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_______________________________________________________ Dear authors. Please see below for specific edits allowed on this document (so that we can keep track of changes / updates): 1. Affiliations (Suggesting mode) 2. Comments only on sections 1-6, 8-14 (unless it is your groups’ section, in which case edits using Suggesting mode allowed) 3. Edits and contributions can be made by anyone, using Suggesting mode, to sections 7, 15-18. NB! Suggesting mode- see fig below: pencil icon at top right of toolbar must be selected as Suggesting (not Editing). ___________________________________________________________ WORLD OCTOPUS FISHERIES Warwick H. Sauer[1], Zöe Doubleday[2], Nicola Downey-Breedt[3], Graham Gillespie[4], Ian G. Comentario [1]: Note: Authors Gleadall[5], Manuel Haimovici[6], Christian M. Ibáñez[7], Stephen Leporati[8], Marek Lipinski[9], Unai currently set up as: W. Sauer Markaida[10], Jorge E. Ramos[11], Rui Rosa[12], Roger Villanueva[13], Juan Arguelles[14], Felipe A. (major lead), followed by section leads in alphabetical order, Briceño[15], Sergio A. Carrasco[16], Leo J. Che[17], Chih-Shin Chen[18], Rosario Cisneros[19], Elizabeth followed by section contributors in Conners[20], Augusto C. Crespi-Abril[21], Evgenyi N. Drobyazin[22], Timothy Emery[23], Fernando A. alphabetical order. Fernández-Álvarez[24], Hidetaka Furuya[25], Leo W. González[26], Charlie Gough[27], Oleg N. Katugin[28], P. Krishnan[29], Vladimir V. Kulik[30], Biju Kumar[31], Chung-Cheng Lu[32], Kolliyil S. Mohamed[33], Jaruwat Nabhitabhata[34], Kyosei Noro[35], Jinda Petchkamnerd[36], Delta Putra[37], Steve Rocliffe[38], K.K. Sajikumar[39], Geetha Hideo Sakaguchi[40], Deepak Samuel[41], Geetha Sasikumar[42], Toshifumi Wada[43], Zheng Xiaodong[44], Anyanee Yamrungrueng[45]. [1] Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa [2] Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories and The Environment Institute, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005 [3] Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa [4] Marine Ecosystems and Aquaculture Division, Science Branch, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, British Columbia V9T 6N7 [5] Tohoku University Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Sendai, Japan [6] [7] Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 440, Santiago, Chile. [8] AquaMeer, Pty Ltd North Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia [9] 1 [10] Laboratorio de Pesquerías Artesanales, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, (CONACyT), Lerma, 24500 Campeche, Mexico [11] Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia. Present address: Falkland Islands Fisheries Department, Directorate of Natural Resources, Bypass Road, Stanley FIQQ 1ZZ, Falkland Islands [12] [13] [14] Instituto del Mar del Perú, Dirección General de Investigaciones de Recursos Demersales y Litorales, Esq. Gamarra y Gral. Valle s/n Chucuito, Callao, Peru. [15] Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia. Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) Chile S.A. [16] Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del N orte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile. Millennium Nucleus for Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Islands (ESMOI), Coquimbo, Chile. [17] Tohoku University Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Sendai, Japan [18] National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan [19] Instituto del Mar del Perú, Dirección General de Investigaciones de Recursos Demersales y Litorales, Esq. Gamarra y Gral. Valle s/n Chucuito, Callao, Peru. [20] Resource Ecology and Fisheries Management Division, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, Washington 98115 [21] [22] Pacific Scientific Research Fisheries Center, Vladivostok, Russia [23] Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia. Comentario [2]: Affiliations 11 and [24] 23 are repeated, you may have left [25] Osaka University Graduate School of Science, Osaka, Japan it this way given that the Present [26] Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Oriente, Boca del Río, Isla de Margarita, Venezuela address (Falkland Islands...) at [27] Blue Ventures, 39 – 41 North Road, London N7 9DP, UK. affiliation 11 applies only to Jorge E. Ramos. I wanted to mention this [28] Pacific Scientific Research Fisheries Center, Vladivostok, Russia just in case. [29] National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Govt. of India, Koodal Building, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, INDIA. Comentario [3]: Yes, for now I have created a separate number [30] Pacific Scientific Research Fisheries Center, Vladivostok, Russia for each author. Once the author [31] list and order is finalized, we will [32] National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan correct for duplicates. [33] Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, Kerala, India Con formato: Fuente: [34] Excellence Centre for Biodiversity of Peninsular Thailand (CBIPT), Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla (Predeterminado) Arial, Español University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand (alfab. internacional) [35] Fisheries Research Institute, Aomori Prefectural Industrial Technology Research Center, Aomori, Japan [36] Chumporn Marine Fisheries Research and Development Center, Department of Fisheries 408 Paknam, Amphoe Mueng, Changwat Chumporn 86120, Thailand [37] Tohoku University Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Sendai, Japan [38] Blue Ventures, 39 – 41 North Road, London N7 9DP, UK. [39] Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Kochi - 682 018,Kerala,India. [40] Fisheries Research Centre, Ehime Research Institute of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Matsuyama, Ehime, Shikoku, Japan [41] National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Govt. of India, Koodal Building, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, INDIA. [42] Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Kochi - 682 018,Kerala,India. [43] Institute of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Hyogo, Sanda, Japan [44] Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China [45] Upper Gulf Marine Fisheries Research and Development Center, Department of Fisheries, 49 Bang Pheung, Amphoe Phra Pradaeng, Changwat Samut Prakan 10130, Thailand 2 1. INTRODUCTION Although there are 845 living species of cephalopod described to date (Hoving et al., 2015), including nautiloids, sepioids, squids and octopods, only the latter elicit a vast amount of interest and awe from the general public. Octopuses are often seen as mystical creatures, capable of escapes from captivity that Houdini could only dream of (Wood and Anderson, 2004) and, to some, able to predict the winner of some matches in the FIFA World Cup football competition (as mentioned, for example, by Gleadall et al., 2018). About 300 cephalopod species belong to the eight-armed cephalopods comprising the orders Cirroctopoda and Octopoda (Boletzky, 1999; Nixon and Young, 2003). The Cirroctopoda (which are not part of the octopus fishery) have fins on the body and pairs of slender cirri along the arms. Octopuses of the Order Octopoda lack these features and consist of seven families of pelagic octopuses in addition to the common benthic octopuses, which are a group of around 200 described species comprising the Family Octopodidae (Jereb et al., 2013). Almost all octopuses fished around the world belong to this family. Exceptions are the giant octopuses of genus Enteroctopus (Family Enteroctopodidae); and octopuses with a single column of suckers along each arm, comprising the genus Eledone (Family Eledonidae sensu Strugnell et al., 2014). Adult benthic octopuses (Octopodidae, Eledonidae and Enteroctopodidae), the subject of this review, are muscular animals with one or two columns of suckers along their four pairs of arms. In mature males, one arm (called the hectocotylus) of the third arm pair is modified for transferring spermatophores to the female. Subadult and adult benthic octopuses live and feed on or near the seabed and possess ecological and behavioural features that are quite similar to benthic fishes (ref.? ). For locomotion, octopuses walk using all or some of their arms in contact with the substrate. Like many other cephalopods, they swim using jet propulsion, by contracting their muscular mantle to force water in the mantle cavity out through a tubular funnel. Octopuses have a well-developed brain and nervous system which regulate sophisticated behaviour and learning, and control elaborate, dynamic skin patterns (Hanlon and Messenger, 1996; How et al., 2017). The internal shell is reduced to a pair of small rod-like stylets. These stylets have been used to estimate age by counting their daily growth increments, a technique that has been validated for some coastal species (Doubleday et al., 2006; Hermosilla et al., 2010; Rodríguez-Domínguez et al., 2013). Growth increments in beaks also have been used to estimate age in octopuses (Perales-Raya et al., 2014; Villegas-Bárcenas et al., 2014). The life span of shallow-water octopuses from tropical and subtropical areas