Sequencing of the Complete Mitochondrial
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Crows and Ravens Wildlife Notes
12. Crows & Ravens Crows and ravens belong to the large family Corvidae, along with more than 200 other species including jays, nutcrackers and magpies. These less-than-melodious birds, you may be surprised to learn, are classified as songbirds. raven American Crow insects, grain, fruit, the eggs and young of other birds, Crows are some of the most conspicuous and best known organic garbage and just about anything that they can find of all birds. They are intelligent, wary and adapt well to or overpower. Crows also feed on the carcasses of winter – human activity. As with most other wildlife species, crows and road-killed animals. are considered to have “good” points and “bad” ones— value judgements made strictly by humans. They are found Crows have extremely keen senses of sight and hearing. in all 50 states and parts of Canada and Mexico. They are wary and usually post sentries while they feed. Sentry birds watch for danger, ready to alert the feeding birds with a sharp alarm caw. Once aloft, crows fly at 25 Biology to 30 mph. If a strong tail wind is present, they can hit 60 Also known as the common crow, an adult American mph. These skillful fliers have a large repertoire of moves crow weighs about 20 ounces. Its body length is 15 to 18 designed to throw off airborne predators. inches and its wings span up to three feet. Both males Crows are relatively gregarious. Throughout most of the and females are black from their beaks to the tips of their year, they flock in groups ranging from family units to tails. -
Chihuahuan Raven)
REGION 2 SENSITIVE SPECIES EVALUATION FORM Species: (Corvus cryptoleucus/Chihuahuan Raven) Criteria Rank Rationale Literature Citations • Andrews & Righter 1 A High. The Chihuahuan Raven is limited in breeding distribution to the great plains of southeastern Colorado • Kingery Distribution and extreme southwestern Kansas. • Busby & Zimmerman within R2 • Ehrlich et al. 2 C High. This species breeds from southeastern Colorado, south through western Texas, southern Arizona • National Geographic Society Distribution and New Mexico to southern Mexico. outside R2 • Andrews & Righter 3 C High. Population expansions and contractions have been documented over the past 150 years. This • Busby & Zimmerman Dispersal species is relatively mobile. They tend to move in roving flocks after the nesting season. • Kingery Capability • Andrews & Righter 4 A High. Small, relatively isolated populations are confined primarily to southeastern Colorado and • Carter et al. Abundance in southwestern Kansas. In southwestern Kansas only 12 known nest sites have been located and several of • Busby & Zimmerman R2 those are on or near the Cimarron National Grasslands. A significant percentage of the population in Colorado occurs on the Comanche National Grasslands. • Carter et al. 5 A Low. The breeding bird survey shows nearly an eight percent decline from 1966 to 1999. However the • Kingery Population amount of data is seriously lacking to provide accurate projections. One report observed a decline of 10 • Breeding Bird Survey Trend in R2 active nests in a colony to only one active nest in Colorado from 1990 to 1995. The Partners In Flight analysis shows a moderate decline for this species in R2. • Carter et al. 6 C High. -
Landbird Monitoring Protocol and Standard Operating
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Landbird Monitoring Protocol and Standard Operating Procedures for the Chihuahuan Desert, Northern Great Plains, Sonoran Desert, and Southern Plains Networks Version 1.00 Natural Resource Report NPS/SOPN/NRR—2013/729 ON THE COVER Upper left: Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)1, one of the most common species for SOPN. Upper right: Black-throated Sparrow (Amphispiza bilineata)2, one of the most common species for CHDN. Lower left: Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum)3, one of the most common species for NGPN. Lower right: Gila Woodpecker (Melanerpes uropygialis)2, one of the most common species for SODN. 1Photo © John and Karen Hollingsworth 2Photo © Robert Shantz 3Photographer Dan Licht - NPS. Landbird Monitoring Protocol and Standard Operating Procedures for the Chihuahuan Desert, Northern Great Plains, Sonoran Desert, and Southern Plains Networks Version 1.00 Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/SOPN/NRTR—2013/729 Authors (listed alphabetically) 4National Park Service Kristen Beaupré1 Chihuahuan Desert Network Robert E. Bennetts2 New Mexico State University Jennifer A. Blakesley3 3655 Research Dr., Genesis Building D Kirsten Gallo4 Las Cruces, NM 88003 David Hanni3 Andy Hubbard1 5USGS Southwest Biological Science Center Ross Lock3 Sonoran Desert Research Station Brian F. Powell5 School of Natural Resources Heidi Sosinski2 University of Arizona Patricia Valentine-Darby6 Tucson, Arizona 85721 Chris White3 Marcia Wilson7 6University of West Florida Department of Biology 11000 University Parkway 1National Park Service Pensacola, Florida 32514 Sonoran Desert Network 7660 E. Broadway Blvd., Suite #303 7National Park Service Tucson, Arizona 85710 Northern Great Plains Network 231 East St. -
