REGISTERED AT THE G.P.O. Vol. 9. No. 52. [ AS A NEWSPAPER ] MAY 14, 2020. Weekly Price 6d.

FEMINISM DIVIDED ...... WINIFRED HOLTBY RETROSPECT—A Short Story ...... E. M. DELAFIELD NOTES ON THE WAY ...... LADY RHONDDA THE MARCH OF THE WOMEN ...... ETHEL SMYTH

CENTENARY ISSUE

A souvenir edition of Time and Tide (1920–1979) to mark the centenary of its first issue, including original contributions by an interwar generation of women writers and journalists, and a Foreword by Polly Toynbee. [February 22, 1929] [February May 14, 2020 TIME AND TIDE ii Time and Tide—A Foreword By POLLY TOYNBEE. hundred years ago might seem an age away, and right-wing News of the World and the Sunday Express. yet here women’s writings leap fresh from these Lady Rhondda, though, in TIME AND TIDE, was Apages, their causes all too familiar today. magnificently excoriating of Lord Rothermere, founder Feminism gets remade for each generation, but core of the Daily Mail, Nazi supporting in the 1930s. questions barely change. Great victories are won, laws For all classes, motherhood is still career and pay are passed, women’s rights advance, and yet, and yet destiny. Fathers may help more in a semi-cultural shift, so many everyday fundamentals stay the same. but the numbers tell the story of who steps back when TIME AND TIDE launched in 1920 as the only weekly a child is born and who takes a part-time job below their review magazine owned and edited by a woman, Lady qualifications to fit family life, damaging their future Rhondda. She sought out feminists, radical women prospects permanently. writers and journalists at a time when the first stage of Virginia Woolf’s A Room of One’s Own, reviewed in women’s su!rage had just been won — but only the right TIME AND TIDE in 1929, was no revelatory new subject, to vote for women over 30 ( and not all of them ). It felt the reviewer noted firmly, after decades of tirades from like a half-made revolution — and it still does. Even su!ragists. But Woolf’s brilliance was the eloquence of when women won the full franchise, that turned out to her feminism : “ How were these topics to be disguised be just another way-station on the long, long road. as kittens when they were so easy to spot at a glance as These articles are a fascinating continuing story of man-eating tigers bristling with the weapons of attack great feminist arguments through the interwar years and defence ? ” Feminism far overleaps Marxism as the among women writers of the calibre of Winifred Holtby, most revolutionary idea that ever set out to upend Rebecca West, Naomi Mitchison and Ellen Wilkinson, societies anywhere. It reaches into the heart and soul, with a literary distinction well beyond the polemics of uprooting deepest-held beliefs inculcated from a child’s the soap box. first breath on the nature of being a man or a woman. The magazine promoted the Six Point Group, Like every revolutionary movement, feminism was founded by Lady Rhondda, with its demands for widows’ always riven with splits ; look at the trans divisions now. pensions, equal parental rights to the guardianship of The moderate su!ragists, who more or less won the children, rights for unmarried mothers, and equal pay argument, were outraged by interloping militant bomb- for women teachers and women in the civil service. All throwing su!ragettes. I laughed at the familiarity of these were won, and yet time and again, winning in Winifred Holtby in 1926 taking up cudgels on behalf of parliament and winning in the law courts is only half Old feminists against New Feminists : the soft New said the battle. Look how single mothers remain much the the battle was won, women must stand up for men and largest group of the poor. Progress is slow, incremental boys too, and for mutual issues, such as Family and fought for every inch of the way. Allowances. Holtby’s Old fundamentalists held out for In the 1970s those of us who celebrated Barbara the full equality of “ a society in which men and women Castle’s Equal Pay Act and Sex Discrimination Act work together for the good of all mankind ; a society in thought that it was all done and dusted, an end to which there is no respect of persons, either male or women’s impoverishment and disadvantage. New laws female, but a supreme regard for the importance of the on women’s rights marked vital break-throughs — but human being. ” were never enough. There followed women ambassadors, The magazine’s writers concern themselves permanent secretaries and vice chancellors crashing fearlessly with menstruation as no barrier to women’s through glass ceilings : women could do anything, in e"ciency, to contraception, and beyond, to anti-racism theory. in South Africa and Alabama, the rise of the Nazis and But look at the statistics, and see how women are the plight of Jewish refugees. As TIME AND TIDE turned still clustered in the lowest paid sectors as cleaners, outwards to the world, it featured women writers’ carers, caterers and cashiers, low-paid because their work perspectives, sadly sometimes anonymised to prevent is undervalued, and undervalued because their work is too many women deterring male readers. It’s easy to traditionally done by women, in a depressing circularity forget that women political writers and reporters in the of women segregated in “ traditional ” servicing roles. mainstream press is a startlingly new phenomenon : How good to find TIME AND TIDE reporting meetings in there was just one woman parliamentary lobby cor - support of low-paid women, defending women council respondent when I started out in the early 1970s. workers whose pay was cut by 19 shillings in 1928 : “ The This centenary edition reflects TIME AND TIDE’s rich government auditors made a great mistake if they celebration of women, from its reprinting of composer thought that the incident of the Woolwich Municipal Dame Ethel Smyth’s “ March of the Women ” to its Bath and Lavatory Attendants was going to slip past the report on the triumph of Amy Johnson’s flight proving notice of the women electors. ” Feminism, then as now, “ the sex division between the male and the female is was never just for the ambitions of professional women. absurd. ” And yet here too is an advertisement for a But although feminists have tended to be on the left, gut-contorting corset, an inadvertent reminder of the cause was always fraught with contradictions : never everyday conventions outside these pages. Alas, those forget that the women’s vote guaranteed Conservative ads never paid enough : Lady Rhondda had ploughed governments until 1997, the first time a majority of much of her fortune into the paper by the time of her women voted Labour. Neither have all women death in 1958. But in an almost all-male world of political journalists been beacons of progressivism : the first journalism, for years she held open a bright space for women editors in the mainstream press were for the women writers. Vol. 9. MAY 14, 2020. No. 52.

CONTENTS PAGE PAGE REVIEW OF THE WEEK ...... 1 CORRESPONDENCE ...... 16 LEADING ARTICLES : BOOKS : TIME AND TIDE ...... 4 Politics and their Background, by Mary The Six Point Group ...... 4 Agnes Hamilton ...... 19 To the Victors—the Laurels ...... 5 Rolled Logs, by N. G. Royde-Smith ... 19 THE WEEKLY CROWD, by Chimæra ...... 7 The Importance of Art, by Sylvia Lynd 20 PERSONALITIES AND POWERS : Winifred Cullis 7 Five Hundred a Year and a Room of FEMINISM DIVIDED, by Winifred Holtby ... 8 One’s Own, by Theodora Bosanquet ... 22 THE REVOLT AGAINST INTERNATIONALISM— The Health of Women, by V. B...... 22 GERMAN VARIETY, by Cicely Hamilton ... 9 MUSIC, by Christopher St. John ...... 23 NOTES ON THE WAY, by Lady Rhondda ...... 11 THE THEATRE ...... 24 MISCELLANY : ART, by G. Raverat ...... 25 Retrospect, by E. M. Delafield ...... 13 FILM, by Hecate ...... 26 The Millionaire’s Daughter Makes WESTMINSTER ...... 27 Good, by Marghanita Laski ...... 13 IN THE TIDEWAY ...... 27 The Midsummer Apple Tree, by Naomi TIME TABLE ...... 28 Mitchison ...... 14 OUR MEN’S PAGE ...... 29 The March of the Women, by Ethel SPORT, by Eustace E. White ...... 30 Smyth ...... 15 COMPETITION ...... 31

REVIEW OF THE WEEK

The Programme outlined in TIME AND The Six Equal The great Equal Political Rights TIDE for November 19th, which Point Group Political Demonstration was successful beyond included :— (1) Widows Pensions, Rights the hopes of its most enth usiastic pro- (2) Strengthening the law with regard to Child Assault, Demonstration moters. All the colours of the rain- (3) Equal guardianship of children for married parents, bow hung from the banners and (4) Better laws dealing with the position of the pennons of the long procession as it wended its way unmarried mother and her child, (5) Equal pay for from the Embankment to Hyde Park. The veterans teachers, (6) Equal opportunities for men and women were there, led by Mrs. Pankhurst, following an old pur- in the Civil Service, has now become the charter of ple, white and green banner of militant days. There “ The Six Point Group. ” This body, which was only were contingents of women of all professions, including inaugurated last week, has received a friendly welcome women journalists who walked in a procession as a pro- in the general Press, and has even within this short fessional group for the first time. America sent her con- space of time shown an extra ordinary capacity for tingent : the National Woman’s Party contributed a growth. It already numbers among its adherents the special section and walked next to the Six Point Group, representatives of a number of societies, whilst Miss beneath banners of purple, white and gold, and bearing Cicely Hamilton, Dr. Adeline Roberts, Miss Lowndes, aloft the motto “ Women have Equal Franchise in the Dr. Winifred Cullis, Miss Elizabeth Robins, Miss United States, why not in England ? ” A great body of Clemence Dane, Mrs. H. B. Irving and Mrs. Chalmers women teachers brought up the rear of the procession. Watson are amongst the many individuals who have Huge crowds assembled in Hyde Park to listen to the promised their support. The headquarters of the new speakers. The following resolutions were passed from group are at 92, Victoria Street, S.W., to which address all the fourteen platforms with acclamation :— “ That all those interested should write. [February 25, 1921] this Mass Demonstration demands an immediate Gov- ernment measure giving votes to women at 21 on the * * * same terms as men. ” “ That this Mass Demonstration 2 TIME AND TIDE May 14, 2020 demands for Peeresses in their own right a seat, voice B.B.C. Festival of her works on May 20th, and in the and vote in the House of Lords. ” The Prime Minister Correspondence columns will be found an appeal on has since been approached in the name of the organisa- behalf of the “ Ethel Smyth Jubilee Fund ” which we tions taking part in the demonstration to ask that he warmly commend to the consideration of our readers. shall receive a deputation to lay these resolutions before [May 18, 1928] him. [July 9, 1926] * * * * * * “ Time and Ever since its first appearance eight The Equal The Government’s Bill “ to assimilate Tide ” years ago TIME AND TIDE has been Franchise the franchise for men and women in priced at fourpence. Next week’s iss- Bill respect of parliamentary and local ue will mark a new departure. It will then, as already government elections ; and for pur - announced, fall into line with the other weekly reviews poses consequential thereon ”, introduced into the in respect both to size and to price. Of recent years House of Commons last Monday, may receive its the progress of the paper has been very rapid, its second reading next week. The short title of the Bill growth in circulation has attested to the hold it has is the “ Representation of the People (Equal Franchise) gained upon the public, and, as The Sunday Times Bill. ” The Bill, which is the short and simple measure commented this week, it “ has definitely placed itself that the women’s organisations have all along de - in the forefront of the weekly reviews. ” At the price manded, provides that both the Parliamentary and the of fourpence, however, it has not been possible to deal Local Government Franchise shall be the same for as fully with all aspects of current a!airs, and esp - men and women. The women’s organisations are ecially with books and literary subjects, as the Editor completely satisfied with the text of the Bill, which would have wished. The decision to raise it to six- provides for absolute equality. The following res ol - pence has therefore been taken. Special features of ution has been passed and sent to the Press by the the enlarged paper are advertised elsewhere, and will, Equal Political Rights Campaign Committee : “ That we believe, be welcomed. [October 5, 1928] the Equal Political Rights Campaign Committee * * heartily welcomes the introduction of the Equal * Franchise Bill, expresses its strong satisfaction at its The question of Equal Pay will terms, and begs the Government to pass it through all Equal undoubtedly be one of the issues at its stages without delay. ” It may be noted that the Pay the forthcoming General Election. title of the Bill is so drafted as to rule out any There are few subjects upon which working women, amendments to the Bill in respect to redistribution, whether professional or industrial, feel so strongly. proportional representation or the alternative vote— The government auditors made a great mistake if they amendments which might well have endangered its thought that the incident of the Woolwich Municipal passage. There has been during recent months anx- Bath and Lavatory Attendants was going to slip past iety as to whether the Bill would in fact be the short, the notice of the women electors. The Conference on simple measure asked for by the women’s org - Equal Pay summoned last Friday by the Open Door anisations—that anxiety is now set at rest. In Council was crowded with representatives of women’s in troducing the Measure in this form the Prime organisations from every walk of life ; and the Minister has undoubtedly had regard to his pledge both in the spirit and in the letter. [March 16, 1928] inconvenience su!ered by members of the audience for whom there were no chairs, reflected the public * * indignation felt against an order which has cut o! 19s. * from the wages of the poorest municipal employees of The March On another page we publish the Woolwich, simply because they are women. Their men of the words and music of Dame Ethel colleagues, doing precisely the same work, continue to Women Smyth’s “ The March of the Women ”— draw their former wages. The results do not concern a composition which will find a place Woolwich alone. Speaking from the chair, Mrs. Abbott in political history. This fine March is fraught with told how the salaries of women civil servants in memories for all su!ragists, and particularly for the Jerusalem had been reduced because the government militant members of the Women’s Social and Political there learned that unequal pay prevailed in the British Union, for whom it was written, and whose battle-cry Civil Service. A protest meeting to be held next Thurs - it became. The author of the words has remained day in the Central Hall, Westminster, by the Civil anon ymous all these years, but we now have the Service Equal Pay Committee, re-emphasises the permission of Miss Cicely Hamilton to disclose a well- determination of the women to whom this matter is kept secret and attach her name to them. With the one of vital importance to make their new power felt. approaching translation of the Franchise Bill to the [November 23, 1928] Statute Book, and Dame Ethel Smyth’s forthcoming musical Jubilee, the present seems a fitting moment * * * to revive these memories ; and we are grateful to the composer for her permission to reprint, and also for Miss Amy If it had been said before Miss Amy her especial kindness in herself writing out for these Johnson’s Johnson’s historic flight that a young columns the particular arrangement we publish. The Flight and inexperienced woman would Ethel Smyth Jubilee celebrations will begin with a successfully follow in the track of Mr. May 14, 2020 TIME AND TIDE 3

Hinkler, one of the most daring and experienced of On and after that date, Foreign Affairs, the dis- male pilots, we have no doubt that the majority of tinguished monthly review of international affairs, people would have laughed ; especially as Miss Johnson will be incorporated with TIME AND TIDE ; and we had only an ordinary flying-school course and sixty have been able to arrange with Sir Norman Angell, hours’ of air experience and no experience at all of long- the Editor of Foreign Affairs, that his monthly digest distance flying. Her achievement is indeed re mar kable of World Politics shall appear as a supplement to and significant. What Miss Johnson has done any TIME AND TIDE in the first issue of each month. young woman of like qualities—and there are hosts—can There has never been a time when the ordinary do. It is a question of a certain breakdown, conscious citizen was in more urgent need of a clear and or unconscious, of mental barriers—a release from the unbiased knowledge of the events occurring and the conventional idea that piloting an aeroplane is in the movements developing in the larger world outside first place a job for the man, and that the endurance his own country ; in spite of our great news services and skill and mental balance needed for a flight of and international organisations, that knowledge is 12,000 miles over distant and dangerous lands and sea, still difficult to obtain. Ever since its origin, can never be found in the female and are essentially Foreign Affairs has fulfilled an honourable role in and inevitably the prerogative of the male. The English journalism. It has stood for that deter- important and significant aspect of Miss Johnson’s mination to discover the truth about events which flight is that she has demonstrated once again that the is one of the essential conditions of sanity in public sex division between male and female is absurd and life. It has won tributes from men of all par ties in obsolete, that both have to be regarded in the first this country, and from the citizens of many nations place as individuals, and that there is no activity in the throughout the world. We are glad to think that modern world that the one is less qualified to un der - TIME AND TIDE is enabled to perpetuate what has take than the other. [May 24, 1930] been so valuable an element in modern international journalism ; and we believe that Sir Norman Angell’s * * * articles will supply that need for an accurate yet vivid survey of world events which all thinking This week we welcome the “ The New people feel to-day. [April 4, 1931] Statesman appearance of the first number of and Nation ” the newly amalgamated New States - * * man and Nation. It is both a marr- * iage and a christening over which we are invited to rejoice—two events not always quite so happy in their For Men No women were asked to the big simultaneity. In the days when The Nation flourished Only dinner given on Monday night by under the editorship of Mr. Massingham as the the Royal Institute of International brilliant organ of Individualist Liberalism, and The Affairs at which General Smuts made a speech of New Statesman represented the Institutional Fabian- world importance. That is the kind of occasion on ism of the Webbs and the London School of Econ- which it is valuable for those closely interested in omics, such a marriage would have seemed doomed international affairs to be present. The basis of inv - from the outset through incompatibility of temp- itation should surely have been interest in public erament. But during recent years the di!erence of affairs. It is a little surprising to find that the Royal opinion and diversity of temperament have decreased, Institute of International Affairs appears to consider the points in common between these two papers have that such a dinner is an entertainment for men only. developed, and now it seems right and natural that we Does it share the strange confusion about women should celebrate their union. Both have behind them which still haunts most people’s minds? To the an honourable tradition, and can be hopefully wished average organiser of a dinner all women, informed a happy future. Any event which to-day strengthens or uninformed, interested or uninterested, stand the position of the weekly reviews is to be welcomed. lumped together in one mass. If he asks women he The old party allegiances are disappearing, and must, he feels, ask the wives of all the men whom desperate situations encourage belief in desperate he proposes to ask. And he knows very well (a) that expedients. Never was the sane and informed crit- there will not be room for so many people ; (b) that icism which the weekly reviews can give more urgently in any case the funds would not run to so big a needed. Never was the necessity for independent feast ; (c) perhaps most important of all, that the judgment, unswayed by the dictated interests of the influx of so many people totally uninstructed in and huge amalgamations, more pressing. Because we uninterested in the matter in hand will radically believe that the new review will continue the fine change, and change for the worse, the whole traditions of its parents we extend to it a very warm atmosphere of the gathering. The idea that on such welcome. [February 28, 1931] occasions the rule to go by is to invite neither men qua men, nor women qua women, nor—above all— * * wives qua wives, but merely those persons interested * in the subject on hand, simple though it is, is still “ Time and Tide ” An important new development of so novel that neither men nor women, when arr - and “ Foreign TIME AND TIDE will take place beg- anging dinners, find it easy to follow. [November Affairs ” in ning with the first issue in May. 17, 1934] 4 TIME AND TIDE May 14, 2020

