Regional Cooperation/ Integration: Comparing NorthEast Asia and SouthEast Asia

International Political Economy Presentation Sorrel Magenta Linsley, LI Xiaoyu, Kohei Nakajima, Reo Takano, Chang Ta-Chien Introduction: What is Regional Cooperation?

Definition: Regional Cooperation refers to the political and institutional mechanisms that countries in a general geographical region devise to find and strengthen common interests as well as promoting their national interests, through mutual cooperation and dialogue.

Key Words: Regionalism, Trade, Free Trade Agreements, ASEAN

Countries in Southeast Asia: Burma, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, Philippines, East Timor

Countries in Northeast Asia: China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong Levels of commitment required by Regionalism

・Preferential trade agreements

・Free-trade area

・Custom union

・Common market

・Economic union Why is it needed? / Why does it happen?

・Liberalization of movement and communication

・Contribution to the development of academics; Science

・Security with collective defense

・Maintenance of infrastructure and social system

・Economic development NorthEast Asia

Compare with SouthEast Asia, NorthEast Asia does not have a clearly bonded Union to support economic growth.

Possible Reasons can be:

1. Territorial dispute, national conflict a. Taiwan and China b. North Korea and South Korea 2. Self economic development a. national brand power b. labor force Taiwan Strait & Senkaku Island silk road and one belt one road ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations)

・Established in 1967 in Bangkok by five founding nations: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand with Bangkok Declaration. (now 10 member states including Brunei, Viet Nam, Lao PDR, Myanmar, and Cambodia)

・Aims and Purposes: Cooperation in the economic, social, cultural, technical, educational and other fields. Promotion of regional peace and stability.

1M170465-7 Reo Takano ASEAN's features ・Inclusiveness Diversity of member nations (Political/Economical/Social aspects)

・"ASEAN Way" State sovereignty and the principle of non-interference Consensus in making decisions Mutual understanding through dialogue and consultation

・ASEAN Motto = "One Vision, One Identity, One Community" ASEAN Structure and institutionalization

・ASEAN Summit (and Coordinating Council) 1976 1st Summit at Bali 1995- Take place annually

・The ASEAN Community: Political - Security/ Economic/ Socio - Cultural Community 1997 Adoption of the "ASEAN Vision 2020" (and Asian currency crisis) 2003 Decision to establ communities (at Bali Summit) 2008 Enactment of the ASEAN Charter 2015 AEC was established Relationship with Northeast Asia

・ASEAN + 3 (APT) ASEAN + China, Japan, and South Korea Triggered by the Asian currency crisis in 1997 Broadened and deepened cooperation (Political- Security, Economic and Finance, Environment and Development, Technology, etc.)

・East Asian Summit (EAS) APT members + Australia, New Zealand, India, the United States, and Russia Future prospect for establishment of East Asian Community Boao Forum for Asia (BFA)

LI, Xiaoyu 1m141087 What is BFA?

● a non-governmental and non-profit organization

● Leaders from government, business and academia

● Asia and other continents

● Modelled on World Economic Forum

● Formally inaugurated in 2001

● Annual conference since 2002

● Pressing issues in this dynamic region and the world large

Goals

● Promote asian cooperation

● Build asian consensus

● Make asian voice heard References

MacIntyre, Andrew; T. J. Pempel and John Ravenhill (eds.) (2008) Crisis as Catalyst: Asia’s Dynamic Political Economy, NY: Cornell University Press.

Pempel, T. J. (eds.) (2005) Remapping East Asia: The Construction of a Region, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. Ravenhill, John (2010) ‘The “New East Asian Regionalism”: A Political Domino Effect’, Review of International Political Review, 17(2): 178-208.

Solis, Mireya; Barbara Stallings and Saori N. Katada (eds.) (2009) Competitive Regionalism: FTA Diffusion in the Pacific Rim, Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan.

Yoshimatsu, Hidetaka (2014) Comparing Institution-Building in East Asia: Power Politics, Governance, and Critical Junctures, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Asean Website: http://asean.org/

BFA Website: http://english.boaoforum.org/

Amako, S., Matsuoka, S., & Horiuchi, K. (2013). Regional Integration in East Asia Theoretical and Historical Perspective. Japan: United Nations University Press.