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Korean Heritage K O R E A N HERITAGE KOREAN HERITAGE Fabulous VOL 41 SUMMER 2018 SUMMER 2018 Vol.41 Cultural Heritage Administration Cultural Centuries of Dedication to the Refinement of Craft Meet Daily Life ISSN 2005-0151 www.koreanheritage.kr Government Publications Registration Number : 11-1550000-000639-08 Hanok & Buchae ON THE COVERS Hanok refers to traditional Korean housing built purely with materials from nature—wood, stone, and earth. Celebrated for their architectural harmony with the natural environment, traditional Korean houses fully consider the climate and topograpy of the Korean Peninsula. All across the country there are hanok surviving from hundreds of years ago and others being carefully restored based on historical documentation. Traditional Korean houses sometimes feature soseul daemun, or “lofty gates,” which were reserved for buildings of high status. Rising above the flanking walls, a lofty gate with a raised roof reflected the authority of a building’s occupant. This explains its widespread adoption as a type of gate for royal palaces. The front cover displays Honggyeongmun, a gate in Gyeongbokgung Palace that was restored to its present appearance in 2005. The image on the back is from the installation artwork Reflection by Suh Do-ho. It was inspired by the lofty gate of his childhood home, which in turn was designed after Yeongyeongdang Hall in Changdeokgung Palace. Suh creates modern artworks drawing upon hanok, which represents to him both his Korean identity and worldview and a miniature microcosm that sheltered him during a critical period of his life. An image of the decorative motifs appearing along the edges of the name plaque for Injeongjeon Hall at Changdeokgung Palace Quarterly Magazine of the Cultural Heritage Administration KOREAN HERITAGE SUMMER 2018 Vol.41 ON THE COVERS Hanok refers to traditional Korean housing built purely with materials from nature—wood, stone, and earth. Celebrated for their architectural harmony with the natural environment, traditional Korean houses fully consider the climate and topograpy of the Korean Peninsula. All across the country there are hanok surviving from hundreds of years ago and others being carefully restored based on historical documentation. Traditional Korean houses sometimes feature soseul daemun, or “lofty gates,” which were reserved for buildings of high status. Rising above the flanking walls, a lofty gate with a raised roof reflected the authority of a building’s occupant. This explains its widespread adoption as a type of gate for royal palaces. The front cover displays Honggyeongmun, a gate in Gyeongbokgung Palace that was restored to its present appearance in 2005. The image on the back is from the installation artwork Reflection by Suh Do-ho. It was inspired by the lofty gate of his childhood home, which in turn was KOREAN HERITAGE is also available on the website designed after Yeongyeongdang Hall in Changdeokgung Palace. Suh creates modern artworks (www.koreanheritage.kr) and smart devices. You can also download drawing upon hanok, which represents to him both his Korean identity and worldview and a miniature its PDF version and subscribe to our newsletter to receive our latest microcosm that sheltered him during a critical period of his life. news on the website. FEATURED ISSUE Cultural Heritage Administration, 2018 Centuries of Dedication to the Refinement This publication is copyrighted. No part may be reproduced of Craft Meet Daily Life by any process without written permission. Fabulous Copyright © Cultural Heritage Administration FEATURED HERITAGE THROUGH PHOTOS TRADITIONAL KOREAN AESTHETICS · 04 Buchae: A Culinary Prescription Traditional Fans Stir the Air with Dignity for Fighting Summer Heat · 34 Koreans of the past created a wide range of fans for both practical and aesthetic purposes Koreans of the past endured the sweltering summer heat through a wise selection of hot and cold dishes A COMPARATIVE VIEW · 12 The Prodigal Man in Hallyangmu and Talchum Two forms of traditional dance address life in hierarchical Joseon society through choreographic movements HERITAGE ISSUES TODAY INTERVIEW · 18 · 42 Encounter of Tradition with Modernity The Past Comes Alive Hanok: Houses that Breathe Three complete tiles assembled from shards excavated from for a Thousand Years Sacheonwangsa Temple are put on public exhibition. Also, one of the definitive palace tour programs in Korea, the Moonlight Tour at Master Choi Ki-young and the installation artist Suh Do-ho discuss Changdeokgung, continues to offer a special nightly promenade of the attraction of traditional Korean housing this royal space in 2018 LOCAL HERITAGE GUIDE · 26 Coastal Rocks Sculpted by Waves CULTURAL HERITAGE ADMINISTRATION HEADLINES Presented here are three scenic sites renowned for beautiful rock formations carved by waves, winds, and sunlight Films by K-Heritage TV Awarded at Worldfest-Houston · 52 KOREAN Cultural Heritage Administration Date Of Publication June 5, 2018 · Published by Cultural Heritage Administration Republic of Korea · Publication