Alalā Or Hawaiian Crow (Corvus Hawaiiensis) 5-Year
`Alalā or Hawaiian Crow (Corvus hawaiiensis) 5-Year Review Summary and Evaluation U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office Honolulu, Hawai`i 5-YEAR REVIEW Species reviewed: `Alalā or Hawaiian Crow (Corvus hawaiiensis) TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 GENERAL INFORMATION .......................................................................................... 1 1.1 Reviewers ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Methodology used to complete the review: ................................................................. 1 1.3 Background ................................................................................................................... 1 2.0 REVIEW ANALYSIS ....................................................................................................... 2 2.1 Application of the 1996 Distinct Population Segment (DPS) policy ......................... 2 2.2 Recovery Criteria .......................................................................................................... 3 2.3 Updated Information and Current Species Status .................................................... 4 2.4 Synthesis......................................................................................................................... 9 3.0 RESULTS .......................................................................................................................... 9 3.1 Recommended Classification ...................................................................................... -
Bird Damage to Pistachios
The extent of damage to pistachios by some birds that knock nuts to the ground, where they hull, shell, and eat them, can be measured. Losses to birds that pluck nuts from the tree and fly off to eat them else- where can only be estimated. counties to the south. District I1 (Central) is Merced, Madera, Fresno, and Kings Bird damage to nistachios counties. District I11 (Northern) is Monte- rey, San Benito, Inyo, and all counties to the north of Merced County. Terrell P. Salmon 0 A. Charles Crabb 0 RexE.Marsh Scope of the problem We received 105 responses (23 percent) from the 458 surveys mailed. Thirteen (12.7 percent) were excluded from analy- Crows are the primary culprits sis, because the orchards represented followed by ravens and jays were not in production, were outside Cali- fornia, or were managed by another per- son. The remaining 92 indicated they had pistachio losses due to one or more bird species. Bird damage was widespread through- out the state, as indicated by surveys re- turned from 18 counties. These 18 coun- ties represent 98 percent of the bearing pistachio acreage in California. The infor- mation we report here is based on the sur- vey returns and does not account for bird Various bird species are pests to a step in defining the problem and evaluat- damage and control that undoubtedly oc- number of California crops. Nut crops ing current bird control methods. cur but were not reported. Our estimates such as pistachios, almonds, and walnuts The major focus of the survey was to should therefore be considered conserva- are particularly hard hit, although infor- identify the bird species involved, the ex- tive. -
A Fossil Scrub-Jay Supports a Recent Systematic Decision
THE CONDOR A JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY Volume 98 Number 4 November 1996 .L The Condor 98~575-680 * +A. 0 The Cooper Omithological Society 1996 g ’ b.1 ;,. ’ ’ “I\), / *rs‘ A FOSSIL SCRUB-JAY SUPPORTS A”kECENT ’ js.< SYSTEMATIC DECISION’ . :. ” , ., f .. STEVEN D. EMSLIE : +, “, ., ! ’ Department of Sciences,Western State College,Gunnison, CO 81231, ._ e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Nine fossil premaxillae and mandibles of the Florida Scrub-Jay(Aphelocoma coerulescens)are reported from a late Pliocene sinkhole deposit at Inglis 1A, Citrus County, Florida. Vertebrate biochronologyplaces the site within the latestPliocene (2.0 to 1.6 million yearsago, Ma) and more specificallyat 2.0 l-l .87 Ma. The fossilsare similar in morphology to living Florida Scrub-Jaysin showing a relatively shorter and broader bill compared to western species,a presumed derived characterfor the Florida species.The recent elevation of the Florida Scrub-Jayto speciesrank is supported by these fossils by documenting the antiquity of the speciesand its distinct bill morphology in Florida. Key words: Florida; Scrub-Jay;fossil; late Pliocene. INTRODUCTION represent the earliest fossil occurrenceof the ge- nus Aphelocomaand provide additional support Recently, the Florida Scrub-Jay (Aphelocoma for the recognition ofA. coerulescensas a distinct, coerulescens) has been elevated to speciesrank endemic specieswith a long fossil history in Flor- with the Island Scrub-Jay(A. insularis) from Santa ida. This record also supports the hypothesis of Cruz Island, California, and the Western Scrub- Pitelka (195 1) that living speciesof Aphefocoma Jay (A. californica) in the western U. S. and Mex- arose in the Pliocene. ico (AOU 1995). -
Ravens in Colorado: an Impossible Field Identification?
