatial and urban planning, development, and design; • Environmental programs and projects; • Construction and reconstruction of various types of facilities irrespective of their ownership; • Draft environmental quality standards and other normative, technology, and methodological documentation that regulates economic activities; • Existing enterprises and economic entities. 106. The laws stipulate that all types of economic and other activities shall be implemented in accordance with existing environmental standards and norms and shall have sufficient environmental protection and mitigation measures to prevent and avoid pollution and enhance environmental quality. The EA studies analyzing the short- and long-term environmental, genetic, economic, and demographic impacts and consequences shall be evaluated prior to making decisions on the allocation, construction, or reconstruction of facilities, irrespective of their ownership. If these requirements are violated, construction will be terminated until necessary improvements are made, as prescribed by the GoT and/or other duly authorized control bodies, such as sanitary, geological, and public safety agencies. 42 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 107. An EIA is a component of the SEE, as set out in the 2011 Environmental Protection Law and in the 2012 Law on State Ecological Expertise, which comprises both the department within the Committee for Environmental and the process as well. Conducting the EIA is the responsibility of the project proponent. The State Ecological Review - which comprises the process component only - for all investment projects is the responsibility of the GoT Committee for Environmental Protection (CEP) and its regional offices. Furthermore, according to the 2012 Law on State Ecological Expertise, all civil works, including rehabilitation ones, should be assessed for their environmental impacts and the proposed mitigation measures should be reviewed and monitored by the CEP. 108. According to the 2012 Law on Ecological Expertise, ecological expertise is intended to prevent negative impacts on the environment as a result of a proposed activity, forecast impacts from activities that are not considered as necessarily damaging to the environment and create databases on the state of the environment and knowledge about human impact on the environment. 109. This Law on Ecological Expertise and the Law on Environment Protection envisage two types of ecological expertise – State ecological expertise and public ecological expertise, which are not given equal importance. While State ecological expertise is a prerequisite for beginning any activity that may have an adverse environmental impact, public ecological expertise becomes binding only after its results have been approved by a State ecological expertise body. 110. The State Ecological Expertise is authorized to invite leading scientists and qualified outside specialists to participate in the review. Approval should be issued within 30 days, unless the project developer agrees to an extension, and remains valid for two years, if the decision is positive. For very complicated projects the term of consideration and approval can be extended till 60 days. 111. According to the Law on SEE the public ecological expertise of economic activities or other activities implementation of which can negatively impact the environment of population which live in relevant area can be carried out by any public organization and citizen. They have right to send the proposals to the responsible government bodies concerning environmental issues of implementation planned activities; to receive information on results of conducted state ecological expertise from relevant responsible bodies. The materials reflecting the public expertise delivered to the experts commission should be taken into consideration under preparation of conclusion of state ecological expertise and decision making on realization of expertise object. The public ecological expertise is carried out under the state registration of application of public organization. The registration can be done by local executive authorities (during 7 days) in place where the expertise activities are planned. The public organizations which are organizing this expertise, should inform the population of initiation of expertise and then on its results. 112. The legal and regulatory system for the EIAs also include: • Procedure of Environmental Impact Assessment (adopted by the Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan No. 509 as of 01.08.2014). • Procedure to implement State Ecological Expertise (approved by the Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan No. 697 as of December 3, 2012). • Guidelines on the composition and order of development of content and structure of the documentation to be submitted for review (SEE), as well as coordination and approval of all projected budget or investment estimations, design drawings or documentation that must be developed in coordination with the SEE3, buildings 43 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination and structures and EIA chapters, Strategic Environmental Assessment SEA and feasibility documents; and • List of objects and types of activity for which preparation of documentation on Environment Impact Assessment is mandatory (adopted by the Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan No. 253 as of June 3, 2013). 113. The elaborated existing normative legal base is intended for determination of legal basis for implementation of projects and their compliance with state requirements for environmental protection and mitigation of environmental impact. 114. The Environmental Protection Law states that a SEE should be conducted by the CEP, which is designated as a duly authorized state environmental protection body. The CEP has a comprehensive mandate that includes policy formulation and inspection duties. The CEP has divisions at oblast (region), city and rayon (district) level, in the form of Departments of Environmental Protection (DEPs), within the Hukumat (local administration) at each city or rayon. 115. Public Participation - Article 12 of the Environment Protection Law proclaims the right of citizens to live in a favorable environment and to be protected from negative environmental impacts. Citizens also have the right to environmental information (Article 13), as well as to participate in developing, adopting, and implementing decisions related to environmental impacts (Article 13). The latter is assured by public discussion of drafts of environmentally important decisions and public ecological reviews. Public representative bodies have an obligation to take into consideration citizens comments and suggestions. D.2.2 Administrative Framework 116. In order to create an effective system of governance strategic planning and sustainable socio-economic development of the country and in accordance with Article 69 of the Constitution, the environmental institutional and management system has been established by the GoT which includes various state agencies. Tajikistan's current environmental institutional and management system includes the following relevant institutions: 117. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of Tajikistan (namely the Committee for Nature Protection of the Tajik Soviet Socialistic Republic) was established for the first time in August 1989. Its mandate included coordination of the activities related to environmental protection among government agencies and the control over natural resource use, land protection, subsoil, forests, water, and other resources. In 1994 EPA’s legal status was improved and reorganized into the Ministry of Nature Protection of the Republic of Tajikistan with the same mandate. However, 10 years later due to restructuring of the GoT the Ministry became again a State Committee for Environmental Protection and Forestry (SCEPF) in 2004. The EPA mandate was expanded slightly by including the former Forestry Management agency. In 2006 due to further restructuring of the GoT EPA was merged with the Ministry of Agriculture, which became the Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection. EPA’s mandate within the new Ministry was kept the same. During 2008 EPA became the Committee for Environmental Protection (CEP) under the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan. 118. CEP coordinates all activities related to environmental protection among GoT and oversees natural resources use, land protection, subsoil, forests, water, and other resources. The decisions of CEP are considered mandatory for all legal entities and individuals. Currently CEP has a total of 400 staff of which about 50 are located in Dushanbe Headquarters. CEP oversees Tajik Meteorological Service (Hydromet) and 44 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination other institutions that work in the area of environmental information, analytical and instrumental control, eco-tourism, nature and water conservation and climate change studies. 119. The Parliament of Tajikistan plays a key role in determining policies, strategies and rules for sectors that may affect and be affected by environmental factors. It consists of two chambers – (Majlisi Namoyandagon), Lower Chamber, and (Majlisi Oli), Higher Chamber. The Parliament involves relevant executive agencies related to environmental safeguards which overview relevant sectoral legislation with active role in endorsing supporting laws and regulations (sub-laws). 120. The Ministry of Energy and Water Resources is responsible for the water policy in the country. It is involved in almost all emerging policies in the country, including the discussion of program action plans focusing on the environmental protection. The Ministry is participating in the development of the national water strategy based on the Millennium Development Goals. The National Water Strategy includes the development of energy sources without negative environmental impact. The activities of the Ministry are interlinked with the construction of hydropower plants and their reservoirs in areas related to trade-off between development and environmental issues with the strategic purpose of: a) providing the necessary flow regulation during the fluctuation and changes in water volume; b) reducing the negative impacts of silt on existing reservoirs; and c) reducing the potential negative impacts of construction of new reservoirs. 121. According to the Public Health Law, the Ministry of Health provides sanitary- epidemiological services to the public. It conducts the state sanitation-epidemiological supervision, carries out activities on environmental safety, environmental protection and sanitation as well as develops national industry health norms, regulations and hygiene standards. The Ministry has an affiliated research institute, the Institute of Epidemiology and Sanitation, and it also manages about 73 sanitary-epidemiological observation stations. The State Epidemiological Service is an independent agency participating in a WHO regional project on health and climate change. The project team has drafted a Strategy for Health and Climate Change. 122. The Academy of Sciences is the main source of scientific information and data that possesses highly-qualified specialists and researches. Fifteen research institutes including the Institute of Water Problems, Hydropower, and Ecology are operational under the umbrella of the Academy. The institute has the capacity to develop long term action plans in different sectors of the economy, and Academy researchers are involved in developing the National Action Plans on biodiversity and climate change mitigation. The Academy includes institutes that conduct researches related to the environment (climatology, glaciology, hydrology, radiation safety, hydropower, biodiversity conservation and water resource management). D.3 Air, Water, Noise and Waste Standards and Regulations 123. Environmental quality standards in Tajikistan are based on GOST, SNiP and SanPiN. GOST refers to a set of technical standards maintained by the Euro-Asian Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (EASC) a regional standards organization operating under the auspices of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). SNiP means Technical Standards - a building code, a set of rules that specify the minimum standards for constructed objects such as buildings and non-building structures. SanPiN are sanitary rules and norms (standards). 124. Table 3 gives an overview of the National Standards and regulations that are applicable to the Project. 45 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Table 3: National standards and regulations applicable to the Project # National Standard / GOST 1 31431―2011. Protection of Nature. Air. Set of Permissible Emissions (MPE). 29 November 2011 2 31434―2011. Protection of Nature. Air. Determination of parameters of efficiency of dust collection systems. 29 November 2011 3 IEC 61241-0―2011. Electrical equipment used at areas containing flammable dust Part 0. General requirements. 29 November 2011 4 GOST 17.0.0.01-76 (ST SEV 1364-78) (in edition of 1987) System of standards for environmental protection and improvement of natural resource usage. General provisions. 5 GOST 17.0.0.02-79 (1980) Protection of nature. Provision of metrological control of air, surface water and soils pollution. 6 GOST 17.1.1.01-77 (ST SEV 3544-82) Usage and protection of water. General terms and definitions. 7 GOST 17.2.1.01- 76 Classification of emissions (content). 8 GOST 12.1.014-84 (1996) SSBT. Air at workplace. Methodology of measuring of pollutants concentration using indication tubes. 9 GOST 12.1.005-88 (1991) SSBT. General sanitary and hygiene requirements to air at workplace. 10 GOST 21393-75 Diesel motorcars. Exhaust gas opacity. Norms and methods of measurement. 11 GOST 17.2.2.03-77 Concentration of carbon monoxide at exhaust gases of motorcars with gasoline engines. Norms and measurements methodology. 12 GOST 17.2.2.03-87 Norms and methods of measurements of carbon monoxide at exhaust gases of motorcars with gasoline engines. 13 GOST 17.4.2.01-81 Nomenclature of sanitary condition parameters. 14 GOST 17.4.1.02-83 Classification of chemical substances for monitoring of contamination. 15 GOST 12.1.003-83 (1991) SSBT. Noise. General safety requirements. 16 GOST 12.1.023-80 (1996) SSBT. Noise. Methods of threshold noise levels for stationary machinery. 17 GOST 12.1.029-80 (1996) SSBT. Means and methods of noise protection. Classification. 18 GOST 12.1.036-81 (1996) SSBT. Noise. Allowable levels of noise within residential and public buildings. 19 GOST 12.1.007-76 (1999) SSBT. Harmful substances. Classification and general safety requirements. 20 GOST 12.4.119-82 SSBT. Means of respiratory PPE. Methods of protective features assessment for aerosols. 21 GOST 12.4.125-83 (1985) SSBT. Means of collective protective equipment from mechanical factors. Classification. Sanitary norms and regulations (SanPins) 1 SanPiN 2.1.4.559-96 Drinking water. Hygienic requirements to the quality of water from centralised systems of drinking water supply. Quality control. 2 2.2.4/2.1.8.562-96 Noise at working places, indoors of residential and public buildings and the territories of residential areas. 125. In the following tables a synopsis is given on the specific standards for air quality, water, waste and noise emissions in Tajikistan. In addition the standards are compared with international guidelines and standards. 126. Air Quality Standards - Air quality standards in Tajikistan are set by Annex 3 to Procedure of Environmental Impact Assessment accepted by Resolution No 464 of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan dated 3 October 2006. Table 4 lists the most relevant standards. Table 5 provides the WBG air quality standards as defined by the WHO. In line with ADB SPS (2009), the more stringent standards shall apply to the project, in this instance the standards highlighted in green will apply to the Project. Note that averaging periods of more than 24 hours are not relevant to this Project. 46 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Table 4: Tajikistan Air Quality Standards # Parameter mg/ m3 1 PM 0.15 2 NO 0.06 3 NO2 0.04 4 SO2 0.05 5 CO 3.0 Source: Initial Environmental Examination. CAREC Corridors 2, 5, and 6 (Dushanbe– Kurgonteppa) Road Project–Additional Financing (Part 1). ADB January 2018 Table 5: WBG Air Quality Standards # Parameter mg/ m3 1 PM2.5 10 (1 yr) 2 PM2.5 25 (24 h) 3 PM10 20 (1 yr) 4 PM10 50 (24 h) 5 Ozone 100 (8 h) 6 NO2 40 (1 yr) 7 NO2 200 (1 hr) 8 SO2 20 (24 h) 9 SO2 500 (10 min) 127. GHGs will be quantified and reported annually if >25,000 tons CO2 equivalent per year are expected (as per IFC PS3, 2012). 128. Noise – Noise standards in Tajikistan are set by SanPin 2.2.4/2.1.8.562-96. Table 6 provides the relevant Tajikistan noise standards. For WBG noise levels should not exceed the levels presented in Table 7 or result in a maximum increase in background levels of 3 dB at the nearest receptor location off site. This project will comply with both WBG Guidelines and Tajik Standards. Note that Tajik standards refer to the allowable limits both indoors and outdoors, whereas WBG refer to noise measured outdoors. Table 6: Tajikistan Noise Standards Night time noise limits Noise emissions at the night time (23:00-07:00) should not exceed the for human protection following levels (SanPin 2.2.4/2.1.8.562-96): Inside residential and public buildings: Hospital wards, and operating rooms: 25 dB(A); Residential rooms in apartments, rest houses, boarding houses, houses for the elderly and disabled, sleeping rooms in kindergartens, and residential schools: 30 dB(A); Rooms in hotels and hostels: 35 dB(A); In residential and other areas: Recreational areas immediately adjoining hospital buildings and health centres: 35 dB(A) Areas immediately adjoining residential buildings, policlinics, dispensary, rest houses, homes for the elderly and disabled, kindergartens, schools and other educational institutions, libraries; 45 dB(A); Areas immediately adjoining hotels and dormitory buildings: 50 dB (A) Day time noise limits Noise emissions at the day time (07:00-23.00) should not exceed the for human protection following levels (SanPin 2.2.4/2.1.8.562-96): Inside residential and public buildings: Hospitals and operating rooms: 35 dB(A); Consultation rooms of policlinics, ambulant clinics, dispensers, hospitals, and sanatoria 35 dB(A). 47 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Classrooms, schools, library, 40 dB(A). Residential rooms in apartments, rest houses, boarding houses, houses for the elderly and disabled, sleeping rooms in kindergartens, and residential schools: 40 dB(A); Rooms in hotels and hostels: 45 dB(A); Halls of cafes, restaurants, eating rooms: 55 dB(A); Shops trade halls, passenger halls in airports and stations, consumer services centres: 60 dB(A); In residential and other areas: Recreational areas immediately adjoining hospital buildings and health centres: 45 dB(A) Areas immediately adjoining residential buildings, policlinics, dispensary, rest houses, homes for the elderly and disabled, kindergartens, schools and other educational institutions, libraries: 55 dB(A); Rest areas at the territory of hospitals and sanatoria 35 dB (A) Recreation areas at the territory of micro-districts, and residential areas, rest houses, houses for the elderly and disabled, children's playgrounds in kindergartens, schools and other educational institutions: 45 dB (A) Source: Initial Environmental Examination. CAREC Corridors 2, 5, and 6 (Dushanbe– Kurgonteppa) Road Project–Additional Financing (Part 1). ADB January 2018 Table 7: WBG Noise Level Guidelines Receptor One hour Laeq (dBA) Daytime Night-time 07.00-22.00 22.00 – 07.00 Residential; institutional; 55 45 educational Industrial; commercial 70 70 Source: Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines. Noise Management. WBG 2007. 129. For workplace noise the following WBG standards are applicable. Table 8: WBG Work Environment Noise limits Type of Work, workplace IFC General EHS Guidelines Heavy Industry (no 85 Equivalent level Laeq,8h demand for oral communication) Light industry 50-65 Equivalent level Laeq,8h (decreasing demand for oral communication) Open offices, 45-50 Equivalent level Laeq,8h control rooms, service counters or similar Source: Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines. Occupational Health and Safety. WBG 2007. 130. Waste Water & Surface Water - The Project will collect and transport sewage water to Dushanbe Waste Water Treatment Plant for processing. There will be no direct discharge of sewage water to surface water courses as part of the Project and no discharges of industrial effluent. However, it is useful to understand Tajik surface water quality standards in order to assess the quality of water in the Kafarnigan and Varzob rivers. Table 9 provides the standards. 48 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Table 9: Surface Water Quality Standards (water quality in fishery water bodies) # Parameter Limit 1 pH 6.5-8.5 2 Aluminium (Al) 0.04 3 Iron (Fe) 0.1 4 Cadmium (Cd) 0.005 5 Copper (Cu) 0.001 6 Nickel (Ni) 0.01 7 Lead (Pb) 0.006 8 Zinc (Zn) 0.01 9 +6 0.02 Chromium (Cr ) 10 3+ 0.07 Chromium (Cr ) 11 Oil and petrochemicals 0.05 12 Arsenic (As) 0.05 13 Calcium (Ca) 180 14 2- 1.0 Silicon (SiO3 ) 131. Drinking Water Quality – Drinking water standards in Tajikistan are set under Sanpin 2.1.4.1074-01. Table 10 provides the standards along with WHO and EU standards (EU Council Directive 98/83/EC of 3rd November 1998) for comparison only. Table 10: Drinking Water General Analysis Content and Limits Parameter Units Tajikistan WHO EU Standard3 Standard Standard Physical Quality pH … 6-9 6-9 6.5-9.5 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 1000 --- Hardness Mg-eqv/l 7.0 --- Turbidity EMF 1.5 --- Acceptable to (formasin consumers and no e) or mg/l abnormal change (caoline) Inorganic Chemical Quality Aluminium(Al) mg/l 0.5 --- 0.2 Ammonium ion(NH4) mg/l --- 0.5 Antimony (Sb) mg/l 0.05 0.02 0.005 Arsenic (As total) mg/l 0.05 0.01 0.01 Cadmium (Cd) mg/l 0.001 0.003 0.005 Chloride ion (Cl- ) mg/l 350 --- 250 Chlorine (Cl) mg/l 0.3-0.5 (free) 5 --- 0.8-1.2 (bounded) Chromium (Cr+6 ) mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.05 (Cr+3 ) 0.5 Copper (Cu) mg/l 1.0 2 2.0 Cyanide (CN) mg/l 0.035 0.07 0.05 Fluoride ion (F-) mg/l 1.2-1.5 (depending 1.5 1.5 on climatic zone) Iron (Fe) mg/l 0.3 --- 0.2 Lead (Pb total) mg/l 0.03 0.02 0.01 Manganese (Mn) mg/l 0.4 0.05 Mercury (Hg) mg/l 0.0005 0.001 0.001 Nickel (Ni) mg/l 0.1 0.02 0.02 Nitrate ion (as NO3) mg/l 45 50 50 49 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Parameter Units Tajikistan WHO EU Standard3 Standard Standard Nitrite ion (as NO2) mg/l 3.0 3 or 0.2 --- 2+ Phosphate ion (PO4 ) mg/l 3.5 ------Selenium (Se) mg/l 0.01 0.01 0.01 Silicon (Si) mg/l 10 ------Silver (Ag) mg/l 0.05 ------Sodium (Na) mg/l 200 --- 200 2+ Sulphate ion (S O4 ) mg/l 500 --- 250 Zinc (Zn) mg/l 5.0 --- … Other quality parameters Petroleum products mg/l 0.1 0.1-5 Surfactants (anionic) mg/l 0.5 ---- COD mg/l ---- 150-400 Permanganate mg/l 5 ----- oxizability This table shows upper limit values, unless indicated otherwise as a range or lower limit value. Source: Initial Environmental Examination. CAREC Corridors 2, 5, and 6 (Dushanbe– Kurgonteppa) Road Project–Additional Financing (Part 1). ADB January 2018. D.4 Sanitary Protection Zones (SPZ) 132. Sanitary protection zones are provided for in all designed and rehabilitated water supply systems for household use in order to ensure their sanitary and epidemiological safety. 133. The zone of sanitary protection is organized in three belts: the first belt (strict regime) includes the territory of the location of water intakes, sites of all waterworks and water distribution canal. Its purpose is to protect the place of water intake and water intake structures from accidental or deliberate pollution and damage. In this report we refer to this first belt as SPZ-1. The second and third belts (SPZ-2 and SPZ-3) include the territory intended to prevent water pollution from water supply sources. 134. The preparation of a SPZ is coordinated with district Hukumat, sanitary and epidemiological control bodies, geology bodies (in case subsurface water is used) and other stakeholders (ministries, agencies) if necessary and is approved following the established procedure. 135. The border of the first belt for sub-surface water supply sources must be defined from a single water intake point (well) or from the last water intake of a group water intake points considering the following distances: • 30 m when protected subsurface water is used; • 50 m when insufficiently protected subsurface water is used. 136. Water intakes of underground waters should be located outside the territory of industrial enterprises and residential buildings. The location on the territory of the industrial enterprise or residential development is possible with proper justification. 137. The boundary of the second belt of the sanitary protection zone is determined by hydrodynamic calculations (c.10.14; 10.15 of SNiP 2.04.02-84), proceeding from the conditions that the microbial contamination entering the aquifer beyond the second belt does not reach the water intake. The border of the first belt must coincide with fencing of a ground for facilities construction and at the following distances: • Not less than 30 m from walls of filtered (drinking) water reservoirs and filters (except for deliver filters); 50 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination • Not less than 15 m from walls of other buildings and tank towers. Table 11: Requirements for the SPZ First Belt – SPZ-1 1 It is forbidden to plant tall trees. 2 The following activities are prohibited: • All types of construction with the exception of rehabilitation of waterworks; • Placement of residential and public buildings, accommodation of people including those servicing water intake points; • Laying of pipeline of various purposes except for pipelines servicing waterworks; • Releasing waste water into surface sources; swimming, watering and grazing of animals, laundering, fishing, using fertilizers and pesticides. 3 Tracks to structures must have a hard coating. 4 All types of construction that are not directly related to the operation, reconstruction and expansion of water supply facilities, including the laying of pipelines for various purposes, the placement of residential and household buildings, people's living, and the use of pesticides and fertilizers are prohibited. 5 Water facilities located in the first belt of the sanitary protection zone should be equipped with considering to preventing the possibility of contaminating drinking water through the heads and wellheads, manholes and overflow pipes of tanks and devices for pouring pumps. 6 All intakes must be equipped with equipment to systematically monitor the compliance of the actual production rate with the operation of the pipeline designed capacity, provided for its design and justification of the boundaries of the sanitary protection zone. Second Belt – SPZ-2 7 Cemeteries, cattle cemeteries, wastewater fields, filtration fields, manure storages, silo trenches, livestock and poultry enterprises and other objects that cause the danger of microbial contamination of groundwater are forbidden. 8 Application of fertilizers and pesticides. Second and Third Belt – SPZ-2 / SPZ-3 9 Prohibition of the injection of waste water into underground horizons, underground storage of solid waste. 10 Prohibition of the storage of fuel and lubricants, toxic chemicals and mineral fertilizers, storage tanks of industrial waste, slime storage and other objects that cause the danger of chemical contamination of groundwater. The location of such facilities is allowed within the third belt of the sanitary protection zone only when protected groundwater is used, if special measures are taken to protect the aquifer from pollution in agreement with the sanitary and epidemiological service bodies, state ecological and geological bodies. Source: SanPiN 2.1.5.006-07 138. State sanitary and epidemiological control bodies and organizations as well as environmental control bodies carry out control over implementation of sanitary protection activities in sanitary control zones. 1 139. All three belts of the SPZ will be applicable to the Project. D.5 International Conventions and Agreements 140. The Republic of Tajikistan is party to a number of international environmental treaties. The most relevant to the Project include: • UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), 1997; • Bonn Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (joined 2001); 1 Guidelines on the Implementation of Drinking Water Supply Projects in Tajikistan. Ministry of Land Reclamation, UNDP, Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation. 2009 51 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination • UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1998; A related update is: o Kyoto Protocol, accessed on December 29, 2008, and entered into force on March 29, 2009. • Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (ratified 2007); • Aarhus Convention (joined 2001); and • Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), 2016. D.6 Asian Development Bank Safeguard Policies 2009 141. The ADB has three safeguard policies that seek to avoid, minimize or mitigate adverse environmental impacts and social costs to third parties, or vulnerable groups as a result of development projects2. Safeguard Requirements 1: Environment. 142. The objectives are to ensure the environmental soundness and sustainability of projects, and to support the integration of environmental considerations into the project decision-making process. Environmental safeguards are triggered if a project is likely to have potential environmental risks and impacts. Eleven ‘Policy Principles’ have been adopted as part of the SPS, including: • Use a screening process for each proposed project, as early as possible, to determine the appropriate extent and type of environmental assessment so that appropriate studies are undertaken commensurate with the significance of potential impacts and risks. (The Project was initially screened by the ADB and the Consultant during the first site visit in March 2018 and it was agreed the Project was a Category B Project) • Conduct an environmental assessment for each proposed project to identify potential direct, indirect, cumulative, and induced impacts and risks to physical, biological, socioeconomic (including impacts on livelihood through environmental media, health and safety, vulnerable groups, and gender issues), and physical cultural resources in the context of the project’s area of influence. Assess potential transboundary and global impacts, including climate change. Use strategic environmental assessment where appropriate. (The IEE herewith provides the environmental assessment for the Project, including an assessment of climate change. Although the Kafarnigan and Varzob rivers are tributaries of the transboundary Amu Darya river, impacts are not significant enough to result in transboundary issues). • Examine alternatives to the project’s location, design, technology, and components and their potential environmental and social impacts and document the rationale for selecting the particular alternative proposed. Also consider the no project alternative. (Alternatives have been considered, including the ‘no project’ alternative in Section E – Alternatives) • Avoid, and where avoidance is not possible, minimize, mitigate, and/or offset adverse impacts and enhance positive impacts by means of environmental planning and management. Prepare an environmental management plan (EMP) that includes the proposed mitigation measures, environmental monitoring and reporting requirements, related institutional or organizational arrangements, capacity development and training measures, implementation schedule, cost estimates, and performance indicators. Key considerations for EMP preparation include mitigation of potential adverse impacts to the level of no significant harm to third parties, and the polluter pays principle. (An EMP has been prepared for the 2 ADB. 2009. Safeguard Policy Statement, Manila 52 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Project and is outlined in detail in Section H - Environmental Management Plans and Institutional Requirements). • Carry out meaningful consultation with affected people and facilitate their informed participation. Ensure women’s participation in consultation. Involve stakeholders, including affected people and concerned nongovernment organizations, early in the project preparation process and ensure that their views and concerns are made known to and understood by decision makers and taken into account. Continue consultations with stakeholders throughout project implementation as necessary to address issues related to environmental assessment. Establish a grievance redress mechanism to receive and facilitate resolution of the affected people’s concerns and grievances regarding the project’s environmental performance. (Consultations were held in in several locations to discuss environmental issues, the findings of the consultations (and a description of the Project grievance redress mechanism) are presented in Section I - Public Consultation, Information Disclosure & Grievance Mechanism) • Disclose a draft environmental assessment (including the EMP) in a timely manner, before project appraisal, in an accessible place and in a form and language(s) understandable to affected people and other stakeholders. Disclose the final environmental assessment, and its updates if any, to affected people and other stakeholders. (This IEE and its EMP will be disclosed on the ADB web-site) • Implement the EMP and monitor its effectiveness. Document monitoring results, including the development and implementation of corrective actions, and disclose monitoring reports. (The IEE and its EMP outline a plan to monitor the implementation of the EMP and the institutional responsibilities for monitoring and reporting throughout the Project lifecycle: Section H - Environmental Management Plans and Institutional Requirements) • Do not implement project activities in areas of critical habitats, unless (i) there are no measurable adverse impacts on the critical habitat that could impair its ability to function, (ii) there is no reduction in the population of any recognized endangered or critically endangered species, and (iii) any lesser impacts are mitigated. If a project is located within a legally protected area, implement additional programs to promote and enhance the conservation aims of the protected area. In an area of natural habitats, there must be no significant conversion or degradation, unless (i) alternatives are not available, (ii) the over all benefits from the project substantially outweigh the environmental costs, and (iii) any conversion or degradation is appropriately mitigated. Use a precautionary approach to the use, development, and management of renewable natural resources. (No critical habitats have been identified that would be significantly impacted by the Project) • Apply pollution prevention and control technologies and practices consistent with international good practices as reflected in internationally recognized standards such as the World Bank Group’s Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines. Adopt cleaner production processes and good energy efficiency practices. Avoid pollution, or, when avoidance is not possible, minimize or control the intensity or load of pollutant emissions and discharges, including direct and indirect greenhouse gases emissions, waste generation, and release of hazardous materials from their production, transportation, handling, and storage. Avoid the use of hazardous materials subject to international bans or phase-outs. Purchase, use, and manage pesticides based on integrated pest management approaches and reduce reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides. (The IEE and its EMP outline specific mitigation and management measures to prevent and control pollution: Section H - Environmental Management Plans and Institutional Requirements. No pesticides will be used during the lifecycle of the Project) • Provide workers with safe and healthy working conditions and prevent accidents, injuries, and disease. Establish preventive and emergency preparedness and response measures to avoid, and where avoidance is not possible, to minimize, adverse impacts and risks to the health and safety of local communities. (The IEE 53 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination and its EMP outline the requirement for specific health and safety plans and emergency response plans: Section H - Environmental Management Plans and Institutional Requirements.) • Conserve physical cultural resources and avoid destroying or damaging them by using field-based surveys that employ qualified and experienced experts during environmental assessment. Provide for the use of “chance find” procedures that include a pre-approved management and conservation approach for materials that may be discovered during project implementation. (No physical and cultural resources have been identified that would be significantly impacted by the Project. Requirements for chance finds are provided in this report) Safeguard Requirements 2: Involuntary Resettlement. 