come into the larger world, and are indeed themselves to some extent answerable for that loosening of party and sectarian ties which is so marked a feature of the present day. It is therefore AN INDEPENDENT, NON-PARTY WEEKLY REVIEW natural that just now many of them should tend to be especially conscious of the need for an The Editor welcomes quotation from articles and other matter, subject to the usual acknowledgment. independent Press, owing allegiance to no sect or All MSS and correspondence should be addressed to the party. The war was responsible for breaking down Editor, TIME AND T IDE, 88, Fleet Street, London, E.C.4. the barriers which kept each individual or group of individuals in a water-tight compartment. The Telephone : City 7918-9. past five years have taught the importance of that Telegrams : Tydantym, Fleet, London. wider view which sees the part in relation to the whole. There is another need in our Press of which the average person of to-day is conscious, but which Time and Tide must specially weigh with women—the lack of a NLY one thing surely can justify the pro - paper which shall treat men and women as equally duction of a newspaper—that those part of the great human family, working side by side responsible for it are convinced that there ultimately for the same great objects by ways equally O valuable, equally interesting ; a paper which is in is a definite gap in the ranks of the Press which none of the present organs are able to fill ; and fact concerned neither specially with men nor this must be equally true whether a paper is specially with women, but with human beings. It looked at purely as a financial speculation or from must be admitted that the Press of to-day, although the wider standpoint of its ultimate value to the with self-conscious, painstaking care it now inserts community. “ and women ” every time it chances to use the word TIME AND TIDE has, in the view of its promoters, “ men, ” scarcely succeeds in attaining to such an come into being to supply a definite need. The ideal. great whirlwind which has just passed has left us Again, there is the question which is a cause standing in a new and unknown world. It follows of considerable anxiety to the whole political naturally enough that those who have served us world to-day—how is the new electorate going to as guides in the past are in certain directions ill swing ? Not an easy problem, nor one which lends equipped to help us to understand our strange itself to wide generalisations, but one which surroundings, or to supply the new needs which women, not merely as women, but as newcomers we find ourselves to have acquired. This is to the political game, are perhaps peculiarly fitted perhaps specially true of the Press ; bred for the to help in solving. What view will our new voters most part in Victorian or Edwardian days, teth- be likely to take on such matters as the great ered inevitably to its own past, it would often international questions which agitate the world seem to find great difficulty in interpreting the to-day, or of the difficult problems which confront changed conditions that lie—still but half realised— our own Empire ? Again, what view will they take around us. of such questions as are likely to come up for There is, for instance, a demand to-day for a solution in the domestic sphere, such as the more independent Press ; one whose attitude is not pressing matters of finance and economy, or the dictated by any party or personal bias, but whose tangled diversity of problems with whose convictions and whose honest criticisms, untainted successful solution is bound up the well-being of by any suspicion of preconceived partisan views, our future citizens ? What view will they take of are stated without fear or favour, and therefore the National Health Schemes recently ad- have the value which must always attach to honest umbrated, touching as they must so many independence of thought ; a Press which shall aim controversial points ; or on the drink problem, or at showing all sides of the national life, dealing on the suggested alterations in the Divorce Law ? with them solely on the ground that they are all Such questions require not one but a thousand interesting ; and that we can none of us hope to replies, and must even so remain incompletely succeed in our special bit of work unless we answered, yet we believe their elucidation might understand how it dovetails into the whole scheme. be carried some steps further than has hitherto been possible. [May 14, 1920] Such a paper TIME AND TIDE aspires to be. That the group behind this paper is composed entirely of women has already been frequently commented on. It would be possible to lay too The Six Point Group much stress upon the fact. The binding link between these people is not primarily their com - E have decided to devote a series of mon sex. On the other hand, this fact is not supplements to the Six Point Group, its without its significance. Amongst those to whom Wwork and aims, not only because we have the need we have spoken of is apparent to-day are received a large number of inquiries as to the work a very large number of women. Women have newly of this Society, but also—and chiefly—because we May 14, 2020 TIME AND TIDE 5 are of opinion that the Group is proceeding on the ercutting on the part of men, but it is not a matter right lines, is doing excellent work, and is a with which the law can conveniently deal. An powerful force for bringing about reforms which alteration in the present law can, however, bring we believe to be essential to the well-being of about each one of the reforms enumerated above. society. It is true that in the case of child assault one of Whilst the objects for which the Group stands the big difficulties lies in the lax administration are actually of importance to every citizen in the of the present law. But it is also true that certain country, they particularly and specifically a!ect reforms in the present law would make stricter women as women. Matters of special concern to administration very much more easy and very women fall naturally into two groups, since there much more common. The law as it stands to-day, are two separate capacities in which women to-day even though it has been considerably improved by stand in a special class. There is the group of the passage of the Criminal Law Amendment Bill reforms which a!ects women as mothers, and the last summer, still puts a premium on lax admin - group which a!ects them as wage earners. Or to istration. put it in another way—there are the reforms which The six points have another common factor. are concerned with the better protection of children, They have all of them reached the “ practical polit - a matter which is of the gravest concern to every ics ” stage. That is to say they have been fully and person, but which since the rearing of children is freely debated, criticised and discussed at public the special profession of so many women, is one on meetings, at private meetings, and in the Press ; which women tend to have especially strong and each has a strong and enthusiastic body of public definitely thought-out views—and there are the opinion behind it, and most of them have actually reforms which are grouped round the question of been tested in Parliament by Private Members’ equality of status for men and women, most of Bills. which especially a!ect women in their capacity as But it is not only in its selection of reforms wage earners. that the Group has shown wisdom. It has shown The Six Point Group demands :— it also in deciding upon a short, concise and simple programme. A wise choice of objective and 1. Satisfactory legislation on child assault. concentration of effort are to our thinking the two 2. Satisfactory legislation for the widowed essentials necessary to success. [January 19, mother. 1923] 3. Satisfactory legislation for the unmarried mother and her child. 4. Equal rights of guardianship for married parents. To the Victors—the Laurels 5. Equal pay for teachers. [FROM A CORRESPONDENT.] 6. Equal opportunities for men and women in the ONDAY, July 2nd, which saw the Royal Civil Service. Assent given to the Equal Franchise Bill, It will be seen that the first three of these are Mmarked the end of an epoch. Many people concerned mainly with the more adequate and were present in the House of Lords to watch the better protection of children, and that the second ceremony. Representatives of almost all the wo - three relate chiefly to equality of status, pay and men’s organisations of to-day heard the words Le opportunity. It will also be clear to anyone who Roi le Veult pronounced in reply to the reading out knows the political women’s world that practically of the title of the Representation of the People all the Women’s Societies are in favour of all six ( Equal Franchise ) Act. But those to whom the reforms. passage of the Equal Franchise Bill of 1928, just as The value of the Six Point Group as an agent that of 1918 was in reality chiefly due, were not for bringing about these reforms appears to us to there. lie in two directions. In the first place it has There can, it appears to us, be no question that shown wisdom in its choice of a programme. The when the historian of the future comes to consider six points are all simple, practical issues, which the history of this epoch he will have no doubt that, can be easily effected by legislation; in this they although in Great Britain, Equal Franchise was differ from a very large number of reforms which given in two parts ( as became a country of slow we might like to see brought about at the present progress and many compromises ), the action of one time, which can be achieved only by alteration in group was in the final event responsible for the public opinion or custom. Take, for instance, the whole reform—that of the militants whom Mrs. question of equal pay for equal work in a privately- Pankhurst led from 1905 to 1914. It was those nine owned factory. It must be clear that this is not a years that won women the franchise. In 1918 the change which legislation could directly effect—it immediate fear of the resumption of militant might be brought about by the general change of methods at the end of the war was—behind the custom which gradually follows a change of public scenes—frankly on men’s tongues. And to-day opinion, by agitation for better pay on the part of although militancy ceased many years ago, its the women employees, or by agitation against und - memory ( as those who saw the great crowds at Mrs. 6 TIME AND TIDE May 14, 2020

Pankhurst’s funeral must have realised ) is still the hand that set them free, they are decrying a amazingly fresh in men’s minds. Those nine years part of the very freedom they have gained. took heavy toll of the women who fought through It is of the very essence of the position society them but—they won the vote. has allotted to women that they should above all It is true that militancy could never have succ- feel it incumbent upon them to agree with their eeded, could never indeed have begun had it not fellows, to be gentle, sweet, reasonable, yielding, been for the long patient years of spade work, as amiable, popular, that they should avoid above all much in the educational, medical and local gov - things ugliness in word, deed or appearance. In ernment fields as in the strictly political field, which the past they have not found it easy to take— had gone before. To the pioneers, to Dame Millicent without reference to men—group decisions that Fawcett, John Stuart Mill and many others was due involved temporary unpopularity and placed them the first impetus, and was due also the steady spade in an unfavourable light. The value of militancy work which well and truly laid the foundations of ( apart from the fact that it achieved what it set the woman’s movement. out to achieve ) lay actually in its ugliness. For It is true moreover that during the past three militancy was ugly, it was at times outrageous, or four years, ever since it became practical pol- and for all the complete logic of the case upon itics to re-open the question of the extension of which it was built it often appeared surfacely the Franchise, the women’s organisations of to-day utterly unreasonable. There can have been no have done good, hard and useful work. Credit is militant to whom at moments it did not seem due for example to the political acumen of such more outrageous, unpopular and distasteful than groups as, amongst others, the Women’s Freedom she could bear. No one, man or woman, likes to League and St. Joan’s Social and Political Alliance be thought violent, unreasonable, ugly in word or in rejecting the suggestion of a Speakers’ Con - deed, and because of their upbringing this is an ference held out by the Government at the time of even harder thing for women to bear than it is the last General Election, which ( until the lead for men. But on occasions it is necessary. It is was given them by the bolder societies ) some very easy for the descendants of those who twenty organisations had been so unwary as to almost years ago had not the courage to allow themselves allow themselves to be forced into the position of to be thought violent and outrageous, or the accepting. Again a most effective and necessary insight to realise that the time had come when that sacrifice was demanded of them, to suggest piece of work and the one which probably did to-day that it was they, who through thick and much to ensure the granting of the Franchise thin remained sweetly reasonable, who really won during this Parliament was the big Hyde Park the vote. And it is very easy for us who like the Demonstration of 1926, organised by the Equal rest of the world prefer sweetness and reason to Political Rights Campaign Committee, in which ugliness and combativeness to accept what they practically all the women’s organisations took say. But the vote was not won by sweet reason - part. It was effective mainly because—entirely pac - ableness, it was won by self-sacrifice and courage, ific as it was—dimly, delicately, faintly it recalled and—above all—by that most difficult of all forms to men’s nostrils the odour of militant days. of courage, the courage to appear violent, un - “ Women ” ran the intimation “ are still pre pared reasonable, ugly. to walk in processions—as they used to do before If we deny this we are not merely betraying 1914—if necessary they would again be prepared those who served us, we are showing that we have to do more. ” The suggestion, entirely un spoken, failed to learn the lesson that those nine years of of course, was undoubtedly in the minds both of stress and sacrifice should have taught us : the the women and the politicians. For the same lesson that we must stand completely on our own reason the gay escapade of the Young Suffragists feet, so completely as to be ready, if necessary, at the time of the King’s Speech last February had to make without flinching group decisions which its real value, in itself it was nothing at all—but it involve real unpopularity. It is a thing which woke an echo. neither men nor women find easy, but until people It was, we believe, Mr. Nevinson who once can do that they are not complete human beings. said : “ If victory is won, it will be the militants Until women as well as men ( and even, if need who win it, not because they do this or that, but be when occasions arise upon which their int - because they have no reservations. I do not mean erests are temporarily apparently severed, apart that it will be theirs to receive the enemy’s surr- from men ) can do that, the community is made ender and enjoy the fruits of victory. Quite the up as to half its constituents not of people but of contrary. When the moment comes, the other parasites—of those who cannot stand alone with- suffragists will smilingly enter the field over the out support. That is not a safe thing for a wreckage of battle and assure us they always civilised society. knew reasonable methods would prevail. ” As a The vote is won but the fight is not over— rule when victory is gained the apportionment of neither the fight for equality nor the fight, with the credit is a matter of small importance, but in ourselves, to achieve the point of view of the equal, this instance it appears to us to be of real which is perhaps the hardest of all. That is why importance because those who fail to realise what we need to-day the courage to give the credit where militancy did are not merely refusing to honour the credit is in fact due. [July 6, 1928] May 14, 2020 TIME AND TIDE 7 THE WEEKLY CROWD PERSONALITIES AND POWERS PROFESSOR WINIFRED CULLIS, O.B.E., D.Sc. By CHIMÆRA. OMEWHERE floating about the atmosphere ex- ists an unsubstantiated theory, which occ as - The Sands run on, the Waters flow— ionally comes to roost in the minds of quite With Time and Tide the Crowd must go. S intelligent people, that the study of history, literature, or philosophy develops a tolerant and liberal under- A BALLAD-SINGER (Passing down the Street) : standing, but that the study of science, medicine, or mathematics has a quite opposite and rather deplor - No more War ! able e!ect. To this theory may be traced the un - No more War ! doubted tendency among spectators of the Boat Race, That was the cry their banners bore, who have visited neither university, to prefer Oxford That was the message they sent forth, to Cambridge. It is, indeed, a most satisfactory theory East and West and South and North, for those of good intentions and average capacity, who Who on Saturday did fare by dabbling in history and literature acquire a superior On the World’s face everywhere— sense of culture which they could never wrest from Pilgrims, with their Slogan plain : the hard facts of mathematics, or the uncompromising “ Not again, oh not again, realities of science. It will serve well enough until the Tear our children as you tore day when they meet the scientist who is neither nar- Us ! for men are stricken sore, row nor uncompromising, and who, being also a good And earth has su!ered at the core— humoured philosopher and a broad-minded idealist, No more War, will scatter to the winds their illusions as to the ingre- No more, no more ! ” dients of a liberal education. Professor Winifred Cullis is pre-eminently one of No more War ! those who dispel such illusions. Science has never No more War ! been for her as a blind drawn down, but as a window What is Greece, then, asking for ? which opens upon the rest of the universe ; and pass - ing through it into the wider world, she has touched What King Constantine’s design more than the fringe of politics, of social reform, of On the mosques of Constantine ? jour nalism, and of international movements of every Why does England now prepare kind. The devotion which she inspires in her students Ten new squadrons for the air ? at the London School of Medicine for Women finds its Why are German gloves taxed high ? reflection in the gratitude of those workers for various Why falls the Mark still lower ? Why causes who have induced her publicly to support their Did dynamite in Dundalk roar, particular aim in one of her lively and e!ective While shot fell sharp about Greenore ? speeches. In most of the capitals of Europe to-day are Who can hear the Slogan soar : women who quote with enthusiasm fragments of her “ No more War ! add resses delivered at the annual meetings of the Int - No more, no more ! ” ernational Federation of University Women. Professor Cullis was born at Gloucester, and No more War ! received the greater part of her early education in Or, if War, Birmingham, at King Edward VI. High School for Let Fender still flash out a score Girls. As Professor Sidgwick scholar she went on to That leads his team to victories Newnham College, Cambridge, where she took her Which even his opponents prize ; Natural Science Tripos, Parts I. and II., in 1899 and Let, in Westminster’s Central Hall, 1900. In 1901 she began the work to which she has Capablanca startle all devoted herself With some strategic knightly trick ; for nearly twen- Let, at the fall of the Old Vic., ty-five years at Some new Saint George dance at her door the London Sch- To succour her with all his store ! ool of Medi cine, Such Champions no man will deplore— where she is But no more War, now Head of Oh, no more War ! the Department of Physiology.

She holds, bes - With Time and Tide the Crowd is gone— id es, the post of The Waters flow, and the Sands run on. Professor of Physiology at [August 4, 1922] the University of London, and that of Examin- Readers are asked to notify the Circulation Manager er in Physiology immediately should they experience any di!culty or delay in and Hygiene to obtaining TIME AND TIDE from bookstalls or newsagents. the College of PROFESSOR WINIFRED CULLIS 8 TIME AND TIDE May 14, 2020

Preceptors. From 1913 to 1917 she also acted as Examiner in Physiology in the London M.B., B.S. Feminism Divided Second Examination. No one, however, could wear By WINIFRED HOLTBY. less conspicuously the academic label. Her years of (Reprinted from the “Yorkshire Post” of July 26th, by kind teaching have touched so lightly her youthful, permission of the Editor.) abundant vitality, that the statement of their number which she delights to make from public platforms N returning this week from South Africa, my invariably meets with incredulous surprise. attention was directed to several significant Her scientific publications include a thesis as to the Osigns of a re-awakening of Feminism from the action upon the isolated mammalian heart of defilimated six years’ lassitude which followed the partial success blood, and various papers upon the heart and kidney in of 1919. Among other things I was shown Mrs. the Journal of Physiology. She does not, however, despise Hubback’s interesting article on “ Feminism Divided, ” productions of more gen eral interest, and has con trib- in The Yorkshire Post of July 12. Mrs. Hubback sees uted articles on social subjects, and reviews of import ant among feminists two schools of thought—the Old medical pub lications to various journals. Feminists, who view with misgiving any “ decline from Not least am ong those activ ities for which post erity the pure milk of the word ” of “ equality of liberties, will thank her must be reckoned the part which she has status and opportunities between men and women, ” played both in the creation and in the expansion of the and the New Feminists, who believe that “ the sat- British Federation of University Women. That organi- isfactory solution of these points is undoubtedly in sation, which arose out of a small local association sight, ” and that “ the time has come to look beyond formed in Manchester in 1907, was founded in order to them. ” They have, therefore, included in their prog- combat the spirit of narrow exclusiveness which had ramme reforms such as Family Allowances, Birth fallen like a blight upon both old and new universities, Control, and similar policies a!ecting the lives of and which prevented the point of view of university “ women who are doing work that only women can do, ” women from becoming known even to one another. It together in some cases with causes of more general is largely due to Professor Cullis, and to those of her interest such as peace by arbitration. colleagues who founded the original society, that the The division concerns both the aims and policy of British Federation to-day not only promotes co-operation the feminist movement, and superficially the New between women belonging to all the universities of Great Feminism appears more tolerant, sane and far-sighted. Britain, but by means of the International Federation Old Feminism, with its motto, “ Equality First, ” and extends its influence to Europe, America, India, South its concentration upon those parts of national life Africa, and Australia. where sex di!erentiation still prevails, may seem Professor Cullis was recently chosen as Deputy conservative, hysterical, or blindly loyal to old President of the British Federation, but it is the catchwords. This is not the real truth. The New Federation’s International work which claims most of Feminism emphasises the importance of the “ women’s her attention, and she is Chairman of the Committee point of view, ” the Old Feminism believes in the on International Relations, which usually meets under primary importance of the human being. her auspices at the London School of Medicine. She Of course, sex di!erentiation is important ; but its believes that it is impossible to overestimate the part influence on human life is unlikely to be under - which women can and do play in the creation of an estimated, and the Old Feminists believe that hitherto international understanding, and feels that a great deal it has been allowed too wide a lordship. It belongs to could be done in this direction by a more thorough the irrational, physical, and emotional part of a man’s system of exchange of students between Great Britain, nature, where it holds almost undivided sway ; but the Canada and the United States. Many of her own vac - experience of the past six years alone has taught us ations are spent in foreign countries, where, often on that in politics and economics, W. S. Gilbert was as foot, she journeys from place to place investigating good a psychologist as Freud. Politically, every child present-day conditions, and endeavouring to further, born into the world alive appears to be a little Liberal in the words of Dean Virginia Gildersleeve, at or a little Conservative, irrespective of sex. Educ - Christiania, in 1924, “ the spread of a similar ationists have proved that their inclinations are international spirit in the world at large, when all the towards science, arts, sport and manual work. The nations really know one another, as we university economic history of the war proved the same women already do. ” disrespect of persons, male and female, for industrial It is, indeed, of such personalities as Professor e"ciency. Hitherto, society has drawn one prime Cullis that the many international movements of the division horizontally between two sections of people, post-war world stand in need. Idealistic activities, the line of sex di!erentiation, with men above and which su!er too often from fanatics, find in her large women below. The Old Feminists believe that the and gracious presence a strength and sanity rem - conception of this line, and the attempt to preserve it iniscent of the open air in which so much of her by political and economic laws and social traditions recreation is spent. The sense of humour which makes not only checks the development of the woman’s per - her so desirable a protagonist upon public platforms sonality, but prevents her from making that lends charm and vitality to her conversation, and contribution to the common good which is the privilege conspicuous among those qualities that promote and the obligation of every human being. individual as well as international understanding, is a Personally, I am a feminist, and an Old Feminist, sympathetic humility which attributes to the humblest because I dislike everything that feminism implies. I acquaintance an interest and importance at least equal desire an end of the whole business, the demands for to her own. [April 10, 1925] equality, the suggestions of sex warfare, the very name May 14, 2020 TIME AND TIDE 9 of feminist. I want to be about the work in which my real interests lie, the study of inter-race rel ationships, The Revolt Against the writing of novels and so forth. But while the inequ - ality exists, while injustice is done and opportunity Internationalism—German denied to the great majority of women, I shall have to be a feminist, and an Old Feminist, with the motto Variety Equality First. And I shan’t be happy till I get it. By CICELY HAMILTON. The Old Feminist policy of concentration appears, SPENT last Whitsuntide at Rheinsberg, in the therefore, to have three great advantages. It is not so sanguine as that of the New Feminists, who believe that Mark Brandenburg ; which, in outward app - “ the satisfactory solution of these points is undoubtedly Iearance, is still eighteenth century and whose in sight. ” I have read Lord Birkenhead’s speech during principal sight is the Schloss of that epoch, once the debate on the Admission of Peeresses to the House beloved by Frederick the Great. Because of the of Lords. I have just returned from South Africa, where Schloss, and the lake on which it stands, Rheinsberg women have no vote for members of the Legislative is favoured by Berlin trippers and week-enders ; it Assembly. I have followed the policy of the International swarmed with them at Whitsun, and therefore, I Labour Organisation with regard to “ protective ” leg - conclude, was selected by the National-Socialist auth- islation for women workers. We shall find our sat- ority as a centre for party propaganda. This took the isfactory solution if we work for it, work hard, work with shape of lorries, arriving from Berlin, some forty sacrifice, and buy our freedom with untiring vigilance. miles away, on the Sunday ; three of them filled with The Old Feminism, as conceived by such societies as young men and boys, to the number of something like the Six Point Group, the National Woman’s Party in a hundred. It was my first sight of the National- America, summons us to this work. Socialist German Workers’ Party ; who are also called Secondly, Old Feminism has the merit of the Nazis—as being less cumbersome ; who are also called definite object. Two-thirds of the failures and tragedies Fascists—which I believe they dislike, though they use of political life come from divided loyalty. For a single the Fascist salutation ; who are also called Hack- cause, the defence of their country, the destruction of enkreuzler—from their swastika badge ; and, when tyranny, and so forth, a million people may venture young, are known as Hitlerjugend—from the leader of life and limb. But for an extended programme of re- their party, Adolf Hitler. These young men and boys form it is not easy to evoke loyalty. Men will either (the boy element predominated, I should say they were hate the one and cleave to the other, or they will give mostly under twenty)—these young men and boys were a tepid acquiescence to all, which is worth nothing. dressed with semi-military smartness, wearing loose Political parties necessarily present unwieldy prog - brown shirts and brown képis. (The decree forbidding rammes. They succeed when they discover one really their uniform in Prussia had not yet been prom- good war-cry. The great value of societies, whether ulgated and, until it was promulgated, they were also they work for international peace, family endowment, known as Brown Shirts.) Having arrived in Rhein- equality between men and women, or the rest, lies in sberg, they distributed a certain amount of the their disentanglement of a single issue from the com- pamphleteering matter which is known to political plexity of political and economic interests. They make organisers as “ literature, ” and patrolled the neigh - sincerity possible. And, thirdly, the Old Feminism restricts to as small bourhood with an air of importance ; they had a a field as possible the isolated action of women, in duck-like method of marching single file, in parties of order that elsewhere both sexes may work together for seven or eight. They finished the day by a parade in the good of the community. When liberty and equality the marketplace, where they drilled, very smartly, and of action and status for men and women has been sang patriotic songs, as well as Germans always sing obtained, then all other reforms, including those them ; then took to their lorries and drove back to rearrangements of domestic life, such as Family Berlin, all with an air of great importance. Allowances, concern sons and husbands as well as The German Youth Movement mothers and daughters. It would be a grave mistake So far I had known of the Brown Shirts only if they appeared to an easily misguided public as what the newspapers told me, and the newspapers purely women’s reforms, in which a few kindly and were mostly uncomplimentary ; but I am bound to philanthropic men took a measure of gracious interest. The Old Feminists have also looked ahead, beyond say that this contingent on the warpath struck me the achievement of the reforms for which they now are as a good type of lad. The type that is asking for working. They also have their vision of society, a an outlet for its energies and finding it— society in which sex-di!erentiation concerns those unfortunately—in a military-political atmosphere. things alone which by the physical laws of nature it Collectively dangerous, these boys, I have no doubt— must govern, a society in which men and women work if only because they are boys. In spite of all the together for the good of all mankind ; a society in blether that was at one time fashionable about old which there is no respect of persons, either male or men making the war and sending the young men female, but a supreme regard for the importance of out to fight ; in spite of all that amiable and well- the human being. And when that dream is a reality, intentioned blether, the fact remains that youth is they will say farewell to feminism, as to a disbanded our hot-blooded season of life, our epoch of quick but victorious army, with honour for its heroes, and sudden quarrel. Where old men launch into gratitude for its sacrifice, and profound relief that the one conflict, youth if it had the power in its hands, hour for its necessity has passed. [August 6, 1926] would probably launch into a score. The German 10 TIME AND TIDE May 14, 2020

