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扇子 H FAN H WAAIER H EVENTAIL H ABANICO H FÄCHER

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扇子 H FAN H WAAIER H EVENTAIL H ABANICO H FÄCHER 扇子 h FAN h WAAIER h EVENTAIL h ABANICO h FÄCHER From interview with Cynthia Fendel There was no better way for a woman to show her (author of Novelty Hand Fans, Fashionable Function- taste in fine art than to carry a fan painted and al Fun Accessories of the Past): signed by a prominent artist. Another style and recent favorite are large 1890’s keywords: messages, social status paper folding fans decorated with crisscrossed cord on their outside (guard) sticks. When partially Nineteenth-century women used their fans as a folded, the illustration printed across the paper fan means of communication with their admirers. A set leaf (the folded part) takes on a humorous picture, code was developed and phrase books were published different than when the fan is fully opened. to translate a lady’s gestures. keywords: folding fans, paper, visual play keywords: communication tool, fan language On abanicos: The changes in society during the 1900s reflected the And, just as flowers and colors carried their own spe- changes in the way hand fans were made and used. cial messages, abanicos became not just a useful tool Fans began to don to relieve the heat, but a means of communication. advertisements instead of art. (...) keywords: communication tool, fan language, advertising By the 19th century, the art and language of the abanico had developed into a complex code, used es- From internet: pecially between lovers. Colonial coquettes, normally Fans had a dual purpose. It was a status symbol as chaperoned during all social outings, found that they well as an ornament. literally held in their hands an elaborate and sensual keywords: symbolism, ornament way to discreetly encourage or dissuade suitors, sig- nal their emotions, or set up clandestine meetings. Fans have been made from myriad materials on keywords: communication tool, fan language, messages which man found enough scope to decorate and ex- press his art and craft. In essence, this intriguing language gave ladies the keywords: material, creative expression means to bypass social etiquette and take the initia- tive in their relationships. Chinese culture links the fan with mythology, legend keywords: fan language, interaction, emancipation and history. Screen fans were used in China. The earliest fans in British Prime Minister Disraeli likened them to China are made from bamboo and dates back to the swords and swore they often did more damage—while 2nd century BC. The the class conscious could tell at a glance a woman’s Chinese pictorial word depiction of a fan shows status by the fan she carried and by the way she feathers under a roof. The word pien-mien means to ‘agitate air’. Here too fans and social standing were wielded it. keywords: communication tool, fan language, messages linked together. Each class and gender had special social status, weapon fans. keywords: China, screen fans, chronology, social status On handfans: The earliest evidence of fans can be found in pictorial The Chinese variety consists of a row of feathers records from approximately 3,000bc in China. fixed on a handle. It came into vogue during the Ming keywords: China, chronology dynasty. The centre of production of folding fans was Hangzhou. The Chinese dancing fan is the Mai Ogi. It The Japanese are credited with making the first fold- has ten sticks mounted on thick paper depicting the ing hand fan sometime during the 1600s. (...) family crest. The slats were made of various materi- Folding hand fans spread from the East via the als – bone, ivory, mother of pearl, mica, sandalwood trade routes of Portugal to the rest of Europe. Italian or tortoise shell. These were carved and then covered women were the first to carry fans as a fashion acces- with paper of some fabric. Fanning the fan became a sory. These fans were made from calfskin and leaves, highly sophisticated art courts and women were the cut into strips and woven together. By the 1700s, most adept at it. fashionable fans had spread to France and England keywords: China, folding fan, fanning and wealthy women were soon commissioning artists to design and paint their hand fans. This is probably Fans were also weapons. The iron fan of tie shan when the fan first became a symbol of the frailty of (Chinese) and tessen (Japanese. Simple Japanese women. fans are called harisens. In recent Japanese pop cul- keywords: folding fans, chronology, geography, symbolism ture these harisens are shown was weapons. keywords: China, weapon 扇子 h FAN h WAAIER h EVENTAIL h ABANICO h FÄCHER From internet “Men have the sword, women have the fan, Other then feather and