143. The objectives are to avoid involuntary resettlement wherever possible; to minimize involuntary resettlement by exploring project and design alternatives; to enhance, or at least restore, the livelihoods of all displaced persons in real terms relative to pre-project levels; and to improve the standards of living of the displaced poor and other vulnerable groups. The safeguard requirements underscores the requirements for undertaking the social impact assessment and resettlement planning process, preparing social impact assessment reports and resettlement planning documents, exploring negotiated land acquisition, disclosing information and engaging in consultations, establishing a grievance mechanism, and resettlement monitoring and reporting. 144. The involuntary resettlement requirements apply to full or partial, permanent or temporary physical displacement (relocation, loss of residential land, or loss of shelter) and economic displacement (loss of land, assets, access to assets, income sources, or means of livelihoods) resulting from (i) involuntary acquisition of land, or (ii) involuntary restrictions on land use or on access to legally designated parks and protected areas. Resettlement is considered involuntary when displaced individuals or communities do not have the right to refuse land acquisition that results in displacement. A land acquisition and resettlement plan (LARP) has been prepared for the Project to ensure compliance with the safeguard on Involuntary Resettlement. Safeguard Requirements 3: Indigenous Peoples. 145. The objective is to design and implement projects in a way that fosters full respect for Indigenous Peoples’ identity, dignity, human rights, livelihood systems, and cultural uniqueness as defined by the Indigenous Peoples themselves so that they (i) receive culturally appropriate social and economic benefits, (ii) do not suffer adverse impacts as a result of projects, and (iii) can participate actively in projects that affect them. 146. For operational purposes, the term Indigenous Peoples is used in a generic sense to refer to a distinct, vulnerable, social and cultural group possessing the following characteristics in varying degrees: • self-identification as members of a distinct indigenous cultural group and recognition of this identity by others; • collective attachment to geographically distinct habitats or ancestral territories in the project area and to the natural resources in these habitats and territories; • customary cultural, economic, social, or political institutions that are separate from those of the dominant society and culture; and • a distinct language, often different from the official language of the country or region. 147. In considering these characteristics, national legislation, customary law, and any international conventions to which the country is a party will be taken into account. 54 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 148. Guidelines provide a rational approach for determining environmental category of the Project, the need for public consultation and disclosure, environmental management planning, and resolving involuntary resettlement, indigenous people and gender issues. 149. No impacts to indigenous people are anticipated to occur during the Project lifecycle. 55 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination E. Alternatives E.1 The No Action Alternative 151. The “No Action” Alternative in this instance is defined as a decision not to undertake the proposed Project. The “No Action” Alternative would result in the continued deterioration of the water supply and sewage network in the Project area, this will have several consequences including: • Even greater losses in the network, meaning that more water will need to be pumped into the system which in the long term may not be sustainable. • Continued pumping of poor quality surface water from the Varzob river into the system, which may have health impacts. • Potential pollution impacts to the groundwater supply at KAF-I if the SPZ is not implemented and defined. • The sewage system will continue to operate in an unhygienic manner potentially causing health issues and economic impacts (see Figure 17). 152. All positive benefits of the Project outlined previously, would be foregone. The relatively minor, less than significant environmental impacts (such as noise and short-term air quality impacts from construction works) and inconveniences (such as traffic diversions) would be avoided in the short-run. In the long run, however, the steadily declining state of the system would hamper development in the area and potentially lead to significant health impacts. These effected and their economic consequences can be shown in the graph below. Figure 17: Average Per Capita Economic Impact of Inadequate Water Supply and Sanitation Service ($/person/year) 153. In light of these considerations, the “No Action” Alternative is deemed to be neither prudent nor in the best interest of Tajikistan or those with an interest in, and attempting to assist restoration of, Tajikistan’s well being. 56 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination E.2 Alternative Pipeline Alignments 154. Two petrol stations are located along the alignment of one of the proposed water pipelines under Water Supply Package 1. The proposed design envisaged that new pipelines would be constructed beneath the petrol station forecourts (see Figure 18). Figure 18: Petrol Station Approximate alignment of proposed pipeline 155. Both of the petrol station forecourts are built on concrete without any visible cracks. However, there is no drainage system to catch run-off from the forecourt, which could include small amounts of diesel and petrol. There is no below ground fuel storage at either petrol station, fuel is stored in above ground tanks to the rear of the petrol station, apprximately 20 meters from the proposed pipeline alignment. Given the above, it is considered possible that polluted run-off from the site could have impacted upon the soils in this area. Accordingly, it is considered prudent to move the pipeline alignment. 156. Three potential options were discussed as follows. 157. Firstly moving the whole alignment to the southern side of the adjacent road. Inspection of this area identified numerous other utilities that would be affected by the new pipeline as well as another existing petrol station. It was noted that this side of the road was planned for further development in the next year or two and that realignment of the utilities and some building is likely. This would mean that space for the mains pipeline in this area may potentially be available in the future. 158. Secondly, the option of expropriation was discussed. Currently the proposed design envisages that the forecourt of both the petrol stations will be expropriated to make way 57 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination for the pipeline, and the forecourt and associated fuel pumps will simply move 10 meters to the north (but still within the boundary of the petrol stations) where the petrol stations will continue to operate. The option of expropriation of both of the entire petrol stations was discussed. However, the resettlement team indicated that the costs of expropriation of both petrol stations could run close to $200,000. 159. The third option suggested was to divert the pipeline around both the petrol stations and beneath the adjacent road (see Figure 19). Figure 19: Diversion Around Petrol Station 160. This option would move the alignment further from any localized pollution around both the petrol stations and would also be combined with a secondary skin around the water pipeline to further isolate it from any potential contamination. This option would still result in additional costs of around $70,000 for each site (mainly associated with repair of the roadway). The approximate location of the new alignment is shown in Figure 20. Notwithstanding the above, the spoil material from the excavations around the petrol station would need to be tested for contamination prior to their disposal. In the event that elevated levels of contamination were found in the soils, they will need to be disposed of as hazardous waste. 161. Option 1 and 3 are considered the most appropriate solutions to avoid impacts associated with the petrol stations. These options will be assessed further at the detailed design phase before a decision is made on the final alignment. 58 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Figure 20: Proposed Alignment Around Petrol Stations 59 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination F. Description of the Environment 162. This section of the report discusses the existing environmental and social conditions within the Project corridor of the Project under the following headings: • Physical Resources (air quality, hydrology, topography, etc.); • Ecological Resources (flora, fauna, protected areas); • Economic Resources (infrastructure, land use, etc.); • Social and Cultural Resources (health, education, noise, cultural resources, etc.). F.1 Physical Resources F.1.1 Topography 163. Dushanbe sits within a river valley where the Varzob and Kafarnigan rivers converge. The vast Hissar mountain range lie directly to the north of Dushanbe and this dictates the topography of city which slopes from north to south. The Project area itself is situated within the south eastern portion of Dushanbe. The most northerly portion of the Project area is around 950 meters above sea level (masl) and the most southerly portion is approximately 745 masl. The topography of the Project area is important as the waster supply and sanitation system relies on gravity to move water around the network. The following provides the elevations of some portions of the Project area: • Start of Southern Collector – 812 masl. • KAF-I – 761 masl. • End of Southern collector – 744 masl. F.1.2 Geology and Soils 164. Geologically, the Project area belongs to the Tajik depression. Prevailing sediments are of late Mesozoic and early Cenozoic age. Within the river valleys of the Kafarnigan and Varzob Rivers alluvial deposits prevail. The prevailing sediments are soft and mostly unconsolidated. This can make slopes susceptible to landslides. 165. The soils in the Project area comprise loess and sandy loam. Loess is a geologically recent deposit of silt or material which is usually yellowish or brown in color and consisting of tiny mineral particles brought by wind to the places where they now lie. It is a product of past glacial activity in an area. Loess soils and sediments are firm and stable when dry, and can be stable even when cut vertical, but are readily collapsible and erodible when saturated with water. 166. The humus layer of the loess and loamy sands is fairly fertile and agriculture is possible. For these soils to be converted into agricultural use, they require irrigation and the mineral fertilizers. 167. A geotechnical assessment has been undertaken for the Project to determine the ground conditions in the area of the southern collector. The major findings are: • Southern Collector Section 1 (eastern part of south collector from Ayni Street until manhole ТПК) - The thickness of loess and sandy loam is fluctuating and in the main part of the collector the thickness is more than 11m. This type of soil is very sensitive to water, i.e. to erosion along the pipe due to leakages and infiltration. • Southern Collector Section 2 (western part of the south collector from manhole ТПК until manhole ПК 0) - Due to the required depth of the south collector in these sub- sections, the collector pipes will mostly be placed and bedded below the loess layer on relatively unproblematic sandy gravel. 60 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination F.1.3 Natural Hazards & Climate Change Natural Hazards 168. Tajikistan has generally a relatively high seismic potential due to the very active tectonic structure and its location within the thrusting tectonic border between Hindustan and Eurasian plates. As a result, it is the only part of continental Asia, which has earthquakes that originates deep below the earth’s crust, as well as crustal earthquakes. 169. In accordance with seismic zoning, the regions of Tajikistan are divided into three seismic zones. The seismic zones are based on the high risk of earthquakes ranging from 7 to 9 points at the Medvedev-Sponheuer-Karnik scale (msk-64). 3 Figure 21: Seismic Hazard Map of Tajikistan 170. The Project area is situated in seismic zones 8 and 9. 171. Other natural hazards that may impact the project are landslides, drought and floods. These issues are discussed below under climate change. Climate Change 172. Based on global circulation models (GCM) the following changes in climate variables and river runoff are expected till 2070 in the region of Dushanbe and the upstream basins of Kafarnigan and Varzob (compared to the 1980 – 2010 average): 3 MSK-64, is a macro-seismic intensity scale used to evaluate the severity of ground shaking on the basis of observed effects in an area of the earthquake occurrence. The MSK scale has 12 intensity degrees. Magnitude VIII can be compared to 6 – 7 on the Richter scale. 61 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination • No significant trend in total precipitation except for the period between December and February, where more GCMs show an increase. • Significant increase in temperature by 1.5 to 3°C all the year round, bringing more heat waves in summer and increased evaporation. • Decrease of glacier melt, which today accounts for about 10% of runoff during spring and summer. • More frequent hydrological droughts from April to October. • More frequent and more intense extreme precipitation events and thus increasing damage potential by river and flash floods, landslides and mudflows. 4 173. As part of the PPS an assessment of urban resilience (including a urban resilience workshop held in Dushanbe in January 2018) was undertaken to further assess these climate change variables and their potential risks to the Project. The following summarizes the key issues raised during this assessment: • River floods - every year, especially from March until May and due to heavy rains and snow melt, areas nearby Kafarnigan and Varzob Rivers (intake structures, pumping stations, transport mains, etc.) are potentially exposed to floods. In addition, high water levels coincide with high surface water turbidity, resulting in challenging water treatment. • River Erosion - every year, especially from March until May and due to heavy rains and snow melt, the high-water level of Kafarnigan River leads to erosion events: during spring, parts of the water intake Kafarnigan faces serious embankment erosion. • Drought - reduced availability of surface water during summer, combined with an increased water demand during crop growing periods, represents a challenge for DVK, although surface water intakes are currently not yet substantially affected by droughts. • Flash Floods - during heavy rains the surface water drainage system of the city overflows and impacts DVK’s sewage system. • Landslides / Mudflows - during heavy rains, landslides and mudflows in Dushanbe’s hilly areas occur and impact the DVK infrastructure. 174. Another issue not addressed in the workshop is that with climate warming and the impact of floods, the risk of the spread of water borne infectious diseases could increase. 5 F.1.4 Air quality & Climate Air Quality 175. Only one out of the Dushanbe’s seven air monitoring stations operates, so the environmental picture of the city is incomplete. According to the latest available data, urban air quality in Dushanbe is good, but occasional dust storms and inversions may lead to elevated levels of pollutants. Vehicular traffic is growing and so are congestion and emissions. Historically, industrial sites were located on the outskirts of the city. Many of these operations went dormant after the split of the Soviet Union, but some of them are now restarting and new sites are located in the city proper. As a result, industrial emissions and air pollution levels are growing. 6 4 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project. Final Report, May 2018. 5 Country Portfolio Evaluation Tajikistan (1999–2015) Volume II – Technical Documents. GEF 2015. 6 The State of the Environment in Central Asia: Illustration fo Selected Themes and Indicators. Regional Environmental Centre for Central Asia, Environmental Agency of Austria, Zoї Environment Network, 2015 62 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Climate 176. The summers in Dushanbe are hot and dry and the winters are chilly, but not very cold. The climate is damper than other Central Asian capitals, with an average annual rainfall over 500 mm as moist air is funneled by the surrounding valley during the winter and spring. Winters are not as cold as further north owing to the shielding of the city by mountains from extremely cold air from Siberia. Figure 22 illustrates the average temperature and precipitation in Dushanbe throughout the year. Figure 22: Temperature and Precipitation, Dushanbe. 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Daily mean °C 2.1 3.8 9.2 15.4 20 25.3 27.1 24.9 20.1 14.3 8.9 4.8 Average Preciptation (mm) 66.3 75.4107.5 105 66 5.5 3.2 0.5 3.1 30.6 44.7 59.8 Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dushanbe#Climate F.1.5 Hydrology Rivers • The main river in the Project area is the Kafarnigan. The Kafarnigan is one of the major tributaries of Amu-darya (together with Vakhsh and Panj). It rises on the southern slopes of Gissar Range in Vahdat district, formerly Kafarnigan district, and flows for about 400 km in the general south-western direction past the cities of Kafarnigan, Vahdat, and Dushanbe, where it turns south and runs through Khatlon Province toward the border with Afghanistan. It falls into Amu-darya some 40 km west of the confluence point of Vakhsh and Panj rivers. As noted in Section B, and by Figure 9 gravel extraction is on-going in the Kafarnigan river. This activity impacts upon the fish and aquatic habitat within the river as described further under Item F.2 below. 177. The other river in the Project area is the Varzob river, which is a tributary of the Kafarnigan. The Varzob broadly bi-sects Dushanbe from north to south. The Varzob is the most important river in terms of Dushanbe’s water supply needs, but crucially, the river is not critical to this Project which relies on groundwater. Discharge data for both rivers is provided below. 63 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Figure 23: Kafarnigan River Discharge Rate (m3/s) – Chinor Station (25km upstream of Dushanbe) 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1981 20.4 29.2 66.6 189 300 227 222 87.7 42.6 27.8 21.7 20 1985 23.9 30.2 63 182 235 280 196 83.6 39.5 26.8 19.6 19.5 1990 23.1 25.2 52.7 105 305 305 168 83.9 45.4 25.4 22.7 17.2 Figure 24: Kafarnigan River Discharge Rate (m3/s) – Tartki Station (145km downstream of Dushanbe) 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2005 82 82 100 225 300 375 243 110 78 38 38 59 2009 51 55 82 215 377 418 326 124 60 51 52 72 2014 44 63.5 78 147 430 360 146 79 51 55 91 80 64 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Figure 25: Varzob River Discharge Rate (m3/s) 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2007 11.2 16.5 37.9 122 155 136 98.1 49.8 27.4 13.6 9.7 9.3 2011 10.1 12.7 26.3 126 119 101 62.7 32.8 20.6 13.2 23.6 17.3 2016 16.8 14.7 40.2 73.7 118 111 82.7 38.5 23.4 13.1 15 16.5 178. Water flow in the Varzob River, which is most significant for Dushanbe’s water supply, is closely linked to snow stocks and precipitation patterns in high mountains. The trend over recent decades has been an overall reduction in river flow due to decreases in snow stocks. 179. As part of the Project the Varzob river will be crossed as described in Section C. 65 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Figure 26: Area of Proposed Crossing Under the Varzob River Water Quality 180. The water quality of the Kafarnigan and Varzob is measured on a monthly basis by the Committee for Environmental Protection. The results show that there are high levels of manganese in both the Kafarnigan and Varzob rivers. Manganese deposits can be found in Tajikistan, but it is not known if the elevated levels of manganese are linked to mining activities upstream, or if they are naturally occurring. The results of the monitoring are provided in full as Appendix A. It is noted that surface water supply will be separated from the groundwater supply within the Project area, and that only groundwater will be sourced from KAF-I as part of the Project as such the elevated levels of manganese in the rivers will not impact upon the water supply in the Project area. Water Supply 181. Dushanbe has about 0.8 million inhabitants and a water supply coverage of almost 100%. According to the city's master plan Dushanbe will reach about 1 million capita within the next 20 years. At the moment DVK has about 188,000 registered customers, which correspond to around 560,000 persons. Around 50% of the registered customers are metered, whereas the remainder is billed by a flat rate. Besides substantial quantities of water are supplied to not registered customers who are not billed at all. 182. The overall NRW is about 64%, whereas the lack of registered customers has a substantial contribution to the water losses (apparent losses). The NRW may be even higher due to the fact that there is no systematic production water metering and reporting. 183. Figure 27 shows the water balance according to the standard of the International Water Association (IWA) based on data provided by DVK. 66 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 184. The reduction of NRW is a major objective to tackle DVK ́s current supply shortages. This can be achieved only by reducing both physical and commercial losses. 185. The Population within the Project area are supplied by mains water connection, or by water tanker. Closer to the city center, e.g. between the airport and Ayni Street, properties are linked directly to the mains water supply via the existing distribution network that has been in place for more than 50 years. In the portions of the Project area, such as Karotegin and Zebunisso, which have been increasingly developed over the past 25 years the distribution network provides less coverage and mainly involves pumping water into a series of large free standing water tanks (see Figure 28) which distributes water, via gravity from the tanks, to nearby properties. Each individual connection is metered (see Figure 29). Figure 27: Dushanbe Water Balance System Input Authorized Billed Authorised Billed metered Revenue Water Volume consumption Consumption consumption 58 million 160 million 59 million 58 million 20 million m3/annum m3/annum m3/annum m3/annum m3/annum (36%) (100%) (37%) (36%) (16%) Billed unmetered consumption 38 million m3/annum (20%) Unbilled authorised Unbilled metered Non-revenue water consumption consumption 102 million 0.8 million 0 m3/annum m3/annum m3/annum (16%) (64%) (0.05%) Unbilled unmetered consumption 0.8 million m3/annum (0.05%) Water Losses Apparent losses Unauthorized consumption 101 million 55 million m3/annum m3/annum 35 million m3/annum (63%) (34%) (22%) Metering inaccuracies 20 million m3/annum (13%) Real Losses Leakage of transmission and 46 million distribution mains m3/annum 15 million (29%) m3/annum (9%) 67 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Leakage and overflows at utilities storage tanks 1.5 million m3/annum (<1%) Leakage on service connection up to point of customer metering 30 million m3/annum (19%) Figure 28: Water Tank Figure 29: Water Tank Meters 186. In other newly developed parts of the Project area, some properties have their own individual water storage tanks which are filled on an regular basis by water tanker trucks. Water Availability 187. Table 12 gives an overview on the present design capacity and actual production rates of the water in Dushanbe. The potential of the different sources corresponds either to the maximum sustainably explorable volume of groundwater or to the planned capacity of the water treatment plants. Table 12: Water Production, Dushanbe Source Production (m3/yr) Design Actual Potential KAF-I 65,700,000 47,926,430 99,645,000 KAF-II 43,800,000 0 141,985,000 SWW 60,225,000 38,260,900 151,840,000 Sub-total Groundwater 169,725,000 86,187,330 393,470,000 SAM 55,480,000 58,992,165 110,960,000 NAP 21,900,000 14,998.483 22,630,000 Sub-total Surface Water 77,380,000 73,990,648 133,590,000 Total 247,105,000 160,177,978 527,060,000 Water Demand 2016 with 64% NRW 160,000,000 68 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Water Demand 2037 with 30% NRW – 1.1 million 140,000,000 population 188. Water demand figures are shown for the “status quo”, i.e. the current water demand with about 64 % NRW and the future projection for 2037. The scenarios can be summarized as follows: 189. The current production rate of 160 million m3 per year consists of 58 million m3 authorized consumption plus 64 % NRW, which equals to approximately 102 million m3 per year. 190. Assuming that the overall NRW could be reduced to 50 % the needed production would be around 120 million m m3 per year. 191. For the future (with approximately 1.1 million capita in 2037) an annual production of 140 million m3 would be required. This entails a daily domestic consumption of about 200 l per capita plus 30% NRW and about 20% non-domestic demand. Current sources should have sufficient potential to serve Dushanbe’s future water demand. Drinking Water Quality 192. Water quality monitoring is undertaken by DVK across the water supply network. Water quality from different wells within KAF-I is sent for analysis on a daily basis to the main DVK lab in the north of the city. In addition, samples are taken on a weekly basis from two locations in the network, 1-2 mains and Reh. Junction. Table 13 provides the average results of the analysis for 2017. All parameters are within the Tajik Standards. Table 13: Results of Water Quality Analysis from KAF-I Water Supply, 2017 KAF-1 Monitoring Locations # Parameter Unit 1-2 Mains Reh. Junction Tajik Standard 1 Transparency CM 30 30 Not less than 30 2 Turbidity mg/l 0 0 3.5 3 Colour Grade 0 0 20 4 Smell Score 1 1 2 5 Aftertaste Score 0 0 2 6 pH pH 8.0-8.1 7.8-8.0 6.0-9.0 7 Ammonia mg/l ND ND - 8 Nitrites mg/l ND ND - 9 Nitrates mg/l 17.7 - 23 13.6 - 18.0 45 10 Hardness mg-eqv/l 3.0-4.3 2.8-3.4 7 11 Calcium mg-eqv/l 2.4-4.0 1.6-3.0 - 12 Magnesium mg-eqv/l 0.75-1.35 1.25-1.4 - 13 Sulfates mg/l 20-37 10-20 500 14 Alkalinity mg-eqv/l 3.0-4.2 2.4-3.2 - 15 Chlorides mg/l 7-12 5-8.5 350 16 Dry Residue mg/l 180-209 140-200 1000 17 Residual Chlorine mg/l 0.3 0.35 0.3-0.5 18 Coli-index k3 k3 3 19 Coli-titer <333 <333 333 20 Iron mg/l 0.03 ND 0.3 69 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination KAF-1 Monitoring Locations # Parameter Unit 1-2 Mains Reh. Junction Tajik Standard 21 Copper mg/l 0.12 0.05 1 22 Flourine mg/l ND ND 1.2 F.2 Ecological Resources F.2.1 Flora 193. Flora is the urban portions of the Project area comprises mainly ornamental trees and shrubs. Figure 30 illustrates the type of trees that may be affected by construction of pipelines. No natural or critical habitat has been identified. F.2.2 Fauna 194. The Project area is urban and as such little terrestrial fauna can be found within the Project area and no Tajik Red-book or IUCN red-list species have been identified. 195. Portions of the Project will cross both the Kafarnigan and Varzob rivers. A study of the ecology of the rivers was commissioned as part of this report. The following summarizes the findings of the report prepared by Mr NM Mirzoev of the Tajik Academy of Sciences. Figure 30: Typical Flora in the Project Area 70 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination General 196. The natural geographical features of Tajikistan and the hydrological regime of the rivers determine the quantitative and qualitative composition of the fish. These rivers belong to the rivers of the mountain belt, which are characterized by a large number of suspended sediments and low water transparency in the summer, when the bulk of the water consists of snow and glacial melt waters. Kafarnigan River 197. The distribution of the species structure of the fish in the Kafarnigan river depends on such hydrological features as the bed slope, flow velocity, depth, order of inflow, amount of suspensions, water temperature and the amount of food available, etc. The ichthyofauna of the river can be divided into the following sections. 198. In the upper reaches of the river (from the source to the village of Tangai), where the average speed of the current is 4-6 m / sec, there are mainly 4 species of fish: • The Amu Darya Trout (Salmo Trutta Oxianus). • Ordinary Marinka (Schizotorax intermedius). • Samarkand Khramulya (Varicorhinus сapoeta heratensis). • Turkestan catfish (Glyptosternon reticulatum). 199. In the middle stream where the flow velocity averages from 1 to 2.4 m / s. the species composition of the fish increases. The ichthyofauna of this part of the river includes 11 species including: • Ordinary Marinka (Schizotorax intermedius). • Samarkand Khramulya (Varicorhinus сapoeta heratensis). • Turkestan catfish (Glyptosternon reticulatum). • Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio). • Striped Bystranka (Alburnoides taeniatus). • Eastern crested loach (Nemacheilus longicaudus). • Tajik char (Nemashilius pardalis). • Kafirnigan char (Nemashilius Kafirnigani). • Golden Spined Loach (Cobitis aurata aralensis). • Eastern Mosquito fish (Gambusia holbrooki). • Kura Chub (Alburnoides bipunctatus eichwaldi). 200. In the lower reaches of the river. Kafirnigan (from the village of Essenbai to the confluence of the Amu-darya River), the following species of fish can be found: • Ordinary Marinka (Schizotorax intermedius). • Samarkand Khramulya (Varicorhinus сapoeta heratensis). • Turkestan catfish (Glyptosternon reticulatum). • Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio). • Striped Bystranka (Alburnoides taeniatus). • Eastern crested loach (Nemacheilus longicaudus). • Tajik char (Nemashilius pardalis). • Kafirnigan char (Nemashilius Kafirnigani). • Golden Spined Loach (Cobitis aurata aralensis). • Eastern Mosquito fish (Gambusia holbrooki). • Kura Chub (Alburnoides bipunctatus eichwald). • Pike Asp (Aspiolucius Esocinus). • Finfish (Capoetobrama Kuschakewitschi). • Prussian Carp (Carassius Auratus Gibelio). • Turkestan Gudgeon (Gobio Gobio Lepidolaemus). 71 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination • Wels Catfish (Siluris Glanis). • Korean Sharpbelly (Hemiculter Leucisculus). • Topmouth Gudgeon (Pseudorasbora Parva). • Rosy Bitterling (Rhodeus Ocellatus). Varzob River 201. In the Varzob River and its tributaries (the Luchob River, Dushanbinka) the following fish species have been recorded: • The Amu Darya Trout (Salmo Trutta Oxianus) • Samarkand Khramulya (Varicorhinus сapoeta heratensis) • Ordinary Marinka (Schizotorax intermedius) • Turkestan catfish (Glyptosternon reticulatum) • Striped Bystranka (Alburnoides taeniatus) • Tajik char (Nemashilius pardalis) Project Area 202. There are no fisheries in the Kafirnigan and Varzob rivers and they have no fishery significance. Species composition of fish in the zone of construction of bridges is given in Table Table 14. 203. Ordinary Marinka (Schizotorax intermedius) - In Tajikistan, found in the basins of Syrdarya, Zeravshan, Pyanj, Vakhsh, and their tributaries. The fish is found in both the Kafarnigan and Varzob. The color of the marinka body in the rivers is light gray, with a golden hue. In the conditions of the river. Varzob females of ordinary marinka become sexually mature on the 4th year of life with a length of 14.1 to 16.7 cm, and males - on the 3rd year of life with a body length of 10 to 14 cm. The spawning grounds in the Kafarnigan are streams and tributaries in the upper and middle reaches of the river. The spawning time in the Varzob is June and in the Kafarnigan July to September. The number of marinka has decreased markedly because of overfishing and pollution of rivers. Ordinary marinka, adheres mainly in the upper and middle reaches of rivers, in tributaries and streams. This is explained by the fact that the tributaries and streams of the upper reaches of water bodies are considered for the marinka a rich habitat for food, and on the other hand, are suitable places for reproduction. As an object of fishing, the marinka plays an insignificant role. The fish can be found in the area of the Proposed river crossings. Figure 31: Ordinary Marinka (Schizotorax intermedius) 72 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Photo: 03.06.2018, Mirzoev N.M 204. Samarkand Khramulya (Varicorhinus Capoeta Heratensis) - Sexual maturity of the fish is reached at the age of 2-3 years with a length of 15-20 cm. Spawning periods in the Kafarnigan are the end of May to the end of July. The temperature regime of water during spawning is from 18 to 24 ° C. The Kafarnigan serves as a good habitat for spawning with its warm shallows and sand-stoney ground. The basis for the food of the fish is silt, in which the fouling of blue-green algae is found in mass. The fish can be found in small amounts in the river including in the area of the Proposed river crossings. 205. Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio) - According to a survey of local residents and fishermen, the carp appeared in the Kafarnigan after it was released into small ponds adjacent to the river after which it settled downstream into the backwaters of the Kafarnigan. In the area of proposed construction the carp is not numerous and is encountered rarely. 206. Striped Bystranka (Аlburnoides taeniatus) - It occurs in the lower reaches of both rivers. In the Kafarnigan there are individuals of body length from 6 to 13 cm at a mass of 10 to 80 g. Individual specimens reach a length of 15 cm and a mass of 100 g. Spawning takes place in in June-September. The fish feed on zooplankton, silt, green filamentous algae. It has no commercial significance. In the area of proposed construction the fish is not numerous and is encountered rarely. Figure 32: Striped Bystranka (Аlburnoides taeniatus) 73 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Photo: 03.06.2018, Mirzoev N.M 207. Kura Chub (Alburnoides Bipunctatus Eichwaldi) – The habitat for the fish in the Kafarnigan is the shallow water zone. In the riverbed it is less common. The dimensions of the body of the chub differs from 3.4 to 10.2 cm, weight from 2.5 to 25 g. Spawning grounds are located in the lower reaches of the river on pebble-sandy soils at a depth of 30-70 cm. Spawning begins at mid-May and lasts until June. The chub feeds with the remains of higher aquatic plants by larvae of chironomids and zooplankton. 208. Eastern crested loach (Nemacheilus longicaudus) – The loach is widely spread. Its seen in the rivers Kafarnigan, Pyanj, Vakhsh, Varzob Luchob, Dushanbinka, Karatag, and others. The length of the body of the fish differs from 8.1 to 12.5 cm. In the Kafarnigan it is found from the village of Romit to Gissar. Spawning in the Kafarnigan occurs from the beginning of June to the end of July at a water temperature of 14-16C. In the vicinity of Dushanbe, spawning begins in May. It feeds mainly on larvae of caddis flies, dragonflies and beetles. The fish lives together with Turkestan catfish, Tajik char and Golden Spined Loach. It has no commercial significance. The fish can be found in the area of the Proposed river crossings. 