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Addis Ababa University School of Graduate Studies ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES ETHIOPIA’S 2006 MILITARY INTERVENTION IN SOMALIA: CRITICAL APPRAISAL BY WOLDYIE TIGNEH BEGASHAW ADDIS ABABA JANUARY, 2016 1 ETHIOPIA’S 2006 MILITARY INTERVENTION IN SOMALIA: CRITICAL APPRAISAL BY WOLDYIE TIGNEH BEGASHAW A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES OF THE ADDIS ABABAUNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ADVISOR DR. ZAFAR ALAM ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ADDIS ABABA JANUARY, 2016 2 ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ETHIOPIA’S 2006 MILITARY INTERVENTION IN SOMALIA: CRITICAL APPRASIAL BY WOLDYIE TIGNEH BEGASHAW APPROVED BY BOARD OF EXAMINERS ________________ ___________ ADVISOR SIGNATURE _________________ ___________ INTERNAL EXAMINER SIGNATURE ___________________ ___________ EXTERNAL EXAMINER SIGNATURE i Acknowledgement I praise Almighty God for giving me the courage and resilience to complete this work. The contribution of many people was enormous for the accomplishment of this paper and thus deserve acknowledgement. I would like to thank my advisor Dr. Zafar Alam for his cooperation. I would also like to extend my deepest gratitude to all those, especially to my mother Aberash Abebe ,my beloved brother Ayele Tigneh who assisted me with unreserved effort since the death of my father at early child hood and my uncle Wogderes Begashaw who assisted and treated me as my father. I also owe a debt of gratitude to all institutions and individuals directly or indirectly contributed to accomplishment of my thesis. I thank you all! i Table of Contents Pages Acknowledgment .......................................................................................................................................... i Table of contents……………………………………………………………………………………………ii List of figures ………………………………………………………………………………………………v Acronyms …………………………………………………………………………………………………..vi Abstract ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. viii CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................................................... 1 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 .Background of the study ................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 .Statement of the problem ....................................................................................................................... 3 1.3. Objectives of the study ........................................................................................................................... 5 1.4. Research Questions .............................................................................................................................. 5 1.5. Methodology and Methods of data Collection ....................................................................................... 6 1.5.1. Methodology ................................................................................................................................... 6 1.5.2. Methods of data collection .............................................................................................................. 6 1.6. Scope of the Study ................................................................................................................................. 7 1.7. Significance of the Study ................................................................................................................... 7 1.8. Limitation of the Study .......................................................................................................................... 7 1.9 .Ethical consideration .............................................................................................................................. 7 1.10. Organization of paper .......................................................................................................................... 8 CHATER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAME WORK ............................... 9 2.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 9 2.1.1. Military intervention ................................................................................................................... 9 2.1.1.2. Concepts of military intervention ............................................................................................ 9 2.2. Types of intervention ........................................................................................................................... 14 2.2.1 Permissive intervention .................................................................................................................. 14 2.2.1.1 Self-defense ............................................................................................................................. 14 2.2.1.2 Protection and Rescue of Nationals ........................................................................................ 15 2.2.1.3 Response to Terrorism, Drugs and Weapons of Mass Destruction ......................................... 16 2.2.2. Hostile Interventions: Oppositional and Rival .............................................................................. 16 2.3 Conceptual and Theoretical framework ................................................................................................ 18 2.3.1. Conceptual framework .............................................................................................................. 18 ii 2.4. Realism ................................................................................................................................................ 19 2.5. Liberalism/Idealism ............................................................................................................................. 22 2.6. Regional Security Complex Theory ..................................................................................................... 23 2.7. Regional order approach Theory .......................................................................................................... 25 CHAPTER THREE: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SOMALIA .................................................... 27 3.1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 27 3.2. Background and Historical Review of Somalia ............................................................................... 27 3.3. Colonial History ................................................................................................................................... 28 3.4. Independent Somalia ............................................................................................................................ 29 3.4.1. Civilian Government (1960-1969) ................................................................................................ 29 3.4. 2 .The Regime of Ziad Barre ............................................................................................................... 29 3.4.3. Post 1991 Somalia ............................................................................................................................. 31 3.5. Extremism in Somalia .......................................................................................................................... 32 3.5.1 Al-Shabab ...................................................................................................................................... 32 3.5.1.2 Strategic objectives ............................................................................................................... 33 3.5.1.3. Ideology ................................................................................................................................. 34 3.5.1.4. Inspirations ............................................................................................................................. 34 3.5.2. Al -Qaeda ...................................................................................................................................... 35 3.5.3 .Union of Islamic Court (UIC) ........................................................................................................... 36 CHAPTER FOUR: ETHIOPIA‘S 2006 MILITARY INTERVENTION IN SOMALIA. ......................... 38 4.1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 38 4.2. Legal Implications ........................................................................................................................... 38 4.2. Self- Defence ....................................................................................................................................... 42 4.2.1 The Norm of Self-Defence ............................................................................................................. 42 4.2.2 .Self Defense and Article 51 of UN ..................................................................................................
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