IN THE SCOPE Ravens in Colorado: An Impossible Field Identification? Tony Leukering Colorado hosts two species of ravens, the holarctic Common Raven (Corvus corax), grist for many an authorial mill (includ- ing that of Poe), and the limited-range Chihuahuan Raven (Cor- vus cryptoleucus), which has probably seen little, if any, poetry or prose written about it. Common Raven is represented in Colorado by the subspecies sinuatus. Its range is largely restricted to West Slope and montane habitats in Colorado, including on the Mesa de Maya, which extends from Las Animas County into Baca, Bent and Otero counties. Common Ravens are also regularly seen on the northwest plains adjacent to the foothills, typically west of I-25 though with some exceptions [especially westernmost Arapahoe County and the vicinity of Rocky Mountain Arsenal N. W. R. in Adams County (eBird 2015)] and on the plains in the Arkansas River drainage. The Chihuahuan Raven’s range is something of an enigma. Henshaw (1875) reported the species as widespread on the Colorado plains during the period of American Bison slaugh- ter (mid- to late 1800s), but its range contracted greatly following the near extinction of wild bison in the United States, possibly returning to pre-slaughter range (Aiken and Warren 1914). The first Colorado Breeding Bird Atlas presented the breeding range of Chihuahuan Raven as restricted to 11 southeastern counties: south from southern Pueblo County east to southern Prowers County, with scattered records north through Crowley and Kiowa counties and single records from the southern borders of El Paso and Chey- enne counties (Nelson 1998). -
Florida Scrub-Jay Forages on Back of White-Tailed Deer’
422 SHORT COMMUNICATIONS SCHLEIDT,W. M. 1973. Tonic communication: con- STRAUCH,J. G. 1978. The phylogeny of the Char- tinual effects of discrete signsin animal commu- adriiformes (Aves): a new estimateusing the meth- nication systems.J. theor. Biol. 42:359-386. od of charactercompatibility analysis.Trans. Zool. SIBLEY, C. G., ANDJ. E. AHLQUIST. 1990. Phylogeny Sot. Lond. 34:263-345. and classificationof birds. A study in molecular VEP~UNTSEV,B. N. 1982. Birds of the Soviet Union: evolution. Yale Univ. Press. New Haven. CT. a soundguide. Three long-playingdiscs. Melodiya, STEPANYAN, L. S. 1970. (Non-morphological criteria All-Union Studio for Recorded Sound. Moscow. and their utilization for classification[Burhinidae (Narration in Russian) (Aves) taken as an example]). Z. obshch. biol. 3 1: WILEY, R. H., AND D. G. RICHARDS. 1982. Adapta- 29 l-301. (In Russian) tions for acousticcommunication in birds: sound STEPANYAN,L. S. 1979. (Possible relations of Zbi- transmissionand signaldetection, p. 13l-l 8 1. In dorhynchastruthersii and notes on the history of D. E. Kroodsma and E. H. Miller [eds.], Acoustic the family Haematopodidae). Zool. Zh. 58:167 l- communication in birds, Vol. 1. Academic Press. 1679. (In Russian) NY. The Condor98:422-423 0 The CooperOrnithological Society 1996 FLORIDA SCRUB-JAY FORAGES ON BACK OF WHITE-TAILED DEER’ JOHNW. F~~~PA~~IcK~AND GLENE. WOOLFENDEN ArchboldBiological Station, P.O. Box 2057, Lake Placid, FL 33862-2057 Key words: Foraging; mammals; cleaningstation; is based on careful study of his video, a copy of which symbioses;tameness; Florida Scrub-Jay;Aphelocoma is depositedin the archivesat Archbold Biological Sta- coerulescens. -
Corvids of Cañada