209. Tajik char (Nemachilus pardalis) - Within Tajikistan, it is registered in the rivers Varzob, Luchob, Dushanbinka, Kafarnigan. The dimensions of the Tajik char are from 2.3-8.5 cm. In the Kafirnigan River, the Tajik char reaches sexual maturity at the age of 2-3 years with a body length of 4.3 cm and a mass of 1.3 g. For spawning it selects slowly flowing sections of rivers with stony-sandy soil. In the Kafarnigan it spawns from June to September. The Tajik char lives on larvae of caddis flies, dragonflies, mayflies, and also by algae. It has no commercial significance. The fish can be found in the area of the Proposed river crossings. 74 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Table 14: Species Composition of Fish in the Construction Zone of the Kafarnigan River Families and species of fish The status of the species Family I Carp - СвpriniНae 1 Ordinary Marinka – Schizotorax intermedius (Mccleland, 1842) A commercial (productive), numerous species. 2 Samarkand Khramulya – Varicorhinus сapoeta heratensis (Kessler, A commercial (productive), a small species.. 1873) 3 Common Carp - Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) A commercial (productive), a small species.. 4 Striped Bystranka - Alburnoides taeniatus (Kessler,1874) Non-commercial, normal species 5 Kura Chub - Alburnoides bipunctatus eichwaldi (Filippi,1863) Non-commercial, normal species Family II Loach-СobitiНae 6 Eastern crested loach - Nemacheilus longicaudus (Kessler,1872) Non-commercial, and numerous species. 7 Golden Spined Loach - Cobitis aurata aralensis (Kessler 1874) Listed in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Tajikistan. Endangered Species (EN). IUCN - LC 8 Tajik char - Nemashilius pardalis (Turdakovi,1941) Non-commercial, numerous species. 9 Kafirnigan char – Nemashilius Kafirnigani Non-commercial, small species. Family III Sisoridae – Catfishes 10 Turkestan catfish - Glyptosternon reticulatum Non-commercial species. It is listed in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Tajikistan. Vulnerable species (VU). Family IV. Poeciliidae - Toothcarps 11 Eastern Mosquito fish - Gambusia holbrooki (Baird et Girard,1853) Non-commercial, numerous species. IUCN - LC 75 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Table 15: Species Composition of Fish in the Construction Zone of the Varzob River Families and species of fish The status of the species Family I Carp - СвpriniНae 1 Ordinary Marinka – Schizotorax intermedius (Mccleland, 1842) A commercial (productive), numerous species. 2 Common Carp - Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) A commercial (productive), a small species.. 3 Striped Bystranka - Alburnoides taeniatus (Kessler,1874) Non-commercial, normal species 4 Kura Chub - Alburnoides bipunctatus eichwaldi (Filippi,1863) Non-commercial, normal species Family II Loach-СobitiНae 5 Eastern crested loach - Nemacheilus longicaudus (Kessler,1872) Non-commercial, and numerous species. 6 Tajik char - Nemashilius pardalis (Turdakovi,1941) Non-commercial, numerous species. Family III Sisoridae – Catfishes 7 Turkestan catfish - Glyptosternon reticulatum Non-commercial species. It is listed in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Tajikistan. Vulnerable species (VU). Family IV. Poeciliidae - Toothcarps 8 Eastern Mosquito fish - Gambusia holbrooki (Baird et Girard,1853) Non-commercial, numerous species. IUCN - LC 76 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 210. Kafirnigan Char (Nemashilius Kafirnigani) – Kafarnigan char lives in the rivers Kafarnigan, Khanaka, Dushanbinka and others. The sizes of the Tajik char can reach from 3.0 to 6.5 cm. In the Kafarnigan River, the Tajik char achieves maturity at a body length of 4.0 cm and a mass of 1.8 g. The spawning grounds are small streams with a weak current. Spawning begins from the beginning of May and lasts until the end of June at a water temperature of 13 ° C - 17.50 ° C. Kafarnigan char lives on larvae of mosquitoes, caddis flies and also algae. It does not represent commercial value. In the area of construction of bridges, few of th fish can be found and only sporadically. 211. Turkestan catfish (Glyptosternon Reticulatum) - within Tajikistan Catfish is found in the upper reaches of the river. Vakhsh, Kafarnigan, Dushambinka, Varzob, Shirkent. In the Kafarnigan is widespread in the creeks, shallow parts and are hidden under rocks. The sizes of adults of the Turkestan catfish range from 5.8 to 14.5 cm in length at a weight of 10 to 50 g. They are not found in large numbers around Dushanbe. Sexual maturity Turkestan catfish in the Kafarnigan reaches, as in other rivers of the Amu Darya basin, at the age of 2 -3 years with a body length of 9-11 cm. Spawning begins at the end of April and lasts until July. Turkestan catfish feeds from larvae of chironomids, caddis flies, springworts and other benthic organisms. It is an object of amateur fishing. In recent years, it has become less abundant, and was listed in the second edition of the Red Book of the Republic of Tajikistan (2015). 212. Golden Spined Loach (Cobitis aurata aralensis) - The distribution of the fish in Tajikistan covers the lower reaches of the river. Vakhsh, Panj, Farhad and Kayrakkum (now the "Tajik Sea") water basin. It is noted in the lakes of the Tigrovaya Balka reserve. In the past was marked in Varzob, Dushanbe and Luchob. In small amounts the loach can be seen in the middle and lower reaches of the Kafarnigan, Yakh-su, Kzyl-su, Toir-su and Surkhob. The loach sizes reached from 3.5 to 6.5 cm at a weight of 1 to 3 g. Prevalent individuals 4-5 cm in length. Sexual maturity in the Kafarnigan occurs in the second year of life with a body length of 4-5 cm. It feeds mainly on detritus and blue-green algae. The number in recent years has sharply decreased in connection with the regulation of runoff and the competitive impact of fish invaders. Taking into account the sudden decrease in the number, it was recommended for inclusion in the second edition of the Red Data Book of Tajikistan (2015). It is included in the Red List of the IUCN (LC). 213. Eastern Mosquito fish (Gambusia holbrooki) – The Eastern Mosquito fish natural habitat are the basins of North America. In Central Asia, it was imported in the 1930s to fight malaria. The length of the body varies from 2.2 to 5.5. Males are smaller than females, their size does not exceed 2.5 cm. By mass, females predominate over the male. The useful role of mosquito fish is to destroy mosquito larvae, which helps to eliminate foci of malaria. At the same time, the mosquito, feeding on the larvae of commercial fish, causes some damage to the aquaculture. Eating small invertebrates that live in the waters, it is also a competitor of commercial fish. At present, it is widely distributed along the water bodies of the valley part of the republic. It can be found in the lowlands occurs in a variety of streams, reservoirs, lakes, canals, irrigation ditches and even rice fields. It is also registered in collector and irrigation canals in the vicinity of Dushanbe. Adults feed on pelagic crustaceans and insect larvae, including mosquito larvae. Pollution Effects on Fish Fauna 77 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 214. The Kafarnigan basin differs from other basins with a very high population density of 133.2 people / km2. In the basin of its largest tributary, the Varzob river, the density if more than 400 people / km2. Therefore, densely populated areas is considered as the main factor affecting the deterioration of water quality. On the banks of the Kafarnigan and Varzob rivers are settlements, recreational areas and maintenance facilities that can be a source of pollution. 215. The middle section of the Kafarnigan river is polluted by agriculture: crops, livestock and poultry farms, etc. In addition, most of the settlements and recreational areas are located on the slopes of mountains and household waste in the spring floods fall into rivers that adversely affects the fish population. 216. The Amu-darya trout has completely disappeared from the Project area in the Kafarnigan and Varzob rivers, Earlier in the 20th century, the trout was found in the middle of the Kafarnigan and Dushanbinka. Unfortunately for the last 50-60 years, data on the capture of trout are absent. The Amu-darya trout is an indicator of clean water, as it has historically adapted to live only in clean and freshened areas of rivers with high oxygen content. Currently, can be found only in the upper reaches of the Kafarnigan a long way from the Project area. The main cause are assumed to be contamination of the middle part of the river. 217. The riverbank protection construction area is not the territory of spawning fish, since the composition of the fish in the Project area is affected by the human activity in the river (e.g. extraction of stone, gravel, etc) and migrates to the lower reaches of the river for reproduction of fish. In addition, in the Project area illegal catch of fish (poaching) is observed which also has a negative effect on the fish of the Varzob and Kafarnigan rivers. 218. It should be noted that the fish of the Kafarnigan and Varzob in the area of the proposed works have long been experiencing anthropogenic impacts, which led to a reduction in the number of Tajik Red Data Book species like Golden Spined Loach and Turkestan catfish. In the control catches undertaken in the construction area as part of the survey, the Golden spined loach was not found. In the construction area the Turkestan catfish is found in small numbers. F.2.3 Forests & Protected Areas 219. There are no protected areas or forests that maybe affected by Project works. In addition, there are no Important Bird Areas located close to, or within the Project area. F.3 Economic Development F.3.1 Industries & Agriculture Industry 220. The Project area is an urban location. The main components of the Project involve the laying of new pipelines along streets and in these areas little heavy industry can be observed. In some circumstances pipelines may be laid close to commercial or light industrial areas, but mainly these areas are avoided. Other acivities, such as construction of reservoirs will be undertaken in residential areas. 78 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 221. A survey of the area around KAF-I has been undertaken to determine the land uses in these areas. Two rock crushing plants were observed adjacent to the boundary of KAF-I. No other industrial activities were noted adjacent to these sites with the exception of gravel extraction from the Kafarnigan river. 222. According to DVK, the river gravel extraction is illegal and is leading to erosion of the river bank protection on the south side of KAF-I. This issue is compounded by the fact that there is no defined SPZ-2 or SPZ-3 around KAF-I, which means that there is no control over the activities around KAF-I. Agriculture 223. Within the urban portions of the Project area the only agricultural areas identified are those within the confines of individual properties – also known as ‘kitchen gardens’. In these gardens a range of fruits and vegetables are grown by the owner of the property and used for their own consumption. Consultations with the local community have indicated that water consumption in these kitchen gardens is high as they are currently un-metered and therefore watering continues pretty much constantly throughout the growing season. 224. Agricultural activity was also noted within the boundary of KAF-I. According to workers tending the crops, no pesticides or fertilizers are allowed to be used inside the KAF-I boundary. KAF-I is also bounded by some small portions of agricultural land on its northern side. 225. Some portions of the new pipelines will cross agricultural land (see Figure 34). The Project LARP has identified these areas and will provide compensation payments for any temporary impacts to these areas. F.3.2 Waste Management 226. Waste Management is discussed under two headings; solid waste and liquid waste. Solid Waste 3 227. In Dushanbe about 1,200,000 m of municipal waste is generated annually, which is about 218,000 tons and only Figure 33: Kitchen Garden about 50% of that is dumped at official, regulated landfills. The rest of waste goes to illegal landfills. Municipal solid waste is neither sorted nor treated in the country. There are 70 official MSW landfills nationwide, which 79 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination hold about 12 million tons of waste and cover 296 ha. None of the landfills meet current international standards.7 228. In the vicinity of KAF-I along the banks of the Kafarnigan river large amounts of dumped solid waste materials can be seen. Most of the waste is domestic and construction waste. None of these ‘dumps’ are within the boundary of KAF-I. Figure 34: Areas where Pipelines will Cross Agricultural Land Liquid Waste 229. The present sewer network is designed as a separate system for the collection of sewerage and surface water. Investments for the rehabilitation and extension of the sewerage network have been very limited during the past 25 years and the infrastructure is generally in a bad condition. The surface water is mainly drained in open channels and pipes along the streets. The surface water drains are maintained and renewed together with the streets and are in a better condition than the sewerage network. The adequacy of the current sanitation infrastructure has been assessed based on several meetings with employees of DVK and site visits. The following challenges in wastewater collection have been identified: 7 Current State of Waste Management in Tajikistan and Potential for a Waste-to‐Energy Plant in Khujand City. Columbia University 2015 80 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination • Bad condition of the sewerage network resulting in potential groundwater pollution and the need for significant investments into reconstruction. • South collector being dysfunctional and partly blocked due to insufficient / partly inverse slope leading to critical sanitary and environmental conditions in a large area of the southeastern part of Dushanbe. • Limited service coverage within the city and in the peri-urban areas. • Lack of inventory, regular inspection, mapping and documentation of the sewerage and surface water collection networks. • Lack of equipment and capacity for sewer operation, inspection and repair. • High dilution and clean water infiltration into the sewerage network. • Lack of maintenance and investment planning. • No adequate management of new connections to the sewerage and the surface water collection networks resulting in misconnections • The existing wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is obsolete or only partly functional. The WWTP can thus not ensure adequate wastewater treatment for the entire city. The inadequate wastewater treatment represents a risk for the environment and human health. F.3.3 Land use 230. In terms of land use the Project area can be divided into the following portions: • KAF I – As noted above, KAF-I is located adjacent to the Kafarnigan river, and generally bounded by the river or residential properties. Two rock crushing plants and a cement batching plant (Figure 35) were identified adjacent to KAF-I. Although the boundary of KAF-I is not clearly defined, it does appear that the concrete batching plant is located in, or very close to the KAF-I site (but not within 30 meters of any well). Notwithstanding the above, it is noted that all project works associated with KAF-I will occur within, or on the site boundary. • Mains Water Supply Pipelines – A number of mains water supply pipelines will be built across the Project area. In general these mains water pipelines will be constructed beneath existing roads. There are some areas where agricultural land and properties will be impacted (see Figure 34). • Pump Houses – All rehabilitation works, or new constructions, will take place in or adjacent to existing pump stations in urban areas. • Reservoirs – One new reservoir (Zebunisso) will be constructed on an area of unoccupied land within the Project area. Land use in this area is predominantly residential (see Figure 36). • Distribution Pipes – Distribution lines in the urban areas will be constructed beneath roads and pavements connecting to properties. • Main sewage collectors –The main southern collector will be constructed, as far as possible, beneath the existing road network. However, at some locations it will also cross some small portions of agricultural land. 81 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Figure 35: Concrete Batching Plant Adjacent to KAF-I Figure 36: Land Use around the Proposed New Zebunisso Reservoir F.4 Social and Cultural Resources F.4.1 Socio-economic conditions Economy 82 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 231. The Tajik economy is developing rather slow compared to its neighboring central Asian countries. The economy is dominated by minerals extraction, metals processing, agriculture, and strongly relies on remittances from citizens working abroad, which accounts for almost 50% of the GDP. In recent years the service sector developed at the expense of the industrial sector, whereas the agricultural sector has asserted its position. 232. The poor business climate still prevents attracting foreign investment in Tajikistan and Dushanbe respectively. Despite the moderate development of Dushanbe's service sector there is still a lack of attractive job opportunities. Thus, the qualified work force often prefers working abroad, slowing down the economic development even more. Unless the business climate improves, de-urbanization may not be completely disregarded in the mid- and long- term perspective and future investment planning. Demographics 233. Looking at the demographic development as shown in Figure 37, the population in Dushanbe does not grow faster than the country average and even slowed down in recent years.8 Based on the information from the Agency on Statistics the ratio of urban and rural population stayed more or less constant in the last 20 years with 26.5% and 73.5% respectively. No pronounced urbanization process can be thus observed in Tajikistan. However, the city master plan expects an increase of population from presently 0.82 million towards 1.05 million in 2040. This development is confirmed by the current strong construction activity in the real estate sector. Figure 37: Demographic development in Tajikistan and Dushanbe City - left: populations in Tajikistan and Dushanbe City from 2000 to 2016; right: historic data and projections based on low, medium and high development scenarios for Tajikistan Source: Agency on Statistics under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, http://www.stat.tj/en/, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017). World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision, DVD Edition. 234. The share of men of Dushanbe population is higher than the one of women (52.2% to 47.8%) and compared with the national average (50.6% to 49.4%), which may be due to men having work in the capital city and leaving behind the family in the countryside, where 8 Agency on Statistics under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, http://www.stat.tj/en/: growth rate decreased from 2.2% in 2012 to 1.7% in 2016 83 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination living conditions are often more favorable for families. Dushanbe has a young population with 63% less than 30 years old (national: 64%). The working-age population (15-64 years old) in Dushanbe amounts to 69% (national: 62%), whereas the labor force makes up less than 50% of this age group. The official unemployment rate in Tajikistan amounts to 2.1% per end of 2017 9 and thus is very low. This is mainly due to the fact that most unemployed persons do not get registered. Therefore, the actual unemployment rate may be much higher even when assuming that about 25% 10 of people not being in labor force of working age population are in education or some do not look for work due to lack of opportunities or willingness. 235. According to information from the Agency on Statistics 11 the poverty rate has been significantly reduced in recent years and amounts to 19.9% for Dushanbe (country: 32%) in 2014. 236. There are 241,060 people living in project area. In total, there are 121,230 males and 119,830 females living in 22,003 households. Out of 59 villages, 12 are located in the Project area (see Table 16) 237. Data available for the Project area shows 3,530 poor households in the Project rayon. (Table 17). Two semi-rural Jamoats data indicate much lower incidence of poverty (5.87% and 7.15% respectively) than urban district of Shohmansour (28.32%).12 Table 16: Population of the Project Villages No of No of No of District Population Male Female affected households villages villages Shohmansour 159,804 81,907 77,897 9,595 29 4 Guliston 47,036 23,753 23,283 5,792 15 5 Kushteppa 34,220 15,570 18,650 6,616 15 3 Total 241,060 121,230 119,830 22,003 59 12 Source: Districts’ and jamoats’ statistics Table 17: Poverty in Project Area No of women District or No of poor % of poor No of HH on leadership Jamoat HH HH position Shohmansour 9,595 2,717 28.32% 300 Guliston 5,792 340 5.87% 67 Kushteppa 6,616 473 7.15% Total 22,003 3,530 16.04 367 Access to Services 9 Data from National Bank of Tajikistan; http://www.nbt.tj/en/ 10 Victoria Strokova and Mohamed Ihsan Ajwad. 2017. “Tajikistan Jobs Diagnostic: Strategic Framework for Jobs.” World Bank, Washington, DC. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO 11 Agency on Statistics, "Poverty Measurement in Tajikistan: A Methodological Note", June 2015 12 The source of information on poverty: Jamoats’ official statistics 84 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 238. Apart from some low population density areas in the suburbs, especially in the new development areas in the southeastern part of the city, an almost complete access to water supply services is given in Dushanbe. However, several areas in Dushanbe have an intermittent supply scheme, e.g. 30% of the population in Shohmansour district in the southeastern part of the city, subsequently called priority area. Temporarily, water quality problems occur due to insufficient treatment capacity in particular in the northern half of the city, which fully relies on surface water. Apart from the northern part of the priority area, where also surface water may be supplied at times, the priority area is supplied by groundwater only and does not face water quality problems. 239. Only 60% of the city area are connected to the sewerage system, which corresponds approximately to 70% of the population. In the priority area more than 40% of the population have no access to sewerage services. Socio-Economic Survey 240. A socio-economic survey was undertaken in the Project area. The following summarizes the key aspects of the survey. 241. The average household size in the Project area is 8.4, with an average age of 28. Occupations vary with the majority of the respondents being housewife’s (31%), 15 % are civil servants and 13% work as private sector employees. 10% are unemployed. Regarding ethnicity, 82% are Tajik and 10% Uzbek. More than 12% of family members were classified as disabled, which appears to be a very high number. 242. 41% of respondents receive water from a pipeline in the house that connects to a communal water tank (see Figure 28: Water Tank). And 29% receive water from a pipeline connecting directly to their own individual water tank. On average water from these pipelines is available for 21 hours per day. On average respondents pay around 44 TJS/month per person for their piped water. Only 3% used water from a hand pump / well. 8% pay for water delivered in tanker trucks. 243. Respondents were asked what important information they would like to receive about the Project. The majority, 27% responded ‘what will the water quality be’, 16% wanted to know how far the pipeline would be from the houses and 13% wanted to know what the tariffs would be. 244. 27% stated that they have no reason to be dissatisfied with the water supply, 21% complained that water is opaque and dirty, 19% complained about low water pressure and 13% that water supply is irregular. Only 4% complained about water hardness. However, only 20% actually make complaints to DVK about the water quality. 38% of respondents felt that the drinking water was unsafe, the main reasons being that the water is dirty (52%), contains bacteria/microbes (27%) and contains larvae/worms (11%). Only 7% of respondents stated that the drinking water caused harm to health of their household members. On average respondents paid 255 TJS per month for water cleaning, e.g. filters. The majority of respondents (44%) did not know what health related issues were related to water quality. 245. Regarding liquid waste, the majority of respondents disposed of the waste in the yard (50%). 13% disposed of liquid waste into a centralized sewage system and 21% disposed of liquid waste ‘into the street’. 42% thought that these methods were causing pollution against 50% who did not think these activities resulted in pollution. The majority of 85 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination respondents (70%) use a pit latrine as a toilet, 17% have flush toilets connected to the existing water supply and sewage system. F.4.2 Health 246. Just before the Soviet Union collapse, about 70% of all cities and 20% of all villages had their own wastewater collection systems. Wastewater treatment plants were usually designed with mechanical and biological treatment. When the Soviet State collapsed in 1991, the majority of wastewater treatment plants halted their operation. During the following period, lack of investment and maintenance resulted in serious degradation of the majority of sewage treatment plants. Still, most wastewater treatment plants do not operate efficiently. Their present technical standard is insufficient due to lack of equipment and spare parts, chemicals, and trained personnel. Almost everywhere, biological treatment stages are not functioning efficiently. Mechanical treatment is only operating at a few city wastewater treatment plants. 13 247. Reviews indicate that improved sanitation can reduce diarrhoeal diseases by 32%–37%. 14 However, improved sanitation needs to be combined with good operation and maintenance of water supply systems. Worn-out water pipelines are often the reason of deteriorated potable water quality and higher incidence of intestinal infections. 8 8 248. One gram of fresh faeces from an infected person can contain 10 viral pathogens, 10 bacterial pathogens, 104 protozoan cysts, and 104 helminth eggs. The lack of sanitation, as well as occurrence of polluted water, cause different consequences in the health of the population. Drinking water provided by old water pipes can be the cause of acute gastrointestinal illnesses such as typhoid, dysentery, and cases of viral Hepatitis A. Diarrhoeal disease accounts for an estimated 4.1% of the total DALY (disability-adjusted life year) global burden of disease. It has been estimated that 88% of that burden are attributable to unsafe water supply, sanitation, and hygiene according to World Health Organization.15 Water Borne Disease 249. A study was commissioned to assess the current status of water borne disease in Dushanbe and the Project area. The study, undertaken by the Head of the Department of Hygiene and Environmental Protection of the Tajik Scientific Research Institute of Preventive Medicine during May 2018 analyzed a range of statistics relating to water borne disease in Tajikistan, and four districts of the city of Dushanbe (Somoni, Shohmansour, Firdausi and Sino) and also Rudaki. 250. The following figures present data on the incidence of infectious diseases in terms of the number of cases (absolute indices) of the following infections; Typhoid, Acute Intestinal Infections (AII), Bacillary Dysentery, Amoebiasis-amoeba Dysentery, Ascariasis, Hepatitis A and Giardiasis 13 Global Water Partnership, Central Asia and Caucasus. Regional Review, Water Supply and Sanitation in the Countries of Central Asia and Southern Caucasus. Available online: http://www.gwp.org/global/ activities/news/wssobzor_eng_aug2009.pdf (accessed on 23 May 2016). 14 Waddington, H.; Snilstveit, B. Effectiveness and sustainability of water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions in combating diarrhoea. J. Dev. Eff. 2009, 1, 295–335. 15 Water Related Health Problems in Central Asia—A Review. Water 2016 86 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 251. Typhoid - spread by eating or drinking food or water contaminated with the feces of an infected person. Figure 38: Comparative indices of typhoid fever of the whole population for 10 years. 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Somoni 00046000000 Shohmansur 00042000001 Firdavsi 00022000000 Sino 00033000000 Dushanbe 96 131 51 13 13 0 0 0 0 0 1 RT 1226 1250 913 557 409 209 175 96 183 45 54 87 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Figure 39: Comparative indices of typhoid fever for the population of the city districts for 10 years. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Somoni 00046000000 Shohmansur 00042000001 Firdavsi 00022000000 Sino 00033000000 Figure 40: Comparative indices of typhoid fever in the districts of the city for the child population for 10 years. 3.5 3 2.5 Somoni 2 Shohmansur 1.5 Firdavsi Sino 1 0.5 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 252. According to data presented in Figure 38, there was an outbreak of typhoid fever in 2007 in Tajikistan, due to emergency measures taken by the state, targeted steps in terms of 88 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination carrying out epidemiological measures by profit organizations, a clear reduction in the incidence of the population of this infection was noted. 253. In Dushanbe (Figure 39 and Figure 40) there were isolated cases of typhoid fever in 2009- 2011, 50% of all cases are children's population, mainly due to the contact and everyday way of transmission and carrier. 254. Acute Intestinal Infections (AII) Figure 41: Comparative indicators of the city's total area of the city's population for 10 years 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Somoni 325 220 231 40 188 100 109 68 93 Shohmansur 374 206 272 78 245 172 148 109 163 Firdavsi 488 328 368 148 278 185 172 126 149 Sino 979 620 636 215 421 372 306 183 283 89 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Figure 42: Comparative indicators of the total AII for the city's child population for 10 years. 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Somoni 124 161 16 140 73 82 61 80 Shohmansur 137 228 51 178 141 112 87 133 Firdavsi 225 279 106 199 142 133 89 119 Sino 354 491 149 231 267 228 152 208 255. AII is characterized not only by the high incidence, frequency of cases, but also by the high mortality rate most often in children under 1 year old. 256. Analyzing the situation of the incidence of acute respiratory infections in the adult and child population continues to be relevant for our country, although in recent years there has been a tendency to some decrease. The incidence of AII in the number of reported cases in the Sino area of adults and children is higher than in other regions. The incidence of Firdausi and Shohmansour does not exceed the average long-term value, although these indicators may not correspond to reality due to the fact that the population because of financial difficulties does not always go to the health facility, and accordingly are not registered. 257. Bacterial dysentery - spread via contact with the fecal matter of an infected person. 90 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Figure 43: Comparative indicators of bacterial dysentery of the city's districts of the whole population for 10 years. 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Somoni 0 0 0 121 96 25 53 28 40 9 Shohmansur 0 0 0 101 77 38 85 50 54 39 Firdavsi 0 0 0 124 98 29 80 52 60 1 Sino 0 0 0 331 213 76 213 114 114 16 Figure 44: Comparative indices of bacterial dysentery in the districts of the city of the child population for 10 years. 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Somoni 37 40 5 11 6 19 3 2 Shohmansur 41 42 14 27 22 24 22 21 Firdavsi 62 38 9 25 19 27 1 1 Sino 103 96 27 46 30 47 7 7 91 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 258. The incidence of bacterial dysentery is the highest among all districts of the city of Sino among the adult population and children in 2010-2011, followed by a decline to single cases. In this situation, you can also discuss issues of poor-quality diagnostics and registration. Measures to prevent bacterial dysentery include adherence to sanitary and hygienic standards in everyday life, monitoring the condition of water sources and cleaning sewage, in particular drainage treatment facilities. 259. Amoebiasis-amoeba Dysentery - Amoebiasis is usually transmitted by the fecal-oral route, but it can also be transmitted indirectly through contact with dirty hands or objects as well as by anal-oral contact. Figure 45: Comparative indices of amoebiasis of the city districts of the whole population for 10 years. 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Somoni 39 0 0 20 19 5 24 8 30 21 Shohmansur 43 0 0 30 21 9 19 14 28 23 Firdavsi 66 0 0 49 47 41 44 26 41 32 Sino 157 0 0 91 50 30 48 38 68 73 260. The high incidence of amoebiasis in the Sino area in comparison with other areas raises concerns about the unfavorable sanitary and hygienic situation and crowding of the population. In other parts of the city, there is also a tendency to increase the number of cases of this infection. 92 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Figure 46: Comparative indices of amoebiasis in the districts of the city of the child population for 10 years. 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Somoni 0 0 0 13 15 3 19 4 26 20 33 Shohmansur 1 0 0 23 15 6 11 12 26 22 28 Firdavsi 2 0 0 25 32 21 23 18 35 30 36 Sino 7 0 0 58 28 15 27 20 63 68 62 261. Hepatitis A - The virus spreads by the fecal–oral route, and infections often occur in conditions of poor sanitation and overcrowding. 93 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Figure 47: Comparative indicators of hepatitis A districts of the city of the whole population for 10 years 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Somoni 89 170 142 259 37 99 313 78 Shohmansur 121 202 172 260 44 91 423 86 Firdavsi 167 173 206 348 56 123 311 98 Sino 321 477 388 604 72 171 792 181 Figure 48: Comparative indicators of hepatitis A in the districts of the city of children in 10 years 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Somoni 87 156 132 233 30 90 308 73 Shohmansur 115 185 163 242 38 84 411 83 Firdavsi 133 152 194 327 52 119 301 95 Sino 300 449 363 567 68 169 765 176 262. According to the data presented in Figure 47 and Figure 48, the incidence of hepatitis A in the country remains at a fairly high level, especially among the children. Group outbreaks are often observed in children's school and preschool institutions. A high incidence of viral hepatitis A is registered in the Sino area, compared to other parts of the city. The 94 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination prevalence of hepatitis A is directly related to sanitation and communal landscaping, as well as the personal hygiene skills of children and adults. 263. Ascariasis - The source of infection is from objects which have been contaminated with fecal matter containing eggs. Transmission comes through municipal recycling of wastewater into crop fields. Figure 49: Comparative indicators of the incidence of ascaridosis in the city districts of the entire population over 10 years. 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Somoni 29 22 21 22 8 12 31 Shohmansur 54 58 42 48 57 67 53 Firdavsi 7 11 7 6 12 10 8 Sino 22 22 10 10 17 44 28 95 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Figure 50: Comparative indicators of the incidence of ascaridosis in the districts of the city of children in 10 years. 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Somoni 25 19 11 14 5 5 31 Shohmansur 47 42 34 34 33 34 53 Firdavsi 2 6 7 1 6 5 8 Sino 18 17 6 6 14 16 28 264. Considering the data given in the table in the context of the regions, it can be clearly seen that the incidence of ascariasis, especially of children, is high in the Shohmansour area. This can be linked to the poor sanitation services in the Project area and the fact that sewage water often overflows onto agricultural land. 265. Giardiasis - Giardiasis is transmitted via the fecal-oral route with the ingestion of cysts.[6] Primary routes are personal contact and contaminated water and food. 96 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Figure 51: Comparative indicators of the incidence of giardiasis in the city districts of the whole population over 10 years. 