silk fans, laborers used big and the fan is probably as effective a round fans made out of grass in the summer to help weapon.” to keep them cool. And in the society of aristocrats keywords: weapon and scholars, fans were made from fine paper mount- ed on bamboo. Aristocrats and scholars found it “We also want to bring fans to the attention of the interesting to paint their poetic and artistic expres- public as a modern-day alternative energy device,” sion on the surface. Those fans with a famous artist’s Sher said. “This is something from our past that was painting or calligraphy would be highly prized. easily used and pervasive in all societies, so why not keywords: China, materials, social status, bring it back?” creative expression keywords: cooling device, intercultural Fans of aristocrats and scholars became more as a From Alice in Wonderland: decorative tool and a symbol for them rather then After a time she heard a little pattering of feet in the purpose of keeping them cool. They would also the distance, and she hastily dried her eyes to see often wave their fans to show off their grace when what was coming. It was the White Rabbit returning, composing or thinking about poetry. When fan were splendidly dressed, with a pair of white kid gloves in not used, they were concealed inside the sleeves or one hand and a large fan in the other: he came trot- hung from the waist. ting along in a great hurry, muttering to himself as keywords: China, ornament, symbolism, social status, he came, ‘Oh! the Duchess, the Duchess! Oh! won’t she manner/gesture be savage if I’ve kept her waiting!’ Alice felt so des- perate that she was ready to ask help of any one; so, Hand fans today are rarely used for fashion purposes when the Rabbit came near her, she began, in a low, throughout China, but ladies still carry them in their timid voice, ‘If you please, sir--’ The Rabbit started handbag for cooling purposes in summer and also for violently, dropped the white kid gloves and the fan, performances of the traditional hand fan dance. and skurried away into the darkness as hard as he keywords: China, creative expression, cooling device, could go. manner/gesture Alice took up the fan and gloves, and, as the hall was very hot, she kept fanning herself all the time she From interview with Pamela Sher: went on talking: ‘Dear, dear! How queer everything is “I’m very interested in cultural history, and every- to-day! And yesterday things went on just as usual. thing you could want to know in regard to cultural I wonder if I’ve been changed in the night? Let me history appears in some form or another on a fan,” think: was I the same when I got up this morning? I (...) “It’s a very neat and concise little package. You almost think I can remember feeling a little different. open up one of these fans, and the world opens up.” But if I’m not the same, the next question is, Who in keywords: cultural history the world am I? Ah, that’s the great puzzle!’ (...) An 18th century English lady of the gentry class As she said this she looked down at her hands, and would have a whole collection of fans: fans to use in was surprised to see that she had put on one of the the morning, fans to use in the afternoon, fans to use Rabbit’s little white kid gloves while she was talk- at a gala, fans to use when they had a death in the ing. ‘How can I have done that?’ she thought. ‘I must family.” be growing small again.’ She got up and went to the keywords: symbolism, social status table to measure herself by it, and found that, as nearly as she could guess, she was now about two feet “This gives us an idea not only of the idealized coun- high, and was going on shrinking rapidly: she soon tryside but also of social interactions,”(...)These fans found out that the cause of this was the fan she was functioned as “an extension of the wrist and hand.” holding, and she dropped it hastily, just in time to “Women at this time had only some body parts ex- avoid shrinking away altogether. posed,”(...). “One of them, fairly erotic, could be the keywords: fanning, gender independent, wrist. To have a graceful wrist and a beautiful hand and lovely manicure -- the fan could be an extension of that and draw attention to it.” Le Merveilleux éventail vivant (1904) keywords: interaction, social status, manner/gesture film by Georges Méliès the agitated flutter, the languorous wave and the quick whack on the arm... keywords: manner/gesture 扇子 h FAN h WAAIER h EVENTAIL h ABANICO h FÄCHER From Fans from the East (1978) From www. www.fancircleinternational.org Fans are the microcosms of the fine and the applied Women’s hands however were no longer as free as arts, reflecting with peculiar fidelity the nuances of a they had been in the past.
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