Youth Movement has one real peril to set against itude towards the foreign immigrant is probably a its many high advantages ; it has a tendency to reaction, as natural as inevitable, against the foster partisanship at an age when partisanship is idealistic sloppiness of post-war internationalism. easily fostered. I gather that all the political parties Race with them is everything—the German blood; of the Reich make attempts to organise the rising thus only those in whose veins flows German blood generation in their own interest ; but it is the are held worthy of German citizenship. Their pro- extremists on either side, the Communists and the gramme demands, further, that all Jews and Hitlerjugend, who are most successful in training non-Germans are to be removed from positions of up their young partisans. Their success, no doubt, public authority and trust; it is even proposed that is due to the fact that both these parties overflow all Jews and non-Germans who have made their with the combative spirit. Down with the Capitalists home in Germany since the outbreak of the war and Down with the Jews are both of them inspiring should be bidden to depart forthwith. . . . In the light slogans when the heart is young. It was because of this more than drastic programme, is it to be young men trained in partisan thinking were wondered at if the Jewish-owned Press hits back ? expected to take a vigorous hand in the General Election that President Hindenburg issued his order The Nazis Programme forbidding, under penalty, the carrying of weapons ; When—and if—the Nazis attain to majority power, an order justified, if by nothing else, by the they will doubtless discover, like other extremists, perennial feud between Communist and National- that necessity sometimes runs counter to the best- Socialist. The feud is à outrance, sometimes carried laid ideals. Meanwhile, they wave their unalterable to shooting length ; and, as the two parties usually principles and put forward a programme which, if come to grips in urban districts, citizens who are they were in power, would set Foreign O"ces a- neither Communist nor Nazi are also liable to flutter. Not only on account of the threatened damage. The risk of these a!rays was, no doubt, Judenhetze, there is also the revision of the Treaties the reason for the suppression of the Brown Shirt of Versailles and St. Germain. There is also the uniform in Prussia and Bavaria. inclusion in one Great Germany of all those sections The German Press, and Jewish Influence of the German race which are at present isolated As I have said above, National-Socialism has freq- from their natural fatherland and placed under the uently had a bad Press ; if you judged its followers authority of Danes, Poles, Czechs, Italians and only by what you read in the columns of Frenchmen. There is also the disbanding of the newspapers, you might imagine them Ishmaelites, “ mercenary army ” imposed upon the country by the with every man’s hand turned against them. Press Treaty of Versailles ; revival of the “ right of opinion and public opinion are not always one and defence ” for every German citizen—otherwise con- the same—as witness the recent success of the Nazis scription ; and the recreation of a “ national army ” at the polls. While it was just about the time that which is to be firmly disciplined (as in Hohenzollern Prussia forbade the wearing of the Brown Shirt— days) by a corps of professional o"cers ! . . . If I am and various large circulations were busily engaged ever tempted to generalise on the subject of racial in denouncing the works and the ways of National- temperament, and especially on the subject of Socialism—it was just about that time that the party German racial temperament, I shall go to my shelf gained strength in the Saxon State elections. I was and take down from it two books ; my copy of the told more than once (and by those who did not love o"cial programme of the National-Socialist-German- them) to discount the bitterness displayed by many Workers’ Party and my copy of Im Westen Nichts journals when they dealt with the Nazis and their Neues—All Quiet on the Western Front. And I shall policy. The reason for this newspaper antagonism put them on my table, side by side, and I shall read is explicable as well as excusable ; an influential pages from Herr Remarque and pages from the section of the German Press is controlled by Jewish Nazis alternately ! interests, and the National-Socialist is nothing if not In conclusion : National-Socialism is anti-fem- Anti-Semite. He is out for a Judenhetze, very inist. The Hitlerjugend is a purely masculine frankly out for it ; his party declares, in its o"cial business—no room for girls in its ranks ; nor has programme, that it will combat the “ materialistic- its parent organisation much use for womenfolk, Jewish spirit ” ; and one of the twenty-five points of young or old, save as obedient followers. Adolf that programme is that no Jew should be admitted Hit ler, their leader, has said as much in public ; to German citizenship. Those who guide the policy theirs was a fighting party, he declared, and of the “ Semitic ” Press can hardly be expected to therefore essentially a man’s. It is true, there is deal over-courteously with a party which persistently a Women’s Order of National-Socialism and I have demands their heads on a charger ; all Jews, if the even heard mention of a Maiden’s Order ; it is Nazis had their way, would be deprived not only of true, also, that the Women’s Order voices its large slices of their property, but of their German loyalty in the pages of a weekly paper. A nice citizenship, and treated henceforth as aliens. They Brown Shirt boy once pressed a copy on me—I am are altogether firm on this question of Germany for sure he thought I should like it. It is a humble the Germans ; whether his origin be Jewish or little weekly, exhaling domestic subjugation of the Gentile, the alien, as permanent resident, should not pre-franchise era . . . A very humble little weekly . . . be welcomed to the country. This inhospitable att- [September 20, 1930] May 14, 2020 TIME AND TIDE 11

There is no doubt, however, a further reason besides NOTES ON THE WAY the comparative smallness of its circulation which By LADY RHONDDA. emboldens Mr. Cole to allow the reader of the weekly OTH Mr. St. John Ervine and Mr. Cole, in the review to get his facts unadulterated by Government course of a recent battle in our columns, let fall dope. One of the chief obstacles that prevent the weekly passing gloves that tempted one to pick them up review from competing in circulation with the daily paper, B is that it attempts to secure as readers only educated, and enter the lists. Moreover, each of them had a habit of casually throwing out remarks that seemed to light intelligent and mentally alive persons, and no paper the way to vast unexplored continents of ideas. On the which does that can hope for a circulation which will whole the sentence that interested me most in the reach the million or even the half-million mark. Mr. Cole whole correspondence was one dropped by Mr. Cole. may reasonably and justifiably feel that whilst the readers “ I cannot imagine ” he wrote “ even the most peaceful of the reviews may be trusted to know a lie when they transition (to Socialism) being made without some see it, the big, ignorant and uneducated public may not. liberties being curtailed during its course. The liberty I should like to think that he is right, but I am bound to of the millionaire-owned press to tell lies, for example, admit that I have my doubts. However, it is certainly though I should leave not only TIME AND TIDE, but also true that the level of intelligence of the readers of a the Saturday Review and the Independent free to say weekly review is higher than that of the average Daily exactly what they liked, within the limits of the law as Mail reader. And I suppose that we most of us feel that it is now, or even some distance beyond these limits. I it is not very safe to trust the Daily Mail reader with lies. should be far more intent to enlarge than to restrict But let us be quite clear what this means. It does not the freedom of the press in general ; for I cannot value mean that Lord Rothermere is a wicked monster who at a high rate the freedom of Lord Rothermere to make must be suppressed. In so far as he is a monster at all, his employees bellow through a gigantic megaphone he must be taken as a gigantic monster image of the average Daily Mail reader—of the man in the street. opinions inconsistent with the freedom of their neigh - What it really means, if we delve to the bottom of the bours, and even of themselves. ” A statement so argument, is that that the Daily Mail reader is to be reassuring to the editorial heart that one was tempted treated as a halfwit, and given the dope that will make to accept it without further investigation—but in fact it him harmless to obstruct a Socialist régime. The Voice repays considerable investigation. of the People which was once the Voice of God, and which * * Sir Norman Angell was recently flattering enough to refer * Speaking as the editor of a weekly review, I may find that to as the Voice of the Devil, is, in fact, the Voice of the investigation painful, but that is no reason for avoiding Lunatic and must be strait-waistcoated as such. This it. And there are certainly one or two questions to be may be wisdom, but it is certainly not democracy. asked. Why, in the first place, are the Daily Mail and * * * the Daily Express in particular singled out so often for It is a high compliment to the weekly review to say the epithet “ the millionaire-owned press, ” while no such that it is read by people who can a!ord to read lies sinister imputation of riches is made against the weekly safely. And in fact, as I have said, I doubt whether it reviews ? Not because Lord Rothermere is richer—though is true. I doubt whether any of us, however intelligent he may be—than Lady Houston or Sir Ernest Benn. No— or highly educated, always knows a lie—even an but because Lord Rothermere actually makes his millions obvious one—when we see it, if it happens to subserve out of the Daily Mail itself, whereas Sir Ernest Benn and our point of view. If such people exist, at least I have Lady Houston are, according to popular estimate, more never met them. But a weekly review is, it is true, likely to lose theirs out of the papers they own. In other read by the kind of people who can, or should when words because the Daily Mail is just what a very large not too deeply moved, be capable of hearing a man put section of the public wants, and is prepared to pay for. In the opposite point of view to their own without fact, it would scarcely be an exaggeration to say that the supposing him to be a scoundrel and a liar. And it Daily Mail is, to all intents and purposes, owned by the should, in my judgment, be the business of the weekly big public which pays Lord Rothermere gigantic wages to allow them to exercise this faculty. The best kind for giving it just what it wants. The “ millionaire-owned of weekly review is not—or at least it should not be—a press ” is, in reality, the “ public-owned press. ” propaganda organ. It may, nay, indeed it must, have Mr. Cole’s objection to such a press is, of course, its own standpoint, but it should freely admit any point natural enough. What the other fellow says in of view that has interest and sincerity behind it, and moments of public excitement always seems to be a this with but little reference to its own editorial lie, and often is ; and I can well understand that Mr. attitude. It should do this because it can a!ord to do Cole should desire to curtail expressions of adverse it, because it possesses readers of a mental calibre to opinion in papers read by the million, whilst allowing bear it and even to demand it. it still to those read merely by the thousand. He may * * reasonably feel that he can a!ord to be generous to * the smaller circulations. But, in fact, when he sugg- Not long ago a regular contributor to a weekly paper ests taking power to decide what the readers of the referred to his editor—semi-facetiously, it is true, but not Daily Mail shall read, he is not taking power to without allowing a suitable awe and reverence to be interfere with the liberty of Lord Rothermere to spoon- apparent in the colour of his ink—as “ the august editor feed the public against its will, since its will is to read of this review. ” Now I doubt whether the editor of a the Daily Mail as it is now. He is rather taking power weekly review should be “ august. ” I am, in fact, inclined to spoon-feed the public himself, or at least a big to think that that is the very thing he should not be. The proportion of it, against its expressed preference. readers, perhaps . . . but the editor—no. The editor of the Daily Mail may shepherd his sheep to those illusive but * * * succulent pastures which they so much enjoy, and which 12 TIME AND TIDE May 14, 2020

Mr. Cole so much deprecates. And “ august ” is doubtless With some of them it seems to me that I scarcely ever the proper word for sheep to apply to their shepherd. agree. ( But the truth is really that in a sense I agree The editor of The Times thundering at the nation for with them all—so many things are true. And also that what he takes to be the nation’s good, but Mr. Cole takes I disagree with them all—so many things are false. ) to be its evil (would Mr. Cole curtail The Times’ activities But of each one of them it may be said that he causes also by the way ?), may justly and suitably deserve the a definite reaction in my mind. At best makes me epithet of “ august. ” But the editor of a weekly review is think, or lights up new ideas ; at least stimulates me in a di!erent case from these. It is not his business to to consider why I cannot agree with him, amuses or spoon-feed his public with one particular carefully bowd - entertains me. lerised point of view. He should leave that to the Daily I find that in each other some of these writers tend Mail. He is not an Olympian doling out to mortal men to cause more indignant reactions than they do in myself. food that is good, or bad, for their souls. He is merely When they boil over, as they have a habit of doing, into one of a group of equals. That one of a group of the correspondence columns, it is often di"cult to decide intelligent people who has been told o! to do their just how much style should be cramped in the interests journalistic catering for them. A chef, if you like, but not of Parliamentary language. My instinct is to allow them an august chef—merely a good literary-kitchen chef. One to remain as vivid as possible, but at moments I will among a group of gourmets, each one of whom if other admit that it seems to me that a more wrongheaded work had not claimed him might very well have been a crowd of Kilkenny cats never set foot out of bog. And I chef himself. His job is to think of his readers as people must say I had some sympathy with the gentleman who with much the same level of culture, the same tastes, recently after a week or so of particularly impassioned interests, habits of thought as himself, and to give them correspondence, wrote to inquire whether we had ever each week simply the reading which interests, moves or thought of changing our name to Tooth and Claw. amuses him. He must, of course, mix his ingredients in * * the right proportions—that is the art of the chef. But he * should never think of his readers as sheep, or as children, But the alternative seems to me quite impossible. or indeed as anything but people too busy to do their Am I to wait till I find people with whom I can always own catering for themselves. He should not necessarily exactly agree ? If I do that I shall really wait till I find agree with all that he prints. On the contrary he should, people who care so little for their own opinions that they as I have suggested, make a point of printing a good deal will agree with any editor—and have nothing but a crowd with which he does not himself agree. That is surely the of yes-men writing, and the result will be a paper quite function and position of the editor of a weekly review. below the level that a weekly review reader asks for and has a right to receive. And if I do not expect them to * * * agree with me, I see no reason for asking them to agree Or one might, perhaps, take the weekly review as a with each other. Nor for pretending that I always agree salon, in which writers and thinkers are free to think with all of them myself. I have, after all, as much right aloud, and to argue in full view of the other guests. It to my opinion as they have. When, for example, Rod - is, at least, in some such manner as these that I picture erick Random writes that Matthew Arnold was a dull the paper and its editing, and what I myself try to do in poet, I reflect that he and I di!er in our conceptions of my capacity of working chef or master of the ceremonies a dull poet and I see no reason for keeping that reflection is to choose writers who have honesty, vitality and the to myself ; but neither do I see any good reason for quality of readableness and to give them a free hand. asking him to refrain from saying what he thinks. The plane of thought should not be entirely superficial, * * although I must make up my mind beforehand that when * any di!erence of opinion arises in our columns the prot- The aim is a di"cult one to achieve. It needs a agonists of each side will be convinced that the level on delicate balance. Obviously there must be a clear edit - the other side is ludicrously superficial—and probably orial viewpoint, and the editorial policy of the paper ( almost certainly, indeed ) blame me for allowing creat- must be kept clear. On the other side one wants to ures of so low a mental calibre into the paper. But what give as free a hand as possible to as many first-class matters most of all is that the writers should be alive, writers as possible. I do not doubt that I have often that they should be honest, that they should mean what failed and allowed the balance to go down too far on they say and be able to say what they mean, and that one side or the other. I can only say that even though they should be free to do so without too much censorship I have failed—and often I fear must fail again—I know or interference from me. exactly at what I am aiming. The aim is admittedly a * * high one—so high, perhaps, that it may be out of reach. * It is at one and the same time to pursue a definite To take few concrete examples, I choose, if I can editorial purpose and to serve as a medium for the get them, such people as St. John Ervine, T. S. Eliot, free expression of the best honest opinion of the day G. D. H. Cole, Ralph Bates, Helen Fletcher, Raymond that one can collect. One must allow the views one Postgate, Roderick Random, Professor Laski, believes the right ones to be shot at and be able to Wyndham Lewis, Gerald Heard, Cicely Hamilton, Pat- show that they can survive bombardment. But after rick Thompson, E. M. Delafield, Odette Keun, Louis all the aim of a weekly review is bound to be high. It Golding, E. M. Forster, Aldous Huxley, Ellen Wilkin - deliberately sets out to be read by the cream of the son, Walter Lippmann, Norman Angell and Winifred intelligence of the country. That in itself is an Holtby, because I find them honest, stimulating and entertaining writers. It seems to me to matter very ambitious aim. It can scarcely hope to succeed in it little whether I happen to hold exactly the same views unless it sets itself an uncommonly high standard of as they do, or even whether, on some matters, I hold achievement. [February 9, 1935] distinctly opposed views. With some of them, with the Lady Rhondda contributes “ Notes on the Way ” throughout February. two last-named, for example, I almost always agree. During March the Notes will be written by Mr. Wyndham Lewis. May 14, 2020 TIME AND TIDE 13