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Somoni 111 133 0 104 39 82 54 Shohmansur 190 156 0 128 68 94 80 Firdavsi 131 212 0 91 125 160 86 Sino 322 415 0 158 170 244 245 Figure 52: Comparative indicators of the incidence of giardiasis in the districts of the city of the child population for 10 years. 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Somoni 91 98 0 92 31 37 41 Shohmansur 152 121 0 112 51 44 56 Firdavsi 90 149 0 76 102 73 67 Sino 194 265 0 122 136 98 208 Rudaki District 97 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 266. Table 18 and Table 19 provide data for Rudaki district. Levels of Ascaridosis and Enterobiasis (pinworm) have increased significantly over the past five years. Table 18: Infectious Diseases of the District Population for 10 years. 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 bac.dysentery 198 164 171 200 93 80 148 123 199 303 239 ameb.dysentery 60 60 46 25 16 25 10 20 53 57 58 typhoid fever 188 227 203 86 18 14 16 11 94 5 5 hepatitis A 172 134 189 127 356 295 740 194 320 993 175 Acute intestinal infections 6075 5298 4670 3575 2411 917 2500 7160 8134 6741 7826 Table 19: Incidence of the Population of the District with parasitic diseases for 10 years. 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Ascaridosis 24 37 333 166 158 52 35 39 284 362 Enterobiasis 56 166 148 258 107 68 122 127 447 821 giardiasis 514 974 1212 609 399 0 259 304 640 465 Summary 267. The results of the study show that in most instances the district of Sino has the highest levels of water borne diseases. However, it should be noted that Sino district has the highest population of the four districts in Dushanbe. It is clear however that the incidence of ascariasis, especially of children, is high in the Shohmansour area. The levels of parasitic disease, including Ascaridosis also appear to be increasing in Rudaki. This can be linked to the poor sanitation services in the Project area. F.4.3 Physical and Cultural Resources 268. Within the Project area only two cemeteries have been identified that will be impacted by the laying of pipelines, see Table 20. Both cemeteries are within the area of the Ayni collector (SS-2 Reconstruction / rehabilitation and extension of Ayni collector). Table 20: PCR in the Project Area Community_ # Village Government Affected assets Remarks Pushteppa, 36 trees, stairs, To be replaced by the DVK. No 1 Lohuti Cemetery fence, foundation graves will be affected. Ayni St, Part of the retaining Wall will be restored. No graves 2 Dushanbe Cemetery wall will be affected. F.4.4 Noise & Vibration 269. Existing noise and vibration in the Project areas is generally dictated by the proximity of the various Project areas to major roads. Few point sources of elevated noise were noted 98 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination in the Project area with the exception of the identified rock crushing and concrete batching plants. 99 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination G. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures G.1 Introduction 270. This section of the IEE details the Projects potential impacts and proposes mitigation measures to limit any negative impacts identified. The first items discuss the types and phases of the impacts. The report then presents the impacts and mitigation in detail for the Project. 271. This section is discussed by construction package rather than by specific environmental or social characteristics, e.g. soils, hydrology, etc as this is considered easier to understand the specific issues relating to each package. Discussion of cumulative, induced and compliance impacts are also provided. G.2 Impact Phases and Types of Impacts 272. This impact assessment and mitigating measures cover the entire cycle of the project activities, from design, pre-construction, construction and operation and maintenance. 273. Potential impacts from projects such as water supply and sanitation projects may be classified as: Direct Impacts - i.e., those directly due to the project itself such as increased water abstraction. Indirect Impacts – i.e., those resulting from activities prompted by the project, but not directly attributable to it. Cumulative Impacts – i.e., impacts in conjunction with other activities. The Project itself may not exert a significant environmental impact, but if water supply projects are developed in the same area the cumulative or additive effect on, for example, water availability, could be large. 274. Impacts in all three categories may be either: Short-term – i.e., impacts which occur during construction and affect land use, air quality and other factors. Many of these impacts, however, will be short- lived and without long- lasting effects. Many potential short-term negative impacts can be avoided or otherwise mitigated through proper engineering designs and by requiring contractors to apply environmentally appropriate construction methods. Or; Long-term – i.e., impacts that could, for example, affect regional land use and development patterns and regional hydrology. Long-term negative impacts can also result from the loss of agricultural land to other land uses and air and water pollution. 275. Both short-term and long-term impacts may be either beneficial or adverse. Short-term positive impacts will include, for example, the generation of employment opportunities during construction period. Long-term benefits will include enhanced development opportunities, improved water quality, etc. 100 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination G.3 Water Supply – Package 1 G.3.1 Summary of Activities • Rehabilitation of 17 wells, 22 pumps and second stage pump stations at KAF-I. • Rehabilitation of 100 m of river bank flood protection structure at KAF-I. • Replacement of electrical cables and equipment at KAF-I. • Improving well buildings and service area at KAF-I. • Rehabilitation of Transformer TM400-2 unit at KAF-I. • Fencing the first sanitary protection zone at KAF-I. • Rehabilitation of the pump station building at KAF-I, replacement of existing pumps with more efficient pumps in accordance with water demands, replacement cables. • Rehabilitation of the chlorination building at KAF-I, installation of new chlorination equipment with automatic dosing system and control of residual chlorine. • New building construction at KAF-I with two room laboratory with sanitation facilities and two rooms for pump station operators. • Streamline connections of water collectors to the reservoirs in KAF-1, reconstruction of chambers, replacement of regulation valves, water metering in the production stage and water flow recording to reservoirs. • Construction of a new transmission lines from the KAF-1 pump station to the main chamber in Ayni street and current Bahori reservoirs with approximate length 10.4 km. • District metering areas (DMAs): (i) establishing DMAs A-1,A-2,A-3,A-4 with full replacement of distribution network, household connections, smart water metering, booster pump station, approximate length of distribution pipes are 28,0km (ii) separation of the DMAs from the main network system’s connection, metering facilities installation for DMAs A-5,6,7,8,C9,A10. • SCADA system for DMAs. G.3.2 Potential Impacts Design / Pre-construction Phase 276. Water Supply - When designing a water supply system, selection of a source is one of the most responsible tasks as it significantly determines nature of the system, inclusion of certain facilities and, consequently, cost of construction and operation. Sources of water supply must correspond to the following key standards: • Ensure acquisition of necessary quantities of water taking into account water consumption growth and long-term facilities development; • Ensure uninterrupted water supply to consumers; • Provide quality of water that maximally corresponds to consumers’ needs or allows for achieving the required quality by simple and inexpensive purification of water; • Have enough capacity so water intake does not disrupt the existing eco-system. 277. According to Table 12 (summarised below by Table 21), the actual and designed capacity of KAF-I is well below the potential water availability and no impacts to the existing eco- system are anticipated. The Project will also ensure water supply on a 24/7 basis. Table 21: Water Availability – KAF-I Source Production (m3/yr) 101 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Design Actual Potential KAF-I 65,700,000 47,926,430 99,645,000 278. Water Quality - Although the water quality results provided by DVK do not indicated that there are current water quality issues in the KAF-I network, cleaning wells and the removal of old pipelines should ensure this remains the case. 279. Sanitary Protection Zones - The PPS indicated that SPZ-1 was already defined but that this area needed to be fenced to ensure no encroachment on this land. It also noted that SPZ-2 and SPZ-3 had not been defined. Consultations with DVK and site visits indicate that the actual area of SPZ-1 is not accurately defined and it is hard to tell exactly where SPZ-1 is located which would make fencing and securing of this area difficult during the implementation phase. It is also noted that concrete batching plants are located adjacent to the site. According to SanPiN 2.1.5.006-07 this type of activity is prohibited in an SPZ. 280. Riverbank Protection - Designs for the riverbank protection works have not yet been prepared for the Project and the materials to be used have not yet been defined. It is assumed they will be similar to the existing reinforced concrete wall backfilled with aggregates. 281. Land Acquisition and Compensation – Construction of pipelines may impact upon crops and land within the Project area. A LARP has been prepared for Packages 1, 2 and 3. Error! Reference source not found. and Error! Reference source not found. summarize the impact on land and crops for all packages as per the LARP. Table 22: Impact on Land No No Affected Land category/ cultivation of of Land use right area (m2) DHs DPs Residential land 480 4 15 Illegal use Organization-right-to- Commercial land (Bazaar) 602 0 0 use land Organization-right-to- Petrol station 350 0 0 use land Total 1,432 4 15 Table 23: Impact on Crops Total Affected No of Type of crops No of DPs area (m2) area (m2) DHs Collective Wheat 126,000 6,180 3 farm Collective Cotton 180,000 3,900 2 farm Collective Lucerne 207,500 20,970 8 farm Collective Cabbage 10,000 380 1 farm Potatoes 28,600 1,560 6 12 Collective Maize 36,000 800 3 farm 102 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Total Affected No of Type of crops No of DPs area (m2) area (m2) DHs Collective Onion 9,200 200 1 farm Collective Vegetables 22,900 2,320 9 farm Collective Carrot 3,600 480 4 farm Empty land (average crop Collective 36,000 800 4 counted) farm 40 (without Total 659,800 37,590 12 double counting) DH – Displaced Household DP – Displaced Persons Construction Phase 282. Traffic and Access - Construction of the transmission pipelines along existing road corridors could result in temporary disruptions to traffic and blocked access to homes and businesses. 283. Labour - Small crews of workers will be used for project works and it is anticipated that they will mainly be locally contracted workers. No construction camp facilities will be required, or project specific accommodation. 284. PCR – No PCR has been identified in the Project area. However, chance finds during excavation works are possible. 285. Soil Contamination - As noted in Section E.2, the alignment of some pipelines will be moved from beneath two petrol stations as was originally planned. Although there were no visible signs of contamination in these areas it is possible that contaminated soils could still be found in the vicinity of the petrol station during the excavation of trenches for the pipelines if this alignment option is chosen. 286. Waste Management - Removal and disposal of old equipment, including the existing chlorination tank will be required during the construction phase. These items will need to be either recycled or disposed of. Some of the pumping equipment will be contaminated by oils and will need to be cleaned before it can be disposed of as non-hazardous waste, or recycled. Some of the well house roofs are made from corrugated asbestos sheets. These will also need to be removed and disposed of at a suitable location. Spoil material and other construction waste will also be produced during the pipeline laying works. 287. Electrical Equipment - Installation of power equipment may result in accidents to workers if they do not have suitable equipment (including PPE) and qualifications for the job. 288. Riverbank Protection - Works will be required adjacent to the Kafarnigan river which is already heavily disturbed by the extraction of river bed materials in and around this area as illustrated by Figure 9. Poor management of construction activities, e.g. spills and leaks of hazardous liquids, could further degrade the river. 103 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 289. Noise and Air Quality - Transport of materials and equipment to KAF-I will generate dust along the unpaved access road to the site. The number of trucks delivering materials and equipment is not anticipated to be more that ten or so per day. This is not considered significant given the fact that many trucks also use this road to move aggregates and cement from sites close to KAF-I. Construction of pipelines will result in some elevated, short term and localized noise levels and air quality issues as trenches are excavated, vehicles deliver equipment and roads are rehabilitated. 290. Pipeline Pollutants - Newly constructed or repaired water mains, tanks and reservoirs can contain pollutants that accumulate during construction. 291. Disruptions to Water Supply – During the construction works there could be temporary disruptions to water supply. Operational Phase 292. Beneficial Impacts - During the operational phase of the Project impacts are anticipated to be overwhelmingly beneficial. The impacts include: • 24/7 Water Supply in the Project area. • The network will become a standalone system, supplied only by water from KAF-I. During periods of high water demand surface water from the Varzob will no longer be mixed with the supply from KAF-I which is often compromised by high water turbidity in the Varzob during heavy rainfall events. This will result in better quality water being supplied to the Project area. • Improved Chlorination Facilities – The new facilities will regulate the dosage of chlorine meaning there will be less wastage of chlorine and no overdosing in the system. • Improved Laboratory Facilities – The improved facilities primarily include a new building to house the existing monitoring equipment. However, initial discussions with the laboratory staff suggest that new testing equipment would also improve the testing procedures. • Control over SPZ – If SPZ-1, 2 and 3 are defined, the City will be able to better control the activities within the SPZ and ensure that there are no activities within these zones (both now and in the future) that may lead to pollution of the groundwater. It is also likely that extraction of gravels from the Kafarnigan would be prohibited within the SPZ. • Climate Proofing from Floods – Forecasts outlined in the PPS suggest that flash floods in the Kafarnigan may occur more frequently in the future as a result of more frequent and intense rainfall events. Rehabilitation of the riverbank protection will help protect KAF-I from any future flash flood events. 293. Operation and Maintenance - The operation and maintenance of the facilities of KAF-I will be undertaken by the existing staff. New chlorination and electrical supply systems will be installed at the site. The existing staff may not have the skills or training to operate this new equipment, which could lead to accidents involving DVK staff. Chlorine needs careful handling because it is a highly toxic and reactive substance It forms flammable and explosive mixtures with some organic and inorganic substances. 294. Earthquakes – Earthquakes could impact upon new pipelines and pipeline joints. G.3.3 Mitigation and Management Measures Design / Pre-construction Phase 104 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 295. Sanitary Protection Zone - DVK is responsible for ensuring the safe supply of water to its customers. It is of upmost importance that all zones of the SPZ are defined to prevent any pollution of the groundwater and that no prohibited activities are currently within the SPZ, or are constructed within the SPZ in the future which may compromise water quality. Accordingly DVK needs to follow the procedures defined in Section B.3.7 – Sanitary Protection Zones to define and establish the SPZ. After the SPZ is established DVK can then start work on fencing SPZ-1. 296. Electrical Equipment – All new transformers and substations shall be designed with suitable safety measures, including fencing around the areas to ensure no unauthorized access to these areas. Ideally dry transformers should be considered for the Project which would eliminate the potential risks involved with leaks of oil from the units. If oil containing transformers are selected they will require containment measures to built around them to collect any leak of transformer oils. The containment area, or ‘bund’ shall comprise an impermeable base backfilled with a layer of clean, washed stone free of dirt and fines, averaging 2-4cm in size to help limit the impact of any fires. Fire safety procedures for shall also be established for the site as part of its Emergency Response Plan. 297. Chlorine Management – The design of the liquid chlorination facility should be in-line with international best practice, for example: Safe Handling of Chlorine From Drums and Cylinders (second edition), Health and Safety Executive, 2009. 298. Specific Environmental Management Plan – The Contractor will be responsible for the preparation of his SEMP prior to the start of any construction works at KAF-I. Construction works cannot commence until the Project Implementation Group (PIG) approves the SEMP. The requirements for the SEMP are provided in Section H.5 - SEMP. The SEMP will include the following Topic Specific Plans: • Waste Management Plan. • OHS Plan. • Spill Response Plan. • Air Quality Management Plan. • Noise Management Plan. • Hazardous Materials Management Plan (including method statement on the safe removal, storage and disposal of Asbestos). • Traffic Management Plan. • Hazardous Materials Management Plan. • Chance Find Procedure. In addition, the Contractor will be responsible for the preparation of the following site specific plan: • Riverbank Works Plan. 299. Earthquakes - Materials for new pipes and joints linking pipe segments should have a high earthquake resistance (use of state-of-the-art technology, if costs are not significantly higher). They must at least adhere to the current earthquake building standards (SNiP). 300. Petrol Stations – Alternatives have been proposed for the realignment of pipelines around petrol stations (see Section E.2) to avoid potentially contaminated areas. In addition to this measure, any pipelines constructed around petrol stations will be double-walled to further limit any future impacts to the pipelines from spills or leaks of fuel from the petrol stations. 105 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Construction Phase 301. General – Follow the Water Supply Construction Principles outlined in Section C.1.2. 302. Air Quality - Air quality impacts will be managed by the Contractor through the implementation of the following mitigation measures which shall be included as part of his Air Quality Management Plan: • Exhaust emissions - No equipment using any fuel that may produce air pollutants, including mobile generators, will be installed without consent of the Engineer. Construction equipment will be maintained to a good standard and fitted with pollution control devices which will be regularly monitored by the Engineer. • Open burning of waste materials - No burning of debris or other materials will occur on the site. • Dust generated from haul roads, unpaved roads, material stock piles, etc: ▪ The Contractor will ensure that material stockpiles will be located in sheltered areas and be covered with tarpaulins or other such suitable covering to prevent material becoming airborne. ▪ All trucks used for transporting materials to and from the sites will be covered with canvas tarpaulins, or other acceptable type cover (which will be properly secured) to prevent debris and/or materials from falling from or being blown off the vehicle(s). ▪ Effective use of water sprays will be implemented (e.g., Carry out watering for dust control at least 3 times a day: in the morning, at noon, and in the afternoon during dry weather with temperatures of over 25°C, or in windy weather. Avoid overwatering as this may make the surrounding muddy). All water used for controlling dust will be free of odor and pollution. 303. Noise – During the construction phase the Contractor will be responsible for the following: • Time and Activity Constraints, i.e., operations will be scheduled to coincide with periods when people would least likely be affected; work hours and work days will be limited to less noise-sensitive times. Hours-of-work will be approved by the Engineer having due regard for possible noise disturbance to the local residents or other activities. Construction activities will be strictly prohibited between 10 PM and 7 AM in the residential areas. When operating close to sensitive areas (within 250 meters) such as medical facilities and schools, the Contractor’s hours of working shall be limited to 8 AM to 6 PM; • Give notice as early as possible to sensitive receptors for periods of noisier works such as excavation. Describe the activities and how long they are expected to take. Keep affected neighbours informed of progress. • Within normal working hours, where it is reasonable to do so: o schedule noisy activities for less sensitive times. o provide periods of respite from noisier works (for example, periodic breaks from jackhammer noise). • The weekend/evening periods are important for community rest and recreation and provide respite when noisy work has been conducted throughout the week. Accordingly, work should not usually be scheduled during these times. • All mechanical plant is to be silenced by the best practical means using current technology. Mechanical plant, including noise-suppression devices, should be maintained to the manufacturer’s specifications. Internal combustion engines are to be fitted with a suitable muffler in good repair. 106 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination • Fit all pneumatic tools with an effective silencer on their air exhaust port. • Install less noisy movement/reversing warning systems for equipment and vehicles that will operate for extended periods, during sensitive times or in close proximity to sensitive sites. Occupational health and safety requirements for use of warning systems must be followed. • Turn off plant when not being used. • All vehicular movements to and from the site to only occur during the scheduled normal working hours, unless approval has been granted by the Engineer. • Where possible, no truck associated with the work should be left standing with its engine operating in a street adjacent to a residential area. • Provision of noise protection kits such as ear plug, earmuff, for workers who are working in the area with noise level is higher than 85 dB(A). 304. Pipeline Excavations and Pipeline laying - Any deep excavations in unstable soils will be shored by the Contractor, and below grade construction brought to grade quickly, then excavations closed. Surface soils should be temporarily graded-to-drain and protected as necessary to reduce erosion and sediment runoff. 305. The contractor should conduct pipeline laying in a manner that has minimum impact on the health, safety and convenience of businesses, residences and users of the street area. This includes the following: • Minimize the period of time that a segment of excavation is kept open by not allowing trenching to outpace pipe laying by more than a day or so. Trenches should be back- filled and ground leveled after installation of piping. • Place only bedding and pipe materials at the location that will be used within the next few days work, well out of the line of traffic. Clean up and remove from the site any excess spoil, wood used for shoring and construction materials upon completion of the segment. Compact soil in trench and clean surrounding pavement areas to reduce blowing dust. • Provide temporary bridging across the trench at entries to residences and businesses. Otherwise, provide tape barriers to reduce the possibility of an accident. • Once work is complete on a segment, pavement surfaces and masonry works (curbs, abutments, stairs, drains, drives, etc.) should be repaired and returned to original condition. All roadway surfaces should be repaired as construction progresses; bid packages will contain a unit bid price for roadway repair, and for repair of any other facility, structure or surface that is likely to be damaged in quantity during construction. 306. The construction approach will minimize the time that any one segment is under construction or roadway/walkway left un-repaired to reduce the construction impact, done by limiting the length of open trench to 100 m or less. 307. The public will be barred from construction areas, and excavations will be fenced and sign posted. Workers should not be allowed to enter trenches deeper than waist height unless they are properly shored. 308. The Contractor will strictly follow his Traffic Management Plan (TMP) which will outline haul routes and safety measures. The TMP will also describe the method for provision of access in roads where trenches are being excavated. Where practical roads shall remain open at all times, which may result in one-way traffic controlled by flagmen. If any diversions are required, they should be outlined in the TMP. 107 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 309. Some trees may need to be cut to accommodate pipelines. Where this occurs on private land, owners will be compensated per the LARP (only fruit trees). Where tree cutting occurs on public land the Contractor will follow the procedures for tree cutting as stipulated by the CEP - Elaboration of permit for the cutting of trees in the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan (except the Forest Fund lands).16 310. Where practical the Contractor shall remove existing trees and replant them within the vicinity of the pipeline so as to cause minimal impact. Where this is not possible the Contractor shall discuss with CEP alternative locations for the re-planting of the trees. 311. Where trees will be cut they shall be replaced on a 1:3 basis. The replaced trees shall be the same as the trees cut. The Contractor will be responsible for maintaining the trees for a six month period. If any of the trees die within this period, the Contractor will replace the tree on a 1:1 basis. 312. In addition to the above, the Contractor shall ensure that: • Pipelines are laid after the harvest in order to minimize impacts to crops and livelihoods. • Spoil material from pipeline trenches around petrol stations will be tested for soil contamination before final disposal. The final disposal locations will be determined based on the results of the soil sampling. Any spoil material classified as hazardous will be disposed of at appropriately licensed facilities. 313. Pipeline Pollutants – Pipelines can be disinfected through chlorination. Initial chlorine concentrations shall be made high enough (about 50 mg/l) to overcome the chlorine demand of contaminants. Chlorination is repeated until residual chlorine is one mg/l, after which the structure is flushed out before being placed into use. Installation contracts shall include a bid item for disinfection of installed piping. 314. Interruptions to Water Supply – The Contractor will be responsible for informing the public 24 hours in advance of any periods where water supply will be interrupted for more than one hour. 315. Waste Management - To ensure waste management is adequately controlled during the construction phase of the Project, the Contractor shall be responsible for ensuring that the waste hierarchy is followed including prevention, minimization, reuse and recycling. Specifically the Contractor will be responsible for the following measures: • Implementation of the Waste Management Plan (WMP) – The WMP shall include items relating to the safe handling and management of: i. Domestic waste ii. Food waste iii. Recycled Waste iv. Plastic v. Metals vi. Wood vii. Construction Waste viii. Hazardous Waste (including asbestos) 16 Approved by Head of Environmental Protection Committee under the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan Kh. Ibodzoda. Dated from 10.01.2017. 108 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination ix. Liquid Waste • Recycling and Reuse – Where possible, surplus materials will be reused or recycled – this should include wood, plastic, metal and glass. A plan for the recycling of materials should be included in the WMP. • Storage of Hazardous Wastes – Oils, fuels and chemicals are substances which are hazardous to human health. They need to be stored properly in correctly labeled containers at construction areas. Oil and fuel will only be kept in small quantities on site should be stored in mobile bunds to contain spillage (the bund should be able to contain at least 110% of the volume of the largest storage tank within the bund). The Contractor shall also prepare, as part of his SEMP, a spill response plan for the management of any spills over 10 liters and provide spill kits at all work sites. • Waste Disposal – Waste, both hazardous and non-hazardous, shall be collected and disposed of by a licensed waste management contractor. The Contractor will keep copies of the waste management company’s licenses on file at his site office. The Contractor shall also keep a record of the waste volumes and types removed from the site and the waste transfer notes provided by the waste management contractor. • Asbestos – The Contractor will be responsible for the preparation and implementation of a method statement for the safe removal, storage and disposal of asbestos containing materials from the site. A sample method statement is provided by Appendix B. The statement should follow international best practice, for example; HSE A14 - Asbestos Essentials. Asbestos materials shall only be disposed of at a hazardous waste landfill site. 316. Occupational Health and Safety - An Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Plan shall be prepared by the Contractor to manage worker safety on-site during the construction phase of the Project. The OHS Plan shall address the following issues: • OHS Risk Assessment. The assessment will identify all hazards in the workplace, assess the significance of the risks and propose measures to eliminate or control the risks. The risk assessment needs to include all sources of hazards, including those associated with transport around the site, access to plant and security. • Safety Training Program. A Safety Training Program is required and shall consist of: i. Initial Safety Induction Course. All new staff shall be required to attend a safety induction course before they can access the site. ii. Periodic Safety Training. Period safety training shall be conducted not less than once every six months. All employees will be required to participate in relevant training courses appropriate to the nature, scale and duration of their works. • Safety Inspections. The Contractor shall regularly inspect, test and maintain all safety equipment, scaffolds, guardrails, working platforms, hoists, ladders and other means of access, lifting, lighting, signing and guarding equipment. Lights and signs shall be kept clear of obstructions and legible to read. Equipment, which is damaged, dirty, incorrectly positioned or not in working order, shall be repaired or replaced immediately. • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) – Workers shall be provided (before they start work) with of appropriate PPE suitable for electrical work such as safety boots, helmets, gloves, protective clothes, goggles, and ear protection at no cost to the workers. • Movable sanitary facilities should be provided at the work site and kept clean, free of odors and usable. 317. Riverbank Protection – Rehabilitation of the riverbank protection will have short term impacts to the river while the works are implemented. However, the works are unlikely to 109 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination have a significant impact on fish given the generally degraded nature of the river in this area, and the fact that works will only be undertaken along a short area of the riverbank (approximately 100 meters). 318. Sheet piles will be erected between the work site and the river to prevent the ingress of water at the work site. There are no residential properties within 400 meters that would be affected by noise or vibration from these works. 319. The Contractor will be responsible for the following activities during the construction phase to mitigate impacts associated with the riverbank protection works: • Ensure no waste materials are dumped in the river, including re-enforced concrete debris. • Place mobile generators more than 20 meters from the river. • Ensure that no wet concrete waste is dumped in the river. • Ensure that no hazardous liquids are placed within 10 meters of the river. • Ensure that workers are provided with correct PPE including hi-vis life vests. • During piling works ensure that pumped water is filtered through a silt trap before being discharged to the river. • Provide areas where concrete mixers can wash out leftover concrete without polluting the environment. This may be in the form of a lined settling pond. • Undertake works outside of fish spawning periods. Operational Phase 320. General Environmental, Health and Safety Measures – As noted above, impacts in the operational phase of the Project are mainly beneficial. The potential negative issue in the operational phase relate to emergencies and occupational health and safety, which are discussed below. 321. Emergency Response Plan – DVK will be responsible for preparation of an Emergency Response Plan (ERP) for the site which will include sections relating to: • Containment of hazardous materials; • Oil, fuel and liquid chlorine spills; • Fire and explosions; • Community Health and Safety; • Work-site accidents; and • Earthquake and Floods. 322. The plan will detail the process for handling, and subsequently reporting, emergencies, and specify the organizational structure (including responsibilities of nominated personnel). 323. Occupational Health and Safety Plan - An Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Plan shall be prepared by DVK to manage worker safety on-site during the operational phase of the Project. The OHS Plan shall include the following items: • OHS Risk Assessment. The assessment will identify all hazards in the workplace, assess the significance of the risks and propose measures to eliminate or control the risks. The risk assessment needs to include all sources of hazards, including those associated with transport around the site, access to plant and security. • Safety Training Program. A Safety Training Program is required and shall consist of: 110 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination i. Initial Safety Induction Course. All new staff shall be required to attend a safety induction course before they can access the site. ii. Periodic Safety Training Courses. Period safety course shall be conducted not less than once every six months. All employees will be required to participate in relevant training courses appropriate to the nature, scale and duration of their works. • Safety Inspections. DVK shall regularly inspect, test and maintain all safety equipment, scaffolds, guardrails, working platforms, hoists, ladders and other means of access, lifting, lighting, signing and guarding equipment. Lights and signs shall be kept clear of obstructions and legible to read. Equipment, which is damaged, dirty, incorrectly positioned or not in working order, shall be repaired or replaced immediately. • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) – Workers shall be provided (before they start work) with of appropriate PPE suitable for electrical work such as safety boots, helmets, gloves, protective clothes, goggles, and ear protection at no cost to the workers. • Operational procedure for the management of liquid Chlorine (see below). • Operational procedure for working with electrical equipment, including transformers. • A plan for annual medicals to test workers general health. 