Once Upon an Ecological Dream Anthropomorphism and the Phenomenon of ‘human interference’ with Nature/nature in the Disney films Bambi (1942), The Jungle Book (1967), The Fox and the Hound (1981), Tarzan (1999), Finding Nemo (2003) and Brother Bear (2003) Reena Leek Supervisor: Dr. C. Lord 10195904 Second reader: Dr. F.A.M. Laeven
[email protected] Media Studies: Film Studies Word Count: 23549 University of Amsterdam Date: 24 June 2016 ABSTRACT The Walt Disney Company has a substantial influence on multiple generations, which could be utilized for a good cause. Therefore I will discover that animated Disney features that portray slightly anthropomorphic animals in their natural habitat can be read as ecological films. Most Disney films carry environmental messages as anti- hunting or anti-domestication when the films are analysed through ecological theories combined with a new media theory and concepts considering spectator engagement. Bambi and Finding Nemo are films that contain a sense of immediacy and therefore their respectively anti-hunting and anti-domestication messages are apparent. This immediacy misses in The Jungle Book, however through a sense of place this can still be seen as an ecological film, with a minor message of preservation. Tarzan bears an anti-hunting message through the anthropological machine and the immediacy of the film. This same anti-hunting message is perceived in The Fox and the Hound, although less apparent due to the lack of immediacy. The last film is Brother Bear although there is a self-reflexive element in this film, the anti-hunting message is not perceived due to the lack of Nature as an ideal.