ality. At all events, the rush is all over now. There is MISCELLANY no more packing, there are no more schools, the children are quite grown-up and have gone their several ways. Hugo died very soon after we came to the Chelten- Retrospect ham villa. Sitting alone, in the evenings, with The Times all By E. M. DELAFIELD. folded up neatly on the little brass table under the lamp, and no noise anywhere, one’s thoughts go back. HEN we were children, and I lived at home Although I think of Hugo, and that time in India, at the farm, Francie and I were always and of the children, and the new Library novels, and Wtogether. We slept in the night-nursery, the housekeeping, it’s those far-away farm days that I where the window overlooked the yard, and every remember most often, and the cluck-cluck-ing of the morning we used to hear the long-drawn “ cluck-cluck- hens under the night-nursery window, and the strong cluck-a-clu-u-u-ck ” of the hens, and then the crow of the scent of the mint growing in the sun, under the red- cock, much further away, where the dung-heap was. brick wall of the kitchen garden. We played together, and sometimes quarrelled, but It’s strange, sometimes, to feel that, after all, it’s always made it up before going to sleep, because not Hugo that I miss most, now that all the turmoil is something dreadful would happen if the sun went over. It’s Francie. [March 2, 1928] down upon one’s wrath. We pretended things, that nobody else knew about, and had secret catchwords and allusions. And we knew one another with the unparalleled intimacy of shared nursery days. After all these years The Millionaire’s Daughter I can still say what Francie’s favourite colour was, and why she never liked primroses any more after Dinah, Makes Good the sheep-dog, died, and how it was that she taught herself at last to remember what seven times twelve makes . . . All that kind of thing. A Short Story for Capitalists We remained children a long while, I think—longer than most people. We were, still, always together, By MARGHANITA LASKI. even after we’d left the farm, and hadn’t a real home any longer, but lived in London in a boarding-house. ETTY MACFARLANE woke up in her lux ur ious We even shared our friends, bec ause we always liked bed in her father’s luxurious house in Park the same people, and the same people made us laugh. BLane. We were very happy, and made plans, such as I Though Hector MacFarlane had started life as a suppose all young people make, for a very successful simple bottom-polisher—this was long before he and exciting future, that we were to share. invented MacFarlane’s Metal Heel-Tips—yet his innate Francie met Hugo whilst I was away on a visit. She good taste was such that he commissioned one of the wrote and told me that he was a new friend, and that best-known modern interior decorators to adorn his I should like him. house, giving him an entirely free hand. Betty’s room, When I came back, after only a week, I found that therefore, was a veritable bower of loveliness. he and she knew one another well. Yet this fine spring morning, Betty was disturbed I liked him, too, at once. by a restless discontent. Recklessly disregarding her Hugo was very tall, and he had brown eyes that appointments at the hairdresser, beauty-parlour, looked at one with a curious, slanting kind of glance, manicurist and dressmaker, she put on a simple yet and when he smiled he showed very white teeth in a well-cut suit whose faultless tailoring betrayed its sunburnt face. expensive origin, and dashed into her father’s study. For a little while I think he could not make up his “ Dad, ” she entreated, “ it’s such a lovely spring mind. day. Won’t you come for a walk in the Park with me ? ” Then he fell in love with me. Already, I was more Would Hector MacFarlane disregard this touching than half in love with him. appeal from a daughter whose expensive education had And Francie cried. We knew one another so well taught her a true love of Nature and Beauty ? No ! In that we could never hide anything from one another. Hector MacFarlane wealth had not sapped simplicity, But she said: and it was gaily that he assented to his daughter’s “ Nothing could ever come between us. ” proposal. In a way, that was true. Arm in arm like the good chums they were, they But life takes one away, somehow. left the house. Since the death of her mother when Hugo and I went to India, and Francie married Betty was but a mite, these two had been all in all to somebody else, and after a time they went to Canada, each other. Through all the di"cult years of childhood where she died. and adolescence Betty had but to ask to be given, so Hugo, my husband, came through the war, and we no cloud of disagreement ever darkened their went back to India, and I took up the curious, divided relationship. life of the woman whose man is abroad, and her As they were walking along the pavement, a blind children at Home. old woman selling matches caught Betty’s eye which It was just packing, and unpacking, and one set of instantly filled with tears of pity. clothes and then another, and Army talk and rushing “ Poor thing, ” she murmured compassionately, “ I from school to school in England, and all the time the would have given her something except that I don’t thought of sailing again just ahead of one. approve of indiscriminate charity. But how I wish I Just a rush, for all the years of my middle life, and could do something to help the poor! ” the old sense of always waiting for some kind of finality. “ Hoots ! ” said her father with that Scotch geni- I suppose, in the end, Cheltenham stood for fin- ality that so endeared him to his factory workers. 14 TIME AND TIDE May 14, 2020

“ You do all that any girl in your station would and At last he dared to ask her to lunch. Then for the next more. Why, didn’t you organise four charity dances week he took her to the nearest Lyons until her innate last season ? ” fastidiousness revolted against the sordid surr oun - “ Yes, ” said Betty reminiscently, “ and everyone dings and she generously insisted on paying for him who took a ticket had the satisfaction of knowing that at those exclusive restaurants which are such a feature a quarter of their guinea went to charity. But that’s of London social life. not quite what I mean. ” Soon she discovered he was a Communist, and “ Well, what do you mean, lassie ? ” asked Hector many and heated were the arguments those two young MacFarlane tenderly, “ after all, you help these poor people had. But when love sprang up between them people in a good many other ways. If people like us di"culties arose, for Edward—such was his name— couldn’t a!ord to spend money on luxuries, unemp - could not support a wife on his meagre salary and loyment would go up by leaps and bounds. ” naturally would not countenance the idea of their “ Unemployment, ” mused Betty. “ Employment’s a living on her unearned increment. thing I don’t know much about, and I do think that In her despair Betty took her troubles to that everyone should know how the other half of the world valued friend and comforter, her Dad. lives. Would you mind if I took a job, Dad? None of “ Do you love the young man ? ” he demanded. our friends need know. ” “ Yes, ” sobbed Betty. “ I wouldn’t mind you trying it out for a bit, ” said “ Then send him to me and I’ll see what I can do, ” Hector. “ Suppose I write to my old friend Wilson promised Hector MacFarlane. Belfry and ask him to give you something. After all, The fateful interview took place in Hector Mac- his is the biggest department store in London, and a Farlane’s study. For half an hour Betty waited very nice class of people go shopping there. ” tremulously outside, until at last the door was flung “ No ! ” said Betty instantly, “ that would be cheat- open by the ready footman, and Hector and Edward ing. I must start on the same basis as the other girls. ” emerged. While they were chatting thus, father and daughter “ Well, ” said Hector, “ your young man and I have were sauntering back home. Betty rushed into the been having a heart-to-heart talk. I quite appreciate house. A bare seventy minutes su"ced for her hurried his pride in wanting to support you on his own salary. change into a simple black Schiaparelli dress and a So I’ve told him that any son-in-law of mine can have face-massage at the hands of her expert maid. Ten a job in my business with a salary that will more than minutes later her Rolls Royce deposited her at the enable him to support you in the style you’re doors of Belfry’s. accustomed to—that’s to say, if he’ll give up all this By a fortunate chance Betty had come on a day Communist nonsense. ” when the position of under-saleswoman in the per - “ Who wouldn’t with an inducement like that? ” fum ery department had fallen vacant, and already a gasped the grateful young man. crowd of girls and women had collected, hoping for And so we leave them, mindful of the Benefits of the job. “ And a pathetic crowd they are, too, ” Capitalism that give Edward the Bride of his Heart, thought Betty, noticing the cheap stockings, the imi - Hector the chance of True Generosity, and Betty the tation furs, the careworn faces “ why don’t they dress Social Conscience that rouses her to do Good among better, and have a facial occasionally? Everyone the Less Fortunate and to mix with the Lower Classes knows you can’t get a job unless you look cheerful yet come forth Unscathed. [June 12, 1937] and smart. ” So, apparently, thought the employment manager. Among that crowd of cheaply dressed, cheaply made- up girls, Betty’s silver fox and Chanel perfume shone The Midsummer Apple Tree forth like gold among dross, and it was without Comrade, comrade, come away hesitation that she was chosen to fill the position at a Down to the Midsummer apple bough. starting salary of thirty shillings a week. Who you are I can scarcely say, Mind you, for a girl of Betty’s sheltered upbringing, Only know you are here and now the work wasn’t any too easy. The long hours were her Under the Midsummer apple bough. greatest burden, and it was usually with a sigh of Here’s the apple for us to share thankfulness that she sank back on the luxurious Under the Midsummer apple tree. cushions of the Rolls Royce when it called for her Priests and schools have said, beware, nightly at six. Shame and sin and death, all three But education and breeding will always tell, and Hang from the Midsummer apple tree. Betty stuck to it manfully. Without becoming in any way déclassée, she made lots of friends—not intimate Comrade, comrade, these are lies ! ones, of course—among the shop girls, frequently Under the Midsummer apple leaves bringing them old dresses and hats of her own for I can tell you and I am wise : presents. One little incident will su"ce to illustrate We are neither brutes nor thieves the generous nature of the girl. A saleswoman was Here in the Midsummer apple leaves. leaving after ten years’ service, and the department What we want we both shall get was clubbing together to buy her a little memento. Under the holy apple tree : When the hat came round to Betty, her eyes filled with Eat our cake and have it yet, those ready tears of pity at the sight of the paltry Schools and priests must let us free, sixpences and shillings that filled it. “ They won’t be All our devils be overset, able to get her anything nice with that, ” she thought, Here where the hay is sweet and wet : and without a moment’s hesitation she pulled a five- I like you and you like me pound note from her bag and dropped it into the hat. Under the Midsummer apple tree. Then a new interest entered Betty’s life. For several days she had noticed the young man from the tie NAOMI MITCHISON. counter opposite eyeing her with respectful interest. [July 22, 1933] May 14, 2020 TIME AND TIDE 15 The March of the Women By ETHEL SMYTH. This March is the third of a group of three choruses called “ Songs of Sunrise. “ The text of No. 1, “ Laggard Dawn, ” has no direct bearing on the Su"rage question ; it is out of print, but will be shortly reprinted. The words of No. 2, “ 1910, ” are, on the contrary, highly topical, the subject being a dispute between the militants and the antis : but the music of this number, together with the March ( No. 3 ), has been incorporated in the Overture to “ The Boatswain’s Mate. ” The words of the March ( which was dedicated to the W.S.P.U. ) were written by Miss Cicely Hamilton after the music was composed, than which no task in the world is harder. It is possibly because this was so strongly borne in upon her while coping with it, that Miss Hamilton could not believe the result would be a success ! Anyhow, in spite of the composer’s ent reaties, she refused at the time to sign the verses : a resistance which the pray ers of the Editor of TIME AND TIDE have happily vanquished. The March can be purch ased at Messrs. Curwen’s, 24, Berners Street, in var ious versions : (1) Pop ular version in F ; (2) for Mixed Chorus in G ; (3) for 3-Part Female Chorus in A flat ( price 2d. and 3d. ) Further, a card with merely the tune and the words, is now being printed. It is hoped that the March will be sung on various occasions this year, the first being an Ethel Smyth wire less orchest ral concert on the evening of May 20th. ( The last three bars may be played first as an introduc tion ) [May 18, 1928]

2 3 Long, long—we in the past Comrades—ye who have dared Cowered in dread from the light of heaven, First in the battle to strive and sorrow ! Strong, strong—stand we at last, Scorned, spurned—nought have ye cared, Fearless in faith and with sight new-given. Raising your eyes to a wider morrow. Strength with its beauty, Life with its duty, Ways that are weary, days that are dreary, ( Hear the voice, oh hear and obey ! ) Toil and pain by faith ye have borne ; These, these—beckon us on ! Hail, hail—victors ye stand, Open your eyes to the blaze of day. Wearing the wreath that the brave have worn ! 4 Life, strife—these two are one, Naught can ye win but by faith and daring, On, on—that ye have done But for the work of to-day preparing. Firm in reliance, laugh a defiance, ( Laugh in hope, for sure is the end ) March, march—many as one, Shoulder to shoulder and friend to friend. 16 TIME AND TIDE May 14, 2020

and all the essential risk. Can a su"cient number Correspondence be found, each willing to help for a few years, to put this idea into practical form ? Letters, which should be as brief as possible, and should Will anyone who is interested write in the first reach “ Time and Tide ” o!ces not later than first post on place to me ? There are first-class doctors, men and Tuesday morning, must be accompanied by the name and women, willing to give a good deal of time to address of the writer, which will not, however, be published if a request is made to the contrary. practical investigation. They are in close touch with the research workers and understand as much as is, up to now, understood by anyone about contra- THE EDITORIAL SIR ceptive methods. When there are su"cient volun- SIR,—I am pleased to note in the current issue of teers to make a start, they will be put in touch with TIME AND TIDE that you are not anxious to be these doctors, under whose direction the whole addressed as Madam. I am one of your male readers, scheme will be carried out. and although I know that the journal is conducted by I will of course treat any communications in the women, I have always admired the clever way in which strictest confidence.—Yours, etc., you have avoided making it a women’s periodical. I like it because it is readable and bears no sex label. NAOMI MITCHISON. [July 6, 1928] Yours faithfully, River Court, Hammersmith Mall, W.6. W. T. GROOM. [June 19, 1925] Sevenoaks. LITERARY CENSORSHIP SIR,—[. . .] Why should a woman editor be add - SIR,—The question of literary censorship has taken ressed as “ Sir ” ? “ Editress ” and “ authoress ” are an almost sinister turn with the confiscation of Mr. abominations, but surely “ madam ” is on a di!erent D. H. Lawrence’s manuscript poems in the post. plane ? Might all women not as well insist on being There is a dreadful plausibility about the postal auth- described as men, and is the insistence on “ sir ” not orities’ explanation of how they came to open this a small insult to one’s sex ? Can one only become a particular packet which sends a cold shiver down the reasonable being by taking over male appellations ? spine. There is also, to a writer, something peculiarly Yours faithfully, disagr eeable in the confiscation of manuscripts. It might have been a unique copy. There is, moreover, I. M. ROGERS. [June 26, 1925] all the di!erence in the world between sending through Jersey, C.I. the post, pres umably for general sale, a printed book, and the sending of one manuscript from an author to THE POPULATION PROBLEM his agent. The poems to which authority took excep - SIR,—It seems probable that after your admirable tion might never have been printed : the projected series of articles on population and the problem of publisher might have turned them down : the agent contraception, many of your readers will be willing might have persuaded Mr. Lawrence to omit them to consider an idea for their practical co-operation from his book—any number of perfectly normal in solving some of the di"culties which confront happenings might have intervened to prevent these anyone interested in birth control. poems from ever becoming available to the public. The It is clear that birth control is already practised by postal authorities showed an excess of zeal which is large numbers in all classes ; it is going to have pro- very unpleasant for a writer to observe. found e!ects of all sorts on the well-being of the com- And while one cannot get excited about the munity. Yet, up to now practically no scientific study suppression of a “ Sleeveless Errand ” for its own has been made, either of the comparative advantages sake, we certainly ought to be getting excited about of di!erent methods, or of the e!ects of the practice the motives at work behind these suppressions. The as a whole. The one thing that is clear is that no Home Secretary has made these motives clearer perfect method has been found, at once e"cient, than ever in his recent address to a deputation of simple, æsthetically satisfactory and cheap. A good deal some organised Comstock society or other which of laboratory work is being done on the subject now, called on him to urge him on. And it is not but the ultimate test of any method must be made on comfortable to hear of detectives calling on private healthy men and women living normally together. persons to collect their copies of the suppressed There must be a large number of intelligent and book. It is only a mere modern novel to-day which public-spirited married couples who want to have I must hand over to authority : it might be my children—or more of them—and to whom, although Shakespeare to-morrow. they are willing to space them by the use of con- Something ought to be done on our behalf, but traceptives, the advent of a child sooner than was who is to do it I frankly cannot suggest. There are intended would be a serious di"culty. These people two organised societies of writers : the Authors’ could co-operate with the scientific workers by Society, and the P.E.N. Club : will either of these employing certain indicated contraceptives, old and plan a campaign for us ? I doubt whether they would new, and by keeping very careful records of all consider themselves either called on or competent to relevant facts in connection with their use. It is do so. And further—it might as well be admitted that clear that reliable records can only be obtained from not only are we divided among ourselves, but that such people. Obviously this is a matter almost ent- the general public doesn’t care tuppence for our irely for women : they take most of the precautions troubles. The majority of people won’t worry at all May 14, 2020 TIME AND TIDE 17 if we are all suppressed, or censored out of decent clearance of Jews and Socialists from any o"cial existence. If any protest is to be made it will have positions, many women have lost their posts as to be made by the tiny minority which does care for doctors, teachers, public o"cials of all kinds, what we have been calling the cause of literature. particularly in Berlin, where the Socialist municip - And from that protest quite a number of “ good ” ality had carried its ideas of equality into practical names will be missing. e!ect by encouraging the employment of women in Don’t let’s deceive ourselves. The suppressions responsible positions. will go on and get worse if nothing is done. But But non-Jewish women not connected with any who is going out to bell this cat ? Even in defence political party have also been compulsorily retired, of Mr. D. H. Lawrence, who is a genius, and not a and their places filled by men. Very few women are mere novelist of sorts ?—Yours, etc., included in the lists sent by the Nazi local leaders to the Chancellor in response to his demand for STORM JAMESON. [March 22, 1929] trustworthy Nazis to fill the vacated posts. What Ryedale, Whitby. women are included have been so for such positions as nurses and baby-welfare attendants, which could THE SCOTTSBORO CASE not be filled by men. So great is the terror in Germany at the mom- SIR,—You may be interested in publishing this list ent, and so vindictive the punishment on anyone of some of the well-known writers, artists and others suspected of complaining to foreigners, that any who have signed the latest protest, issued by me, observer has to be careful with names and add- against the injustice of the Scottsboro, Alabama, resses, but the list of women of repute dismissed case—that of the nine Negro lads held under death from their posts is already a long one. The unknown sentence in jail for two years on a false charge. must number many more. The chief witness used by the State of Alabama While it is quite impossible in present cir cum- against them, as is known in this country, has now stances for foreigners to intervene in individual declared that she was terrorised into making a false cases, it surely is the duty of the various women’s statement against them. organisations in this country, irrespective of party But this will not necessarily be considered or religion, to make a very emphatic protest su"cient proof, nor indeed su"ce for their un - against unfair discrimination against women as conditional liberation. work ers. The re-trial is this month. The liberties of women in this country, as of I am, etc., others, have been too hardly won, and are even now too precariously held, for it to be safe to allow the NANCY CUNARD. [March 18, 1933] case of the German women to go by default. 66 Chandos Street, Strand. I am, etc.,

AUGUSTUS JOHN, R.A. E. MAC KNIGHT KAUFFER. ELLEN WILKINSON. [April 15, 1933] SINCLAIR LEWIS. ELLIOTT SEABROOKE. 18 Guilford Street, W.C.1 ANDRÉ GIDE. ROBERT GRAVES. REBECCA WEST. GEORGE ANTHEIL. THE YELLOW PERIL IN PUBLISHING J. B. PRIESTLEY. ROY CAMPBELL. SIR,—Mr. Gorer, whose letter strikes a ref - NORMAN DOUGLAS. The Hon. BRYAN reshing note of moderation and good sense in an PROFESSOR MALINOWSKI. [GUINNESS. assault somewhat heated for this weather, is less EZRA POUND PROF. LANCELT HOGBEN. than fair to other publishers when he says that Mr. STORM JAMESON LAURA RIDING. Gollancz publishes more of what he calls “ middle- ARTHUR SYMONS JOHN BANTING. brow best-sellers ” than they do. I am never clear DAVID GARNETT. JAMES HANLEY. what a middle-brow best-seller is, and feel no SHANE LESLIE. The Hon. EDWARD clearer when Mr. Gorer thus describes so witty and C. W. NEVINSON. [GATHORNE HARDY. intelligent a novel as Margaret Kennedy’s Constant ROSAMOND LEHMANN. H.D. (H. D. Aldington.) Nymph, but no one agrees with any one else about LAURENCE HOUSMAN. brows. Anyhow, taking him to mean a novel dis - OSWELL BLAKESTON. playing neither much intelligence nor much stupidity and selling, say, over ten thousand copies, surely the lists of, say, Messrs. Heinemann, THE NAZI TERROR Macmillan and Cassell ( to follow Mr. Gorer’s lead SIR,—The natural astonishment and indignation and call publishers by their right names ) have of decent people against the unprovoked attacks of always contained, and contain now, their full share the Nazi storm troops on ino!ensive fellow-citizens of this commodity desired by all publishers. I may has somewhat obscured the tragedy that has over - wrong Mr. Gollancz, but I cannot see that he has taken so many educated German women. more of it than others have. On the other hand, The Fascist leaders have never disguised their his lists seem to contain a large proportion of disapproval of the independent woman worker. Cap- highly experimental fiction, that may or may not tain Goering has defined woman’s sphere as being sell well. the home, and her chief occupation the recreation I am, etc., of the tired warrior . . . two activities that may be somewhat di"cult to reconcile. In the wholesale ROSE MACAULAY. [July 20, 1935] 18 TIME AND TIDE May 14, 2020