!!! ! CORVIDS OF CAÑADA COMMON RAVEN (Corvus corax) AMERICAN CROW (Corvus brachyrhyncos) YELLOW-BILLED MAGPIE (Pica nuttalli) STELLER’S JAY (Cyanocitta stelleri) WESTERN SCRUB-JAY Aphelocoma californica) Five of the ten California birds in the Family Corvidae are represented here at the Cañada de los Osos Ecological Reserve. Page 1 The Common Raven is the largest and can be found in the cold of the Arctic and the extreme heat of Death Valley. It has shown itself to be one of the most intelligent of all birds. It is a supreme predator and scavenger, quite sociable at certain times of the year and a devoted partner and parent with its mate. The American Crow is black, like the Raven, but noticeably smaller. Particularly in the fall, it may occur in huge foraging or roosting flocks. Crows can be a problem for farmers at times of the year and a best friend at other times, when crops are under attack from insects or when those insects are hiding in dried up leftovers such as mummified almonds. Crows know where those destructive navel orange worms are. Smaller birds do their best to harass crows because they recognize the threat they are to their eggs and young. Crows, ravens and magpies are important members of the highway clean-up crew when it comes to roadkills. The very attractive Yellow-billed Magpie tends to nest in loose colonies and forms larger flocks in late summer or fall. In the central valley of California, they can be a problem in almond and fruit orchards, but they also are adept at catching harmful insect pests. -
Collation of Brisson's Genera of Birds with Those of Linnaeus
59. 82:01 Article XXVII. COLLATION OF BRISSON'S GENERA OF BIRDS WITH THOSE OF LINNAEUS. BY J. A. ALLEN. CONTENTS. Page. Introduction ....................... 317 Brisson not greatly indebted to Linnaeus. 319 Linneus's indebtedness to Brisson .... .. ... .. 320 Brisson's methods and resources . .. 320 Brisson's genera . 322 Brisson and Linnaeus statistically compared .. .. .. 324 Brisson's 'Ornithologia' compared with the Aves of the tenth edition of Lin- naeus's 'Systema'. 325 Brisson's new genera and their Linnwan equivalents . 327 Brisson's new names for Linnaan genera . 330 Linnaean (1764 and 1766) new names for Brissonian genera . 330 Brissonian names adopted. by Linnaeus . 330 Brissonian names wrongly ascribed to other authors in Sharpe's 'Handlist of Birds'.330 The relation of six Brissonian genera to Linnlean genera . 332 Mergus Linn. and Merganser Briss. 332 Meleagris Linn. and Gallopavo Briss. 332 Alcedo Linn. and Ispida Briss... .. 332 Cotinga Briss. and Ampelis Linn. .. 333 Coracias Linn. and Galgulus Briss.. 333 Tangara Briss. and Tanagra Linn... ... 334 INTRODUCTION. In considering recently certain questions of ornithological nomenclature it became necessary to examine the works of Brisson and Linnaeus in con- siderable detail and this-examination finally led to a careful collation of Brisson's 'Ornithologia,' published in 1760, with the sixth, tenth, and twelfth editions of Linnaeus's 'Systema Naturae,' published respectively in 1748, 1758, and 1766. As every systematic ornithologist has had occasion to learn, Linnaeus's treatment of the class Aves was based on very imperfect knowledge of the suabject. As is well-known, this great systematist was primarily a botanist, secondarily a zoologist, and only incidentally a mammalogist and ornithol- ogist. -
Federal Register/Vol. 85, No. 74/Thursday, April 16, 2020/Rules
