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Plan De Acción Nacional Para Reducir La Interacción De PLAN DE ACCIÓN NACIONAL 2015 PARA REDUCIR LA INTERACCIÓN DE MAMÍFEROS MARINOS CON PESQUERÍAS EN LA REPÚBLICA ARGENTINA 2015 PLAN DE ACCIÓN NACIONAL PARA REDUCIR LA INTERACCIÓN DE MAMÍFEROS MARINOS CON PESQUERÍAS EN LA REPÚBLICA ARGENTINA REDUCIR LA INTERACCIÓN PARA NACIONAL PLAN DE ACCIÓN PLAN DE ACCIÓN NACIONAL PARA REDUCIR LA INTERACCIÓN DE MAMÍFEROS MARINOS CON PESQUERÍAS EN LA REPÚBLICA ARGENTINA 2015 El Consejo Federal Pesquero agradece al Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP), a la Fundación Cethus, al Centro Nacional Patagónico (CENPAT – CONICET), a Aquamarina y a la Fundación Patagonia Natural por las fotos aportadas para las tapas. Consejo Federal Pesquero Plan de acción nacional para reducir la interacción de mamíferos marinos con pesquerías en la República Argentina 2015 ; ilustrado por Marta Biagioli. - 1a ed . - Buenos Aires : Consejo Federal Pesquero, 2016. 168 p. : il. ; 24 x 17 cm. ISBN 978-987-26207-1-4 1. Pesca . 2. Mamíferos Marinos. 3. Conservación de la Fauna. I. Biagioli, Marta, ilus. CDD 599.5 Foto de tapa: Guillermo Harris. Fotos de contratapa: Guillermo Harris, Pablo Bordino, Diego González–Zevallos, Gerardo Ibáñez, Isaí Madriz. Ilustraciones: Marta Biagioli © 2016 - Consejo Federal Pesquero Humberto I 133 – Piso 5º C1103ACC – Buenos Aires – Argentina www.cfp.gob.ar ISBN 978-987-26207-1-4 Hecho el depósito que marca la Ley 11723 Impreso en la Argentina Se terminaron de imprimir 1000 ejemplares de este libro en Gráfica Offset S.R.L. Santa Elena 328, Ciudad de Buenos Aires en el mes de junio de 2016. PRESENTACIÓN El Mar Argentino cuenta con una importante diversidad de mamíferos marinos que tota- lizan aproximadamente 50 especies. Si bien Argentina no registra en la actualidad captura intencional de mamíferos marinos, se han identificado otras amenazas que pueden afectar su estado de conservación. La captura incidental de mamíferos marinos en las pesquerías constituye una problemá- tica a nivel global que ha llevado a organismos y convenciones internacionales a abordar la temática. La Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO) señala como aspectos fundamentales, entre los lineamientos para la aplicación práctica del enfoque ecosistémico a la pesca, las relaciones ecológicas entre los recursos pesqueros que son objeto de captura y las especies dependientes o asociadas con tales recursos. En este sentido, el marco general plasmado en el Código de Conducta para la Pesca Responsable establece que los Estados deberían adoptar medidas apropiadas para reducir al mínimo la captura de especies que no son objeto de la pesca, tanto de peces como de especies distin- tas, en especial aquellas que se encuentran en peligro de extinción. La Convención sobre la Conservación de Especies Migratorias de Animales Silvestres (CMS) ha avanzado en temas de captura incidental, pidiendo a todos sus integrantes me- didas para reducir la mortalidad de diversas especies de aves marinas, tortugas marinas y cetáceos en las pesquerías bajo su control. También se ha referido a otras especies migrato- rias como los lobos y elefantes marinos, recomendando una cuantificación de los impactos de las pesquerías industriales. En el “Plan de Acción para la Conservación de Cetáceos a Nivel Mundial 2002-2010”, la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (UICN) estableció prioridades para la región de Latinoamérica, entre las cuales figura el monitoreo de la interacción de cetáceos con pesquerías. A nivel nacional, la Ley Federal de Pesca (Ley Nº 24.922) establece en su artículo 17 que la pesca en todos los espacios marítimos bajo jurisdicción argentina estará sujeta a las restricciones que establezca el Consejo Federal Pesquero (CFP), con fundamento en la conservación de los recursos, para evitar excesos de explotación y prevenir efectos dañosos sobre el entorno y la unidad del sistema ecológico. En este marco, el CFP ha adoptado diversas decisiones orientadas a atender la temática con la convicción de que ello resulta beneficioso para la conservación del ecosistema mari- no y el desarrollo de la industria pesquera. Consecuentemente se encomendó al Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP) que, a través del Programa de Observadores a Bordo, instrumentase las acciones y metodologías necesarias para una ade- cuada cuantificación de la captura incidental de reptiles, aves y mamíferos marinos durante las tareas de pesca de la flota comercial (Resolución CFP N° 3/2001), y para que los pro- gramas de investigación fuesen estructurados bajo un enfoque ecosistémico (Acta CFP N° 26/2006). Finalmente, a través de la Resolución N° 11, de fecha 3 de diciembre de 2015, el CFP aprobó el Plan de Acción Nacional para Reducir la Interacción de Mamíferos Marinos con Pesquerías en la