324. Chlorine Management Plan – DVK shall be responsible for preparing a plan for the safe management of liquid chlorine. The plan should comprise sections relating to: • Risk Assessment. • Design and Location of Installation. • Procedures and Training. • PPE and First Aid. • Emergency Situations. 325. Chlorine management should be in-line with international best practice, for example: Safe Handling of Chlorine From Drums and Cylinders (second edition), Health and Safety Executive, 2009. 326. Training & PPE - Training programs will need to be provided to staff by the new equipment manufacturers, e.g. for the management of new chlorination facilities. Suitable health and safety equipment must also be provided at the facility to ensure the correct handling and management of liquid chlorine. 327. SPZ – Once defined, the relevant government agencies will be responsible for controlling the activities within the SPZ and ensuring compliance with the SPZ. G.3.4 Residual Impacts Residual Impact Significance Construction Phase – MINOR If the mitigation measures suggested are implemented, the residual impacts of the Project will be minor. Operational Phase – LOW 111 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination If the mitigation measures suggested are implemented, the residual impacts of the Project will be low. However, it is important, that once the SPZ is defined, the relevant authorities ensure that no prohibited activities are present within these zones. G.4 Water Supply – Package 2 G.4.1 Summary of Activities • Transmission Line: Replacement of transmission lines from the main chamber in Ayni street to the third lift pump stations Hovaron and 191 micro district with approximate length 2.4 km, including chambers for the connection of pump stations and DMAs C11, C17 and B16. • Construction of a new transmission line from rehabilitated pump station Hovaron to the new reservoir in Zebunisso and distribution system. • Rehabilitation/repair of one of two existing pipelines DN 500 SL from KAF-I to Mirzobek village with approximate length 2.8 km, with reconnection of Sabzikor, Gulkoron, Halkagar, Chinoro-2, Mirzobek villages distribution mains in the metering chambers, connection with the SCADA system. • Rehabilitation of pump station Hovaron: Reconstruction of pump station building, replacement of 4 unit pumps with capacity Q350m3/h, H90m, set of electro-mechanical equipment including transformer TM400 • Construction/rehabilitation 2 monolithic concrete reinforced reservoirs, each with with 2,000 m3 in Zebunisso mahalla, with sanitary protection zones. Analysis of the geo- technical situation at the reservoir site to investigate the risk of potential subsidence and/or landslide, Formulation of preventive measures in the design and construction stage. • District metering areas (DMAs): (i) establishing DMAs A-14,AB-15 with full replacement of distribution network, household connections, water metering, booster pump station approximate length of distribution pipes are 29.5km (ii) separation of the DMAs from the main network system’s connection, metering facilities installation for DMAs A10,10-1,A- 11,12, C11,17, B 16, • SCADA system for DMAs and connection with DVK’s NIS. G.4.2 Potential Impacts Design / Pre-construction Phase 328. Sanitary Protection Zones – A SPZ will need to be established for the new reservoir in Zebunisso. This will ensure that no potentially polluting activities can affect the reservoir in the future. Construction Phase 329. Traffic and Access - Construction of the transmission pipelines along existing road corridors could result in temporary disruptions to traffic and blocked access to homes and businesses. 112 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 330. Noise & Air Quality – Construction of the reservoir and pipelines will result in some elevated, localized noise levels and air quality issues as portions of the reservoir are excavated and removed, trenches are excavated and vehicles deliver equipment and construction works progress. 331. Labour – Small crews of workers will be used for these works and it is anticipated that they will mainly be locally contracted workers. No construction camp facilities will be required, or project specific accommodation. Some facilities will be needed at the reservoir site, such as a site office, but these will be temporary and located within the boundary of the site. 332. Waste Management – Removal and disposal of old equipment from the pumping stations will be required. These items will need to be either recycled or disposed of. Some of the pumping equipment will be contaminated by oils and will need to be cleaned before it can be disposed of as non-hazardous waste, or recycled. The Hovaron pumping station roof is made from corrugated asbestos sheets. These will also need to be removed and disposed of at a suitable location. Some asbestos piping was also observed at some of the reservoir sites. These pipes will also need to be removed. 333. Spoil material will be generated from the excavation works associated with the construction of the new reservoir in Zebunisso. The exact volumes are not known at this stage, but the material will need to be transported from the site to a suitable spoil disposal area. 334. PCR – No PCR has been identified in the Project area. However, chance finds during excavation works are possible. 335. Disruptions to Water Supply – During the construction works there could be temporary disruptions to water supply. 336. Pipeline Pollutants - Newly constructed or repaired water mains, tanks and reservoirs can contain pollutants that accumulate during construction. Operational Phase 337. Earthquakes – Earthquakes could impact upon the reservoir structures. 338. Landslides – Portions of the Project area where the activities are planned could be affected by minor landslides. Pipelines may be damaged if they are located on unstable land. G.4.3 Mitigation and Management Measures Design / Pre-construction Phase 339. Sanitary Protection Zone – DVK shall follow the procedures defined in Section B.3.7 – Sanitary Protection Zones to define and establish Sanitary Protection Zones. 340. Landslides – Designs shall take into account the potential landslide areas in the Project area and ensure that, where practical, pipelines are not constructed in these areas. 341. Earthquakes - Materials for new pipes and joints linking pipe segments should have a high earthquake resistance (use of state-of-the-art technology, if costs are not significantly higher). They must at least adhere to the current earthquake building standards (SNiP). 113 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 342. Specific Environmental Management Plan – The Contractor will be responsible for the preparation of his SEMP prior to the start of any construction works. Construction works cannot commence until the SEMP is approved by the Project Implementation Group (PIG). The requirements for the SEMP are provided in Section H.5 – SEMP. The SEMP will include the following Topic Specific Plans: • Waste Management Plan. • OHS Plan. • Air Quality Management Plan. • Traffic Management Plan. • Noise Management Plan. • Spill Prevention Plan. • Hazardous Materials Management Plan (including method statement on the safe removal, storage and disposal of Asbestos). • Chance Find Procedure. Construction Phase 343. General – Follow the Water Supply Construction Principles outlined in Section C.1.2. 344. Air Quality – Air quality impacts will be managed by the Contractor through the implementation of the following mitigation measures which shall be included as part of the Air Quality Management Plan: • Exhaust emissions – No equipment using any fuel that may produce air pollutants, including mobile generators, will be installed without consent of the Engineer. Construction equipment will be maintained to a good standard and fitted with pollution control devices which will be regularly monitored by the Engineer. • Open burning of waste materials – No burning of debris or other materials will occur on the site. • Dust generated from haul roads, unpaved roads, material stock piles, etc: ▪ The Contractor will ensure that material stockpiles will be located in sheltered areas and be covered with tarpaulins or other such suitable covering to prevent material becoming airborne. ▪ All trucks used for transporting materials to and from the sites will be covered with canvas tarpaulins, or other acceptable type cover (which will be properly secured) to prevent debris and/or materials from falling from or being blown off the vehicle(s). ▪ Effective use of water sprays will be implemented (e.g., Carry out watering for dust control at least 3 times a day: in the morning, at noon, and in the afternoon during dry weather with temperatures of over 25°C, or in windy weather. Avoid overwatering as this may make the surrounding muddy). All water used for controlling dust will be free of odor and pollution. 345. Waste Management - To ensure waste management is adequately controlled during the construction phase of the Project, the Contractor shall be responsible for ensuring that the waste hierarchy is followed including prevention, minimization, reuse and recycling. Specifically the Contractor will be responsible for the following measures: • Implementation of the Waste Management Plan (WMP) – The WMP shall include items relating to the safe handling and management of: i. Domestic waste ii. Food waste iii. Recycled Waste 114 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination iv. Plastic v. Metals vi. Wood vii. Construction Waste viii. Hazardous Waste (including asbestos) ix. Liquid Waste • Recycling and Reuse – Where possible, surplus materials will be reused or recycled – this should include wood, plastic, metal and glass. A plan for the recycling of materials should be included in the WMP. • Storage of Hazardous Wastes – Oils, fuels and chemicals are substances which are hazardous to human health. They need to be stored properly in correctly labeled containers at construction areas. Oil and fuel will only be kept in small quantities on site should be stored in mobile bunds to contain spillage (the bund should be able to contain at least 110% of the volume of the largest storage tank within the bund). The Contractor shall also prepare, as part of his SEMP, a spill response plan for the management of any spills over 10 liters and provide spill kits at all work sites. • Waste Disposal – Waste, both hazardous and non-hazardous, shall be collected and disposed of by a licensed waste management contractor. The Contractor will keep copies of the waste management company’s licenses on file at his site office. The Contractor shall also keep a record of the waste volumes and types removed from the site and the waste transfer notes provided by the waste management contractor. • Asbestos – The Contractor will be responsible for the preparation and implementation of a method statement for the safe removal, storage and disposal of asbestos containing materials from the site. A sample method statement is provided by Appendix B. The statement should follow international best practice, for example; HSE A14 - Asbestos Essentials. Asbestos materials shall only be disposed of at a hazardous waste landfill site. 346. Regarding waste spoil material from the Zebunisso reservoir: • Spoil material should be stored within the site boundary and constructed as low, flat elongated stockpiles where possible and no greater than two meters in height. • Stockpiles shall not be located close to steep slopes. • Stockpiles shall only be allowed on DVK owned land, i.e. within the site boundary. • Stockpiles shall not be located within 50 meters of any water course. • Erosion and sedimentation controls will be erected between the stockpiles and downslope areas. • During dry periods stockpiles will be watered to reduce dust impacts. • A maximum of 200 m2 of spoil material will be allowed on site at any time. • Spoil material from excavation works at the reservoirs will be removed to a licensed landfill. • All trucks transporting spoil to off site locations shall be covered with tarpaulins before leaving the site. • Traffic associated with spoil generation will be managed in accordance with mitigation measures outlined in the Traffic Management Plan. 347. Occupational Health and Safety - An Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Plan shall be prepared by the Contractor to manage worker safety on-site during the construction phase of the Project. The OHS Plan shall address the following issues: • OHS Risk Assessment. The assessment will identify all hazards in the workplace, assess the significance of the risks and propose measures to eliminate or control the 115 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination risks. The risk assessment needs to include all sources of hazards, including those associated with transport around the site, access to plant and security. • Safety Training Program. A Safety Training Program is required and shall consist of: i. Initial Safety Induction Course. All new staff shall be required to attend a safety induction course before they can access the site. ii. Periodic Safety Training. Period safety training shall be conducted not less than once every six months. All employees will be required to participate in relevant training courses appropriate to the nature, scale and duration of their works. • Safety Inspections. The Contractor shall regularly inspect, test and maintain all safety equipment, scaffolds, guardrails, working platforms, hoists, ladders and other means of access, lifting, lighting, signing and guarding equipment. Lights and signs shall be kept clear of obstructions and legible to read. Equipment, which is damaged, dirty, incorrectly positioned or not in working order, shall be repaired or replaced immediately. • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) – Workers shall be provided (before they start work) with of appropriate PPE suitable for electrical work such as safety boots, helmets, gloves, protective clothes, goggles, and ear protection at no cost to the workers. • Movable sanitary facilities should be provided at the work site and kept clean, free of odors and usable. 348. Noise – During the construction phase the Contractor will be responsible for the following: • Time and Activity Constraints, i.e., operations will be scheduled to coincide with periods when people would least likely be affected; work hours and work days will be limited to less noise-sensitive times. Hours-of-work will be approved by the Engineer having due regard for possible noise disturbance to the local residents or other activities. Construction activities will be strictly prohibited between 10 PM and 7 AM in the residential areas. When operating close to sensitive areas (within 250 meters) such as medical facilities and schools, the Contractor’s hours of working shall be limited to 8 AM to 6 PM; • Give notice as early as possible to sensitive receptors for periods of noisier works such as excavation. Describe the activities and how long they are expected to take. Keep affected neighbours informed of progress. • Within normal working hours, where it is reasonable to do so: o schedule noisy activities for less sensitive times. o provide periods of respite from noisier works (for example, periodic breaks from jackhammer noise). • The weekend/evening periods are important for community rest and recreation and provide respite when noisy work has been conducted throughout the week. Accordingly, work should not usually be scheduled during these times. • All mechanical plant is to be silenced by the best practical means using current technology. Mechanical plant, including noise-suppression devices, should be maintained to the manufacturer’s specifications. Internal combustion engines are to be fitted with a suitable muffler in good repair. • Fit all pneumatic tools with an effective silencer on their air exhaust port. • Install less noisy movement/reversing warning systems for equipment and vehicles that will operate for extended periods, during sensitive times or in close proximity to sensitive sites. Occupational health and safety requirements for use of warning systems must be followed. • Turn off plant when not being used. 116 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination • All vehicular movements to and from the site to only occur during the scheduled normal working hours, unless approval has been granted by the Engineer. • Where possible, no truck associated with the work should be left standing with its engine operating in a street adjacent to a residential area. • Provision of noise protection kits such as ear plug, earmuff, for workers who are working in the area with noise level is higher than 85 dB(A). 349. Pipeline Excavations and Pipeline laying - Any deep excavations in unstable soils will be shored by the Contractor, and below grade construction brought to grade quickly, then excavations closed. Surface soils should be temporarily graded-to-drain and protected as necessary to reduce erosion and sediment runoff. 350. The contractor should conduct pipeline laying in a manner that has minimum impact on the health, safety and convenience of businesses, residences and users of the street area. This includes the following: • Minimize the period of time that a segment of excavation is kept open by not allowing trenching to outpace pipe laying by more than a day or so. Trenches should be back- filled and ground leveled after installation of piping. • Place only bedding and pipe materials at the location that will be used within the next few days work, well out of the line of traffic. Clean up and remove from the site any excess spoil, wood used for shoring and construction materials upon completion of the segment. Compact soil in trench and clean surrounding pavement areas to reduce blowing dust. • Provide temporary bridging across the trench at entries to residences and businesses. Otherwise, provide tape barriers to reduce the possibility of an accident. • Once work is complete on a segment, pavement surfaces and masonry works (curbs, abutments, stairs, drains, drives, etc.) should be repaired and returned to original condition. All roadway surfaces should be repaired as construction progresses; bid packages will contain a unit bid price for roadway repair, and for repair of any other facility, structure or surface that is likely to be damaged in quantity during construction. 351. The construction approach will minimize the time that any one segment is under construction or roadway/walkway left un-repaired to reduce the construction impact, done by limiting the length of open trench to 100 m or less. 352. The public will be barred from construction areas, and excavations will be fenced and sign posted. Workers should not be allowed to enter trenches deeper than waist height unless they are properly shored. 353. The Contractor will strictly follow his Traffic Management Plan (TMP) which will outline haul routes and safety measures. The TMP will also describe the method for provision of access in roads where trenches are being excavated. Where practical roads shall remain open at all times, which may result in one-way traffic controlled by flagmen. If any diversions are required, they should be outlined in the TMP. 354. Some trees may need to be cut to accommodate pipelines. Where this occurs on private land, owners will be compensated per the LARP (only fruit trees). Where tree cutting occurs on public land the Contractor will follow the procedures for tree cutting as stipulated 117 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination by the CEP - Elaboration of permit for the cutting of trees in the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan (except the Forest Fund lands).17 355. Where practical the Contractor shall remove existing trees and replant them within the vicinity of the pipeline so as to cause minimal impact. Where this is not possible the Contractor shall discuss with CEP alternative locations for the re-planting of the trees. 356. Where trees will be cut they shall be replaced on a 1:3 basis. The replaced trees shall be the same as the trees cut. The Contractor will be responsible for maintaining the trees for a six month period. If any of the trees die within this period, the Contractor will replace the tree on a 1:1 basis. 357. In addition to the above, the Contractor shall ensure that: • Pipelines are laid after the harvest in order to minimize impacts to crops and livelihoods. • Spoil material from pipeline trenches around petrol stations will be tested for soil contamination before final disposal. The final disposal locations will be determined based on the results of the soil sampling. Any spoil material classified as hazardous will be disposed of at appropriately licensed facilities. 358. Pipeline Pollutants – Pipelines can be disinfected through chlorination. Initial chlorine concentrations shall be made high enough (about 50 mg/l) to overcome the chlorine demand of contaminants. Chlorination is repeated until residual chlorine is one mg/l, after which the structure is flushed out before being placed into use. Installation contracts shall include a bid item for disinfection of installed piping. 359. Interruptions to Water Supply – The Contractor will be responsible for informing the public 24 hours in advance of any periods where water supply will be interrupted for more than one hour. Operational Phase 360. SPZ – Once defined, the relevant government agencies will be responsible for controlling the activities within the SPZ and ensuring compliance with the SPZ. G.4.4 Residual Impacts Residual Impact Significance Construction Phase – MINOR If the mitigation measures suggested are implemented, the residual impacts of the Project will be minor. Operational Phase – LOW 17 Approved by Head of Environmental Protection Committee under the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan Kh. Ibodzoda. Dated from 10.01.2017. 118 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination If the mitigation measures suggested are implemented, the residual impacts of the Project will be low. However, it is important, that once the SPZ is defined, the relevant authorities ensure that no prohibited activities are present within these zones. G.5 Sanitation – Package 3 G.5.1 Potential Impacts Construction Phase 361. Traffic and Access – Construction of the collectors along existing main road corridors will result in some moderate, temporary disruptions to traffic mainly due to the fact that trenches will need to be of sufficient depth (approximately 3m) and width (approximately 2m) to accommodate the DN400 – DN1400 pipes. This could lead to some short term blocking of access to properties along the roads. Traffic levels on some of the main roads, such as Ayni street are high, especially during the rush hour periods. This could result in potential accidents involving vehicles, pedestrians and workers. 362. Noise & Air Quality – Construction of distribution pipelines will result in some elevated, short term and localized noise levels and air quality issues as trenches are excavated, vehicles deliver equipment and roads are rehabilitated. Construction of the two new booster pumping stations may also result in some elevated noise levels during the construction phase. 363. Soils – The loess soil in the Project area has been identified by the PPS as a potential issue due to its sensitivity to water and the increased risk of settling of pipelines. 364. Labour – Small crews of workers will be used for these works and it is anticipated that they will mainly be locally contracted workers. No construction camp facilities will be required, or project specific accommodation. 365. Waste Management – Spoil material and other construction waste will be produced during the pipeline laying works. Volumes of material can be moderately high given the size of the trenches to be excavated. For example, a fifty meter section of trenching would require the removal of 300 m2 of material from the trench, of which approximately half may be spoil material. Trucks transporting spoil material from the work site may also cause disruptions to traffic. 366. Delivery and Storage of Materials – In these city center locations there is less room to store the construction materials. Delivery vehicles may also cause traffic disruptions as the unload equipment. 367. PCR – Two cemeteries will be impacted to a minor degree. Some removal of walls and tree cutting will be required. However, it is possible that chance finds could occur during excavation works. 368. River crossing Works – Construction of the crossing beneath the Varzob is unlikely to have significant impacts on turbidity or sediment levels in the river in this location which is close to a number of drop structures (see Figure 26: Area of Proposed Crossing Under the 119 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Varzob). Accidental spillages of hazardous liquids into the river could however occur and impacts to fish are possible if fish passages are not provided in the construction phase. Operational Phase 369. Earthquakes – Seismic events could impact upon pipelines and pipeline joints. 370. Beneficial Impacts – Once the collectors become operational waste water will no longer infiltrate agricultural land and storm water systems. This should lead to significant health benefits, such as the reduction of the levels of Ascaridosis in Shohmansour and Rudaki. G.5.2 Mitigation and Management Measures Design / Pre-construction Phase 371. Design Standards – In the first instance, the planning and design of all sanitation components shall be based on international standards such as European standards and ISO or DIN norms under due consideration of local guidelines where available such as SniP and GOST. In addition, the design of the Project shall follow the Sanitation Construction Principles proposed by the PPS and set out in Section C.2.3. 372. Soils – Loess soil is very sensitive to water, i.e. to erosion along the pipe due to leakages and infiltration. This will be carefully taken into account in the detailed design and during construction works. Otherwise, water may cause erosion and / or impair bearing properties of the soil, which may result in deformations and potential damages of the collector. 373. Earthquakes – Materials for new pipes and joints linking pipe segments should have a high earthquake resistance (use of state-of-the-art technology, if costs are not significantly higher). They must at least adhere to the current earthquake building standards (SniP). 374. Specific Environmental Management Plan – The Contractor will be responsible for the preparation of his SEMP prior to the start of any construction works. Construction works cannot commence until the SEMP is approved by the Project Implementation Group (PIG). The requirements for the SEMP are provided in Section H.5 – SEMP. The SEMP will include the following Topic Specific Plans: • Waste Management Plan. • OHS Plan. • Traffic Management Plan. • Air Quality Management Plan. • Noise Management Plan. • Spill Response Plan. • Hazardous Materials Management Plan. • Chance Find Procedure. In addition, the Contractor will be responsible for the preparation of the following site specific plan: • River Crossing Construction Plan. Construction Phase 120 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 375. Air Quality – Air quality impacts will be managed by the Contractor through the implementation of the following mitigation measures which shall be included as part of the Air Quality Management Plan: • Exhaust emissions – No equipment using any fuel that may produce air pollutants, including mobile generators, will be installed without consent of the Engineer. Construction equipment will be maintained to a good standard and fitted with pollution control devices which will be regularly monitored by the Engineer. • Open burning of waste materials – No burning of debris or other materials will occur on the site. • Dust generated from haul roads, unpaved roads, material stock piles, etc: ▪ The Contractor will ensure that material stockpiles will be located in sheltered areas and be covered with tarpaulins or other such suitable covering to prevent material becoming airborne. ▪ All trucks used for transporting materials to and from the sites will be covered with canvas tarpaulins, or other acceptable type cover (which will be properly secured) to prevent debris and/or materials from falling from or being blown off the vehicle(s). ▪ Effective use of water sprays will be implemented (e.g., Carry out watering for dust control at least 3 times a day: in the morning, at noon, and in the afternoon during dry weather with temperatures of over 25°C, or in windy weather. Avoid overwatering as this may make the surrounding muddy). All water used for controlling dust will be free of odor and pollution. 376. Pipeline Excavations and Pipeline Laying – Any deep excavations in unstable soils will be shored by the Contractor, and below grade construction brought to grade quickly, then excavations closed. Surface soils should be temporarily graded-to-drain and protected as necessary to reduce erosion and sediment runoff. 377. The contractor should conduct pipeline laying in a manner that has minimum impact on the health, safety and convenience of businesses, residences and users of the street area. This includes the following: • Minimize the period of time that a segment of excavation is kept open by not allowing trenching to outpace pipe laying by more than a day or so. Trenches should be back- filled and ground leveled after installation of piping. • Place only bedding and pipe materials at the location that will be used within the next few days work, well out of the line of traffic. Clean up and remove from the site any excess spoil, wood used for shoring and construction materials upon completion of the segment. Compact soil in trench and clean surrounding pavement areas to reduce blowing dust. • Provide temporary bridging across the trench at entries to residences and businesses. Otherwise, provide tape barriers to reduce the possibility of an accident. • Once work is complete on a segment, pavement surfaces and masonry works (curbs, abutments, stairs, drains, drives, etc.) should be repaired and returned to original condition. All roadway surfaces should be repaired as construction progresses; bid packages will contain a unit bid price for roadway repair, and for repair of any other facility, structure or surface that is likely to be damaged in quantity during construction. 378. The construction approach will minimize the time that any one segment is under construction or roadway/walkway left un-repaired to reduce the construction impact, done by limiting the length of open trench to 100 m or less. 121 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 379. The public will be barred from construction areas, and excavations will be fenced and sign posted. Workers should not be allowed to enter trenches deeper than waist height unless they are properly shored. 380. The Contractor will strictly follow his Traffic Management Plan (TMP) which will outline haul routes and safety measures. The TMP will also describe the method for provision of access in roads where trenches are being excavated. Where practical roads shall remain open at all times, which may result in one-way traffic controlled by flagmen. If any diversions are required, they should be outlined in the TMP. 381. Some trees may need to be cut to accommodate pipelines. Where this occurs on private land, owners will be compensated per the LARP (only fruit trees). Where tree cutting occurs on public land the Contractor will follow the procedures for tree cutting as stipulated by the CEP – (Elaboration of permit for the cutting of trees in the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan (except the Forest Fund lands)”. 382. Where practical the Contractor shall remove existing trees and replant them within the vicinity of the pipeline so as to cause minimal impact. Where this is not possible the Contractor shall discuss with CEP alternative locations for the re-planting of the trees. 383. Where trees will be cut they shall be replaced on a 1:3 basis. The replaced trees shall be the same as the trees cut. The Contractor will be responsible for maintaining the trees for a six month period. If any of the trees die within this period, the Contractor will replace the tree on a 1:1 basis. 384. River Construction – The Contractor shall limit works to the low flow period in the Varzob (October to February). Ensuring construction occurs in this period will also eliminate impacts to fish spawning. The crossing works shall be staged to ensure fish passages throughout the construction period. 385. Other mitigation measures for the construction phase include: • Ensure no waste materials are dumped in the river. • Place generators more than 20 meters from the river. • Ensure that no wet or dry concrete waste is dumped in the river. • Provide areas where concrete mixers can wash out leftover concrete without polluting the environment. • Ensure that no hazardous liquids are placed within 10 meters of the river. • Provide portable toilets at bridge construction sites to prevent defecation by workers into the river. • Ensure that workers are provided with correct PPE including harnesses and hi-vis life vests. 386. Waste Management – To ensure waste management is adequately controlled during the construction phase of the Project, the Contractor shall be responsible for ensuring that the waste hierarchy is followed including prevention, minimization, reuse and recycling. Specifically the Contractor will be responsible for the following measures: • Implementation of the Waste Management Plan (WMP) – The WMP shall include items relating to the safe handling and management of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes, e.g. plastic, metal, wood, liquid wastes, etc. 122 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination • Recycling and Reuse – Where possible, surplus materials will be reused or recycled – this should include wood, plastic, metal and glass. A plan for the recycling of materials should be included in the WMP. • Storage of Hazardous Wastes – Oils, fuels and chemicals are substances which are hazardous to human health. They need to be stored properly in correctly labeled containers at construction areas. Oil and fuel will only be kept in small quantities on site should be stored in mobile bunds to contain spillage (the bund should be able to contain at least 110% of the volume of the largest storage tank within the bund). The Contractor shall also prepare, as part of his SEMP, a spill response plan for the management of any spills over 10 liters and provide spill kits at all work sites. • Waste Disposal – Waste, both hazardous and non-hazardous, shall be collected and disposed of by a licensed waste management contractor. The Contractor will keep copies of the waste management company’s licenses on file at his site office. The Contractor shall also keep a record of the waste volumes and types removed from the site and the waste transfer notes provided by the waste management contractor. 387. Occupational Health and Safety Plan – An Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Plan shall be prepared by the Contractor to manage worker safety on-site during the construction phase of the Project. The OHS Plan shall include the same items specified above for Package 1 (Section G.3). 388. Movable sanitary facilities should be provided at the work site and kept clean, free of odors and usable. 