THE STATUS OF WOMEN fine food the Fascists are eating and the excellent wine they drink. SIR,—It was disappointing to find that the foremost British weekly journal, TIME AND TIDE, This is an appeal for money to send food to loyal should fail to give an account, even the briefest, of Spain. There have been many such appeals, and it the happenings in Geneva relative to the “ Status of is to the credit of England that they have been Women, ” which was on the agenda of the 18th answered. But this is a di!erent appeal. It is an Assembly of the League of Nations. appeal for those men and women, loyal to their All the most important international women’s country, who are teaching in schools and barracks, organisations, representing some 40 million women, nursing in hospitals, making drugs and anæsthetics had sent their representatives to Geneva, these same in laboratories, carrying on researches in science, societies had sent in their reports of the various and preserving libraries and works of art. Their aspects of di!erentiation in the laws as between contribution to keeping up the spirit of the people men and women, which were printed by the League and to mitigating the agonies of war has been of and circulated ; 26 Governments had complied with inestimable value. the League request for information as to the pos- Let us send them what reinforcements we can : ition of women under national laws ; the delegates the material reinforcement of such things as food of 23 nations spoke on the subject when it came and tobacco ; the mental reinforcement of a gesture before the First Commission, some of them more of friendship and admiration. Please send your than once. money to : Spanish Intellectuals Fund, Writers When the competence of the League to deal Association, 23, Haymarket, London, S.W.1. with the subject was questioned, France declared I am, etc., that “ everything that concerns mankind concerns the League. ” Great Britain stated: “ It is no longer SYLVIA TOWNSEND WARNER. [May 7, 1938] a question if women should be granted equality, but how and when ; the Danish Government expressly sent a special woman delegate to state HOSPITALITY FOR JEWISH REFUGEES Denmark’s views ; three full Sessions were devoted SIR,—May I, as a Provincial Lady, make the to the discussion ; a special sub-committee was set following suggestion to others ? Most provincial up to draft an agreed resolution; the sub-committee households have at least one guest room that could expressed the opinion that “ the trend is for laws be o!ered to one or two Jewish refugees in need of to develop in the direction of equality between the rest and country quiet, for a month’s hospitality or sexes ” and proposed that the further study of the more. question should be entrusted to the competent As my own guests, although applied for, have not scientific institution, a small body of experts, yet been allotted to me, I propose to deal frankly comprising members of both sexes to determine with the di"culties that will naturally occur to the the scope of the enquiry and distribute the work mind of every housewife. among the scientific societies which should publish It will be possible to ask for guests able to speak a synthetic survey, and asked that the Secretary- English. General should report progress to the Assembly in It will also be reasonable to suggest that Chr- his annual report—but of all of this no word in TIME istian, or non-practising, Jews would be easier to AND TIDE, not even in the “ Events of the Week ” entertain than those requiring special catering. which chronicles such important items of news as : It is probably advisable to state a definite length “ Sept. 24, Arrival of Mussolini in Munich ; Sept. of time for which hospitality is available. 29, Resumption of weekly Cabinet Meetings in Even so, the plan will undoubtedly mean extra London ! ” work, added expense, a considerable sacrifice of There are many readers, men and women, who time—possibly grumbling from the less imaginative are looking forward to the full story of which the members of the household—perhaps trouble with the above facts are a skeleton, appearing in the pages maid—or maids—and additional di"culty in the of TIME AND TIDE. already complicated business of running a small I am, etc., home today. There is one consideration, and so far as I know MONICA WHATELY, L.C.C., [October 23, 1937] one only—that disposes of all these objections. Are Hon. Sec. The Six Point Group. we going to wait to help those who have lost 31 Brookfield, everything, and have su!ered unspeakable cruelty West Hill, N.6 and injustice, until we can do so with no slightest possibility of inconvenience to ourselves ? If so, we AID FOR SPANISH INTELLECTUALS shall wait a long time. SIR,—From Madrid, Langston Hughes writes: O!ers of hospitality can, I believe, be made to Sometimes a meal consists largely of bread and Mrs. Ormerod’s o"ce at 5, Mecklenburg Square, of soup made with bread. Somebody is sure to London, W.C.1. repeat an old Spanish saying, “ Bread with bread— I am, etc., food for fools. ” Then we all laugh. One of Franco’s ways of getting back at Madrid is to broadcast daily E. M. DELAFIELD. [December 31, 1938] from his radio stations at Burgos and Seville the Croyle, luncheon and dinner menus of the big hotels, the Cullompton, Devon. May 14, 2020 TIME AND TIDE 19

Trusts and Anglo-American Relations. ” It is a well- BOOKS written, lively, and thoroughly documented book, which can be read with pleasure by those who agree least, as well as those who agree most, with its fundamental Politics and their Background thesis—namely that Governments should keep their hands o! the oil trade. The book is an attack upon the policy, By MARY AGNES HAMILTON initiated by Mr. Churchill, of investing British money in The Referendum. By J. St. Loe Strachey. ( Fisher Unwin ; 3/6. ) Persian oil shares, largely on the ground that, as a consequence, we were brought into unhappy coll ision The Oil Trusts and Anglo-American Relations. By E. H. with the United States. The collision, like any collision Davenport and Sidney Russell Cooke. ( Macmillan ; 7/6. ) with a nation with whom it is of the last importance to The Shoreless Sea. By Mollie Panter-Downes. ( Murray ; 7/6. ) us to be on the most cordial terms, was certainly From time to time, serious persons have propounded regrettable ; nor does anyone want to defend all the more or less mechanical devices designed to make dem - unsavoury haggling that went on at the San Remo, Genoa ocracy a reality. Among them the Ref er endum is the and other Conferences. But is it any real remedy to ask most important. They all su!er from the same di"culty Governments to keep out of the oil business ? After all, that applies to it—they assume an arithmetical conception the United States Government is not in the oil business. of democracy. If, somehow or other, you can get all the That does not at all prevent its policy, in certain vital people to go to the poll, you have then got, so it is argued, particulars, from being determined as the authors of this e!ective popular representation. But have you, as a book show, by Standard Oil. The question that rises as matter of fact, got anything of the sort ? Surely the one reads is, is it better for Governments to control expression of popular will cannot be thus automatic. Trusts, or Trusts to control Governments ? In any case, There is implied in democracy a condition precedent to there is much of interest in this lively book, over and the mere exercise of the vote, and that is political above the political aspect of oil. Indeed, to some, the consciousness. The advantage of the vote is that it is ( as sec tions at the end, which deal rather with the economic used to be urged in the su!rage days, and as has been and geological aspects, describe the available oil proved to a large extent already in the case of women ), resources of the world, and suggest that they are much in itself educational. But that educational character is more extensive than are generally supposed, will be the lost when the exercise of the vote is made purely most arresting of any. As a hand book to the whole topic mechanical—when all that the voter is invited to do is to of oil this is a book that is worth keeping, as well as register “ Yes ” or “ No ” against a proposition he is not reading for its animated treatment of an actual and asked to understand. It may be that only a small pro- important, present hour controversy. portion of the electorate is brought to the point of * * * * understanding anything at a General Election ; but poor It is a far cry from the Referendum and the World’s as electioneering education is, there is nevertheless an Oil Supplies to any novel, and not least far to one of such attempt to induce the voters to think, not on a specific engaging naïveté as Miss Panter-Downes’ “ The Shoreless stunt, but on policies as a whole—to present ideas to them. Sea.” But novels after all belong to the background of Of course, as Mr. Strachey would point out, the Ref - politics—indeed, to that most important section of their erendum is not intended, by those who advocate it, as background which concerns the human beings whom they an alternative to an Election ; it is a supplement to it. a!ect. The reader who peruses this well-written love He in fact, in this ingenious book, supports it as an story from the meeting of the children in the wood, to adjunct to parliament, as a means of rescuing it from the tragic end, where Guy drowns himself to save Deirdre the “ disconsideration ” into which it has fallen. One feels from breaking the heart of her husband Terence Lord that the “ disconsideration ” is al ready a thing of the past ; Liscarney, will be struck by a curious unreality about it, at the moment we probably think too much, rather than to which he cannot quite give a name. Something is left too little, of the House of Commons. Anyhow it is hard out. If he turns back to the beginning and studies the to see how the Referendum is going to do anything but “ jacket ” as I did not do until I had finished the book, he lessen its authority ; still harder to see how it can help will understand. The authoress is only sixteen. It is cert - being a powerful reinforcement to mechanical as against ainly interesting to have so clear an example of what intelligent politics. All the evidence is to the e!ect that sixteen leaves out ; all the clearer because the young the Referendum is, in the main, an instrument for author has a decided literary gift and, considering her preventing things being done ; an opportunity for the enviable disabilities, has spun out her tale with un - mobilisation of prejudice, and, above all, of intellectual common skill. Her subsequent e!orts will be worth timidity and laziness. To the “ Anti ” it is a priceless ally. watching. [February 8, 1924] And the “ Anti ” psychology is very much more dangerous, and more prevalent, than Mr. Strachey seems to allow. He cites, as an argument for the Referendum, a supposed case where, inside a Party in power, there is a deter - Rolled Logs mined minority, which actually, so he supposes, rules the By N. G. ROYDE-SMITH. roost. He con templates, indeed, a case in which this minority compels the majority under the threat of The Mulberry Bush and other Stories. By Sylvia Lynd. scission, to pass a Bill to which they are opposed. Of ( Macmillan ; 6/- ). this it is doubtful whether he could produce any example. But he could produce examples of many another case, A Casual Commentary. By Rose Macaulay. ( Methuen ; 5/- ). where a minority opposes a Bill desired by the majority, Sooner or later the reviewer is bound to be faced by with su"cient recalcitrance to make it impossible. It is, the problem of log-rolling. The literary world is a small nine times out of ten, the “ Anti ” who holds and sells, and a friendly one, and, as everyone in it is a writer the pass. It is the negative power of obstruction that is either of books or of reviews and very often of both, the deadly. This power the Refer endum would enhance. time must come when each of us is asked to review the An extraordinary number of people are, and ought to book of a friend. At first the young reviewer with a be interested in oil, and they will derive much profit, as noble mind refuses. “ I know the writer, I cannot deal well as a good deal of entertainment from “ The Oil fairly with his book, ” is a correct position. But, little 20 TIME AND TIDE May 14, 2020 by little, as worldly and social experience grows, such crystalline sound of her talking, and see the grace and an attitude becomes impossible. You must either give colour which are always about her, and cannot believe that up reviewing altogether or resign yourself to reviewing anyone who reads The Sybarite and Journey’s End, or The your friends’ books. This resignation places you in one Mulberry Bush itself, or Story for Ornithologists or The of two dil emmas, an unpleasant or a pleasant one. In Guilty Passion can fail to realise these things as well if the first or unpleasant dilemma, the book being, or not quite so much as I do. seeming to you to be bad, you either have to deal frankly So, in the case of these two books there seems nothing with it and so lose or at any rate hurt your friend, or to for it but log-rolling of the most thorough and unrem- be lenient with its faults and so lose or hurt your own orseful kind. They make the very best of good reading in reputation as a critic. In the second, or pleasant dil- whatever spirit you approach them. For my own part, all emma, you like the book as much as you love its writer is well. I am not a prey when I have read either of them and, finding both charming, you either hesitate to say through to that most devastating of all a reviewer’s so in the fear that your judgment has been blinded by unhappy hours, the hour in which a friend’s book has your personal a!ection, or you let your enthusiasm guide fallen far below the expectation that friendship has been your pen and incur the odium so generally bestowed on justified in holding of it. I can roll a happy log with the the log-roller. best of good consciences. I am glad that my friends write In the cases of Mrs. Lynd’s Mulberry Bush and Miss books. [November 13, 1925] Macaulay’s Casual Commentary I find myself in the second dilemma. These two delightful books arrive for review in the same parcel, and as I cut their pages, it The Importance of Art seems as if the voices and laughter of two of my most amusing friends are joining together in another happy By SYLVIA LYND. fireside hour, or shouting through the wind of a long day’s walk on the Downs or across some heather covered The Strange Necessity. Rebecca West. ( Cape. 10s. 6d. ) common. These two incomparable talkers, forsaking the Rebecca West is a woman of genius. Nothing that novel in which form an author can more completely sink she writes could leave the reader cold, whether in denial an identity than is possible in the incumbent egoism of or agreement. She is one of the greatest controversialists the essayist, have each selected from their fugitive and rhetoricians of her time. Her disa d vantage is that journalism enough of pieces to make a volume. And I as a critic of modern literature her powers so seldom defy anybody reading either of these volumes to escape meet anything worthy of their force. She is an agitator from an ultimate sensation of having read and re-read without a cause, a swords man without an adversary, a the thoughts of a friend. This is, of course, the feeling champion of the ring who can find no-one to stand up which any good essayist leaves in a reader’s heart. Do and be knocked down. She should have had a revolution we not all know Montaigne as well as we know E. V. to live in. That old quarrel about votes for women which Lucas, and cherish for Charles Lamb the same deep and used to wear the glory of justice around its head personal regard as we feel for Mrs. Meynell or for Mr. provoked the most brilliant of her youthful writings, and Belloc ? we can imagine her in France of the tumbrils or Rome I open A Casual Commentary and read Rose Mac - of the Christian martyrdoms or in Russia of the serfs, aulay’s advice to those who, as a choice of career would pleading for what is fair, orderly and amiable with the rather sit in Parliament :— irresistible violence of a hurricane. Loosed upon contemporary literature, this beautiful “ The only trouble involved in sitting in this com - storm with its lightnings of ridicule and its sun, that, fortable place is the preliminary standing for it, which however incalculable and indiscriminating, is warm and is a great bore, but does not last long. Most candid- golden and good to bask in, seems at times excessive. ates are not, what with one thing, what with another, There is a lack of balance in the frail, small, base, and elected, so that it is more likely that your career will be the succession of towering ideas that rise above it. What standing for parliament than sitting in it. ” Miss West gives us in a critical article is out of all The author’s phrase so exactly recalls the familiar proportion to the value of the thing that has set her mind word ; is, in meaning and imagination punctuated by the to work. She is the Slave of the Review-book, the genii writer’s wry smile ; hurries so entertainingly as if on her who when summoned, can transform a laundry into a own breathless quickness of speech, that it seems as if strange and gorgeous palace by some means incom - every reader must hear it as I do. I imagine that to all prehensible to humankind. who read it must be as if each one of her mocking rapid Thus Mr. Sinclair Lewis’s “ Elmer Gantry ” inspires inquiries into The Sanctity of the Home or Human Speech her to a consideration of the nature of satire, and to the or The Problems of Married Life or Platonic A"ection or following definition of the satirist : “ He must fully Cranks were a bubbling joke, with every now and then a possess, at least in the world of imagination, the quality, flash of serious thought above its gaiety, intimate and the lack of which he is deriding in others. ” Thus Miss friendly to the hearer even as it is to me. Ethel Dell provokes her to a consideration of what creates So, too, at the end of the first enchanting sketch (none the best-seller, and to such a discovery as that best-sellers of Mrs. Lynd’s so-called stories are really tales) in The have, “ like the toad, a jewel in its head : this jewel of Mulberry Bush, I come upon its lovely close, telling of the demoniac vitality. ” Or a cant crit icism of Jane Austen child into whose pleasant and cherished places Death has prompts a comparison with the breaking of old glass or made his first inroad. china : “ Something beautiful that has lasted a long time is at an end. The man who made it, the hundreds of “ I meant to grieve, but I watched the snowflakes people who have tenderly appreciated it and guarded it, and insensibly I ceased to think of anything except are insulted by its fracture. ” Or she tackles the problem the snowflakes, and a feeling of warmth and well- of international relations with a hard-hitting common- being stole over my body as I watched them swing sense that delights all that is grandmotherly in one’s down and round, and wander up again, and stick nature: to the window-sill, and look like stars, and ray out “ In this world, where it is hard to understand into transparency and disappear. ” those within arm’s length, even those within our arms, And, as I read, I hear Sylvia Lynd’s welcome and the it is nearly impossible to understand those who are May 14, 2020 TIME AND TIDE 21

beyond our sight, who are not explained to us by ties calculation of probabilities will show to be not worth a of birth, or the contact of the flesh. For England to gambler’s money. It is only on art, which is imperish- have under stood the American revolutionaries, for the able because it is collective and detached from man’s American revolutionaries to have understood England perishable body, that I can rely for unfailing inspiration would have presupposed a di"usion of imagination in this business of living. ” among the populations which would have made them What prompted this discovery was an account of nations of artists. . . ” certain experiments on the brains of dogs—Conditioned When confronted with nonsense, Miss West is the Reflexes. There Miss West found in the experimenter’s most valiantly sensible writer alive, but it is, one method of extracting the truth about the nature of dogs, suspects, her search for an adversary which leads her a parallel to the approach to the art of the great novelist. into wisdom on some of these occasions. That in art this approach is frequently unconscious does It is this combativeness which makes Miss West’s not change the resemblance. Pursuing this discovery, it work so magnetic, drawing our attention as a fight in the seemed to her that art is the extension that man has street draws us to the windows. And what wit is in her evolved of his brain. That deprived of art, he is deprived death blows ! How neatly she gives her thrusts as, when of not only a vast continent of pleasure, but of the she says of Dante, that he “ has that air of taking local experience which will enable him to move through life politics seriously, which makes the Minor Prophets so graciously and intelligently. unlovable, ” as when she says of Lord Morley that he is To say that I followed the path of Miss West’s “ about as full of the ripe wisdom of earth as an umbrella reasoned progress with hesitation, gives no picture of frame, ” or a thousand other strokes that are delicious to the reluctance and recalcitrance with which I was the spectators. pushed and pulled along it. Miss West’s excitory com- Miss West’s quality is emotional excitement rather plexes, to use the language that forms a modest than reasonableness. Her opinions may be, and often proportion of the book, are not mine. Her meat is my are, excellently wise ; but they will never be easily poison. What annoys her, gives me pleasure. What accountable. Conscious of this herself, perhaps, she gives her satisfaction gives me disgust. I suspect her of attempts in the long meditation upon art which forms being more keenly delighted by knowledge than by the main body of her book, to rationalise her emotional beauty. I suspect her, whenever I disagree with her, of responses. She wants to know why certain things being wrong. But I declare, while di!ering from her delight her—an Ingres Portrait, Proust, Ulysses. It is over various art products, that the means by which she with the mischievous discovery of a feeble poem by convinces herself of the importance of art, is to me James Joyce that the meditation begins, and it has convincing, while with the final conclusions—“ that art is trailed across much of time and most of space when it in part a way of collecting information about the reaches its conclusion. It is a big and di"cult under- universe, ” that art is “ nothing less than a way of taking, an attempt to prove incontrovertibly, by scientific making joys perpetual ” noone will quarrel. methods, that art is the means that man has invented And how rich in imagination and attainment in fine of making himself will to live rather than will to die. perception and exactness of record is the last essay in “ The only forces,” says Miss West: the book, where Miss West abandons critical for creative “ Which make me run alongside my body’s deter- work and paints the beauty of the Mediterranean sea mination to live and keep pace with it, are my personal with a more varied and brilliant palette than literature happiness and art. My personal happiness is stag - has ever before brought to the task. geringly insecure, for it is conditional on the continued This is a stimulating, infuriating, amusing, richly- existence of a group of people, on the preservation of laden book, and noone but Miss West could have written my health, on the maintenance of harmony that any it. [July 27, 1928]