21282 Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 74 / Thursday, April 16, 2020 / Rules and Regulations DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR United States and the Government of United States or U.S. territories as a Canada Amending the 1916 Convention result of recent taxonomic changes; Fish and Wildlife Service between the United Kingdom and the (8) Change the common (English) United States of America for the names of 43 species to conform to 50 CFR Part 10 Protection of Migratory Birds, Sen. accepted use; and (9) Change the scientific names of 135 [Docket No. FWS–HQ–MB–2018–0047; Treaty Doc. 104–28 (December 14, FXMB 12320900000//201//FF09M29000] 1995); species to conform to accepted use. (2) Mexico: Convention between the The List of Migratory Birds (50 CFR RIN 1018–BC67 United States and Mexico for the 10.13) was last revised on November 1, Protection of Migratory Birds and Game 2013 (78 FR 65844). The amendments in General Provisions; Revised List of this rule were necessitated by nine Migratory Birds Mammals, February 7, 1936, 50 Stat. 1311 (T.S. No. 912), as amended by published supplements to the 7th (1998) AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Protocol with Mexico amending edition of the American Ornithologists’ Interior. Convention for Protection of Migratory Union (AOU, now recognized as the American Ornithological Society (AOS)) ACTION: Final rule. Birds and Game Mammals, Sen. Treaty Doc. 105–26 (May 5, 1997); Check-list of North American Birds (AOU 2011, AOU 2012, AOU 2013, SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and (3) Japan: Convention between the AOU 2014, AOU 2015, AOU 2016, AOS Wildlife Service (Service), revise the Government of the United States of 2017, AOS 2018, and AOS 2019) and List of Migratory Birds protected by the America and the Government of Japan the 2017 publication of the Clements Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) by for the Protection of Migratory Birds and Checklist of Birds of the World both adding and removing species. -
Appendix, French Names, Supplement
685 APPENDIX Part 1. Speciesreported from the A.O.U. Check-list area with insufficient evidencefor placementon the main list. Specieson this list havebeen reported (published) as occurring in the geographicarea coveredby this Check-list.However, their occurrenceis considered hypotheticalfor one of more of the following reasons: 1. Physicalevidence for their presence(e.g., specimen,photograph, video-tape, audio- recording)is lacking,of disputedorigin, or unknown.See the Prefacefor furtherdiscussion. 2. The naturaloccurrence (unrestrained by humans)of the speciesis disputed. 3. An introducedpopulation has failed to becomeestablished. 4. Inclusionin previouseditions of the Check-listwas basedexclusively on recordsfrom Greenland, which is now outside the A.O.U. Check-list area. Phoebastria irrorata (Salvin). Waved Albatross. Diornedeairrorata Salvin, 1883, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 430. (Callao Bay, Peru.) This speciesbreeds on Hood Island in the Galapagosand on Isla de la Plata off Ecuador, and rangesat seaalong the coastsof Ecuadorand Peru. A specimenwas takenjust outside the North American area at Octavia Rocks, Colombia, near the Panama-Colombiaboundary (8 March 1941, R. C. Murphy). There are sight reportsfrom Panama,west of Pitias Bay, Dari6n, 26 February1941 (Ridgely 1976), and southwestof the Pearl Islands,27 September 1964. Also known as GalapagosAlbatross. ThalassarchechrysosWma (Forster). Gray-headed Albatross. Diornedeachrysostorna J. R. Forster,1785, M6m. Math. Phys. Acad. Sci. Paris 10: 571, pl. 14. (voisinagedu cerclepolaire antarctique & dansl'Ocean Pacifique= Isla de los Estados[= StatenIsland], off Tierra del Fuego.) This speciesbreeds on islandsoff CapeHorn, in the SouthAtlantic, in the southernIndian Ocean,and off New Zealand.Reports from Oregon(mouth of the ColumbiaRiver), California (coastnear Golden Gate), and Panama(Bay of Chiriqu0 are unsatisfactory(see A.O.U.