389. Noise – During the construction phase the Contractor will be responsible for the following: • Time and Activity Constraints, i.e., operations will be scheduled to coincide with periods when people would least likely be affected; work hours and work days will be limited to less noise-sensitive times. Hours-of-work will be approved by the Engineer having due regard for possible noise disturbance to the local residents or other activities. Construction activities will be strictly prohibited between 10 PM and 7 AM in the residential areas. When operating close to sensitive areas (within 250 meters) such as medical facilities and schools, the Contractor’s hours of working shall be limited to 8 AM to 6 PM; • Use temporary noise barriers while working in sensitive locations in case accidence of allowable limits is expected. Placing the barrier close to the source proves to be effective. • Give notice as early as possible to sensitive receptors for periods of noisier works such as excavation. Describe the activities and how long they are expected to take. Keep affected neighbours informed of progress. • Within normal working hours, where it is reasonable to do so: o schedule noisy activities for less sensitive times. o provide periods of respite from noisier works (for example, periodic breaks from jackhammer noise). • The weekend/evening periods are important for community rest and recreation and provide respite when noisy work has been conducted throughout the week. Accordingly, work should not usually be scheduled during these times. • All mechanical plant is to be silenced by the best practical means using current technology. Mechanical plant, including noise-suppression devices, should be maintained to the manufacturer’s specifications. Internal combustion engines are to be fitted with a suitable muffler in good repair. 123 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination • Fit all pneumatic tools with an effective silencer on their air exhaust port. • Install less noisy movement/reversing warning systems for equipment and vehicles that will operate for extended periods, during sensitive times or in close proximity to sensitive sites. Occupational health and safety requirements for use of warning systems must be followed. • Turn off plant when not being used. • All vehicular movements to and from the site to only occur during the scheduled normal working hours, unless approval has been granted by the Engineer. • Where possible, no truck associated with the work should be left standing with its engine operating in a street adjacent to a residential area. • Provision of noise protection kits such as ear plug, earmuff, for workers who are working in the area with noise level is higher than 85 dB(A). 390. PCR – The structures identified in Table 20 shall be rehabilitated in consultation with the representatives in charge of the cemeteries. Any trees cut will be replanted on a 1:3 basis. G.5.3 Residual Impacts Residual Impact Significance Construction Phase – MINOR If the mitigation measures suggested are implemented, the residual impacts of the Project will be minor. Operational Phase – NONE During the operational phase impacts will be overwhelmingly beneficial. G.6 Institutional Component G.6.1 Potential Impacts 391. No negative impacts anticipated. G.6.2 Mitigation and Management Measures 392. None warranted. G.6.3 Residual Impacts Residual Impact Significance Construction Phase – NONE Operational Phase – NONE 124 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination G.7 Cumulative & Induced Impacts G.7.1 Potential Impacts 393. Land Use – Cumulative and induced impacts stemming from development of water supply systems have to do with the effects of urban growth. Most generally, urbanization is accompanied by congestion with concomitant effects on air pollution and overall quality of life. More specifically, the introduction of water supply into an area can cause rapid changes in land value, and the conversion of peri-urban or rural land into areas ripe for development. If land ownership is not clearly established ahead of time, the potential for land grabbing and displacement of households exists. In short, in the absence of land use controls, expansion of water supply systems aggravate uncontrolled development and consequent impacts on environment. 394. Waste Water – The most clearly linked indirect impact of water supply expansion has to do with the disposal of increased quantities of wastewater from household users. However, at present waste water is being discharged to storm-water channels and overflowing onto agricultural land which is resulting in health impacts and contributing to pollution of the Kafarnigan river. The rehabilitation of the presently dysfunctional south collector will significantly improve the hygienic and environmental situation by properly draining the wastewater to the existing WWTP and subsequently to the biological ponds before being discharged to the Kafarnigan river. Rehabilitation of the WWTP has been identified as one of the next short term interventions in the PPS road map. G.7.2 Mitigation and Management Measures 395. Land Use – Although beyond the scope of this Project, it is recommended that the City of Dushanbe develops land use plans, in coordination with DVK to control the development of the Project area in a sustainable manner. 396. Waste Water – Rehabilitation of the WWTP is strongly recommended as outlined in the PPS. G.8 Compliance Impacts 397. In addition to the impacts associated with the construction and operation phases of the project several compliance impacts have also been identified as follows: • Lack of Environmental Clauses in Contracts –The IEE is an environmental statement by the DVK. While it is prepared by the IEE consultant the IEE defines the commitment by the GOT through the proponent and its contractors and consultants, to implement the mitigation and monitoring actions listed in the IEE. For the measures proposed in the IEE‘s EMP to be taken seriously, they must become legally binding through inclusion as environmental clauses in the loan agreement between the GOT and the ADB as well as the specifications in the contract-bid documents. This will be achieved by integrating the EMP into the contract specifications as a clause and using the EMP to prepare SEMPs defining specific steps to be taken by the contractors and the government during the project construction phase. References to the EMP will be made in the loan agreement between the GOT and ADB. It will be the Engineers responsibility to review the environmental mitigation and monitoring activities 125 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination undertaken by the Contractor, with payments made only after verification that each work component has been completed as prescribed. • Lack of Construction Compliance Inspection Services and Environmental Training – While the EMP and the environmental covenants can be very clear and specific, if there is no one knowledgeable to undertake compliance monitoring, inspection and regular reporting, little of the EMP will be implemented or completed. The Project Implementation Unit (PIG), through his Environmental Specialists, will ensure that compliance inspections are undertaken on a regular basis. In addition, the PIG Environmental Specialists will also provide training to the Contractor in the correct implementation of the SEMPs prior to the commencement of works. G.9 A Note on Environmental and Social Management Systems 398. The activities proposed as part of this Project involve general construction works that will be suitably managed with the adoption of the mitigation measures provided by this report. 399. As noted in the introduction of this report, this Project forms the initial component of a long- term road map prepared as part of the PPS for Dushanbe’s water supply and sanitation sector. The PPS indicated that an ISO Certified Environmental Management System should be adopted by DVK but in the longer term, and not at this initial stage of the road map. 400. At this stage of the Project, impacts in the operational phase can be managed through the adoption of the plans specified above, e.g. chlorine management plans, OHS plans, etc. Adoption of a full ESMS at this stage would be costly and may not necessarily yield many more benefits than can be gained through the implementation of the plans mentioned above. 401. However, in the event that more funding becomes available and further activities can be developed, such as rehabilitation of the WWTP, an ESMS should be developed, along with the capacity of the proposed HSE unit, help DVK manage the environmental and social aspects and impacts of their business. 126 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination H. Environmental Management Plans and Institutional Requirements H.1 Introduction 402. The EMP herewith provides the overall Project environmental management framework. It provides summary information of the types of impacts, which are described in detail in Section G. It also provides detailed information about the required mitigation and monitoring measures, their implementation arrangements reporting requirements. In addition, the approximate costs of the EMP are outlined. H.2 Environmental Management Plan 403. Table 24 to Table 26Error! Reference source not found. provide the environmental mitigation and observational monitoring for the Project packages during the pre- construction, construction and operational phases of the Project respectively. 127 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination H.3 Environmental Management Plan 404. The following tables provides the environmental management and mitigation measures for each Project package. Table 24: Package 1 EMP Design / Pre-construction Phase Subject Potential Impact / Mitigation / Management Measure Implementation Monitoring Issue Responsibilities Responsibilities SPZ Un-defined SPZ Follow the procedures defined in Section B.3.7 – Sanitary DVK / Design Institute N/A leading to Protection Zones to define and establish the SPZ. groundwater pollution Electrical Accidents All new transformers and substations shall be designed with PMSDSC N/A Equipment suitable safety measures, including fencing around the areas to ensure no unauthorized access to these areas. Oil Leaks Dry transformers should be considered for the Project. DVK / PMSDSC N/A Chlorine Management of Liquid The design of the liquid chlorination facility will be in-line with PMSDSC N/A Chlorine international best practice, for example: Safe Handling of Chlorine From Drums and Cylinders (second edition), Health and Safety Executive, 2009. Natural Earthquakes Materials for new pipes and joints linking pipe segments must at PMSDSC N/A Hazards least adhere to the current earthquake building standards (SniP). General SEMP Preparation of an SEMP to include: Contractor to prepare Routine monitoring Environmental • Waste Management Plan (see Section G.3.3 – Mitigation and SEMP throughout construction by Management Management Measures for required content). PMSDSC • OHS Plan (see Section G.3.3 – Mitigation and Management PMSDSC and PIG to Measures for required content). approve SEMP prior • Spill Prevention Plan. start of construction • Hazardous Materials Management Plan. works • In addition, the Contractor will be responsible for the preparation of the following site specific plan: • Riverbank Works Plan. Contamination Petrol Stations Ensure designs include double walled pipes at alignments around PMSDSC N/A petrol stations Land Compensation Ensure that LARP is completed and implemented before Contractor DVK ADB Acquisition payments starts work. 128 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination and Compensation Construction Phase Subject Potential Impact / Mitigation / Management Measure Implementation Monitoring Issue Responsibilities Responsibilities General Construction Follow the Water Supply Construction Principles outlined in Section Contractor PIG & PMSDSC Principles C.1.2. Air Quality Planning Implementation of the Air Quality Management Plan Contractor Routine monitoring throughout construction by PIG & Engineer Exhaust Emissions • No equipment using any fuel that may produce air pollutants, Contractor Routine monitoring including mobile generators, will be installed without consent of throughout construction by the Engineer. PIG & PMSDSC • Construction equipment will be maintained to a good standard and fitted with pollution control devices which will be regularly monitored by the Engineer. Burning Waste No burning of debris or other materials will occur on the site. Contractor Routine monitoring throughout construction by PIG & PMSDSC Dust • The Contractor will ensure that material stockpiles will be Contractor Routine monitoring located in sheltered areas and be covered with tarpaulins or throughout construction by other such suitable covering to prevent material becoming PIG & PMSDSC airborne. • All trucks used for transporting materials to and from the sites will be covered with canvas tarpaulins, or other acceptable type cover (which will be properly secured) to prevent debris and/or materials from falling from or being blown off the vehicle(s). • Effective use of water sprays will be implemented (e.g., Carry out watering for dust control at least 3 times a day: in the morning, at noon, and in the afternoon during dry weather with temperatures of over 25°C, or in windy weather. • Avoid overwatering as this may make the surrounding muddy). All water used for controlling dust will be free of odor and pollution. Noise Construction Noise • Works will be scheduled to coincide with periods when people Contractor Routine site inspections by would least likely be affected; work hours and work days will be the PIG & PMSDSC limited to less noise-sensitive times. Hours-of-work will be approved by the Engineer having due regard for possible noise disturbance to the local residents or other activities. Construction activities will be strictly prohibited between 10 PM and 7 AM in the residential areas. When operating close to 129 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination sensitive areas (within 250 meters) such as medical facilities and schools, the Contractor’s hours of working shall be limited to 8 AM to 6 PM; • Use temporary noise barriers while working in sensitive locations in case accidence of allowable limits is expected. Placing the barrier close to the source proves to be effective. • Give notice as early as possible to sensitive receptors for periods of noisier works such as excavation. Describe the activities and how long they are expected to take. Keep affected neighbours informed of progress. • Within normal working hours, where it is reasonable to do so: o schedule noisy activities for less sensitive times. o provide periods of respite from noisier works (for example, periodic breaks from jackhammer noise). • The weekend/evening periods are important for community rest and recreation and provide respite when noisy work has been conducted throughout the week. Accordingly, work will not be scheduled during these times. • All mechanical plant is to be silenced by the best practical means using current technology. Mechanical plant, including noise-suppression devices, will be maintained to the manufacturer’s specifications. Internal combustion engines are to be fitted with a suitable muffler in good repair. • Fit all pneumatic tools with an effective silencer on their air exhaust port. • Install less noisy movement/reversing warning systems for equipment and vehicles that will operate for extended periods, during sensitive times or in close proximity to sensitive sites. Occupational health and safety requirements for use of warning systems must be followed. • Turn off plant when not being used. • All vehicular movements to and from the site to only occur during the scheduled normal working hours, unless approval has been granted by the Engineer. • Where possible, no truck associated with the work will be left standing with its engine operating in a street adjacent to a residential area. • Provision of noise protection kits such as ear plug, earmuff, for workers who are working in the area with noise level is higher than 85 dB(A). 130 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Pipelines Excavation • Deep excavations in unstable soils will be shored by the Contractor Routine monitoring Contractor, and below grade construction brought to grade throughout construction by quickly, then excavations closed. PIG & PMSDSC • Surface soils will be temporarily graded-to-drain and protected as necessary to reduce erosion and sediment runoff. Pipeline laying • Minimize the period of time that a segment of excavation is kept Contractor Routine monitoring open by not allowing trenching to outpace pipe laying by more throughout construction by than a day or so. Trenches will be back- filled and ground PIG & PMSDSC leveled after installation of piping. • Place only bedding and pipe materials at the location that will be used within the next few days work, well out of the line of traffic. Clean up and remove from the site any excess spoil, wood used for shoring and construction materials upon completion of the segment. Compact soil in trench and clean surrounding pavement areas to reduce blowing dust. • Provide temporary bridging across the trench at entries to residences and businesses. Otherwise, provide tape barriers to reduce the possibility of an accident. • Once work is complete on a segment, pavement surfaces and masonry works (curbs, abutments, stairs, drains, drives, etc.) will be repaired and returned to original condition. All roadway surfaces will be repaired as construction progresses; bid packages will contain a unit bid price for roadway repair, and for repair of any other facility, structure or surface that is likely to be damaged in quantity during construction. • The construction approach will minimize the time that any one segment is under construction or roadway/walkway left un- repaired to reduce the construction impact, done by limiting the length of open trench to 100 m or less. • The public will be barred from construction areas, and excavations will be fenced and sign posted. Workers will not be allowed to enter trenches deeper than waist height unless they are properly shored. • Pipelines are laid after the harvest in order to minimize impacts to crops and livelihoods. Traffic Management • The Contractor will strictly follow his Traffic Management Plan Contractor Routine monitoring (TMP). throughout construction by • Where practical roads shall remain open at all times. PIG & PMSDSC • If any diversions are required, they shall be outlined in the TMP. Tree cutting Where tree cutting occurs on public land the Contractor will follow Contractor Routine monitoring the CEP approved procedures for tree cutting. throughout construction by PIG & PMSDSC 131 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Tree Re-planting • Where practical the Contractor shall remove existing trees and Contractor Routine monitoring replant them within the vicinity of the pipeline so as to cause throughout construction by minimal impact. PIG & PMSDSC • Where this is not possible the Contractor shall discuss with CEP alternative locations for the re-planting of the trees. • Where trees will be cut they shall be replaced on a 3:1 basis. The replaced trees shall be the same as the trees cut. The Contractor will be responsible for maintaining the trees for a six month period. If any of the trees die within this period, the Contractor will replace the tree on a 1:1 basis. Pipeline pollutants • Pipelines can be disinfected through chlorination. Initial Contractor PIG & PMSDSC chlorine concentrations shall be made high enough (about 50 mg/l) to overcome the chlorine demand of contaminants. • Chlorination is repeated until residual chlorine is one mg/l, after which the structure is flushed out before being placed into use. • Installation contracts shall include a bid item for disinfection of installed piping. Contaminated spoil Spoil material from pipeline trenches around petrol stations will be Contractor PIG & PMSDSC tested for soil contamination before final disposal. The final disposal locations will be determined based on the results of the soil sampling. Any spoil material classified as hazardous will be disposed of at appropriately licensed facilities. Electrical Oil Leaks • If oil containing transformers are chosen they will require Contractor Inspection of the completed Equipment containment measures to built around them to collect any leak containment measures by of transformer oils (110% of the volume of the oil in the PIG & PMSDSC transformer). • The containment area, or ‘bund’ shall comprise an impermeable base backfilled with a layer of clean, washed stone free of dirt and fines, averaging 2-4cm in size to help limit the impact of any fires. Waste WMP Implementation of the Waste Management Plan Contractor Weekly inspections of site Management works by PIG & PMSDSC Recycling Where possible, surplus materials will be reused or recycled. Contractor to N/A implement mitigation and keep records of the types and volumes of materials recycled. Hazardous Wastes • Oil and fuel will be stored in mobile bunds to contain spillage Contractor Inspection of the completed (the bund will be able to contain at least 110% of the volume of containment measures by the largest storage tank within the bund). PIG & PMSDSC • Spill kits will be provided at all construction sites where fuel and oil is stored and used. 132 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Waste Disposal • Waste, both hazardous and non-hazardous, shall be collected Contractor • Monthly inspections of and disposed of by a licensed waste management contractor. waste management • The Contractor will keep copies of the waste management records by PIG & company’s licenses on file at his site office. PMSDSC • The Contractor shall also keep a record of the waste volumes • Annual review of waste and types removed from the site and the waste transfer notes management contracts provided by the waste management contractor. by PIG & PMSDSC • Suitable number and sized waste containers will be provided at each site for organic waste, hazardous waste and non- hazardous wastes. Asbestos • The Contractor will be responsible for the preparation and • Contractor to PIG & PMSDSC to inspect implementation of a method statement for the safe removal, prepare method sites on a regular basis to storage and disposal of asbestos containing materials from the statement. ensure plan is being followed. site. • Engineer to • A sample method statement is provided by Appendix B. approve method • The statement will follow international best practice, for statement. example; HSE A14 – Asbestos Essentials. Asbestos materials • Contractor to shall only be disposed of at a hazardous waste landfill site. implement plan. OHS Accidents and Implementation of the OHS Plan. Contractor Routine site inspections by Incidents the PIG & PMSDSC Hydrology Riverbank Protection • Ensure no waste materials are dumped in the river, including Contractor Routine site inspections by re-enforced concrete debris. the PIG & PMSDSC • Place mobile generators more than 20 meters from the river. • Ensure that no wet concrete waste is dumped in the river. • Ensure that no hazardous liquids are placed within 10 meters of the river. • Ensure that workers are provided with correct PPE including hi- vis life vests. • During piling works ensure that pumped water is filtered through a silt trap before being discharged to the river. • Provide areas where concrete mixers can wash out leftover concrete without polluting the environment. This may be in the form of a lined settling pond. • Undertake works outside of fish spawning periods. Operational Phase Subject Potential Impact / Mitigation / Management Measure Implementation Monitoring Issue Responsibilities Responsibilities Emergencies Emergency Planning Preparation and implantation of an Operational Phase Emergency DVK N/A Response Plan (see Section G.3.3 – Mitigation and Management Measures for required content). Fire safety procedures for shall be established for the site as part of DVK N/A any Emergency Response Plan 133 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Occupational OHS Planning Preparation and implantation of an Operational phase OHS Plan DVK N/A Health and (see Section G.3.3 – Mitigation and Management Measures for Safety required content). PPE Provision of PPE to workers adequate for the scope of their works. DVK N/A Training Routine training for staff. DVK N/A Chlorine Chlorine Preparation and implantation of an Operational phase Chlorine DVK N/A Management Management Plan (see Section G.3.3 – Mitigation and Management Measures for required content). SPZ Management of the Control of activities within the SPZ. State sanitary and N/A SPZ Epidemiological Control Bodies CEP Table 25: Package 2 EMP Design / Pre-construction Phase Subject Potential Impact / Mitigation / Management Measure Implementation Monitoring Issue Responsibilities Responsibilities General SEMP Preparation of an SEMP to include: • Contractor to Routine monitoring Environmental • Waste Management Plan (see Section G.3.3 – Mitigation and prepare SEMP throughout construction by Management Management Measures for required content). • PMSDSC and PIG & PMSDSC • OHS Plan (see Section G.3.3 – Mitigation and Management PIG to approve Measures for required content). SEMP • Traffic Management Plan. • Air Quality Management Plan. • Noise Management Plan. • Spill Response Plan. • Hazardous Materials Management Plan. • Chance Find Procedure. Landslides Failure of Structures Designs shall take into account the potential landslide areas in the PMSDSC PIG & PMSDSC, prior to the Project area and ensure that, where practical, pipelines are not start of construction constructed in these areas. If the latter is not possible, adequate protection measures shall be implemented. Natural Earthquakes • Materials for new pipes and joints linking pipe segments must PMSDSC N/A Hazards at least adhere to the current earthquake building standards (SniP). • Design of reservoirs must at least adhere to the current earthquake building standards (SNiP). SPZ Un-defined SPZ Follow the procedures defined in Section B.3.7 – Sanitary DVK N/A leading to Protection Zones to define and establish the SPZ around groundwater pollution reservoirs. 134 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Land Compensation Ensure that LARP is completed and implemented before Contractor DVK ADB Acquisition payments starts work. and Compensation Construction Phase Subject Potential Impact / Mitigation / Management Measure Implementation Monitoring Issue Responsibilities Responsibilities General Construction Follow the Water Supply Construction Principles outlined in Section Contractor PIG & PMSDSC Principles C.1.2. Air Quality Planning Implementation of the Air Quality Management Plan Contractor Routine monitoring throughout construction by PIG & PMSDSC Exhaust Emissions • No equipment using any fuel that may produce air pollutants, Contractor Routine monitoring including mobile generators, will be installed without consent of throughout construction by the Engineer. PIG & PMSDSC • Construction equipment will be maintained to a good standard and fitted with pollution control devices which will be regularly monitored by the Engineer. Burning Waste No burning of debris or other materials will occur on the site. Contractor Routine monitoring throughout construction by PIG & PMSDSC Dust • The Contractor will ensure that material stockpiles will be Contractor Routine monitoring located in sheltered areas and be covered with tarpaulins or throughout construction by other such suitable covering to prevent material becoming PIG & PMSDSC airborne. • All trucks used for transporting materials to and from the sites will be covered with canvas tarpaulins, or other acceptable type cover (which will be properly secured) to prevent debris and/or materials from falling from or being blown off the vehicle(s). • Effective use of water sprays will be implemented (e.g., Carry out watering for dust control at least 3 times a day: in the morning, at noon, and in the afternoon during dry weather with temperatures of over 25°C, or in windy weather. • Avoid overwatering as this may make the surrounding muddy). All water used for controlling dust will be free of odor and pollution. Pipelines Excavation • Deep excavations in unstable soils will be shored by the Contractor Routine monitoring Contractor, and below grade construction brought to grade throughout construction by quickly, then excavations closed. PIG & PMSDSC • Surface soils will be temporarily graded-to-drain and protected as necessary to reduce erosion and sediment runoff. 135 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Pipeline laying • Minimize the period of time that a segment of excavation is kept Contractor Routine monitoring open by not allowing trenching to outpace pipe laying by more throughout construction by than a day or so. Trenches will be back- filled and ground PIG & PMSDSC leveled after installation of piping. • Place only bedding and pipe materials at the location that will be used within the next few days work, well out of the line of traffic. Clean up and remove from the site any excess spoil, wood used for shoring and construction materials upon completion of the segment. Compact soil in trench and clean surrounding pavement areas to reduce blowing dust. • Provide temporary bridging across the trench at entries to residences and businesses. Otherwise, provide tape barriers to reduce the possibility of an accident. • Once work is complete on a segment, pavement surfaces and masonry works (curbs, abutments, stairs, drains, drives, etc.) will be repaired and returned to original condition. All roadway surfaces will be repaired as construction progresses; bid packages will contain a unit bid price for roadway repair, and for repair of any other facility, structure or surface that is likely to be damaged in quantity during construction. • The construction approach will minimize the time that any one segment is under construction or roadway/walkway left un- repaired to reduce the construction impact, done by limiting the length of open trench to 100 m or less. • The public will be barred from construction areas, and excavations will be fenced and sign posted. Workers will not be allowed to enter trenches deeper than waist height unless they are properly shored. • Pipelines are laid after the harvest in order to minimize impacts to crops and livelihoods. Traffic Management • The Contractor will strictly follow his Traffic Management Plan Contractor Routine monitoring (TMP). throughout construction by • Where practical roads shall remain open at all times. PIG & PMSDSC • If any diversions are required, they shall be outlined in the TMP. Tree cutting Where tree cutting occurs on public land the Contractor will follow Contractor Routine monitoring the CEP approved procedures for tree cutting. throughout construction by PIG & PMSDSC Tree Re-planting • Where practical the Contractor shall remove existing trees and Contractor Routine monitoring replant them within the vicinity of the pipeline so as to cause throughout construction by minimal impact. PIG & PMSDSC • Where this is not possible the Contractor shall discuss with CEP alternative locations for the re-planting of the trees. 136 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination • Where trees will be cut they shall be replaced on a 3:1 basis. The replaced trees shall be the same as the trees cut. The Contractor will be responsible for maintaining the trees for a six month period. If any of the trees die within this period, the Contractor will replace the tree on a 1:1 basis. Pipeline pollutants • Pipelines can be disinfected through chlorination. Initial Contractor PIG & PMSDSC chlorine concentrations shall be made high enough (about 50 mg/l) to overcome the chlorine demand of contaminants. • Chlorination is repeated until residual chlorine is one mg/l, after which the structure is flushed out before being placed into use. • Installation contracts shall include a bid item for disinfection of installed piping. Waste WMP • Implementation of the Waste Management Plan Contractor Weekly inspections of site Management works by PIG & PMSDSC Recycling • Where possible, surplus materials will be reused or recycled. Contractor to N/A implement mitigation and keep records of the types and volumes of materials recycled. Hazardous Wastes • Oil and fuel will be stored in mobile bunds to contain spillage Contractor Inspection of the completed (the bund will be able to contain at least 110% of the volume of containment measures by the largest storage tank within the bund). PIG & PMSDSC • Spill kits will be provided at all construction sites where fuel and oil is stored and used. Waste Disposal • Waste, both hazardous and non-hazardous, shall be collected Contractor • Monthly inspections of and disposed of by a licensed waste management contractor. waste management • The Contractor will keep copies of the waste management records by PIG & company’s licenses on file at his site office. PMSDSC • The Contractor shall also keep a record of the waste volumes • Annual review of waste and types removed from the site and the waste transfer notes management contracts provided by the waste management contractor. by PIG & PMSDSC • Suitable number and sized waste containers will be provided at each site for organic waste, hazardous waste and non- hazardous wastes. Spoil Material Regarding waste spoil material from the Zebunisso reservoir: Contractor PIG & PMSDSC • Spoil material will be stored within the site boundary and constructed as low, flat elongated stockpiles where possible and no greater than two meters in height. • Stockpiles shall not be located close to steep slopes. • Stockpiles shall only be allowed on DVK owned land, i.e. within the site boundary. 137 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination • Stockpiles shall not be located within 50 meters of any water course. • Erosion and sedimentation controls will be erected between the stockpiles and downslope areas. • During dry periods stockpiles will be watered to reduce dust impacts. • A maximum of 200 m2 of spoil material will be allowed on site at any time. • Spoil material from excavation works at the reservoirs will be removed to a licensed landfill. • All trucks transporting spoil to off site locations shall be covered with tarpaulins before leaving the site. • Traffic associated with spoil generation will be managed in accordance with mitigation measures outlined in the Traffic Management Plan. OHS Accidents and • Implementation of the OHS Plan. Contractor Routine site inspections by Incidents the PIG & PMSDSC Noise Construction Noise • Works will be scheduled to coincide with periods when people Contractor Routine site inspections by would least likely be affected; work hours and work days will be the PIG & PMSDSC limited to less noise-sensitive times. Hours-of-work will be approved by the Engineer having due regard for possible noise disturbance to the local residents or other activities. Construction activities will be strictly prohibited between 10 PM and 7 AM in the residential areas. When operating close to sensitive areas (within 250 meters) such as medical facilities and schools, the Contractor’s hours of working shall be limited to 8 AM to 6 PM; • Use temporary noise barriers while working in sensitive locations in case accidence of allowable limits is expected. Placing the barrier close to the source proves to be effective. • Give notice as early as possible to sensitive receptors for periods of noisier works such as excavation. Describe the activities and how long they are expected to take. Keep affected neighbours informed of progress. • Within normal working hours, where it is reasonable to do so: o schedule noisy activities for less sensitive times. o provide periods of respite from noisier works (for example, periodic breaks from jackhammer noise). • The weekend/evening periods are important for community rest and recreation and provide respite when noisy work has been conducted throughout the week. Accordingly, work will not be scheduled during these times. 138 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination • All mechanical plant is to be silenced by the best practical means using current technology. Mechanical plant, including noise-suppression devices, will be maintained to the manufacturer’s specifications. Internal combustion engines are to be fitted with a suitable muffler in good repair. • Fit all pneumatic tools with an effective silencer on their air exhaust port. • Install less noisy movement/reversing warning systems for equipment and vehicles that will operate for extended periods, during sensitive times or in close proximity to sensitive sites. Occupational health and safety requirements for use of warning systems must be followed. • Turn off plant when not being used. • All vehicular movements to and from the site to only occur during the scheduled normal working hours, unless approval has been granted by the Engineer. • Where possible, no truck associated with the work will be left standing with its engine operating in a street adjacent to a residential area. • Provision of noise protection kits such as ear plug, earmuff, for workers who are working in the area with noise level is higher than 85 dB(A). Table 26: Package 3 EMP Design / Pre-construction Phase Subject Potential Impact / Mitigation / Management Measure Implementation Monitoring Issue Responsibilities Responsibilities General SEMP Preparation of an SEMP to include: • Contractor to Routine monitoring Environmental • Waste Management Plan (see Section G.3.3 – Mitigation and prepare SEMP throughout construction by Management Management Measures for required content). • PMSDSC and PIG & PMSDSC • OHS Plan (see Section G.3.3 – Mitigation and Management PIG to approve Measures for required content). SEMP • Traffic Management Plan. • Air Quality Management Plan. • Noise Management Plan. • Spill Response Plan. • Hazardous Materials Management Plan. • Chance Find Procedure. 