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( The Hogarth the essential history of all the appeals that have been Press. 5s. ) made for funds for the higher education of women or This enchanting essay is based, Mrs. Woolf asks us for any other exalted and unpopular cause. As a pend- to believe, on papers read to literary societies at ant to the soles and partridges, the sou#é and wines Newnham and Girton. The societies, she tells us, asked of the ancient hall where she lunches, she hangs the her to speak to them about Women and Fiction. gravy soup, the beef with its attendant greens and Perhaps she did receive the invitation. Perhaps she potatoes, the prunes and custard and the water- accepted it and was heard by rows, or is it circles, of drinking of the modern college where she dines. listening, spellbound, wondering students who still Against the inherited wealth, the patronising super - murmur to each other, when they meet on lawns or in iority of one sex, she sets the poverty, the sub- lecture-halls, about the amazing evening when Virginia ordination, the inferiority complexes of the other. Woolf “ read a paper. ” Perhaps it all happened, but it “ Women live like Bats or Owls, labour like Beasts, and does not matter. For her statement about the origin of die like Worms ”, wrote one who might have been a her essay is like M. Paul Valéry’s declaration that both good poet if she had been born di!erently sexed. the content and the length of Eupalinos were prescribed “ I thought of that old gentleman, who is dead now, by an editor. Something, no doubt, did happen. M. but was a bishop, I think, who declared that it was Valéry had a letter from an editor. Mrs. Woolf had a impossible for any woman, past, present, or to come, to letter from Newnham or Girton. On both occasions have the genius of Shakespeare. He wrote to the papers something from the outside world dropped into the mind about it. He also told a lady who applied to him for of an artist and there set up a process of fermentation. information that cats do not as a matter of fact go to At the end of that exciting process Mrs. Woolf looked heaven, though they have, he added, souls of a sort. ” into her mind and found it brimming with clear golden “ The genius of Shakespeare ! ” Mrs. Woolf shows us verities about Women and Fiction, Women and Poetry, the pitiful fate which would have overtaken a sixteenth- Women, in short, and the creation of literature. But the century woman who had to carry along with Shake- serene possession of clear golden veri ties is only the first speare’s genius the burdens of poverty, contempt and stage of an artist’s work. Truths are not given to artists chastity. No woman of genius would have had a dog’s to be possessed in solitude, but to be revealed. And these chance of bringing it to fruition. It is, indeed, only now, truths were of a kind extraordinarily di"cult to reveal by Mrs. Woolf concludes, that women are approaching the the only e!ective method : the subtle introduction into the time when they may use their gifts, unimpeded by pre - minds of other people of an innocent kitten of a fantastic judice, lack of money, family duties and a frail feminine idea, which makes itself at home in the most engaging reputation. Give them five hundred a year and a room of and disarming manner before it shows the teeth and claws their own. In another hundred years they may be good of the fierce tiger of a truth that it really is. The verities writers, even good poets. And that, for Mrs. Woolf, is Mrs. Woolf wanted to domesticate in the minds of her supremely important, for “good writers, even if they show readers were so well-known and, alas, so controversial. every variety of human depravity, are still good human They had served so many times as slogans and rallying beings. ” They live in the presence of reality. Fortunately points—“ economic independence, equal opportunities, for us, Mrs. Woolf not only lives in the presence of reality, equal moral standards, limitation of families. ” How were but can carry her readers there with her. She has not these topics to be disguised as kittens when they were so needed a hundred years. [November 15, 1929] easy to spot at a glance as man-eating tigers bristling with the weapons of attack and defence ? Very few writers could have brought o! the trick, and none other with the consummate skill exhibited by Mrs. The Health of Women Woolf. She does it by her own sparkling method, enriched and perfected by experiment and practice to be an By V. B. exquisitely responsive instrument for registering the Two Contributions to the Experimental Study of the flickering lights and shadows of the subtle, elusive but so Menstrual Cycle. unerringly directed mind that guides and controls it. A I. Its Influence on Mental and Muscular E!ciency, by sophisticated innocence, a socratic humility, an imag- S. C. M. Sowton and C. S. Myers, M.D., F.R.S. ination that flashes to universals through a wealth of gorgeously decorated particulars, an irony that must, one II. Its Relation to General Functional Activity, by E. M. would suppose, silence its victims for ever by the stab of Bedale, M.A. ( Industrial Fatigue Research Board. H.M. its penetrating point, were it not for abounding evidence Stationery O"ce. 2s. 6d. ) that they are not in the least silent but continue to give From the earliest times to the present day, in societies tongue in evening papers and other places where the widely separated by the degree of their civilisation, the opinions of Man on Woman are sought and valued :—these menstrual function among women has been the subject are some of the gifts that Mrs. Woolf places at the service of nervous and ignorant fears, which have often resulted of her thesis that judgments pronounced by women as in the most savage tabu regulations. So completely literary artists ( and by implication as exploiters of several unscientific was the half superstitious, half sentimental other kinds of genius or talent ) are, up to the present, attitude of the nineteenth century towards the physical worthless. They are worthless for the simple reason that phenomena peculiar to women, that only a few years ago nobody knows what women can do until large numbers of girls were still universally taught by their parents, their them have had the advantage of an income adequate for doctors, and their schools, to “make a di!erence” during experience and leisure, together with all the privacy needed periodicity whether their health required it or not. The for those delicate processes of creative composition. result has been that this occurrence, instead of being The theme is admirably introduced by a vision of looked upon as a commonplace of good health in women, May 14, 2020 TIME AND TIDE 23 is generally regarded by both sexes as a pathological abnormality which provides su"cient excuse for hysteria MUSIC and indeed for almost any kind of uncontrolled behaviour. It is only within recent years that scientific inv- A Forgotten Masterpiece estigation has begun to establish the fact that—save in cases of defect or abnormality—the weakness associated By CHRISTOPHER ST. JOHN. with periodic functions has been mainly due to mistaken education and suggestion. In 1914, for instance, Dr. Leta EVEN the composer herself had “almost Hollingworth concluded, as the result of exp eriments forgotten” its existence. In this month’s London made by her, that the menstrual cycle had no e!ect on Mercury Dame Ethel Smyth tells us that when she the mental and muscular e"ciency of normal women. was writing her Memoirs she hunted up her Mass in Similar conclusions have been more recently arrived at D, and found “ to my utter amazement that I should by Dr. Sanderson ( “ Menstruation during School Life ” ), never do anything better. I then wrote to Messrs. Dr. Sturgis ( “ Dysmenorrhea in Women employed in a Novello about it, and their wholly justifiable reply, large Departmental Store. ” Journal of Industrial Hygiene, Vol. V., 1923 ), Dr. Sanderson Clow ( British Medical ‘ We fear your Mass is practically dead, ’ was the Journal, 1920–2 ), and in the United States by Dr. G. needed tonic. I at once asked the best friend I have Bilhuber ( “ The E!ect of Functional Periodicity on the in music, Sir Henry Wood, to look at it, and the Motor Ability of Women in Sports, ” American Medical result is that on February 7th, 1924, it is to be Women’s Journal, December 1926 ). revived at Birmingham. ” There have been so many The latest contribution to the growing scientific lit- slips between the cup and the lip in the career of this erature on this subject takes the form of two reports on gallant musical genius that even while she made that the influence of the menstrual cycle just published by the confident announcement, she may have had a doubt Industrial Fatigue Research Board. In the first of their whether the revival, for which she had had to wait experiments, carried out by the Director of the Board, 31 years, would take place. I confess that it was not Dr. C. S. Myers, and by Miss S. C. M. Sowton, selected until the basses of the Birmingham choir began to tests of mental and muscular e"ciency were applied daily murmur Kyrie Eleison ! that I was sure the res - over periods ranging from six to nine months to thirteen University students and sixteen factory operatives. urrection of the “ practically dead ” was an acc- Suitable precautions against the influence of suggestion omplished fact. The music rose in glory, breaking the were taken by keeping the subjects in ignorance of the silence to which apathy and stupidity and prejudice purpose of the tests. The second investigation, carried had condemned it, with an energy which could not out by Miss E. M. Bedale, M.A., dealt with the more have left the slowest in heart to believe with a doubt physiological e!ects of menstruation on one normally that it has life, and has it more abundantly than the healthy woman of thirty during a three-months period of majority of works with which English choral societies strictly controlled conditions. Systematic observations have been busy during the years it has been en - were made of the daily variations in body temperature, tombed. Since that great day at Leipzig when Men- basal metabolism, blood pressure, vital capacity, and the delssohn brought Bach’s “ Matthew Passion ” out of rates of pulse and respiration. the grave of neglect it is improbable that any aud- The results of the first investigation showed that: ience has been more staggered. Although my varied (i) “ The influence of normal menstruation is not musical experiences during the last ten years have greater than other influences which may a!ect strengthened the opinion, first formed at a per - the performance of the tests at other times. ” formance of “ The Wreckers, ” that of all modern (ii) “ The nature of the influence varies in di!erent English composers Ethel Smyth has the most truly women and with their social status. ” original talent, I was staggered. I had expected to In some of the women the menstrual period actually had find a work of intensely individual feeling, but one a stimulating e!ect which induced greater e"ciency. which, because of the composer’s youth, might be Miss Bedale reached the similar conclusion that the technically immature, the seedling of the fine plant e!ect of normal menstruation was in any case slight, of later days. But this mass, planned on as vast a and that “ accidental depressions as great as that which scale as the famous two by Bach and Beet hoven, is recurs with menstruation are of frequent occurrence. ” not promise, but fulfilment, not aspir ation, but ach - She added the interesting commentary that “ variations, ievement. It shows such a complete mastery of almost or quite as great, and as frequent, occur nor- musical means, both in the choral writing and in the mally in the physiological processes of men also. ” The preface to both reports states that : orchestration, that the composer’s claim that she has never done anything better is justified by the “ The combined results of the two investigations, brilliancy of the workmanship no less than by the whilst indicating the existence in some individuals beauty of the ideas. This reminds me that one of of slight variations in e!ciency and functional activity during the menstrual cycle, confirm the more Ethel Smyth’s most characteristic qualities is her recent work on the subject in indicating that this power to fuse the two. What she has to say and how strictly physiological phenomena has, as a rule, no she says it are indivisible. It is for this reason that noticeable e"ect on working capacity amongst one never thinks whether she has the “ idiom ” of a normal healthy women. ” school or of a fashion. Her idiom is the direct and Reports such as these show the urgent need for a straightforward expression of all those things in the revision of the general attitude towards the physiological deep heart which, but for music, would for ever in processes of normal women. If only they could be briefly this life remain inexpressible. and simply rewritten and circulated to young parents, In “ Impressions That Remained ” Ethel Smyth to headmistresses and to older school-girls, a marked describes “ the acute religious experience ” of which improvement in the health of the next generation of this mass was the fruit. Her assertion that “ at no women would result. [August 24, 1928] period of my life have I had the feeling of being saner, 24 TIME AND TIDE May 14, 2020 wiser, nearer truth ” is confirmed by her music, which, hear—a thing we are bound to take into although it moves in an atmosphere of luminous consideration when we ask how it is possible it ecstasy, is entirely free from that hysterical erotic should have been put on the shelf for thirty years. sentiment which disfigures many musical compositions That the chief reason for this astounding neglect in miscalled “ religious. ” Yet I doubt whether the “ orth - a country where opportunities for the performance odox belief ” which the composer says fell away from of choral compositions (especially those with a her directly she had finished the mass was ever hers. religious tendency) are many, and not blocked by The spirit of a fierce desire for faith rather than of the same obstacles which make the hope of the faith itself is manifest in her treatment of the words production of an opera or a symphony fantastical of the liturgy. She expresses the feelings of the and illusory, is that Ethel Smyth is a woman, can creature towards the Creator with a clamorous hardly be questioned by anyone who has read her vehemence which recalls a phrase about “ protesting “ Burning of Boats ” article in the London Mercury. too much. ” Let me admit that this is a retrospective This conclusion is extremely distasteful to me. The impression, for while I was listening to the mass I was struggle of an artist, as such, is terrible enough so entirely carried away by its musical splendour that without sex-prejudice being added to the hostile I did not analyse the character of its spiritual driving forces which delay recognition. How much energy, power. It was enough to know that the power was which Ethel Smyth might have put into creative there. I felt it in the Kyrie, with its sharp, anguished work, has been consumed in fighting that prejudice ! shouts for mercy, assuming in the great contrapuntal How tragic that she should be better known to the climax an almost threatening character ; in the Credo, public as a fighter than as a musician ! The fight is with its poignant Crucifixus, its fulness and freshness not yet won, as we may see from the obstinacy with of life in the wild choral outburst on the words which some male critics adhere to the silly custom dominum et vivificantem, its exultant hope of the world of calling Ethel Smyth a “ woman-composer ”—a title to come in the final fugue. I was overwhelmed by it which implies that her work is not to be judged in the Gloria, sung, not in the liturgical order, but at unconditionally on its merits. Also, that it is not the end—an innovation about which I do not intend to first-rate, as, unhappily, there have been no great be pettily pedantic, especially as this is not a liturgical women-composers. It is natural that Ethel Smyth mass. What if the picture here is one of maenads should resent this, because, though a trifle in itself, rather than of angels, what if a Dionysian intoxication it has had a powerful influence in preventing her seems to di!use itself over the divine chorus ? St. music from taking its proper place. While I feel Augustine observes that “ we have some things in this very strongly, I feel more strongly still that common with the pagans, but our end is di!erent. ” there are worse things than not having your work The Hellenism in Ethel Smyth’s musical temperament comprehended and honoured. Who would not prefer bursts out in this Gloria. It is in the Credo that one life-long neglect to life-long inability to produce detects most easily her communings with Thomas à something the neglect of which matters ? Who Kempis. would not choose the career of César Franck, with That at Birmingham the predominating imp - all its humiliations and disappointments, before the ression left by the music was that “ The King dom of career of Saint-Sæns ? Because Ethel Smyth was Heaven is taken by violence, ” may have been partly able to compose the Mass in D, I hold it superfluous due to the fact that the more thoughtful, meditative, to com miserate her trials. The melancholy fact that and mystical passages were allotted to a vocal quar - she should have had to wait thirty-one years for its tet, only one member of which, Miss Margaret second performance is swallowed up in the glorious Balfour, the con tralto, came near doing the music one that it was worth waiting for. I have just heard justice. Miss Balfour’s lovely solo in the Sanctus that a third performance is to take place at Queen’s did not create its proper effect, however, owing to Hall in March, which enables me to close an inad- the substitution of the organ for the violins, whose equate tribute to a work of genius on an appropriate parts had been lost. The difficulty of judging how note of triumph. [February 22, 1924] much a musical work has lost ( or gained ) in int- erpretation is one which stumps me until I have heard it many times. But it was fairly obvious on this occasion that the mass lost a good deal at the THE THEATRE hands of the orchestra. More rehearsal than ever seems possible in England is needed before the “ The Children’s Carnival ” choral and instrumental elements in a work of this magnitude and complexity can be woven into one The Pioneer Players, for the last performance of texture. The Birmingham choir overcame their diff- their ninth season, which may be their last season, as iculties with courage, and at times sang splendidly, the Society announces its intention of discontinuing although the zeal of the sopranos outran their its e!orts to make two gaping ends meet unless a beauty of tone. Mr. Adrian Boult conducted the modest subsidy is forthcoming to assist the process, performance in a way which showed a deep app - produced a translation of Saint-Georges de Bouhélier’s reciation of the manifold beauties of the score, but play “Carnaval des Enfants,” first performed in Paris did not always beat out the steely, untiring rhythm at the Théâtre des Arts in 1910, since revived at the steadily enough, and, if my instinct is to be trusted, Odéon, and now earmarked for production at the occasionally softened contours which should have Comédie Française this autumn. been angular and grim. The mass, however, is one It would seem, on the face of it, that by bringing of those works which are harder to perform than to a work of the reputation of “ Carnaval des Enfants ” May 14, 2020 TIME AND TIDE 25 on to the London stage, if only for two performances, audience, but whether the audience is able to satisfy the Pioneers were doing the right thing. The mem- the needs of the play, and it is in this category that I bers of the society and their friends who filled the place “ The Children’s Carnival. ” It has been urged Kingsway Theatre on Sunday evening, June 21, rec - against it that it is harrowing, unjustifiably painful. ognised this in the only way they could—by enth- This could also be urged against “ Œdipus. ” The usiastic acc lamations of the actors and actresses, of cruelty of the two aunts in this play, the cruelty of the producer, and of the author, who had come over the narrow-minded, uncharitable people who “ mean from Paris on purpose to see the performance, which, well, ” of which cruelty a dying woman and a little by the way, he declared to be in many respects more child are the victims is not a pretty thing to see. But faithful to his intentions than any previous one. is it not strange that people should profess to be Although an English audience has a prejudice against shocked by the spectacle of pain in the theatre, while tragedy, being apparently unable to enjoy healthily in life they so often show callous indi!erence to its and sanely a work of art which excites pity and existence ? Sentimentality dwells with hardness. The terror, “ The Children’s Carnival ” was received with story of “ The Children’s Carnival ” resembles that of all those marks of favour which make the delighted many masterpieces of art in showing the cruel manager exclaim “ A success ! ” on a first night. Yet, catastrophes which may accumulate on innocent from the notices which app ear ed in the Press on the heads through some stroke of fate, such as that which following day, you would have thought that the play brings the aunts back to Céline’s deathbed. Unfort - had failed. This misrepres entation has probably unately, I have not left myself space to pay an destroyed what chance there was of de Bouhélier’s adequate tribute to Sybil Thorndike, whose acting work being brought before the ordinary public, “ cet enabled us to see how the elements were mixed up in humble monde, ” as he writes in the preface to his this character, to feel that the worst of us are not so “ Le Roi sans Couronne, ” “ qui s’occupent peu de bad as we suppose, nor the best so good as they think, système, ni du genre, et qui ne se demandent pas tout and I have to be silent, too, about Renée Mayer, little d’abord, si l’auteur innove ou non, pour se permettre Madeline Robinson, the best child actress I have ever de rire ou de pleurer. ” It was, indeed, discouraging seen, Fewlass Llewellyn, Stella Rho, and the actresses to those who believe that the chief business of a play who made of the aunts such a memorable picture of is to “ move ” the spectators, and that, if the dramatist two black fates, two unconscious evil fairies. Edith succeeds in achieving this, he justifies the selection Craig’s production rightly mingled reality with dream. of his thematic material, whatever it may be, to find [June 25, 1920] that “ The Children’s Carnival ” had been damned by the majority of those journalists who are for some unfathomable reason entrusted in this country with the skilled work of dramatic criticism. I have no ART quarrel with individuals, although I think that a critic The Royal Academy of the standing of Mr. William Archer, who started his comminatory notice of this play by saying that he By G. RAVERAT. had never heard of de Bouhélier, ought to have heard THERE are at any rate some things which are of him. nearly perfect in this year’s Academy : the new green It has been said in some adverse criticism of leather seats. Their colour scheme is excellent, their “ The Children’s Carnival ” that the noises of the three-dimensional composition superb, and their Mardi Gras revels outside the humble home where feeling for mass and weight most sensitive ; in fact, the tragic story is developed were not necessary, or they have that directness of appeal, which is the true that they were too obviously dragged in to excite a mark of creative genius. For my part I do not know sense of contrast, or that they were “ theatrical, ” the what I should have done without their voluptuous bad reputation of which word is alone enough to and chubby forms, for in other respects it is a dep - show how greatly the art of the theatre is mis- understood and despised. There is little to choose ressing year. No Sickert, no Spencer ; not even a between this type of critic and the man who, looking little Lamb. The good works are small and are apt at an artist’s portrait of someone standing up, says to hide away in corners. Some of the most serious it would be a much better picture if the subject were work is to be found in the black and white room sitting down ! In the theatre every detail which does ( Gallery IX ) ; among many good drawings it is inv - not illumine the action, which does not help to idious to choose, yet two chalk landscapes ( 1203, manifest the idea of the play, obscures. Those who 1205 ) by Muirhead Bone show a most lovely feeling complained of de Bouhélier’s carnival background for the colour of the black ; a pencil study of a nude had simply not understood its symbolic character. ( 1218 ) by G. Ledward is good ; and Auction ( 1201 ) The din of a toy trumpet, the laughter of passing and Children’s Pony Show ( 1219 ) by H. C. Hoyland revellers, the strains of a sentimental waltz, are all combine a delicate feeling for form with a delightful woven into the texture of the piece, and are heard sense of the grotesque. The standard of dry points, at moments when they are calculated to stir the etchings and woodcuts is high ; and, to choose one feelings of the spectator to greater sensibility. If the instance, The Ape and the Dolphin ( 1299 ) by Steph- play were given shorn of these noises “ off, ” it would en Gooden is an extremely fine example of the be realised that they are not factitious, but emot - engraver’s art. ionally significant. Dame Laura Knight, R.A. Elect, is obviously the There are a few plays of which we do not ask most important exhibitor of the year. At the end of whether they are able to satisfy the needs of the the big gallery hangs her large circus picture ( 143 ) ; 26 TIME AND TIDE May 14, 2020 with clowns, acrobats, dappled horse and fair analysis. The cultured and the uncultured are equally equestrian, all complete. Her diploma painting responsive to it, and equally powerless to find its source. Dawn ( 520 ) is also shown ; and a large landscape Chaplin’s new film, The Gold Rush, would have to be Spring in Cornwall ( 599 ) has been bought by the seen at least a dozen times before one could truthfully Chantry Bequest. But I like Ballet ( 199 ), and two say that one had seen it. As John Sargent said: “ Chaplin small paintings of Ascot ( 676, 680 ) better than any does things and you’re lucky if you see them. ” In this of these large things. In the Ascot pictures the work of his maturity he is more prod igally inventive than colour is pleasing ( and Dame Laura Knight is not a ever, and at a first visit even a trained eye may miss natural colourist ), and the treatment is more free many of his e!ects and a trained mind miss the and direct than in any work I have seen of hers significance of what the eye does succeed in seeing. A before. She has always been a good, if rather rough- painstaking study of any Chaplin is worth while, for without it the high touches of imagination, and the power handed draughtsman ; she seems now, with her of observation which flash out of his bu!oonery cannot astonishing vitality, to have begun to think about be fully appreciated. Old Chaplin adorers who remember colour, and to turn her attention to the vast field of the Keystone comedies when he first made the world composition. In her early work, such as Spring in shake with Homeric laughter, may miss in The Gold Rush Cornwall ( 559 ) there is simply no composition at all, some of the riotous energy of his youth. Chaplin has not even a colour-pattern. The spring ingredients, aged, and become so sad and wise that his motley—the gorse, lambs and rainbows are stirred well together ; splay feet, the smudged moustache, the shabby bowler, two figures are planted in the middle like cherries the grotesque trousers (not so grotesque now by the way on a cake, and the dish is ready to serve. In this in these days of Oxford bags), the rattan cane—seems year’s circus picture ( 143 ) some thought has been incongruous. It is noticeable too that he has slowed-up given to the arrangement, though it is not quite his tempo, with the result that his movements seem more successful. But ( though they are not paintings of calculated. The delicious air of impromptu which Chaplin horses ), the Ascot pictures seem to challenge once gave to every e!ect has vanished. It may be that comparison with the paintings of racehorses in the the responsibility of being his own author, producer, and field by Degas ; and Ballet quite deliberately calls his manager weighs heavily on him. Yet the compensa tions work to mind. Of course, she is a long way yet from are great. It is this concentration of functions which has the complicated and inevitable counterpoint of colour enabled Chaplin to develop a film idiom peculiar to him, and movement and placing in space of Degas; when, and to stamp his ideas not only on the scenes in which in a long line of moving horses it would be he appears but on those in which he is manipulating impossible to alter the direction of a head, the toss other characters of his imagination. The interweaving of a tail or the lifting of a hoof without upsetting the of irony and pathos with extravagantly grotesque humour has been done with superb craftsmanship. In The Gold whole picture. In Ascot ( 680 ), the direction in which Rush, Chaplin occasionally introduces into the texture a the people have turned their opera-glasses, is not at note of horror, an Edgar Allan Poe note, which is not to all inevitable, although the movement all lies here ; be found in his other films. As an example of it, take the nor has she yet under stood the importance of the grisly situation in the hut when one man goes mad with placing of the picture in the frame—the exact place hunger, and sees his companion not as a fellow human where the edges of the slice of vision are drawn. But being, but as game which can be killed and eaten. You Ballet is undoubtedly the best composition of hers I begin to shudder. Then Chaplin takes one of his harle - have seen. […] [May 9, 1936] quin leaps from horror to humour, and by expr essing with a wealth of comic gesture his determination not to be eaten, turns tragedy into burl esque. There is an incident here which admirably displays his love of FILM essentials and his method of getting fun by the exercise of simplicity and reticence. A bear wanders into the Films—and Films shanty. Chaplin shoots it, and quick as thought begins By HECATE. to lay the table! I am not surprised that it took Chaplin two years to AMONG the eminent men of Hollywood who provide make The Gold Rush. If it had taken him ten years it the world with four-fifths of its films, there are a few, as would have been worth it. Unlike Shakespeare, who Mr. Robert Nichols’s articles in The Times have proved, never blotted a line, Chapin blotted thousands of feet who wince under the lash of European criticism. They of celluloid, far more than he retained, before he was plead that the vast uncultured population of the Middle satisfied. The result is that the film is a highly conc- West of the United States is the public on which they entrated essence of life, so strong at times that it makes reckon for their profits ; and that its ignorance is one choke, and gasp for breath and relief. Its contrasts responsible for the generally low standard of American are violent. Against the background of the pitiless pictures. Artists, actors and writers who would gladly snows of Alaska, a savage wilderness where men risk do finer work for the screen are hampered by having to their lives for gold, the puny timid little figure of cater for people who are only partially civilised. It takes “ Lonely, ” symbol of the solitude of every human soul an e!ort of imagination of which few of us are capable in this world. In essence it is the same character that to con ceive the size and nature of this public. The best Chaplin has always portrayed, the vagrant, the outsider, thing I know about it is that it has not shown itself who gets entangled in the lives of others without losing incapable of appreciating the genius of Charles Chaplin. his loneliness, but here it is treated more seriously. I It loved him long before the fastidious few dis cover ed feel that Chaplin has put as much of himself and of his him and began with a great show of learning to analyse life into Lonely as Shakespeare put into Hamlet, or his art. Somehow it has always managed to elude Ibsen into Peer Gynt. [October 9, 1925] May 14, 2020 TIME AND TIDE 27 WESTMINSTER IN THE TIDEWAY February 20. VISCOUNTESS ASTOR asked the Home Secretary what is the It is a welcome fact that there are now so many cost per annum of the Metropolitan women patrols? professional openings for women that one evening does SIR J. BAIRD : The cost is approximately £27,000 per annum. not su"ce to hear of them. This was made plain at a February 21. reception given at the Forum Club last week to rep- MR. MALONE asked the Home Secretary whether, in view of resentatives of new professions for women. Those who his statement made in the House on 25th October concerning spoke had scarcely any time to do more than state the the great value of police women, he can give an assurance that he will oppose the recommendations of the Geddes Committee name of the profession they had entered, and the Chair- to abolish the Metropolitan women patrols ? man mentioned several others—not represented that MR. SHORTT : I regret I cannot give the assurance asked for. evening. Soon parents will not be worried by the lack of February 23. means of livelihood for their daughters, but, just as with LORD H. CAVENDISH-BENTINCK asked the Home Secretary their sons, the di"culty will be choice. [June 11, 1920] whether it has been decided to disband the women patrols division of the Metropolitan Police ; and, if so, in view of the * * * * long training, character, and experience of this body of police I hope the four authors pilloried by the Nation and women in the duty of safeguarding public morality, whether the Athenæum, popularly and more succinctly known as he will reconsider this decision ? the Athenation, in a recent issue as “ Feminine Fiction, ” MR. SHORTT : The disbandment of the Metropolitan Police enjoyed the selection of their books and their criticism Women Patrols has been recommended by the Committee on National Expenditure, and the recommendation is one under cover of generalities about women. Criticising one which I feel bound to carry out. book of short stories of which the critic does not app- February 24. rove, we are treated to the sweeping generality that no MR. GILLIS asked the Home Secretary whether, in view of the woman can write short stories. Persevere, O critic, and opinion expressed by the Committee on the Employment of try again—without looking at the author’s name or Women on Police Duties, that in thickly-populated areas where knowing its sex. [November 18, 1921] o!ences against the law relating to women and children are not infrequent, there is not only scope, but urgent need, for the * * * * employment of police women, and also of the fact that there is un- In welcoming the new “ Woman Journalist, ” which doubted evidence that the conditions of streets in which the patrols have worked have greatly improved, he will very carefully consider app eared this month, I cannot do better than to quote the matter before deciding to adopt the recommendation of the the gracious words in which Her Majesty, the Queen, Committee on National Expenditure to abolish women patrols ? shows her appreciation of the aims of its authors, the MR. SHORTT : I would refer the hon. Member to the reply Society of Women Journalists. Her Majesty sends the I gave to a question on this subject yesterday. following, “ The Queen learns with much interest that February 22. in January, 1923, the Society of Women Journalists will MR. BRIANT asked the Minister of Labour if his attention issue the first number of their new magazine ‘ The has been called to the hardship inflicted on the women cleaners who have been recently discharged from Government Woman Journalist. ’ Her Majesty understands that the o"ces by reason of the decision of a court of law that they main object of the publication will be to form a link are not eligible for the unemployment grant ; and if, in view between women writers throughout the Empire. The of the fact that they and the Government believed that they Queen sincerely hopes that the magazine will have a were covered by the Unemployment Act, he will introduce a happy and prosperous career. ” [January 26, 1923] Bill so as to bring them within the benefits of the Act ? DR. MACNAMARA: I am aware that as a result of the recent * * * * decision of the High Court women cleaners in Government That wonderful thing the Federation of Women’s and other o"ces are not insured against unemployment, and Institutes has this week been holding its annual meeting consequently are no longer entitled to unemployment benefit when discharged. As I infor med my hon. Friend on in London. The rapidity of the growth and development of Wednesday last, any such person who has paid more in the Institutes is a sign of the need for them and of the contributions than she has received in benefit may apply for sensible method of organisation. Intelligent opinions refund of balance. I am not prepared to introduce legislation expressed on a wide range of subjects were a prominent in the direction suggested by my hon. Friend. feature of all the meetings. [May 23, 1924] February 22. MRS. WINTRINGHAM asked the Secretary of State for the * * * * Colonies whether reciprocal arrangements have been made Owing to the valuable co-operation of readers, the with the Dominion of Canada for the enforcement of results of TIME AND TIDE Publicity Week considerably maintenance orders under the Maintenance Orders ( Facil - ities for Enforcement ) Act, 1920 ; and, if not, whether steps exceeded the hopes of the directors. A larger increase are being taken to make such reciprocal arrangements ? in direct subscribers was registered between October MR. CHURCHILL: It is necessary for reciprocal legis lation to be 31st and November 7th than had ever been registered passed in Canada before maintenance orders under the Act referred in one week before, whilst fresh orders came in from to can be enforced in any part of the Dominion. I understand that newsagents all over the country. At the TIME AND TIDE the matter is under the consideration of several of the Provincial Tea Party a large number of guests from all parts of Governments, but so far as I am aware, the necessary legislation has not yet been passed in any of the provinces. the country were present to hear some of the directors, MR. MILLS : Is the right hon. Gentleman aware that in notably Lady Rhon dda, Professor Cullis and Miss every section of the British Empire there are outstanding cases Rebecca West. After the speeches discussion took of hardship inflicted on women who have been deserted? place as to the poss ibilities of adding certain new February 24. features to the paper, and Mr. Percy Haselden spoke VISCOUNTESS ASTOR asked the President of the Board of of the help which readers could give to the circulation Education how many classes there are in public elementary department. [November 14, 1924] schools in England and Wales containing 40 or more scholars; how many classes there are con taining 50 or more * * * * scholars; and how many containing 60 or more scholars? Foreign A"airs has taken an unusual but very MR. FISHER : The total number of classes in public welcome step in appointing its new editor. Mrs. Swan- elementary schools in England and Wales for the year ended 31st March, 1920, was 150,559. Of these— wick, substitute delegate for Great Britain to the League 39,039 contained 40-49 pupils. of Nations, is to fill the post, with Miss Stella Morel, 31,204 ” 50-59 ” daughter of the founder of the paper, as assistant. Two 6,970 ” 60 or more pupils. swallows do not make a summer, but they herald its coming. [January 30, 1925] Total 77,213 [March 3, 1922] BIG BEN. 28 TIME AND TIDE May 14, 2020 Time Table A Rainbow Procession Friday, June 18, to July 14. Saturday Afternoon July 3 At the Redfern Gallery, 27, Old Bond Street, W. Exhibition of Original Works by George Bissill ( the Coal-Miner Artist ). ETAILS are now available of the main scheme of this Friday, June 18, to June 24. dramatic demonstration. Finding themselves hamp- ered politically, exploited industrially, restricted At Walker’s Galleries, 118, New Bond Street, W. Exhibition D pro f essionally and debased domestically women are coming of Paintings by John Sell Cotman (from the Bulwer coll - ection). together again as women, to demand equal rights. Prac - Friday, June 18, to June 25. tical, as always, they are making this demonstration not only a thing of multitudes, but a thing of beauty. Each section At the R.W.S. Gallery, 5a, Pall Mall East, W. The London will have its own colours and the marshals are to carry Group Exhibition. rainbow colours so that the whole vast e!ect will be coloured Friday, June 18. 11—6. as a rainbow, distinct and definite, but all harmonious. A At the Six Point Group, 92, Victoria Street, S.W. Exhibition final list of speakers at the many platforms will be available of Arts and Crafts . next week, but so far the list of societies participating gives Friday, June 18. 2.30. the promise of good oratory. They are :— At the Criterion Restaurant. Lady Forbes-Robertson and the Committee of the Actresses’ Franchise League. At Home. Association of Women Clerks and National Union of Women Teachers. Secretaries. National Women Citizens’ Assoc- Saturday, June 19. 2—11.30. Actresses’ Franchise League. iation. At Palais de Danse, Fountainbridge. Edinburgh Women British Commonwealth League. Post O"ce Women Clerks’ Assoc- Citizens Association Fête, Sale and Dance. The Fête will be British Federation of University iation. Lady Sleigh Women. Saint Joan’s Social and Political opened at 2 p.m. by . Civil Service Sorting Assistants. Alliance. Saturday, June 19. 2.30. Co-operative Party. Six Point Group. At Grosvenor House, Park Lane, W.1. Garden Fête and Electrical Society for Women. Standing Joint Committee of Indus- Dance, Q.M.A.A.C. Old Comrades’ Association. Federation of Women Civil Servants. trial Women’s Organisations. Guild of Girl Citizens. Theosophical Order of Service. Saturday, June 19. 3.0 and 7.0. Guild of Citizens of To-morrow. Trades Union Congress. At Hyde Park. The League of Arts. A Country Folk Dance Higher Grade Women in the Post Women’s Co-operative Guild. Party. O"ce. Women’s Election Committee. Saturday, June 19. 6.0 International Woman Su!rage Alli- Women’s Engineering Society. ance. Women’s Freedom League. At the Crystal Palace. The National Union of School League of the Church Militant. Women’s Group of the Ethical Union. Orchestras. Seventeenth Annual Concert. Liverpool Dressmakers’ Association. Women’s Guild of Empire. Monday, June 21. 8.15. London Teachers’ Association. Women’s International League. London Society for Women’s Service. Women’s National Liberal Federation. At the Minerva Club, Brunswick Square, W.C. Speech Club. National Council of Women. Women’s Sanitary Inspectors’ and Miss Peggy Webling on “The Evolution of the Heroine in National Union of Societies for Health Visitors’ Association. English Fiction.” Equal Citizenship. Workers’ Union. Tuesday, June 22. National Union of Teachers. Young Liberal Federation. At Royal Hospital Gardens, Chelsea. Theatrical Garden Party. Special prominence is being given to International and Tuesday, June 22. 5.0. Oversea groups and to Youth. As the above list shows org - At the Central Y.M.C.A., Tottenham Court Road, W.C.1. anisations of “ Youth ” are taking active part and in addition Association for Moral and Social Hygiene. Annual Meet ing. the unorganised, but numerous “ under 30s ” are gathering Tuesday, June 22, and Wednesday, June 23. well and will not only form a large contingent in the At the Kingsway Hall. Women’s National Liberal Federation . procession, but are having their own platform where the Council Meetings. clear, undimmed courage of youth will declare itself. Mr. Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday, June 22, 23 and 24. 7.30. Baldwin promised to enfranchise these women during his At the Guildhall School of Music. The St. Bride Operatic Government’s reign. Time is slipping by and he makes no Society present “ The Gondoliers. ” move. The “ under 30s ” and the “ over 30s ” are not too Tuesday, June 22. 8.30. pleased at having to remind Mr. Baldwin, as they have done, At Kensington Small Town Hall. Basil Dean on “ The Modern so often and at now having to rub it in by means of Russian Theatre. ” demonstration. The type of stupid politician who, mole-like, Wednesday, June 23. 3.30. says “ there is no demand, ” will, after July 3, be silent. If At Hyde Park Hotel. Annual Meeting of the London and he does not see it and hear it for himself he cannot fail to Provincial Anti-Vivisection Society. hear of it. All the old arts and long practice are co-operating Wednesday, June 23. 8.45. in this united e!ort of women, organised and unorganised, At the Æolian Hall. First of Three Recitals of Spirituals and party and non-party, old and young, trained and untrained, Plantation Songs in Costume by Edna Thomas. skilled and unskilled, professional and domestic, manual Thursday, June 24. worker and brainworker ; only the non-worker, the idler, the Second Reading of the Peeresses’ Bill. parasite have no share in it. [June 18, 1926] Thursday, June 24. At Daly’s Theatre. Matinée in aid of the Infants’ Hospital, Vincent Square and Children’s Country Holiday Fund. Princess Mary, Viscountess Lascelles will attend. Thursday, June 24. 6.15. At the Green Salon, 40, Chandos Street, W.C. Mr. Eustace Miles on “ About Walking and Holidays. ” Saturday, June 26. 3.0 At Studio House, Rosslyn Hill, Hampstead. Reception. Montessori Preparatory Training Course. Monday, June 28. 5.45 At the Six Point Group, 92, Victoria Street, S.W. Miss Vera Brittain on “ Equal Political Rights. ” Saturday, July 3. Hyde Park. Equal Political Rights Demonstration. Line up on

