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01 England 1791-1809 1 BYRON’S CORRESPONDENCE AND JOURNALS 01: FROM NEWSTEAD, SOUTHWELL, AND OTHER PLACES IN ENGLAND: NOVEMBER 1799-JULY 1809 Edited by Peter Cochran Work in progress, with frequent updates [indicated]. Letters not in the seventeen main files may be found in those containing the correspondences Byron / Annabella, Byron / Murray, Byron / Hobhouse, Byron / Moore, Byron / Scott, Byron / Kinnaird, Byron / The Shelleys , or Byron / Hoppner . UPDATED June 21st 2012. My thanks to Paul Curtis and Ralph Lloyd-Jones for the additional material. Abbreviations: B.: Byron. S.: Southey. 1922: Lord Byron’s Correspondence Chiefly with Lady Melbourne, Mr Hobhouse, The Hon. Douglas Kinnaird, and P.B.Shelley (2 vols., John Murray 1922). BLJ: Byron, George Gordon, Lord. Byron’s Letters and Journals . Ed. Leslie A. Marchand, 13 vols. London: John Murray 1973–94. CMP: Lord Byron: The Complete Miscellaneous Prose . Ed. Andrew Nicholson, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991. CSS: The Life and Correspondence of the Late Robert Southey , ed. C.C.Southey, Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, 6 vols 1849-1850. Curry: New Letters of Robert Southey , Ed. Kenneth Curry, 2 vols. Columbia 1965. LJ: The Works of Lord Byron, Letters and Journals . Ed. R. E. Prothero, 6 vols. London: John Murray, 1899-1904. I am very grateful to John and Virginia Murray for permission to quote texts from Byron’s Letters and Journals , ed. Leslie A. Marchand (John Murray 1973-1994). NLS: National Library of Scotland. Q: Byron: A Self-Portrait; Letters and Diaries 1798 to 1824 . Ed. Peter Quennell, 2 vols, John Murray, 1950. READER! This edition gives you a raw version of Byron’s correspondence. As far as can be done in linear print, it conveys what he wrote and how he wrote it, before any editor got to it to neutralise him. FEEL FREE TO MAKE IT MORE ACCOMMODATING BY EDITING IT YOURSELF. Once you’ve shaded and copied it, you can: run through his page-breaks; expand his contractions and ampersands; delete his deletions; regularise his interlineations … would you? dare you? modernise his spelling? (I hope not!); regularise his capitalisation, so that students feel less bewildered than usual? (I hope not!) – P.C. POSTAGE The recipient, not the sender, normally paid the postage: but as a peer, Byron used a frank, so in England his recipients got his letters free. However, I believe several of his “letters” to Murray from St James’s Street, the Albany, or Piccadilly Terrace, are notes taken round by servants (as are those of Murray to him). He does not have the franking privilege when abroad, and as the cost of postage is calculated by weight, he only uses an envelope when he is enclosing a manuscript. The address is written on side four, the sheet is folded and the wax stamped (“wafered”), and then Fletcher takes it to the post office. 2 A letter from Byron is usually a bifolium, with the following shape: Sheet 1 side 4: Sheet 1 side 1: Text continued from side 3, above address Address and Date Salutation AD DR TEXT ES S [written at right angles ] Text continued below address Signature [ sometimes ] Sheet 1 side 2: Sheet 1 side 3: TEXT TEXT Signature [ sometimes ] P.S. [ sometimes ] Sometimes the letter goes on to a second or even third sheet, which is either enclosed in the first bifolium, or placed at last in an envelope. The longest Byron letter that I have encountered so far is the one to John Murray, from Ravenna, August 1st 1819, which is on five sheets. If he has too little paper to write all that he wants, Byron writes around the margin of side 3, starting at the bottom right-hand corner, curling up the right-hand side, and sometimes continuing inverted across the top and down the left-hand side. Sometimes he adds messages parallel to the address, either above it or below. I have always indicated these things. Not all letters from Byron are the linear communications previous editors have seemed to indicate, but contain several discrete bundles of text in different places and at different angles. If Byron leaves much of a letter blank, it’s often a sign that he’s angry with his addressee. Codes: Names of writer and recipient are in bold type, with location from which sent, and date. (Source is given in round brackets beneath the title: “text from” indicates that the actual source has been seen. For “LJ”, “1922”, and “BLJ”, see above). Where the manuscript is the source, the text is left-justified only. Where the source is a book, the text is left- and right-justified. [The address, if there is one, is given in square brackets beneath the source] “1:2” and so on indicates a page-turn on the bifolium. “1:2 and 1:3 blank” shows that not all the paper has been used. If Byron goes on to a second bifolium, or a second sheet, it’s an occasion. The