139 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination In addition, the Contractor will be responsible for the preparation of the following site specific plan: • River Crossing Construction Plan. General Design Design Standards • Design of all sanitation components shall be based on PMSDSC PIG & PMSDSC prior to the international standards such as European standards and ISO start of construction or DIN norms under due consideration of local guidelines where available such as SniP and GOST. • The design of the Project shall follow the Sanitation Construction Principles proposed by the PPS and set out in Section C.2.3. Earthquakes Impacts to pipelines Materials for new pipes and joints linking pipe segments should PMSDSC PIG & PMSDSC prior to the have a high earthquake resistance. They must at least adhere to start of construction the current earthquake building standards (SniP). Soils Loess soil Ensure the potential impacts of loess soils are considered during PMSDSC PIG & PMSDSC prior to the the design phase. start of construction Construction Phase Subject Potential Impact Mitigation / Management Measure Implementation Monitoring / Issue Responsibilities Responsibilities Air Quality Planning Implementation of the Air Quality Management Plan Contractor Routine monitoring throughout construction by PIG & PMSDSC Exhaust Emissions • No equipment using any fuel that may produce air pollutants, Contractor Routine monitoring including mobile generators, will be installed without consent of throughout construction by the Engineer. PIG & PMSDSC • Construction equipment will be maintained to a good standard and fitted with pollution control devices which will be regularly monitored by the Engineer. Burning Waste No burning of debris or other materials will occur on the site. Contractor Routine monitoring throughout construction by PIG & PMSDSC Dust • The Contractor will ensure that material stockpiles will be Contractor Routine monitoring located in sheltered areas and be covered with tarpaulins or throughout construction by other such suitable covering to prevent material becoming PIG & PMSDSC airborne. • All trucks used for transporting materials to and from the sites will be covered with canvas tarpaulins, or other acceptable type cover (which will be properly secured) to prevent debris and/or materials from falling from or being blown off the vehicle(s). • Effective use of water sprays will be implemented (e.g., Carry out watering for dust control at least 3 times a day: in the 140 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination morning, at noon, and in the afternoon during dry weather with temperatures of over 25°C, or in windy weather. • Avoid overwatering as this may make the surrounding muddy). All water used for controlling dust will be free of odor and pollution. Pipelines Excavation • Deep excavations in unstable soils will be shored by the Contractor Routine monitoring Contractor, and below grade construction brought to grade throughout construction by quickly, then excavations closed. PIG & PMSDSC • Surface soils will be temporarily graded-to-drain and protected as necessary to reduce erosion and sediment runoff. Pipeline laying • Minimize the period of time that a segment of excavation is kept Contractor Routine monitoring open by not allowing trenching to outpace pipe laying by more throughout construction by than a day or so. Trenches will be back- filled and ground PIG & PMSDSC leveled after installation of piping. • Place only bedding and pipe materials at the location that will be used within the next few days work, well out of the line of traffic. Clean up and remove from the site any excess spoil, wood used for shoring and construction materials upon completion of the segment. Compact soil in trench and clean surrounding pavement areas to reduce blowing dust. • Provide temporary bridging across the trench at entries to residences and businesses. Otherwise, provide tape barriers to reduce the possibility of an accident. • Once work is complete on a segment, pavement surfaces and masonry works (curbs, abutments, stairs, drains, drives, etc.) will be repaired and returned to original condition. All roadway surfaces will be repaired as construction progresses; bid packages will contain a unit bid price for roadway repair, and for repair of any other facility, structure or surface that is likely to be damaged in quantity during construction. • The construction approach will minimize the time that any one segment is under construction or roadway/walkway left un- repaired to reduce the construction impact, done by limiting the length of open trench to 100 m or less. • The public will be barred from construction areas, and excavations will be fenced and sign posted. Workers will not be allowed to enter trenches deeper than waist height unless they are properly shored. Traffic Management • The Contractor will strictly follow his Traffic Management Plan Contractor Routine monitoring (TMP). throughout construction by • Where practical roads shall remain open at all times. PIG & PMSDSC • If any diversions are required, they shall be outlined in the TMP. 141 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Tree cutting Where tree cutting occurs on public land the Contractor will follow Contractor Routine monitoring the CEP approved procedures for tree cutting. throughout construction by PIG & PMSDSC Tree Re-planting • Where practical the Contractor shall remove existing trees and Contractor Routine monitoring replant them within the vicinity of the pipeline so as to cause throughout construction by minimal impact. PIG & PMSDSC • Where this is not possible the Contractor shall discuss with CEP alternative locations for the re-planting of the trees. • Where trees will be cut they shall be replaced on a 3:1 basis. The replaced trees shall be the same as the trees cut. The Contractor will be responsible for maintaining the trees for a six month period. If any of the trees die within this period, the Contractor will replace the tree on a 1:1 basis. Pipeline pollutants • Pipelines can be disinfected through chlorination. Initial Contractor PIG & PMSDSC chlorine concentrations shall be made high enough (about 50 mg/l) to overcome the chlorine demand of contaminants. • Chlorination is repeated until residual chlorine is one mg/l, after which the structure is flushed out before being placed into use. • Installation contracts shall include a bid item for disinfection of installed piping. Waste WMP Implementation of the Waste Management Plan Contractor Routine monitoring Management throughout construction by PIG & PMSDSC Recycling Where possible, surplus materials will be reused or recycled. Contractor to N/A implement mitigation and keep records of the types and volumes of materials recycled. Hazardous Wastes • Oil and fuel will be stored in mobile bunds to contain spillage Contractor Inspection of the completed (the bund will be able to contain at least 110% of the volume of containment measures by the largest storage tank within the bund). PIG & PMSDSC • Spill kits will be provided at all construction sites where fuel and oil is stored and used. Waste Disposal • Waste, both hazardous and non-hazardous, shall be collected Contractor • Monthly inspections of and disposed of by a licensed waste management contractor. waste management • The Contractor will keep copies of the waste management records by PIG & company’s licenses on file at his site office. PMSDSC • The Contractor shall also keep a record of the waste volumes • Annual review of waste and types removed from the site and the waste transfer notes management contracts provided by the waste management contractor. by PIG & PMSDSC • Suitable number and sized waste containers will be provided at each site for organic waste, hazardous waste and non- hazardous wastes. 142 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination OHS Accidents and Implementation of the OHS Plan. Contractor Routine site inspections by Incidents the PIG & PMSDSC Noise Construction Noise • Works will be scheduled to coincide with periods when people Contractor Routine site inspections by would least likely be affected; work hours and work days will be the PIG & PMSDSC limited to less noise-sensitive times. Hours-of-work will be approved by the Engineer having due regard for possible noise disturbance to the local residents or other activities. Construction activities will be strictly prohibited between 10 PM and 7 AM in the residential areas. When operating close to sensitive areas (within 250 meters) such as medical facilities and schools, the Contractor’s hours of working shall be limited to 8 AM to 6 PM; • Use temporary noise barriers while working in sensitive locations in case accidence of allowable limits is expected. Placing the barrier close to the source proves to be effective. • Give notice as early as possible to sensitive receptors for periods of noisier works such as excavation. Describe the activities and how long they are expected to take. Keep affected neighbours informed of progress. • Within normal working hours, where it is reasonable to do so: o schedule noisy activities for less sensitive times. o provide periods of respite from noisier works (for example, periodic breaks from jackhammer noise). • The weekend/evening periods are important for community rest and recreation and provide respite when noisy work has been conducted throughout the week. Accordingly, work will not be scheduled during these times. • All mechanical plant is to be silenced by the best practical means using current technology. Mechanical plant, including noise-suppression devices, will be maintained to the manufacturer’s specifications. Internal combustion engines are to be fitted with a suitable muffler in good repair. • Fit all pneumatic tools with an effective silencer on their air exhaust port. • Install less noisy movement/reversing warning systems for equipment and vehicles that will operate for extended periods, during sensitive times or in close proximity to sensitive sites. Occupational health and safety requirements for use of warning systems must be followed. • Turn off plant when not being used. • All vehicular movements to and from the site to only occur during the scheduled normal working hours, unless approval has been granted by the Engineer. 143 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination • Where possible, no truck associated with the work will be left standing with its engine operating in a street adjacent to a residential area. • Provision of noise protection kits such as ear plug, earmuff, for workers who are working in the area with noise level is higher than 85 dB(A). • River crossing Fish • The Contractor shall limit pier works to the low flow period in Contractor PIG & PMSDSC the Varzob (October to February). Pollution of river • Ensure no waste materials are dumped in the river. Contractor Routine monitoring • Place generators more than 20 meters from the river. throughout construction by • Ensure that no wet or dry concrete waste is dumped in the river. PIG & PMSDSC • Provide areas where concrete mixers can wash out leftover concrete without polluting the environment. • Ensure that no hazardous liquids are placed within 10 meters of the river. • Provide portable toilets at bridge construction sites to prevent defecation by workers into the river. Safety • Ensure that workers are provided with correct PPE including Contractor Routine monitoring harnesses and hi-vis life vests. throughout construction by PIG & PMSDSC PCR Removal of • The structures identified in Table 20 shall be rehabilitated in Contractor Routine monitoring structures and trees consultation with the representatives in charge of the throughout construction by cemeteries. PIG & PMSDSC • Any trees cut will be replanted on a 1:3 basis. Table 27: Pre-Construction / Construction Phase Instrumental Monitoring Issue Monitoring Package / Schedule Responsibilities Reporting Locations Soils For pipeline alignments around petrol stations Package 1 / Two Prior to the start The PMSDSC shall hire The certified laboratory monitoring of excavated spoil material from pipeline locations at each of construction. certified laboratory to shall provide the results to trenches is required. petrol station. perform the monitoring the PMSDSC within three activities. days of the monitoring The following parameters shall be monitored: activity. • 8 RCRA Metals • BTEX • PAH (sum 10) Air Quality Noise monitoring in the event of complaints from local All Packages / At As and when The PMSDSC shall hire The certified laboratory community, or as required by PIG / Engineer. the location of the required. certified laboratory to shall provide the results to the PMSDSC within three 144 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Issue Monitoring Package / Schedule Responsibilities Reporting Locations Parameters to be monitored based on identified issue, complaint / perform the monitoring days of the monitoring e.g. TSP for dust issues. identified issue activities. activity. Noise Noise monitoring in the event of complaints from local All Packages / At As and when The PMSDSC shall hire The certified laboratory community, or as required by PIG / Engineer. the location of the required. certified laboratory to shall provide the results to complaint / perform the monitoring the PMSDSC within three Parameters to be monitored include: identified issue activities. days of the monitoring Laeq 1h (dBA) activity. Surface Establish routine water quality monitoring throughout Package 1 & 3 / Monitoring to be The PMSDSC shall hire The certified laboratory Water the construction period. Varzob and undertaken certified laboratory to shall provide the results to Quality Kafarnigan Rivers: monthly during perform the monitoring the PMSDSC within seven The following parameters shall be monitored: bridge activities. days of the monitoring • 50 meters construction activity. pH; Suspended Solids; BOD5; COD; Coliforms; Nitrate upstream works and (NO3); Phosphate (PO4); Oil and Grease from work riverbank sites. protection • 50 meters works. downstream of the work sites. 145 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination H.4 EMP Costs Most costs associated with the environmental recommendations of the EMP are a normal part of preparing the bid and contract documents and ensuring that proper environmental provisions are incorporated therein. The use of PPE, for example, is a necessity, but not generallв МonsiНereН an “Мost”. Table 28 lists the proposed mitigation measures for each package anН inНiМates where theв woulН be “inМluНeН in the projeМt buНget” as part of a bid document and where additional costs are a likely “environmental Мost” beвonН what woulН normallв be inМluНeН in a projeМt budget. Environmental monitoring costs are provided by 405. Table 29. H.5 Specific EMP (SEMP) 406. The SEMP is the document that the Contractor for each of the three packages shall prepare outlining how he intends to implement the EMPs herewith and ensure that all of the mitigation and monitoring is completed according to the implementation arrangements specified in the package specific EMPs and the IEE as a whole. 407. The SEMP will describe the precise location of the required mitigation / monitoring, the persons responsible for the mitigation / monitoring, the schedule and reporting methodology. 408. The EMPs above specify the topic plans required for each specific package as well as any site specific plans. 409. The SEMP will be submitted to the PIG for approval at least 10 days before taking possession of any work site. No access to the site will be allowed until the SEMP is approved by the PIG. New topic specific or site specific EMPs may also need to be developed by the Contractor during the construction phase. These new plans will also need to be approved by the PIG. H.6 Bid Documents 410. The Bid Documents for the potential Contractors for each package will contain two sections relating to environmental issues, firstly a basic clause indicating that the Contractor will be responsible for following the requirements of the EMP and that he will prepare his own SEMP for the Project. Secondly, the EMP shall be repeated in its entirety as an Annex to the Bid Documents so as the bidder is aware of his environmental requirements under the Project and help him put environmental costs to his proposal. H.7 Contract Documents 411. The Contract Documents will follow a broadly similar pattern to the Bid Documents. It is not considered necessary to repeat the mitigation measures verbatim in a list of environmental contract provisions, rather the Contract will specify that the Contractor is responsible for implementation of the EMP via his SEMP. Again, the EMP will be included as an Annex to the Contract so the Contractor will be liable for any non-conformance with the EMP, and thereby this EIA. 146 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Table 28: EMP Estimated Mitigation Costs by Package Activity Item Unit cost Package Cost $ Package 1 Package 2 Package 3 Pre-construction SSEMPs SSEMP Included in Project - - - Budget Incorporation of Item in Bid Included in Project - - - Environmental Document Budget Items into Bid Documents SPZ Design of SPZ $5,000 5,000 5,000 - LARP Compensation Per the LARP See LARP See LARP See LARP Payments Construction Standard site Mobile toilets $500 1,000 1,000 1,000 management Spill Kits $200 400 400 400 Additional Bunds for fuel Included in Project - - - environmental and oil storage Construction costs measures Waste Included in Project - - - containers Construction costs Mobile bunds $250 1,000 1,000 1,000 Waste collection Included in Project - - - and disposal Construction costs Storage areas Included in Project - - - for hazardous Construction costs materials Temporary Included in Project - - - bridging for Construction costs access Fencing of Included in Project - - - construction Construction costs sites Warning signs Included in Project - - - around Construction costs construction sites Fire safety Included in Project - - - Construction costs PPE – including Included in Project - - - hi-vis life vests Construction costs First aid facilities Included in Project - - - Construction costs Water bowsers Included in Project - - - Construction costs Tarpaulins Included in Project - - - Construction costs Tree cutting / Labour and $15 N/A 1,000 1,000 tree removal machinery (estimated) General Tree Saplings and $5 N/A 1,000 1,000 planting labour Tree Labour and Included in Project - - - maintenance water Construction costs Training Health and Included in Project - - - Safety Training Budget Environmental Included in Project - - - Training Budget Toolbox Training Included in Project - - - Budget 147 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination PMU Training Included in Project - - - Budget Environmental Contractors $ 1,000 24,000 24,000 24,000 Staff EHSO PMSDSC 3 months / Lump International Sum / $48,000 Environmental Specialist PIG Safeguard Full time / Lump Specialist Sum / $48,000 Operation Planning OHS Plan Included in - - - PMSDSC costs ERP Included in - - N/A PMSDSC costs Chlorine Included in - N/A N/A Management PMSDSC costs Total Mitigation Costs 31,400 33,400 33,400 Table 29: Instrumental Monitoring Costs Activity Frequency Unit cost/ $ Package Cost ($) Package 1 Package 2 Package 3 Soils Once 400 1,600 - - monitoring Air Quality As required (assume maximum 5) 100 500 500 500 Noise As required (assume maximum 5) 100 500 500 500 monitoring Water Bi-Monthly throughout 100 1,200 - 600 Quality construction Total 3,800 1,000 1,600 H.8 Contractor Requirements 412. As stated above, the Contractors for each of the three Packages will be responsible for the preparation of an SEMP. The SEMP will need to be fully compliant with the relevant package specific EMP and this IEE as a whole and will need to be prepared within 30 days of Contract award and approved 10 days prior to access to the site. 413. During construction the Contractor must retain the expertise of an Environmental, Health and safety Officer (EHSO) to implement and continually update the SEMP and to oversee and report on the operation throughout the contract period. The EHSO will be full-time member of staff on the Contractors roster and will be on site at least five days per week. 414. The EHSO will be responsible for the preparation of weekly environmental checklists and an environmental section of the Contractor’s monthly progress reports that shall be submitted to the Engineer for review. 415. The monthly reports, which will include the weekly environmental checklists, shall contain sections relating to: • General Progress of the Project. • Environmental Incidents; e.g. spills of liquids, accidents, etc. • Progress of any environmental initiatives, e.g. energy savings, recycling, etc. 148 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination • Records of any environmental monitoring. • Conclusions and Recommendations. 416. The EHSO shall provide daily toolbox training to workers at the various construction sites. The EHSO shall keep a record of all monthly training and toolbox training undertaken. H.9 Project Implementation Group (PIG) Requirements 417. It is required that PIG designate a full-time safeguard position to supervise the Contractors in their EMP implementation to ensure overall compliance with SPS 2009 requirements and project environment-related legal covenants. With assistance of the PMSDSC, the PIG Safeguards Specialist will prepare, submit and disclose, to the DVK and ADB, semi-annual environmental, social and health and safety monitoring reports on ADB website. The PIG Safeguard Specialist will report in a timely manner to ADB of any non-compliance or breach of ADB safeguard requirements. The PIG Safeguard Specialist will also update the IEE in case of technical design changes or unanticipated impacts and make sure that the GRM is operational to effectively handle environmental and social concerns of project affected persons. The PIG will also be responsible for reviewing and approving the monthly reports prepared by the Contractor responsible for implementing the specific activities. H.10 PMSDSC Requirements 418. The PMSDSC is tasked to review and prepare designs and ensure safeguard compliance of civil works for each specific Project package including the monitoring of implementation of the EMPs through the Contractors SEMP and related aspects of the project. It is envisaged at this stage one PMSDSC will be engaged for the Project. 419. The PMSDSC will retain the use of an International Environmental Social, Health and Safety Specialist to make routine visits to the construction sites throughout the Project lifecycle to ensure that the Contractor is compliant with his environmental obligations. 420. The PMSDSC will also be tasked with two specific activities: • Provide initial training to the PIG Safeguard Specialist prior to the start of the Project; and • Prepare the operational phase plans for DVK mentioned above, including Emergency Response Plan, Occupational health and Safety Plan and Chlorine Management Plan. H.11 DVK Operational Capacity 421. DVK has one member of staff responsible for health and safety issues but does not currently have any staff responsible for managing environmental or social issues. Most of the operational phase issues identified concerning to this Project relate to health and safety, emergency response, etc. As such it is recommended that DVK strengthen the health and safety capacity of the company by building a health safety and environment (HSE) unit within DVK. The most useful way of achieving this goal will be to assign at least two of the Contractors EHSOs directly to DVK upon completion of the Contractors works to work full-time in the HSE unit. This would allow a direct transfer of relevant HSE skills into DVK. Of particular relevance would be the EHSOs responsible for Packages 1 and 2. 149 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 422. A number of plans are specified in the EMP for the operational phase of the Project and it is unlikely that the DVK HSE team could establish them alone. Accordingly, the additional support to establish the operational plans will be needed. As noted above, it is recommended that the PMSDSC, in coordination with DVK, prepares these operational plans for the specific activities. H.12 EMP Implementation Summary 423. The following Table summarizes the various institutional responsibilities for the implementation of the EMPs for each package. Table 30: EMP Implementation Project Responsible Responsibilities Stage Institution Pre- DVK with the • Incorporate EMP mitigation measures into engineering construction PMSDSC. design. DVK • Ensure EMP is incorporated into the works Contracts. DVK • Review Contractors proposals to ensure that they are aware of the EMP requirements and that line items for environmental management as per the EMP are included in the BOQ. Contractor • Prepare SEMP PMSDSC, ADB • Review and approve SEMP and PIG Construction Contractor • Daily monitoring of environmental issues (through its EHSO) • Preparation of weekly environmental checklists • Preparation of Monthly environmental reports • Preparing Corrective action plans PIG • Weekly monitoring of the Contractors compliance with EMP / SEMP. • Issuing the Contractor with Non-compliance Notices. • Monthly reporting to PIG of Contractors performance based on the review of Contractors weekly checklists and weekly site visits. PMSDSC • Routine site visits to monitor Contractors performance. • Bi-annual Environmental Reports submitted to PIG and ADB. Construction PMSDSC / DVK • Prepares operational management plans / Operation 150 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination I. Public Consultation, Information Disclosure & Grievance Mechanism I.1 Consultation 424. According to the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009): “The borrower/client will carry out meaningful consultation with affected people and other concerned stakeholders, including civil society, and facilitate their informed participation. Meaningful consultation is a process that: i. Begins early in the project preparation stage and is carried out on an ongoing basis throughout the project cycle; ii. Provides timely disclosure of relevant and adequate information that is understandable and readily accessible to affected people; iii. Is undertaken in an atmosphere free of intimidation or coercion; iv. Is gender inclusive and responsive, and tailored to the needs of disadvantaged and vulnerable groups; and v. Enables the incorporation of all relevant views of affected people and other stakeholders into decision making, such as project design, mitigation measures, the sharing of development benefits and opportunities, and implementation issues. vi. Consultation will be carried out in a manner commensurate with the impacts on affected communities. The consultation process and its results are to be documented and reflected in the environmental assessment report.” 425. Accordingly, a number of public consultations have been undertaken during May 2018 with a range of stakeholders. The following sections provides a summary of the consultations. I.1.1 Public Consultation 426. Two public consultations were held on the 29th May, 2018. The consultations included a summary presentation of the Project (Appendix C). All participants at the meetings were in favor of the Project and only a few environmental questions were raised during the meeting. Several comments were raised regarding compensation payments and impacts to land and property. In these cases the stakeholders were informed that these issues were being dealt with separately as part of the LARP. At the same time they were informed about the grievance mechanism and how any complaints regarding the LARP process could be registered through this process. 427. The following provides an overview of the consultations (names of all attendees can be found in Appendix D): Table 31: Hukumat of Shohmansour Public Consultation Date: 29/05/18 Consultations By: Mr. Nick Skinner – International Environmental Specialist Mr. Dilshod Ibrohimov– National Environmental Specialist 151 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination List of Participants: 11 Participants of these, 10 were heads of Mahalas representing approximately 5,000 people. # Name Question / Answer IEE Status Comment 1 Qodirov When will the The Project is None Head of Project start? anticipated to Vosifi commence in 2019 and mahalla with a construction period of four years. 2 Ragibov A – What will be The old chemical dosing Measures for the installation Head of improved regarding facility will be replaced and safe management of Buston-I the chlorination of with a new storage unit chlorine facilities are included Mahalla water? which will be automated in G.3 Water Supply - KAF- rather than manually I Well Field Rehabilitation. controlled. This will help control the dosage of chlorine into the system. 3 Ragibov A – How the sanitary SPZs around existing Measures required for the Head of protection zone will reservoirs are already development of the SPZs are Buston-I be determined for established. New included in Section B.3.7 – Mahalla water intake reservoirs will need to Sanitary Protection Zones. reservoir? prepare SPZs. Figure 53: Consultations, Shohmansour Hukumat Table 32: Jamoat of Guliston Public Consultation Date: 29/05/18 152 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Consultations By: Mr. Nick Skinner – International Environmental Specialist Mr. Dilshod Ibrohimov – National Environmental Specialist List of Participants: 15 Participants of these, 9 were heads of Mahalas representing approximately 4,000 people. # Name Question / Answer IEE Status Comment 1 Shamsova During There may be some Measures to inform the Ra’no implementation of temporary disruptions public in advance of any Head of civil works - will to water supply during temporary disruptions are Village of people have the construction phase. provided in Section G. Mugulon problems with water supply? Figure 54: Consultations, Guliston Jamoat I.1.2 Additional Consultations 428. Eight additional public consultations were held during the month of May, 2018 to discuss the potential impacts of the Project. The following tables summarize the findings of the meetings. List of attendees can be found in Appendix E. Rayon Shohmansur Villages Chehov, N.Muhammad and Shohmansur 1 Date 7th May 2018 153 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 43 (27 men and 16 women) from Chehov, N.Muhammad and Participants Shohmansur 1 villages, DVK representative, local authorities’ representatives Said Rozikov, Hukumat – Raicomhoz engineer, Anvar Atabaev, ADB TRTA Consultant Consultations by: Dragica Veselinovic, International Resettlement Specialist, Consultant, ADB TRTA Fozil Fozilov, National Resettlement Specialist, ADB TRTA No Questions / Statement Answers We need sanitation more that the water supply system. We need a larger diameter sewage There will be some works on main sewage pipes. Why it is not replaced/repaired earlier system in you district. The Project aims to 1 under other projects we had? Why is water still deliver potable water to all people living in dirty? Could you please repair the sewage the Project area. system? Water is dirty, people get sick. Who will pay for We understand your concerns. We hope that 2 it? Who is responsible for it? your situation will improve after this Project. The Bank needs to monitor the Project. We We cannot comment on the success of other 3 receive for Germany $9 millions for filters. Projects, but we note your concerns. Why is water still not good for drinking? Currently water is being mixed, groundwater and surface water, that's why some ‘dirt’, or sediment can be found in the pipes. Why the dirt comes from pipes? How will you 4 Other projects are providing filters for water resolve this? extracted from surface water sources, however, our project will only use groundwater so sediment in pipes will be unlikely. All households will have water-meters and We already have water-meters. Please do not -meters 5 waste money on this. We need sewage we will install some ‘smart’ water which will tell us where water is being lost, system to be repaired. leakages etc. Rayon Shohmansur Villages Vosifi, Afzali and Dilshod Barno villages Date 7th May 2018 26 (25 men and 1 woman) from Vosifi, Afzali and Dilshod Barno Participants villages, DVK representative, Raisi mahale. Said Rozikov, Hukumat – Raicomhoz engineer, Anvar Atabaev, ADB TRTA Consultant Consultations by: Dragica Veselinovic, International Resettlement Specialist, Consultant, ADB TRTA Fozil Fozilov, National Resettlement Specialist, ADB TRTA No Questions / Statement Answers Some will be taken out, some will stay and 1 What will you do with the old water pipes? new will be installed. We do not know, until detailed design, where these will be. The main goal of this project is to make water DVK is coming to clean old pipes. They break 2 available to all in the target area. We will anyway as they are old. install new pipes. 154 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Diameter of pipes is usually 15-20 cm. It What will be the diameter of the water pipes 3 depends on the number of people in each going to each household? household. ADB SPS requires us to conduct meaningful This is the first time that we have full consultations and give full information on the information about the project and the first time project, procedures, LAR stages, GRM and 4 that someone asks for our opinion. Thank entitlements. We will be happy to provide you. more information at later stages of the Project. Water under this project will be supplied from I opened the tap and a small fish came out. underground water resources. The system 5 How can we trust that water will be safe for will be independent of surface water. These drinking? kind of events will not occur anymore if the Project is implemented. Rayon Shohmansour Villages Bedil-Shohmansur 2 and 3 and Shadi Date 7th May 2018 53 (12 men and 41 woman) from Badil-Shohmansur 2 and 3 and Participants Shadi villages, DVK representative, Raisi mahale. Said Rozikov, Hukumat – Raicomhoz engineer, Anvar Atabaev, ADB TRTA Consultant Consultations by: Dragica Veselinovic, International Resettlement Specialist, Consultant, ADB TRTA Fozil Fozilov, National Resettlement Specialist, ADB TRTA No Questions / Statement Answers We have water by the schedule. We will be 1 happy if we have water 24/7. Women will The Project aims to deliver water 24/7. have easier life as water is our responsibility. We rely on women to supply water for the household. We drink water as we know that 2 women boiled it and it is safe. We trust our Noted. women, not to other information about safety. Mostly, we trust women more than men. Rayon Shohmansour Villages Chanoro 1 and Chanoro 2 Date 8th May 2018 Participants 46 (26 men and 20 woman) from Chanoro 1 and Chanoro 2 villages Said Rozikov, Hukumat – Raicomhoz engineer, Anvar Atabaev, ADB TRTA Consultant Consultations by: Dragica Veselinovic, International Resettlement Specialist, Consultant, ADB TRTA Fozil Fozilov, National Resettlement Specialist, ADB TRTA No Questions / Statement Answers 1 Who is responsible for water from the wells? DVK When they dig the road to bury pipes, will The road will be restored to its former 2 they asphalt the road after that? condition after the works are completed. Rayon Shohmansour Villages Zebunisso, Karotegin and Hovaron 155 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Date 8th May 2018 31 (23 men and 8 woman) from Zebunisso, Karotegin and Hovaron Participants villages, DVK representative, Raisi mahale. Said Rozikov, Hukumat – Raicomhoz engineer, Anvar Atabaev, ADB TRTA Consultant Consultations by: Dragica Veselinovic, International Resettlement Specialist, Consultant, ADB TRTA Fozil Fozilov, National Resettlement Specialist, ADB TRTA No Questions / Statements Answers We expect Project to start in 2019. We will Four years for the project! How can we live try to improve your situation as fast as without water? I am 88 years old and I not practical. The procedure is already 1 sure if I will live long enough to have your explained to you. We do not know yet at water delivered. Why don’t you put one pump which street we will start. The cut-off-date now that we have water now? has been issued yesterday. It will be published in the newspaper and on the TV. So, there is no exact locations where the The design is a preliminary design. Some 2 pipes will be placed. Your map does not show locations may change when we have a it. final design. You should provide water to the newly The sewerage pipes will be installed in this developed areas too. In this area, soil is not area. Landslides issues will be factored 3 so good. If people water the soil for any into designs and where possible these purposes, it may trigger land-slides. How will areas will be avoided. you handle this? Rayon Rudaki Villages Guliston Jamoat Date 10th May 2018 27 (4 men and 23 woman) from Guliston jamoat villages, DVK Participants representative, Raisi mahale, Jamoat’ representatives. Anvar Atabaev, Consultant, ADB TRTA Dragica Veselinovic, International Resettlement Specialist, Consultations by: Consultant, ADB TRTA Fozil Fozilov, National Resettlement Specialist, ADB TRTA No Questions Answers Some of the new pipes will be placed in the street area and some have to go through Where will you place new pipes? Will you the fields. The connection will be done up 1 connect water to each house or we need to to your walls. This will be done by the connect it by ourselves? Project. The connection inside your home will be your responsibility, but this activity may be subsidized. 