Management Director of International Cooperation Division · Content Coordination Moon Sun- HERITAGE 189 Cheongsa-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea Tel 82-42-481-4737 Fax 82-42-481-4759 Contact [email protected] kyong, Park Ji-young · Translation Park Jung-eun · Copy Editing Bill Sharp · Coordination by CH121 Quarterly Magazine of the Cultural Heritage Administration Website www.koreanheritage.kr Printed by Sejin Publishing, Printing TRADITIONAL KOREAN AESTHETICS A fan featuring warped ribs, the rendering of which requires a high degree of dexterity Buchae: Traditional Fans Stir the Air Since time immemorial, people have employed a with Dignity range of devices to respond to seasonal changes. One Text & Photos by Geum Bok-hyun, Cheonggok Fan Museum example is fans, which were used to provide a cooling breeze in the sweltering summer heat. Originally, large, durable leaves were used to move the air, but the form evolved continuously with the adoption of new materials such as feathers, silk, and paper. In Korea, handheld fans signified the dignity and tastes of their users and formed an intrinsic component of a number of customs. Koreans of the past would beat out a rhythm with their fans as they recited poetry, and they took pleasure in exchanging them as gifts. Traditional fans were much more than simple cooling devices for Koreans. History of Traditional Fans The world’s oldest fans are those discovered in the tomb of the ancient Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun from the fourteenth century B.C. The first known evidence of a fan in the East is a lacquered fan handle excavated from a tomb in Dahori in southeastern Korea. Originally made with feathers, only the handle of the Dahori fan relic has survived. It is purported to have been made before the three ancient kingdoms of Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla came to dominate the Korean Peninsula during the Three Kingdoms period at the start of the Common Era. Fans are also found among relics from Goguryeo (37 B.C.–A.D. 668). The Goguryeo-era Anak Tomb No. 3 in Hwanghae Province in present-day North Korea features murals showing human figures holding fans. Murals at the Takamatsuzuka Tomb in Japan also depict female attendants holding round, rigid fans with long handles following behind a main figure who appears to hail from Goguryeo. A fan rendered in the shape of a lotus Among the surviving relics from the Goryeo Dynasty (918–1392) is a handheld fan exhibited in TRADITIONAL KOREAN AESTHETICS · 04 / 05 TRADITIONAL KOREAN AESTHETICS the Treasures Hall of Taesamyo Shrine in Andong, Korea, which is dedicated to the spirit tablets In Korea, handheld fans signified the dignity and tastes of three meritorious officials who made critical contributions to the foundation of Goryeo. This of their users and formed an intrinsic component of handheld fan with a lacquered wood mount and handle are believed to have belonged to Princess a number of customs. Noguk, the wife of Goryeo’s thirty-first ruler Gongmin (r. 1351–74). When the royal couple visited the shrine to pay tribute to the dynastic founders, the princess happened to leave her fan behind. This royal accouterment has been maintained at the shrine ever since. The earliest textual evidence of a fan comes from the twelfth-century Korean history Samguk A _ A rigid handheld fan for sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms). It is recorded that when Wanggeon (r. 918–43), the founder weddings, lavishly embroidered with peony flowers of Goryeo, ascended to the throne, the leader of the Later Baekje Kingdom, Gyeonhwon, sent him a handheld fan trimmed with peacock feathers as a congratulatory gift. Wanggeon held this fan B _ A court lady’s fan made from embroidered silk at his enthronement ceremony, but not as a means to move the air. It was intended to express his commitment to protect the dynasty from wind, which symbolized war or misfortune at the time C _ A painted fan rendered and was understood as a harbinger of pending disaster. in the shape of a banana leaf The Many Varieties of Korean Handheld Fans The Chinese character seon ( ) meaning “a handheld fan” is comprised of 扇 two components ( and ) meaning “a house” and “feathers.” 戶 羽 Together they denote “feathers inside the house.” Its Korean equivalent buchae is a pure Korean word, consisting of bu meaning “move air” and chae meaning “a tool.” Traditional Korean handheld fans come in more than one hundred variations depending on the materials involved, inclusions of embroidery, and the intended occasions for its use. Plumage fans can be divided into different types according to the C kind of a bird and the color of the feathers, like fans made from the tail feathers of male pheasants, their body feathers, or those of owls or peacocks. Hemp or silk can be used with fabric B fans, and silk fans are categorized into those with and without embroidery. There were distinctive fans serving as a regal A accessory, and others as a ritual object at a wedding for royalty or nobility.
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