República Argentina (PAN-Mamíferos) cuyo objetivo es contribuir al manejo ecosistémico de las pesquerías, evaluando las interacciones entre éstas y los mamíferos marinos, a fin de disminuir los impactos negativos sobre ambos. El PAN-Mamíferos fue el resultado de un proceso participativo en el que se articularon las iniciativas de los organismos públicos de gestión, el sector científico, el sector académico y las Organizaciones no Gubernamentales, entre otros, que culminó en un taller llevado a cabo en el año 2011, bajo la coordinación de la entonces Secretaría de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable (actual Ministerio) y la Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura. Los objetivos específicos del presente Plan de Acción son: ampliar, profundizar y man- tener actualizado el diagnóstico de las interacciones operacionales de mamíferos marinos con pesquerías; fortalecer los Programas de Observadores a Bordo nacionales y provinciales, las actividades de los técnicos de campo en la toma de datos sobre interacción y captura incidental de mamíferos marinos; desarrollar medidas de mitigación y promover su imple- mentación, priorizando las acciones sobre las especies más vulnerables; y promover la im- plementación de medidas ya experimentadas en algunas pesquerías. Se destaca que la preparación final del documento fue realizada por profesionales del Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable de la Nación. En la elaboración de los capítulos sobre las Pesquerías en Argentina, las Interacciones entre Mamíferos Marinos y Pesquerías, y la Mitigación de la Captura Incidental de Mamíferos Marinos, se contó con la participación de profesionales de la Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura de la Nación, del CENPAT y del Museo de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia” y de Aquamarina, respectivamente. La información correspondiente al anexo sobre las Principales Especies de Mamíferos Marinos del Mar Argentino proviene principalmente del Atlas de Sensibilidad Ambiental de la Costa y el Mar Argentino. El CFP agradece especialmente el trabajo realizado por cada uno de los participantes que hicieron posible contar hoy con este documento, cuyos aportes ayudan a continuar avanzando en la implementación del enfoque ecosistémico en la ordenación pesquera, en sinergia con los demás Planes de Acción en marcha. CONSEJO FEDERAL PESQUERO CONTENIDOS SIGLAS.......... ....................................................................................................................9 I ANTECEDENTES ......................................................................................................13 II MARCO INSTITUCIONAL .........................................................................................16 III MARCO REGULATORIO ...........................................................................................19 IV ESTADO DE CONSERVACIÓN DE LAS PRINCIPALES ESPECIES EN EL MAR ARGENTINO .........................................................................................25 V PESQUERÍAS EN ARGENTINA ..................................................................................30 1. La flota pesquera nacional ..............................................................................31 2. La estadística pesquera ...................................................................................33 3. Actividad de la flota argentina durante 2014 ..................................................38 3.1. Flota fresquera .........................................................................................38 3.1.1. Flota de rada o ría ............................................................................38 3.1.2. Flota costera .....................................................................................42 3.1.3. Flota de altura ..................................................................................46 3.2. Flota congeladora ....................................................................................48 3.2.1. Buques congeladores y factoría ramperos .........................................48 3.2.2. Flota palangrera ...............................................................................52 3.2.3. Flota tangonera ................................................................................54 3.2.4. Flota potera ......................................................................................57 4. Perspectivas ....................................................................................................59 VI INTERACCIONES ENTRE MAMÍFEROS MARINOS Y PESQUERÍAS .............................60 1. Introducción a la captura incidental y los impactos de las interacciones operacionales y específicas ....................................................60
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