22 households recently got new pipes. How After the rehabilitation, the pressure will 2 can we increase amount of water that we may increase, and you will have enough water. use? There is no pressure to pump water. In our school, No 34, we lose a lot of water because of broken pipes. We have 2,000 Unfortunately, at this stage improvements 3 children and sewage system does not work. to sanitation in this area is not considered. Will you consider repairing our sewage network? There is a part of Jamoat which does not ADB did surveys and studies and the 4 have water at all (Boloshahar village). Why do priority areas are chosen for rehabilitation. 156 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination you give more water to those who already Those are areas where many people will have water and to us, who does not have it benefit from the Project. The newly all, you do not consider? developed areas where few households may benefit from the Project, are not included at this stage of the Project. Rayon Rudaki Villages Rossiya Jamoat Date 10th May 2018 27 (18 men and 13 woman) from Rossiay jamoat villages, DVK Participants representative, Raisi mahale, Jamoat’ representatives. Anvar Atabaev, Consultant, ADB TRTA Dragica Veselinovic, International Resettlement Specialist, Consultations by: Consultant, ADB TRTA Fozil Fozilov, National Resettlement Specialist, ADB TRTA Meeting Answers No Questions We use water for our gardens. Otherwise, all We hope that you will have enough water will be dry. We know that we have to pay for 1 for all your needs. We hope to achieve water we use. Just if we do not have a limit this with the reduction of water losses. on water quantity. We are happy to have the Project. Will water 2 Yes. Water will be safe for drinking. be drinkable? I.1.3 Interim Workshop 429. An Interim Workshop was held on the 30th May 2018. More than 40 Project stakeholders were present including representatives from the ADB, DVK and government agencies (see Appendix F for list of attendees). During the workshop a presentation was provided relating to the environmental and social aspects of the Project (see Appendix G). Figure 55: Interim Workshop 157 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 430. There were no comments from any of the stakeholders regarding environmental and social aspects of the Project. I.2 Planned Information Disclosure 431. It is anticipated that in compliance with ADB's requirements for IEEs (Category B environmental analyses), the document will be provided for disclosure on the ADB website and on DVK website (in local language) prior to management review meeting for the Project. 432. The PIG will be responsible to notify and inform the public of construction operations prior to construction works, publish an emergency response plan disclosing his intentions to deal with accidents and emergencies, including environmental/public health emergencies associated with hazardous material spills and similar events, etc. I.3 Grievance Mechanism 433. ADB SPS 2009 requires the borrower/client to establish a mechanism to receive and facilitate the resolution of affected persons’ concerns and grievances about physical and economic displacement and other project impacts. 434. The EIA herewith includes in its scope the establishment of a responsive, readily accessible and culturally appropriate grievance redress mechanism (GRM) capable of receiving and facilitating the resolution of affected persons’ concerns and grievances related to the Project. The GRM is a formalized way for the DVK to identify and resolve concerns and DPs’ grievances. It offers the DPs a forum to voice their concerns, seek clarifications to their queries, or register complaints related to the Project’s performance. The scope of the GRM addresses issues related to involuntary resettlement, social and environmental performance, and information disclosure. 435. Establishing a functional GRM involves identifying the capacity gaps within the IA/EA and implementing a capacity building plan designed to address the capacity deficiencies. The elements of the capacity building plan include: • assessment of an existing grievance mechanism, if relevant, and capacity needs of the IA/EA; • developing the mechanisms or procedures designed to bridge the capacity gaps within the IA/EA; • delivering a briefing for the GRM members so they can manage implementation of the mechanisms or procedures; • coaching the GRM members across the entire Project processing and implementation cycle. 436. The DPs will have the right to file complaints and/or queries on any aspect of the Project, including land acquisition and resettlement. Under the adopted grievance mechanism, the DPs may appeal any decision, practice or activity related to the Project. All possible avenues will be made available to the DPs to voice their grievances. The DVK will ensure that grievances and complaints on any aspect of the Project are addressed in a timely and effective manner. 437. The fundamental objectives of the Grievance Redress Mechanism are: 158 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination • to reach mutually agreed solutions satisfactory to both, the Project and the DPs, and to resolve any grievances locally, in consultation with the aggrieved party; • to facilitate the smooth implementation of the LARP, particularly to cut down on lengthy litigation processes and prevent delays in Project implementation; • to facilitate the development process at the local level, while maintaining transparency as well as to establish accountability to the affected people. 438. The DVK has established a Grievance Redress Committees (GRC) at the Project. The GRC at Dushanbe City level will be established after the Grant effectiveness. The designated persons/ positions, members of the GRCs will be active for the duration of the Project. The DVK Project Implementation Group (PIG) will ensure effective handling of any environmental and resettlement enquiries related to the Project. The PIG will monitor the implementation of the Project. A semiannual social safeguard monitoring report will be prepared and submitted to ADB. 439. All enquiries/grievances related to the Project will be addressed with the participation of the PIG. The GRM covers issues related to social, environmental and other safeguard issues under the ADB SPS 2009 and applicable laws of Tajikistan. The following are the designated members of the GRC at the Project level: Table 33: Grievance Redress Committee at the Project Level 1. Name 2. Position 3. Telephone Saidjon Kalandarov SUE DVK Chief Engineer 934-210-444 Chief of the department for security and civil Rajab Mahmadali defense Hamidov Abdujabar Chief of dispatch services 222-20-51 Representative of Shohmansour By designation Raykomhos18 By designation Affected person’s representative 440. The GRCs will function for the duration of the Project implementation. The PIG and the TRTA Consultant will conducted training for members of the GRCs at the Project and Dushanbe City levels. I.3.1 Grievance Resolution Process 441. Grievances can be lodged with any of the GRC’ member. The GRC member receiving a complaint, will register the complaint, issue a receipt of the complaint and inform the aggrieved person about the expected timeframe for the complaint review. The received complaint will be screened for eligibility. If the complaint is: (i) not related to the project; (ii) needs to be reviewed by a separate, more appropriate procedures (e.g. issues of fraud and corruption); (iii) nature of the issue is beyond the official mandate of the GRM or (iv) complainant has no standing to lodge a grievance, the focal person will inform the complainant in writing about the eligibility and inform about other appropriate avenues for 18 Raykomhos - Rayon’s Committee for Households 159 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination addressing the complaint. This should be done within 14 calendar days of the grievance lodgment. 442. If the complaint is found eligible, it should be assigned one of the following categories: A – inquiry, clarification, suggestion, request; B – complaint regarding alleged breach of the SPS 2009 or Public Communication Policy 2011; C – allegation of fraud or corruption. 443. The complaint registered with the GRM should be reviewed, addressed and a decision made on its relevancy to the Project within 14 calendar days of lodgment. If the case is complex or requires more detailed investigation (e.g. inspection by technical experts or legal opinion from the state or certified private entities) the complaint review period may be extended to 30 calendar days or more, if necessary. In such cases, written notification should be sent to the complainant explaining the reasons for extension, describing the process and indicating the expected dates for the delivery of the results of the revision. 444. If the complaint is not resolved within the set timeframe, or the complainant is not satisfied with the GRC decision, s/he can appeal at the Dushanbe City level GRM. The Dushanbe City level GRC focal person will register the complaint/appeal, issue a written note with information on the timeframe for grievance resolution (14 to 30 days, depending on the complexity of the case) and initiate a review of the complaint. The focal person should initiate the grievance review and convene the GRC meeting no later than 5 days since the complaint was registered as eligible for the GRM. All supporting documents – photo and video materials, required certificates, legal opinions, technical expert opinions if practicable – should be prepared prior to the meeting. The minutes of each meeting should be agreed and signed by all members of the GRC no later than 3 days following the gathering. 445. All supporting documents such as, photographs, related certificates and legal and technical expert opinions, if required, should be reviewed and assessed. Once the complaint is resolved, the GRC will organize a complaint closure meeting, where the complainant confirms the closure of the complaint. The DVK PIG representative will oversee the resolution of the complaint. The DVK has a dispatch services which are available 24 hours / seven days a week. The dispatch service representative will be a member of the GRC and invited to the grievance redress meetings when required. 446. All efforts will be made to settle issues at the Project level. All complaints and resolutions will be properly documented by the DVK and made available for review, monitoring and evaluation purposes. A PIG safeguard specialist will keep in regular contact with the GRCs and will have a database for the whole Project’s grievances cases, including the status of grievances. This report will be regularly included in monthly project progress reports. 447. Regardless of the set grievance mechanism and procedures, DPs will have the right to submit their cases to a court of law at any point in time of the grievance redress process. All efforts will be made to settle the issues at the Project level through community consultation with affected person. If not possible, attempts will be made to resolve the issues at the Project level to avoid/minimize litigation as much as possible. All complaints and resolutions will be properly documented by the DVK PIG and made available for review, monitoring and evaluation purposes. 160 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 448. In addition, the complainant can appeal the decision and bring the case to the ADB Accountability Mechanism (AM). The GRM at the Project level does not in any way impede the DPs’ access to the ADB Accountability Mechanism (AM) at: • Office of the Special Project Facilitator: • Email: to be access from www.adb.org/site/accountability-mechanism/contacts 449. GRM proceedings may need one or more meetings for each complaint and may require field investigations by specific technical or valuation experts. Grievance cases shared by more than one complainant may be held together as a single case. 450. For appeals lodged directly to the DVK, the designated person will, together with the GRC will review the case and attempt to find a resolution together with the aggrieved person. 451. At each level of appeal, the GRC will be assisted, as required, by the professional capacity needed to solve specific cases. This may include among others: a. Jamoat and/or hukumat and mahalla representatives b. Related land committee c. Representatives of the State Agency for Architecture d. State Agency for Environment and Forestry e. State Unitary Enterprise for Housing and Communal Services f. Technical expertise from professional water and sanitation engineers g. Representatives of displaced persons h. Representatives of Women’s Affairs i. Other specialized organizations as necessary 452. The following figure schematically presents the grievance redress process: Figure 56: Grievance Redress Process Dushanbe City level GRC (14 days for resolution. Complex cases - additional Grievance addressed 14 days for resolution) Complaint settled DVK GRC (14 days for resolution. Complex cases – Grievance addressed additional 14 days) DVK FP registers and screens the complaint for Court of Law ADB AM eligibility Complainant I.3.2 Duties of GRC Members 161 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Focal Point (FP) Once the FP receives a written notification of a complaint s/he will: • based on the simple screening procedure, asses the grievance and determine if the grievance is eligible for the GRM; if eligible, register the grievance in the complaints logbook; • wright a grievance summary to be signed by the complainant and the FP indicating name of the complainant, date and place of presentation of complaint, description of complaint and supporting documents, if any; • send the complaint summary to all members of the local level GRC; • convey requests and enquiries of the complainants to the PIG and to the other members of the GRC at the local level; • organize a grievance redress meeting; • maintain records of each meeting and each communication between the FP/GRC and the complainants; • participate at appeal cases at all levels; • ensure administrative and organizational support for GRC members. Supervision Consultant Resettlement Specialist Once notified of a complaint and the FP has been invited to a grievance meeting the Consultant will: • participate to all grievance meetings, provide opinions and analysis; • accompany eventual assessment/valuation specialists in the field, • provide other GRC members as relevant with opinion and suggestions for resolution to be reflected in the final meeting report. GRC Chairperson Once notified that a complainant has lodged an appeal case at the central level, the GRC chairperson will: • review the local level GRC decision; • invite the GRC members to the meeting; • chair the GRC meetings and ensure that the minutes of the meeting are taken and shared with all relevant parties; • inform the aggrieved person of the GRC’s decision; • ensure administrative and organizational support for GRC members to work; • support the decision made by the GRC and follow up to ensure action is taken. DVK PIG Safeguards Specialists Once notified that a complainant has lodged at the central level, the PIG Safeguards specialist will: • participate in GRC meetings at local and central level; • prepare the chronology of events to understand the sequence of developments prompting the complaint; • provide opinion on resettlement impacts claimed by the claimant; • request that the chairperson organizes meetings, as necessary; • maintain communication between the GRC and the complainants. Technical Experts When requested by the DVK PIG to provide technical expertise for the assessment of an impact claimed by the complainant, the relevant expert will: • examine the case, perform relevant tests or an investigation; • prepare a short report based on the results of the examination completed; • recommend if further or additional legal opinion or expertise is needed to make a judgment on the substance of the case. I.3.3 GRC Complaint Register, Records and Documentation 453. The DVK PIG will maintain the complaint register. This will include a record of all complaints for regular monitoring of grievances and results of services performed by the GRCs for periodic review by the ADB. 162 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 163 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination J. Conclusions and Recommendations J.1 Conclusions 454. This IEE has established that there are no significant environmental issues that cannot be either totally prevented or adequately mitigated to levels acceptable to the GoT and international standards for Project activities. No significant residual impacts will remain if the mitigation measures are implemented and the management plans are implemented. 455. The total estimate costs of the environmental mitigation and management to be funded by ADB has been calculated at approximately $133,800 (less than 0.5% of the total Project costs), or an average of approximately $66,900 per project package. J.2 Recommendations 456. The EMP contained herewith will be included within the Bidding documents for project works for all Project activities The Bid documents state that the Contractor will be responsible for the implementation of the requirements of the package specific EMPs through his own SEMP which will adopt all of the conditions of the EMPs and add any site specific elements. This ensures that all potential bidders are aware of the environmental requirements of the Project and its associated environmental costs. 457. The EMP and all its requirements will then be added to the Contractors Contract, thereby making implementation of the EMP a legal requirement according to the Contract. He will then prepare his SEMP which will be approved and monitored by the PIG. Should the PIG note any non-conformance with the SEMP (and the EMP) the Contractor can be held liable for breach of the contractual obligations of the EMP. To ensure compliance with the SEMP the Contractor will employ an Environmental Health and Safety Office to monitor and report Project activities throughout the Project Construction phase. 164 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination APPENDIX A: WATER QUALITY RESULTS – KAFARNIGAN AND VARZOB RIVERS 165 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Properties of water pollution in the river Kafarnigan before merger, for the period 2010 year Main ions (mg/l) Nitrogen mg/l 3 3 4 ++ ++ 2 Na HCO Ca SO 4 4 Eh pH ++ t °C t Σmg/l K NH Date of collection IronFe Turbidity FTU TurbidityFTU NitriteNO Ammonium NitrateNO3 Htotal, mg/eqv.l Htotal, mg/eqv.l Sodium - Chlorine - CI Sulfate - Calcium - Manganese - Mg Manganese - Mg Alkalinity - Chromaticity mg/l Chromaticity pt mg/l January 7.8 20 11 7.42 28.7 6.1 82.7 42 12 53.6 47 - 1.8 332 9 0.029 0.42 - February ------March 10.4 10 8 7.52 32.5 2.58 72.6 42 2.5 0 60 - 1.8 321 - 0.071 0.35 - April 0 90 23 7.5 33.5 2.65 56 36 4.5 36.9 9.85 - 2.4 211 - 0.006 0.06 - May 0 ------June 22 50 41 7.2 12.2 2.65 - 40 3.6 41.4 72 - 2.1 191 - 0.025 0.18 - July 14.5 60 20 7.46 31.9 5.75 135.24 27 2.8 - - - 2.1 145 - 0.062 - - August ------September ------October 16.3 10 5 7.67 26.3 - - 178 - - 37 - 1.3 301 - 0.07 0.26 - November ------December 8.1 120 38 7.96 48.2 - - 100 9 - 9.6 - 2 340 - 0.029 0.15 - 166 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Properties of water pollution in the river Kafarnigan before merger, for the period 2011 year Main ions (mg/l) Nitrogen mg/l 3 3 4 4 2 4 Dateof ++ ++ Eh pH ++ t °C t FTU m CI CI Σmg/l Na Mg Mg K NH collection collection Htotal, SO NO mg/l pt Ca NO3 NO3 HCO mg/eqv.l mg/eqv.l Nitrite Turbidity Nitrate Iron Fe Ammoniu Chromaticity January February March April May June 11.7 80 11 7.79 43.3 2.09 99.8 80 0 1.23 10.5 - 1.6 177 - 0.0017 3.8 - 0.001 July 17.2 70 17 8.32 64.5 1.93 113.4 36 17.7 25.8 7.80 - 1.6 190 0 0.0220 4.30 0.18 August September October November December 167 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Properties of water pollution in the river Kafarnigan before merger, for the period 2013 year Main ions (mg/l) Nitrogen mg/l 2 3 3 4 4 4 ++ ++ Eh pH ++ t °C t CI CI Σmg/l Na Mg Mg K NH SO Ca HCO IronFe NitriteNO Date of collection Turbidity FTU TurbidityFTU Ammonium NitrateNO3 Htotal, mg/eqv.l Htotal,mg/eqv.l Chromaticity mg/l Chromaticity pt mg/l January February March April May June July 22.4 60.2 221.0 August 0 20.00 8.00 8.26 0 1.22 - 75.00 11.30 25.10 - - - 0 - 0.003 0.20 - September ------ 330.0 October 15.9 30 11 7.91 39.9 - - 49.00 65.2 55.80 7.50 - - 0 0.007 0.009 0.28 - November December 168 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Properties of water pollution in the river Kafarnigan before merger, for the period 2014 year Main ions (mg/l) Nitrogen mg/l 2 3 3 4 4 4 ++ ++ pt Eh pH ++ t °C t CI CI Σmg/l Na Mg Mg K NH SO Ca HCO Iron Fe NitriteNO Turbidity FTU TurbidityFTU Ammonium NitrateNO3 Dateof collection Htotal, mg/eqv.l Htotal,mg/eqv.l Chromaticity mg/l Chromaticitymg/l January 12.3 40 14 7.96 40.6 3.31 84 75 15.7 8.9 0 - 3.8 470 0 0.007 0.22 0.01 52.8 424.0 February 9.20 10.00 5.00 7.99 0 - - 20.00 - - - - 1.80 0 - 0.006 1.00 0.00 March April 14.0 38.6 424.0 May 9.2 40 0 7.85 0 - - 22.00 - - - - 2.30 0 0.03 0.02 0.30 0.04 12.2 June 15.7 60 20 7.89 38.9 2.99 0 19 5.1 18.23 - 1.3 157 - 0 1.2 0.02 July 12.7 50 17 0 8.05 2.11 0 27 6.05 2.4 9.00 1.1 142 - - - - August September 11.0 October 39.7 12 0 7.82 34.2 3.39 - 0.03 5.90 5.93 5.23 - - 3.97 0.007 0.011 - - November 284.0 December 2 3 11 7.9 41.6 1.36 - 42 0 3.70 - - 2.00 0 - 0.01 - - 169 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Properties of water pollution in the river Kafarnigan before merger, for the period 2015 year Main ions (mg/l) Nitrogen mg/l 2 3 3 4 4 4 ++ ++ Eh pH ++ t °C t CI CI Σmg/l Na Mg Mg K NH SO Ca HCO Iron Fe Date of collection Dateof collection Turbidity FTU TurbidityFTU NitriteNO Ammonium NitrateNO3 Htotal, mg/eqv.l Htotal,mg/eqv.l Chromaticity mg/l Chromaticity pt mg/l January 7.1 30 11 8.19 56.2 0 0 34 0 30.9 12.8 - 2.4 297 0.002 0.006 0 0.02 February ------0 ------ March 9.5 30 11 8.17 52.1 0 0 60 0 0 0 - 0 234 0.002 0 0 0.02 April 10.9 30 11 8.07 48.1 0 0 31 0 0 0 203.0 May 13.3 40 14 7.54 19.1 - - 39 0 32.10 32.10 - - 0 0.001 0.003 - 0.03 June 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - 0 - - - - 156.0 July 14.3 20 8 7.94 40.8 2.4 0 36 0 32.1 32.10 - - 0 - - - 0.03 August 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ------ 17.1 23.0 38.7 335.0 September 0 70.00 0 7.96 0 2.90 - 42 0 60.9 32.10 - - 0 - 0.006 - - 14.2 100.0 32.0 37.7 365.0 October 0 0 0 7.90 0 - - 46 0 - - - - 0 - - - - 363.0 November 9.4 20 8.00 7.84 33.1 7.20 - 45.00 0 38.50 60.90 - - 0 - 0.002 - 0.02 47.6 300.0 December 3.90 10.00 5.00 8.12 0 3.84 - 33.00 0 38.50 38.50 - - 0 - 0.006 - 0.03 170 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Properties of water pollution in the river Kafarnigan before merger, for the period 2016 year Main ions (mg/l) Nitrogen mg/l 2 3 3 4 4 4 ++ ++ Eh pH ++ t °C t CI CI Σmg/l Na Mg Mg K NH SO Ca HCO Date of collection Dateof collection Iron Fe Turbidity FTU TurbidityFTU NitriteNO Ammonium NitrateNO3 Htotal, mg/eqv.l Htotal,mg/eqv.l Chromaticity mg/l Chromaticity pt mg/l January 5 100 32 8.21 52.1 3.84 0 52 0 0 0 - 0 303 0 0.01 0 0.02 20.0 73.9 303.0 February 5.00 40.00 0 5.60 0 3.40 0 33.00 0 - - - - 0 - 0.014 - 0.01 March 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 - April 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 0 0 - 109.0 May 22.7 20 8 7.79 33.4 2.80 0 40 0 0.80 24.30 - - 0 - 0.008 - 0.03 0 June 12.7 110 35 7.86 35.4 0 0 42 0 0 0.01 - 208 - 0.010 0.450 0.02 591.0 July 15.7 60 20 7.68 25.1 6.4 0 56 0 4.24 26.20 - - 0 - 0.001 0.270 - August 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ------ 16.8 108.0 108. 32.8 450.0 September 0 0 00 7.34 2.70 2.05 0 56.00 0 - - - 0 0 - - - 0.02 19.4 17.0 23.5 205.0 October 0 50.00 0 7.54 0 1.62 0 29.00 0 16.00 - - - 0 - 0.001 - 0.04 14.0 100.0 November 14.5 40 0 6.70 15.6 5.20 0 0 0 40.00 9.20 - 8.14 0.02 - - - 17.0 31.7 100.0 530.0 December 7.30 50.00 0 7.81 0 2.40 0 0 0 32.10 - 4.65 6.09 0 0.002 0.009 - - 171 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Properties of water pollution in the river Varzob Dagana, for the period 2015 year Main ions (mg/l) Nitrogen mg/l 2 3 3 4 4 4 ++ ++ Eh pH ++ t °C t CI CI Na Mg Mg K NH Colour Colour SO Ca HCO Iron Fe Turbidity FTU TurbidityFTU NitriteNO Ammonium NitrateNO3 H total,H mg/eqv.l Σminiriliгation mg/l Σminiriliгation Date of collection January 5.70 10.00 5.00 7.96 43.30 2.53 - 34.00 - 37.10 8.30 - 2.20 210.00 - - - - February ------ March 9.50 10.00 5.00 7.86 35.90 - - 30.00 - - - - - 211.00 0.01 - - - April 12.60 90.00 29.00 7.56 48.20 - - 45.00 - - - - - 196.00 0.005 0.004 - 0.04 May 12.40 60.00 20.00 7.99 44.10 3.00 - 40.00 - 35.30 - - - 153.00 0.002 0.003 - 0.07 June 12.80 40.00 14.00 7.84 35.20 - - 35.00 - - 15.10 - - 140.00 - - - 0.01 July 14.00 20.00 8.00 8.18 53.10 2.22 - 28.00 - 20.80 - - - 123.00 - 0.004 - - August 16.20 40.00 14.00 8.25 12.10 3.04 - 27.00 - 38.50 - - - 158.00 - - - - September 13.90 20.00 8.00 8.07 52.20 2.56 - 39.00 - 32.10 - - - 179.00 0.006 - - - October 10.70 40.00 14.00 8.26 56.70 - - 83.00 - - 11.70 - - 190.00 - - - - November 6.90 10.00 5.00 8.30 57.60 6.56 - 28.00 - 24.00 - - - 200.00 - - - - December 4.50 10.00 5.00 8.19 51.10 3.44 - 49.00 - 40.10 65.20 - - 202.00 - 0.007 - - 172 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Properties of water pollution in the river Varzob Dagana, for the period 2016 year Main ions (mg/l) Nitrogen mg/l 3 3 ++ ++ 4 ++ 2 4 4 Eh pH t °C t NH IronFe Turbidity FTU TurbidityFTU NitriteNO Sodium Na Chloride CI SulfateSO Ammonium NitrateNO3 Htotal, mg/eqv.l Htotal,mg/eqv.l CalciumCa minirilization mg/l minirilization Manganese Mg ManganeseMg AlkalinityHCO PotassiumK Chromaticity mg/l Chromaticity pt mg/l Date of collection January 5.50 100.00 32.00 8.04 31.50 2.72 - 40.00 ------0.01 0.004 - 0.05 February 5.60 60.00 20.00 8.46 65.70 2.72 - 39.00 - - - - - 363.00 - - - - March 8.80 30.00 11.00 8.33 60.70 1.48 - 29.00 ------0.001 - - April 8.50 40.00 14.00 8.29 50.20 2.40 - 39.00 ------0.020 - - 0.01 May 9.70 30.00 11.00 8.33 55.40 3.20 - 38.00 - 1.76 17.50 - - 138.00 - 0.002 - - June 10.50 90.00 29.00 8.03 44.80 2.40 - 33.00 - 40.00 - 0.50 - 246.00 - 0.007 0.03 0.02 July 11.50 30.00 17.00 8.21 55.80 4.64 3.30 31.00 - 4.32 3.89 - - 198.00 - 0.002 0.18 0.03 August 14.20 50.00 17.00 8.02 46.30 3.44 - 36.00 - - - - - 493.00 - 0.003 - - September 26.20 100.00 32.00 7.46 44.30 2.10 ------320.00 - - - - October ------ November 6.80 10.00 5.00 - 76.60 1.60 - 38.00 - 28.80 3.68 - 7.40 100.00 - - - 0.01 December 5.80 30.00 20.00 8.42 64.10 3.36 - 45.00 - 25.60 - 4.38 6.00 370.00 0.004 0.002 - - 173 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination APPENDIX B: ASBESTOS MANAGEMENT METHOD STATEMENT TEMPLATE 174 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Asbestos Method Statement 1. Summary of Works • To remove asbestos cement roof sheets. • The site will be fenced off and warning signage will be displayed. • Access to the sheets will be by ladder / access tower. • All sheets will be placed in a sealed skip, where possible the sheets will be lifted whole once the fixings have been cut. • The method of work is as HSE A14 asbestos essentials. 2. Plant and Equipment • Ladder / access tower and hand tools. 3. Site Team • Site Supervisor • Operatives 4. PPE and First Aid • Mandatory requirements hard hat, safety footwear, gloves, hi-vis, P3 facemask, type 5/6 coveralls, eye protection. • First aid kit. 5. General site procedures All waste into designated skips. 6. Interface with others • All personnel on site to be notified of asbestos removal works. • Working area is cordoned off. 7. Method of work • The operatives will be briefed on the method statement and associated risks, they will be handed copies of A14 asbestos essentials to make reference to. • No work to proceed until the extent of the works has been agreed on site. • The workforce will undertake a site safety induction. • After all personnel have been site inducted the site supervisor will read through the method statements covering the works to be carried out so all operatives understand the safe method of work. Once all operatives understand the safe method of work to be used they will sign the method statement to say that they will work to this method at all times, if an amendment is needed to the method statement this can only be done by an site manager and all operatives must sign this appendix to say they will use this safe method of work. • The site supervisor will first do a toolbox talk on the removal of asbestos products and will issue the relevant PPE. 175 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination • Operative will remove the sheets as a whole as possible, ploythene will be placed on the floor first so as to catch any small pieces that may drop to the floor. • The operatives will start to remove the sheets from one end and work down each garage. As the fixings from one sheet are cut the sheet will be removed by the operative on the podium and passed the operative on the ground who will then take it and place it in a sealed skip, once the roof sheets have been removed the ploythene sheet will be rolled up on itself and used again in the building. • All sheets will be taken to a licensed landfill site under the cover of a consignment note. • All PPE and ploythene sheet will be disposed of as asbestos waste. All plant to be cleaned of f at the end of the day and the residue disposed of as asbestos waste. • Full PPE will be worn at all times when removing the cement bonded asbestos sheeting. The work area to be clean at all times and as work progresses an operative will pick up any small pieces, which have fallen on the floor. • The site will be left in a clean and tidy condition, on completion a site inspection will be made before any demolition work commences. 8. Emergency procedures • Mobile phone for emergency communication • Trained first aiders • First aid kit on site • Spill kit on site • In the event of an accident/incident all work will cease immediately. The area will be made safe and the site management will conduct an investigation and when it is completed work will commence depending on the outcome of the investigation and severity of the accident. Instruction to commence will be given by the site manager. 9. Emergency Contact Numbers Name: Number: 10. Method Statement Induction Induction by: Print and sign your name below agreeing to comply with the method statement as detailed above. Print Sign Date 176 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination APPENDIX C: PUBLIC CONSULTATION PRESENTATION 177 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 178 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 179 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 180 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 181 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 182 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 183 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination APPENDIX D: PUBLIC CONSULTATION ATTENDEES JAMOAT GULISTON 184 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 185 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 186 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination List of Participants, Enviromental Consultation/ С а , а я а 29.05.2018 Time;14:00 Location;Meeting salon of Jamoat Guliston : а ща я а а а я:14:00 № Name/ я Company/К а Position/ П я Phone Signiture/П я/Villages Representatives and number/ Head of Mahallas а 1 Mirzosharipova Guliston Representatives and 93-734-22-22 + Salima Head of Mahallas 2 Rahmatulloeva G Guliston Representatives and 93-774-56-65 + Head of Mahallas 3 Shamsova Ra’no Mugulon Representatives and 91-919-39-10 + Head of Mahallas 4 Komilova Mehri Guliston Representatives and 917-98-16-52 + Head of Mahallas 5 Aliev Davlatali Guliston Representatives and 91-983-10-10 + Head of Mahallas 6 Burhanov Tojiddin Guliston Representatives and 93-479-07-06 + Head of Mahallas 7 Safaralieva Mohira Guliston Representatives and 91-111-99-13 + Head of Mahallas 8 Halimov Mugulon Representatives and 90-488-87-80 + Head of Mahallas 9 Ikromov Ibromsho Mugulon Representatives and + Head of Mahallas 10 Ziyoev Lutfullo Mugulon Representatives and 91-520-17-22 + Head of Mahallas 11 Tilloev Pulod Dehqonobod,Jam Representatives and 91-569-78-81 + oat Kolkhozi Head of Mahallas Rassiya 12 Turgunov Dehqonobod,Jam Representatives and 91-570-17-97 + Abdusattor oat Kolkhozi Head of Mahallas Rassiya 13 Ganiev Abdumutal Dehqonobod,Jam Representatives and 91-715-95-18 + oat,Rossiya Head of Mahallas 14 Bargov Guliston Representatives and 90-171-16-21 + Head of Mahallas 187 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination SHOMANSOUR 188 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination List of Participants, Enviromental Consultation/ С а , а я а 29.05.2018 Location;Meeting salon of Hukumat Shohmansur district : а ща я Х а а а а Ш а Time;10:00 я:10:00 № Name/ я Company/К а Position/П я Phone Signiture/П я/Mahalla number/ а 1 Hasanov Zebunisso Head of Mahalla 93-734-22-22 + 2 Roziev Dilshodi Barno Head of Mahalla 91-955-38-38 + 3 Bozorova Chekhov Head of Mahalla 918-42-12-69 + 4 Qodirov Vosifi Head of Mahalla 908-28-40-01 + 5 Hasanov Buston-2 Head of aMahalla 98-891-68-92 + 6 Ragibov A Buston-1 Head of Mahalla 904-18-72-26 + 7 Salomov Khovaron Head of Mahalla 908-28-70-53 + 8 Yakubov Badakhshon Head of Mahalla 907-71-52-53 + 9 Gulomova Bedil Head of Mahalla 917-25-51-45 + 10 Hakimova Shohmansur-1 Head of Mahalla 901-11-82-67 + 11 Zakulloeva Shohmansur-2 Head of Mahalla 917-18-79-99 + 12 Saidova Shohmansur-3 Head of Mahalla 917-04-07-71 + 189 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination APPENDIX E: ADDITIONAL CONSULTATION ATTENDEES Chehov, N.Muhammad and Shohmansur 1 190 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Vosifi, Afzali and Dilshod Barno villages 191 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Bedil-Shohmansur 2 and 3 and Shadi 192 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Chanoro 1 and Chanoro 2 193 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Zebunisso, Karotegin and Hovaron 194 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Guliston Jamoat 195 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination Rossiya Jamoat 196 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination APPENDIX F: INTERIM WORKSHOP ATTENDEES 197 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination APPENDIX G: INTERIM WORKSHOP PRESENTATION 198 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 199 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 200 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 201 Dushanbe Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP) Initial Environmental Examination 202