address, if there is no envelope, is normally in the centre of 1:4. <Authorial deletion> <xxxxx> Irrecoverable authorial deletion <deleted> Infra-red and ultra-violet might reveal something interesting {Interlineated word or phrase} E[ditoria]l A[dditio]n [ ] Illegible Hyphens: where Byron has split a word over two sides, and used a double hyphen, the effect has been re= / =tained. But, as the text is not transcribed on a line-for-line basis (except in the case of Susan Vaughan’s letters (for reasons explained at January 12th 1812), hyphens are not used when he splits a word over two lines. See April 3rd 1819 for another letter transcribed line-for-line. 3 Underlining: sometimes Byron underlines a whole word, sometimes single syllables (for comical effect, as in “Quarterlyers”), sometimes an entire phrase, and sometimes part of a word (from haste). In all cases except the last, where the whole word is underlined, we have tried to keep to his usage, underlining with a single understroke, with two understrokes, with a heavy underlining, or with a decorative line. Signatures: As time goes on, Byron’s signature becomes less careful, but then recovers. Few of his ways of signing off can be conveyed in print. “Byron” indicates a word whose second syllable is both underlined and overlined. “BN” indicates those two letters with different degrees of dash-decoration around them. Sometimes they appear Greek. “[ swirl signature ]” indicates a bird’s-nest effect which can with charity be read as a capital “B”. “[ scrawl ]” is a long wavy line, often starting as “y rs ” but with no other letters decipherable. After the death of Lady Noel, Byron regains pride in his name, and often signs “N. B.” with a decorative underlining. Byron’s Most Important Correspondents in this Section Augusta Byron, later Augusta Leigh (1783-1851) Byron’s half-sister; the most important woman in his life Catherine Gordon Byron (1765-1811), Byron’s mother Charles Skinner Matthews (17??-1811), gay Cambridge friend of Byron Edward Noel Long (17??-1808), another of Byron’s close friends at Harrow Elizabeth Pigot (1783-1866), Byron’s friend and neighbour at Southwell John Cam Hobhouse (1786-1869) soon to be Byron’s travelling companion Francis Hodgson (1781-1852), Cambridge friend of Byron Gentleman John Jackson (1769-1845), heavyweight champion of England, Byron’s boxing instructor Henry Angelo (17??-18??), fencing instructor to the Navy, Byron’s fencing instructor, associate of John Jackson Henry Drury (1778-1841), another Harrow friend of Byron John Cam Hobhouse (1786-1869), Byron’s close friend and future travelling companion John Hanson (1755-1841), Byron’s solicitor and surrogate father John Leacroft (17??-18??), a neighbour of Byron’s in Southwell whose sister Byron may have compromised John Pigot (17??-18??), Elizabeth’s brother Robert Charles Dallas (1754-1824), Byron’s early literary adviser, who introduces him to John Murray in Section 03 Robert Southey (1774-1842), poet, to become the person Byron hated most (apart from Lady Byron) Scrope Berdmore Davies (1782-1852), close Cambridge friend of Byron who lends him money for his Mediterranean travels The Earl of Clare (1792-1851), one of Byron’s most beloved friends at Harrow The Marquis of Sligo (1788-1845), Cambridge friend of Byron William Bankes (1786-1855), Cambridge friend of Byron William Harness (17??-18??), younger Harrow protégée of Byron INDEX: 186 letters. 1788 onwards Catherine Gordon Byron to Frances Leigh, from Aberdeen, May 5th 1791 Catherine Gordon Byron to Frances Leigh, from Aberdeen, November 29th 1792 Selections from the 1790s correspondence of Robert Southey Byron to Mrs Parker, from Newstead Abbey, November 8th 1798 Byron to Mrs Catherine Gordon Byron, from Nottingham, March 13th 1799 Byron to John Hanson, from Dulwich, November 1799 From the correspondence of Robert Southey, 1800-1806 4 1803 Byron to Catherine Gordon Byron, from Harrow, May 1st 1803 Byron to Catherine Gordon Byron, from Harrow, June 23rd-30th 1803 Byron to Catherine Gordon Byron, from Newstead Abbey, September 1803 1804 Byron to Augusta Byron, from Burgage Manor, Southwell, March 22nd 1804 Byron to Augusta Byron, from Burgage Manor, Southwell, March 26th 1804 Byron to Augusta Byron, from Burgage Manor, Southwell, April 2nd 1804 Byron to Augusta Byron, from Burgage Manor, Southwell, April 9th 1804 Byron to Catherine Gordon Byron, from Harrow, May 1st–10th 1804 Catherine Gordon Byron to Miss Abercromby, from Nottingham, July 2nd 1804 Byron to John Hanson, from Harrow, July 17th 1804 Byron to Elizabeth Pigot, from Burgage Manor, Southwell, August 29th 1804 Byron to John Hanson, from Burgage Manor, Southwell, August 30th 1804 Byron to Augusta Byron, from Harrow, October 25th 1804 Byron to Augusta Byron, from Harrow, November 2nd 1804 Byron to
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