the Embankment at 2 p.m. [June 18, 1926] 1926] 18, [June May 14, 2020 TIME AND TIDE 29 PURPLE PASSING OUR MEN’S PAGE WHO KNOWS ? Dear Sir Du!er,—It is with Edited by Dear Sir Du!er,—Can any profound excitement that I of your scholarly and res - have perused the Announce - SIR DUFFER D’AMBORING, BART. earchful readers explain the ment, which you have so grac- Special Introduction history and symbolism of the iously sent me, of your forth- dress device so exquisitely coming work in the interest of MODES, MANNERS & MORALS described by Lady Du!-Gor - the meeker sex in that elegant GENTLEMEN,—I take pleasure in introducing myself to you. don in the Daily Sketch for little sheet, TIME AND TIDE. I This welcome event is due to the decision of TIME AND TIDE, November 28th ? Your collea - hasten, therefore, to seek your the world’s most uplifting paper, to devote this page to gue writes as follows: advice regarding a most gentlemen only. I beg to announce that as its Editor I shall “. . . . Her dress was a wisp delicate mat ter. It concerns my be in the happy position of giving my opinions as to Modes, of chi!on, vividly embroid - wedding costume, to be worn at Manners, and Morals for Men. Every e!ort will thus be ered with beads in the my com ing marriage with my made to raise Journalism for Gentlemen from the deplorable Chinese fashion. I remem - fian cée, to whom I am engaged. level to which it has sunk. It was the Father of Modern ber that on her knee was a What would most become me, Clothes, Professor Diogenes Teufelsdröckh, J.U.D., etc., who huge bird, and on her chest think you ? I am a bachelor, cried The benignant e!cacies of Concealment, who shall a monkey, and, later on, a good looking, with cheeks that speak or sing ? Gentlemen, the answer is I !—Du"er snake.” are nice and rosy when I am d’Amboring, Bart. ! Each week, in a Special Article, I shall I am a painter. ( Of stage pleased. My hair is fair and sing of something that concerns YOU. And in personally scenery ). I am designing my numerable, though quite thickly answering all questions put to me ( O, I do so hope you will next Spring’s smocks, and clustered over the ears. Also, all write and ask my advice about things ! ) I shall speak with should like to copy this vivid as you will observe in the authority—an authority, I may say, gained from many years embroidery if possible. But is enclosed photograph, I use a of arduous club life and study of the mind masculine.— it suitable for men’s wear? very small “ streamline ” mous - Du"er d’Amboring, Bart. Nat urally, in a matter so del - tache. icate, I must sign myself Now in view of these qualifi cations in what, as I pass down simply.—The Gentleman of Seven Smocks. the aisle with my bride on my arm, shall I look most attrac ------tive ? I mean, of course, by means of what external accessories, Note.—I shall be glad to publish any information on this i.e., what colour button-hole, gaiters, handkerchief, socks and point from those who know. Du"er d’Amboring, Bart. gloves ? For these are the most important matters in marriage, are they not ? I shall wait breathlessly for your answer. By the by, perhaps you could suggest an appropriate Christmas gift NICE AND NUDE for my wife-to-be ? And, ah, yes, I almost forgot—I am rather Dear Sir Du!er,—I am an earnest young man, six feet round, my height is exactly five feet half an inch, and I am four inches in height, almost twenty years of age, a succ - sixty-eight years old. Believe me, Sir, yours in the extremity of essful poet, and am fond of conversation. I am a seeker admiration and gratitude.—Horace Pouncefort Smith. af t er originality in dress, believing with all my soul that ------through clothes one may express one’s personality. Dear Mr. H. P. Smith,—How charming of you to consult me However, I am not rich. I should like, therefore, to consult in a matter so personal, so intimate ! May all glory be yours you before spending the quarterly dress allowance of one as you enter the golden gate ! Ah that I too were young and . . . guinea which my mother has just sent me. Perhaps you But no, to business. The “ accessories, ” as you so brilliantly could give me some original ideas regarding the employment term them, must be of deep manganese purple. Then, my dear of this sum ? I am particularly anxious to refurnish my fellow, as you march down the aisle you will make what the wardrobe now as I expect to be asked to dine at a ladies’ great periodical critics agree to call a purple passage. So much club of great fame, where my conversation is in demand. I colour is a little unusual, perhaps, in this unimaginative age, enclose several dozen patterns of cloth, which I have but it is quite correct. However, if you wish to add a more collected free of charge from the shops. Which one shall I solemn touch let one end of the necktie fall low over the breast, choose for my new suit? Have you any original ideas about expanding in an inverted V-shape as it sways gracefully, a nice Christmas gift for my dear old mother ?—Henry Ham. coming to rest just above the left knee. The e!ect is elegant. ------For purposes of warmth this panel is sometimes lined with Dear Henry Ham,—Indeed yes, I have many ideas as to wool—whence its name, the Doctor’s Panel—but this lining is how to dress well on four guineas a year, and how to do it rather old-fashioned now, and I should not advise it. For a with originality, too ! First, Is your waistcoat reversible ? Christmas gift I should advise a pair of those If not, make it so. Take any old waistcoat— new nude stockings for ladies, now so popular Next Week’s Men’s Page will preferably of some gentle tweed—and line it among men.— include a Special Article by with a light silk. Scraps from silk hand ker- Du"er d’Amboring, Bart. Sir Du"er d’Amboring, Bart. chiefs will do. The result, worn some times entitled one side out and sometimes the other, gives BRACE BUTTONS FOR excellent economical variety. Also old trou- LITERARY GENTLEMEN Mr. ERVINE ADVISED sers deftly arranged (your dear mother will May I take the liberty of suggesting to Mr. St. John Ervine show you how, I am sure), can be made into sleeves, and that he allow me to advise him re his going away costume ? these, worn with reversible waistcoats, make a series of Perhaps he does not quite realise what critical mistakes can be novel sport and dinner jackets. Trousers, by the way, may made. Does Mr. Ervine know that what the tailors call the be made most original by sometimes adding a piece—one of “ Tube Coat, ” though it would become him charmingly if made those patterns which I am returning by book post, will do— on the newer crossover lines, cannot possible be worn in Fin- to one leg, at the point where the cloth of the trouser comes land ? ( There is no underground travel in Finland. ) Does Mr. in contact with the boot, or sock. This e!ect gives a delight - Ervine know that short sleeves are fashionable at first-nights in ful air of tristesse, and is very e!ective. However, the best Beloorhistan ? That a single flower must be carried in the left use you can make of your patterns really is to stitch them hand when walking in Persia ? That he will not find moun- together (collecting more for the purpose if necessary) and tains nearly so monotonous as he fears if he will climb them in have your new suit made of all of them instead of one of a pair of those new nude socks, now so popular among tourists ? them. Such a costume will be original, will it not ? As you These are merely examples of what Mr. Ervine may learn if he have a comparatively small allowance, I should suggest that will send me his complete itinerary, together with a stamped for your mother’s Christmas gift you give her no stockings addressed envelope. All correspondence will be strictly con fid - at all. This new nude e!ect is very nice and popular now en tial and the fee will be nominal. among older women. Du"er d’Amboring, Bart. Du"er d’Amboring, Bart. [January 4, 1924] 30 TIME AND TIDE May 14, 2020

Women’s Challenge To Men In Sport players almost good enough for any men’s team. Miss K. Lidderdale, England’s centre-forward, is one of them, By EUSTACE E. WHITE. the chief of them. She is in ladies’ hockey just what NYONE wishing to preach a sermon on this theme Miss Leitch and Mlle. Lenglen are in their special has a text ready to hand in the recent golf match spheres. All three are geniuses. Substitute Miss Lidd- Abetween Miss Cecil Leitch, the lady golf champion, erdale for S. H. Shoveller at centre-forward for England’s and C. Gassiat, the crack French pro fessional. Receiving male team, and she would neither damage her own only one-third, that is, six strokes in the round, Miss reputation nor let the side down. Another lady who plays Leitch, by brilliant golf, won easily by 4 up and 3 to play. like a man is Miss Bryant. As she has played for This upsets many preconceived notions. Hitherto a England some twenty-six times, it is not surprising that “ half, ” or 9 strokes, had been regarded as the di!er ence some of the fine edge has been worn o! her game. At between a first-class lady and first-class amateur. Many her best she would be an acquisition to many a good matches had been played to prove this. And now comes men’s team. Miss Leitch to show that a woman—she, at any rate— And why is it that women have so gained ground on wants only six strokes from a first-class pro fessional—and the men ? The answer is—opportunity and physical cult- a first-class professional is several strokes better than a ure. There are innumerable physical training colleges all first-class amateur. over the country, where students who are to become Miss Leitch may be a super-woman, but there is no games mistresses go through a most comprehensive guarantee she will not have successors, in fact, it is scientific course of physical culture, which includes expert highly probable she will, for women seem to grow taller instruction in hockey, lacrosse, lawn tennis, cricket, and bigger and stronger every year, and, at golf, to hit swimming, gymnastics, dancing. So highly developed are the ball further and further. these students becoming in athletic exercises, that it is At lawn tennis, twenty years ago, the man champion no uncommon thing for them to achieve a jump of 5 feet could give the woman champion a start of “ 30. ” Could high. This height is probably higher than the average at he do it now ? Is there any man living who could give public school sports. Mlle. Lenglen such a start and be sure of beating her ? There are branches of sport in which men enjoy no Many authorities who can compare the two players, say real supremacy at all. Women make beautiful skaters. that Mlle. Lenglen is “ 15 ” better than Miss L. Dod. No English man, except a professional, could compare Again and again in practice, Mlle. Lenglen has shown with the late Mrs. Edgar Syers on skates. Croquet, too, that she can play a first-class man, a little below is a game at which women can hold their own with men. championship class, on level terms and hold her own. A lady, Mrs. Beaton, once vanquished all men in the And what about a game like hockey, into which speed croquet championship. In such sports as hunting, shoot- and power and cleverness so largely enter ? What cha- ing, and fishing, women have nothing to learn from men. nce would a team of first-class lady players have against Curiously enough, women are no match at all for men a first-class men’s team ? Not much, perhaps ; but, and at billiards, a game seemingly just suited to the delicate it is a very important “ but, ” there are individual lady touch attributed to them. [February 18, 1921] [February 27, 1932] 27, [February May 14, 2020 TIME AND TIDE 31 [October 2, 1925]

AN IMPORTANT NEW PAMPHLET THE PEACE OF THE WORLD

A Summary of the various Proposals which are now being 11932] 19, [March discussed all over the World, including :– Arbitration Schemes, Disarmament Proposals, THE INTERNATIONAL [January 27, 1928] Outlawry of War Treaties, etc., etc. WOMAN SUFFRAGE NEWS AN INVALUABLE REFERENCE BOOK (Jus Su!ragii) Price 3d. is an international record of the women’s Published by the Union of Democratic Control, movement which is unique in its scope. 34, Victoria Street, S.W.1. Every woman with a wide interest in world events ought to be a subscriber. Send 6/- for a twelve months’ subscription (post free) to THIS WEEK’S COMPETITION International Alliance of Women for We ask for a Su"rage and Equal Citizenship A Page from the Diary of the Provincial Lady’s husband. 190, Vauxhall Bridge Road, LONDON, S.W.1.

This subject, suggested by a competitor a few 30, 1928] [November weeks ago, seems a fitting postscript to the diary finished last week. “ Robert ” should have no di"culty in confining himself to 400 words. THE SIX POINT GROUP A DEBATE 1st Prize—Two Guineas. 2nd Prize—One Guinea. on Book Prize—Any book (value not exceeding 10/6). “ Women in the Press ” (THAT THE INFLUENCE OF THE DAILY PRESS IS The name and address (or pseudonym) of a DETRIMENTAL TO THE POSITION OF WOMEN) competitor must be written on his MS., and the Proposer . . Dr. LETITIA FAIRFIELD coupon given on page iii. of this issue attached to Opposer . . . . LORD RIDDELL it. A competitor may send in any number of ent - Chair . Miss Rebecca West ries; but each entry must be accompanied by a on Tuesday, March 27th at 8 p.m. IN THE coupon. Envelopes to Competition, TIME AND TIDE, [July 5, 1930] 32, Bloomsbury Street, W.C.1. All entries must Assembly Hall, Mary Sumner House reach this o"ce before noon on Friday, July 11th. TUFTON STREET, WESTMINSTER The results will be published in our issue of July Tickets . 3/6 and 2/6 Reserved. 1/- Unreserved 19th. From the Secretary, Six Point Group, 92, Victoria Street, S.W.1 The Editor’s decision will be final. Telephone — VICTORIA 0905 [March 16, 1928] 16, [March 32 TIME AND TIDE May 14, 2020 [May 2, 1930] [May [May 2, 1930] [May May 14, 2020 TIME AND TIDE iii Afterword Some Notes on Our Contributors Helen Archdale (1876-1949), Scottish journalist and By CATHERINE CLAY. su!ragette. She was TIME AND TIDE's editor until 1926 and is his centenary publication commemorates a very probably the writer behind the “ In the Tideway ” feature magazine that occupies a unique position in the signed BIG BEN. history of Britain’s periodical press. Founded in * * * T Vera Brittain (1893-1970), novelist and journalist, best May 1920, in the aftermath of the First World War, known for her World War One memoir A Testament of Youth TIME AND TIDE di!ered from its chief competitors in (1933). She was a frequent contributor of book reviews and weekly review journalism ( papers like the still existing articles in the 1920s and early 1930s. New Statesman and Spectator ) both in its overt feminist * * * standpoint and in its all-female board of directors and Theodora Bosanquet (1880-1961), writer and critic, joined editorial sta!. While its predominantly female early TIME AND TIDE’s book pages in 1927 and in 1935 she became the magazine’s literary editor. From 1920-1935 she was the readership base was established by building upon a long secretary of the International Federation of University Women. and rich tradition of women’s periodicals produced by * * * and for women, TIME AND TIDE’s aim from the outset E. M. Delafield (1890-1943), novelist, best-known for her was to be a general-audience review run by women, a Diary of a Provincial Lady which first appeared as a serial in goal that represented a new world of achievement given TIME AND TIDE from 1929-1930. She joined TIME AND TIDE’s all- that all other weekly reviews were controlled and edited female Board of Directors in 1927. by men. * * * TIME AND TIDE’s gradual distancing from the Eleanor Farjeon (1881-1965), children’s author and a significant socialist and pacifist poet. Under the pseudonym “ feminist ” and “ women’s paper ” category played no “ Chimæra ” she contributed the topical verse feature “ The small part in its attainment of a position among the Weekly Crowd ” every week from May 1922 to May 1931. leading weekly reviews, a strategy that led some * * * contemporary observers as well as later historians to Cicely Hamilton (1872-1952), novelist, playwright and conclude that in the 1930s the magazine abandoned its veteran of the women’s su!rage movement. She was a director feminism for articles of more general literary and of TIME AND TIDE from the early 1920s and a regular con- political interest. However, this interpretation under- tributor of articles and book reviews. estimates the significance of what TIME AND TIDE * * * Mary Agnes Hamilton (1882-1966), novelist, journalist and achieved in becoming the only female-edited magazine Labour MP for Blackburn 1929-1931. She was a regular con- of its kind in a climate still hostile to women’s full tributor to TIME AND TIDE’s book review columns from 1920 to participation in political and public life. In fact, 1931. throughout the interwar years feminism remained a * * * central motivating and shaping force on TIME AND TIDE’s Winifred Holtby (1898-1935), novelist, journalist and anti- editorial policy and content as—like Virginia Woolf in racism activist, became a director of TIME AND TIDE in 1926 her twin feminist works of this period A Room of One’s following her return from a lecturing tour in South Africa for the League of Nations Union. One of Lady Rhondda’s closest Own ( 1929 ) and Three Guineas ( 1938 )—this magazine advisors, she wrote for the paper virtually every week, often extended feminist analysis into areas of cultural critique anonymously. and moved determinedly into the traditionally male * * * territory of foreign policy and international a!airs. Marghanita Laski (1915-1988), novelist, journalist and niece In this centenary edition we have chosen to of the political theorist and economist Harold Laski. She showcase some of TIME AND TIDE’s overt feminist contributed short stories and poems to TIME AND TIDE in the content, while replicating as closely as possible the 1930s and her novels are finding a new readership through their style, typeface and layout of the magazine as it repub lication by Persephone Press. appeared after October 1928, when its increase in size * * * ( from 24 to 32 pages ) and price ( from fourpence to Sylvia Lynd (1888-1952), poet, novelist and founding member of the Book Society (1929-1969). She was one of TIME AND TIDE’s sixpence ) brought it into line with the general-audience regular reviewers of fiction from 1922-1929. weekly reviews. Some features reproduced here did not * * * continue long into TIME AND TIDE’s second decade, for Naomi Mitchison (1897-1999), poet, historical novelist and example, “ In the Tideway ” with its medley of feminist Labour Party activist. From 1928 until the start of the Second observation and comment, and “ Personalities and World War she was a frequent contributor of book reviews, Powers ” which aimed to highlight “ women as well as short stories and poems. men of achievement. ” Others, such as “ Notes on the * * * Way ”, were inaugurated after 1928. But overall, the Gwen Raverat (1885-1957), wood-engraver and book selection and distribution of material across this illustrator. A member of the Bloomsbury Group, she became TIME AND TIDE’s regular art critic in 1929. souvenir edition is consistent with the pattern TIME AND * * * TIDE established, including the separately numbered Margaret Haig Thomas/Lady Rhondda (1883-1958), advertising wrapper ( introduced in March 1927 ) which Welsh peeress, businesswoman and su!ragette. She was TIME we have adapted for our use. AND TIDE’s founder and, from 1926, its political editor. Another of our key editorial decisions was to * * * reproduce only contributions made by women. Men did Naomi Royde-Smith (1875-1964), novelist and, from 1912- write for TIME AND TIDE ( among the most famous are 1922, literary editor of the Westminster Gazette. She was a T. S. Eliot and George Bernard Shaw ). But it was the frequent contributor of book reviews to TIME AND TIDE from work of an interwar generation of women writers and the mid-1920s. * * * journalists that made TIME AND TIDE a success, and Christopher St John (c. 1875-1960), pen name of Christabel these figures—along with the magazine itself—deserve to Marshall, su!ragette, playwright and journalist. Contributor be better known. We hope that this centenary edition during TIME AND TIDE’s first decade of weekly music criticisms will play a part in such commemoration and stimulate and fortnightly theatre reviews, she may also have been the thought on the status of women and feminism today. author of the magazine’s film column signed “ Hecate ”. iv TIME AND TIDE May 14, 2020

This Prospectus has been filed with the Registrar of Joint Stock Companies. TIME AND TIDE Publishing Company, Limited. Incorporated under the Companies Acts, 1908 to 1917, whereby the liability of the Shareholders is Limited. CAPITAL - - - - £20,000. Divided into 20,000 Ordinary Shares of £1 each. ISSUE of 15,000 SHARES of £1 each. Now o!ered for Subscription at par. Payable as follows :— 5/- per Share on Application. 5/- per Share on Allotment. 5/- per Share on 31st March, 1921. 5/- per Share on 31st March, 1922.

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REGISTERED OFFICE … 118, FLEET STREET, E.C. 1920] 14, [May Acknowledgements The book review by Vera Brittain (signed V.B.) is reproduced by permission of Mark Bostridge and T. J. Brittain-Catlin, This souvenir edition has been published in association Literary Executors of the Vera Brittain Estate. with the AHRC-funded “ TIME AND TIDE : Connections and Legacies ” project ( timeandtidemagazine.org ), directed Letters by Nancy Cunard, Rose Macaulay, and Sylvia by Catherine Clay, Associate Professor in Feminist and Townsend Warner are reproduced by permission of, Literary Studies at Nottingham Trent University, UK. respectively, the Literary Estate of Nancy Cunard, The Society of Authors as the Literary Representative of Every e!ort has been made to trace the copyright the Estate of Rose Macaulay, and The Estate of Sylvia holders and obtain permission to reproduce the material Townsend Warner. in this centenary edition of TIME AND TIDE. Please do get in touch with any enquiries or information relating “ March of the Women ” by Ethel Smyth, “ Demonstration ”, to the content or rights holders. “ TIME AND TIDE Alphabet ” and “ Write Your Way To Success ” are reproduced with the permission of the William Ready “ The Midsummer Appletree ” ( poem ) and “ The Popul- Division of Archives and Research Collections, McMaster ation Problem ” ( letter ) by Naomi Mitchison are re- University Library. printed by permission of David Higham Associates ( davidhigham.co.uk ) on behalf of the Estate of Naomi Permission to reproduce the following images from TIME Mitchison, as is “ The Millionaire’s Daughter Makes AND TIDE is granted by the Bodleian Library (Shelfmark: Good ” by Marghanita Laski, on behalf of the Estate N. 22891 c.23): Professor Winifred Cullis (sketch); of Marghanita Laski. Charnaux Corset Belt (advert); The Woman Engineer (advert); Japshan/Women Decorators (adverts). The Art column by Gwen Raverat is reproduced with the permission of the Estate of Gwen Raverat © Estate Catherine Clay would like to extend her warmest of Gwen Raverat. All rights reserved, DACS. thanks to Pippa Hennessy and Eleanor Reed for all their work on this souvenir edition. “ The Weekly Crowd ” and “ TIME AND TIDE Alphabet ” which appear under the signature “ Chimæra ” are also With thanks to our Project Sponsors and Partners reprinted by permission of David Higham Associates, on behalf of the Estate of Eleanor Farjeon, the author behind this pseudonym. “ Literary Censorship ” ( letter ) by Storm Jameson from Catherine Clay’s book Time and Tide: The Feminist TIME AND TIDE is reprinted by per mission of Peters and Cultural Politics of a Modern Magazine (Edinburgh Fraser & Dunlop ( www.petersfraserdunlop.com ) on University Press, 2018) is available in paperback, behalf of the Estate of Storm Jameson. £24.99, ISBN 9781474454810, and as an eBook.