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Emerging Powers in a Comparative Perspective

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Emerging Powers in a Comparative Perspective Emerging Powers in a Comparative Perspective Emerging Powers in a Comparative Perspective The Political and Economic Rise of the BRIC Countries EDITED BY VIDYA NADKARNI AND NORMA C. NOONAN NEW YORK • LONDON • NEW DELHI • SYDNEY Bloomsbury Academic An imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc 175 Fifth Avenue 50 Bedford Square New York London NY 10010 WC1B 3DP USA UK www.bloomsbury.com First published 2013 © Vidya Nadkami, Norma C. Noonan and contributors, 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. No responsibility for loss caused to any individual or organization acting on or refraining from action as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by Bloomsbury Academic or the author. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this title is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN: 978-1-6235-6059-1 Typeset by Fakenham Prepress Solutions, Fakenham, Norfolk NR21 8NN To our families CONTENTS Contributors ix List of Abbreviations xi 1 Introduction Vidya Nadkarni 1 2 The Global Leadership of the USA and the Emerging Powers Norma C. Noonan 23 3 Europe: Global Power in the Making Mary Troy Johnston 43 4 Japan and the Emerging Powers: Toward Middle Power Realism? David Fouse 69 5 China: A Reluctant Global Power in the Search for its Rightful Place Suisheng Zhao 101 6 India—An Aspiring Global Power Vidya Nadkarni 131 7 Russia in the New Distribution of Power Tatiana Shakleina 163 viii CONTENTS 8 Brazil as an Emerging Power in the Twenty-first Century João Augusto de Castro Neves 189 9 Conclusion: Global Leadership in the Twenty-first Century Vidya Nadkarni and Norma C. Noonan 209 Glossary 221 Index 231 CONTRIBUTORS João Augusto de Castro Neves is an analyst at Eurasia Group’s Latin America practice, focusing primarily on Brazil. He has conducted extensive research on Brazil’s foreign policy, and has published papers and articles in books, newspapers, magazines, and academic journals. Joao has worked as an independent political consultant based in Washington, D.C., and is an editor of the journal The Brazilian Economy. He has lectured at several American and Brazilian universities, research institutes, and diplomatic academies. From 2007 to 2010, he worked as a political analyst at CAC Consultoria Politica, a political risk and analysis firm he co-founded in Brasilia. He also worked at Instituto Brasileiro de Estudos Politicos, one of Brazil’s leading political think tanks and consulting firm, and at the Brazilian Congress. David Fouse is Professor of Regional Studies at the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies (APCSS). Dr. Fouse’s recent APCSS publications have dealt with Japan’s dispatch of the Ground Self-Defense Force to Iraq, Japan’s support for counterterrorism in Southeast Asia, and Japanese policies toward North Korea in the post-Cold War era. Mary Troy Johnston was associate professor of political science at Loyola University New Orleans from 1988 until her retirement in May 2012. Her academic research has focused on the European Union and transatlantic relations, where her interests have ranged from decision-making studies to Europe’s emerging security policy. As co-editor, with Janet Adamski and Christina Schweiss, of Old Europe, New Security (2006), she first contrasted US and EU security values and explored the concept of human security in more recent academic presentations. She has widely participated in conferences in Europe and the USA, presently continuing her work as an independent scholar and writer. Vidya Nadkarni is Professor of Political Science and International Relations at the University of San Diego. From 1998 to 2006, she directed the Master’s Program in International Relations at the University of San Diego. Her teaching and research interests are focused on international relations theory and the foreign policies of emerging powers. She has written x CONTRIBUTORS numerous articles and book chapters on the Russian-Indian relationship, Russian foreign policy, and international relations theory. She is the author of Strategic Partnerships in Asia: Balancing without Alliances (2010). Norma Corigliano Noonan is Professor of Political Science and Leadership Studies at Augsburg College. From 1993 to 2011 she directed the Master of Arts in Leadership Program at Augsburg College. She was the editor and co-author of Russian Women in Politics and Society (1996) and Encyclopedia of Russian Women’s Movements (2001). She is the author of numerous articles on Russian foreign policy, international politics, political leaders, and women in leadership. Her interests in international politics have been eclectic, and she brings many years of reflection to her essay on the future of the USA as a global power. Tatiana Shakleina serves as Head of the Foreign Policy Studies Department at the Institute of the USA and Canada Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, where she has worked since 1972. She has also taught at the State University of Humanities and at the Moscow State University of International Relations. Her most recent publications include Russian Foreign Policy in Transition: Concepts and Realities (2005); Foreign Policy of the Bush Administration: Concepts and Practice (2003); and Russia and the United States in the New World Order (2002). Suisheng Zhao is Professor and Executive Director of the Center for China-US Cooperation at Josef Korbel School of International Studies, University of Denver. A founding editor of the Journal of Contemporary China, he is the author and editor of more than ten books. His most recent books are: China and the United States; Cooperation and Competition in Northeast Asia; China-US Relations Transformed: Perspectives and Strategic Interactions; Debating Political Reform in China: Rule of Law versus Democratization; and A Nation-State by Construction: Dynamics of Modern Chinese Nationalism. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ABM Anti-Ballistic Missile ARF ASEAN Regional Forum APEC Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations ASEAN+3 ASEAN + China, Japan and South Korea BASIC Brazil, South Africa, India, China BIMST-EC Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation BJP Bharatiya Janata Party, India BNDES National Development Bank of Brazil BRIC Brazil, Russia, India, China BRICS Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa CBDR Common but differentiated responsibility CEPA Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement CCP Chinese Communist Party CDS South American Defense Council CGPCS Contact Group on Piracy off the Coast of Somalia CHINALCO China Aluminum Corporation CIS Commonwealth of Independent States COP Conference of the Parties CNOOC China National Offshore Oil Corporation CSTO Collective Security Treaty Organization DFC Dedicated Freight Corridor xii LIST OF Abbreviations DMIC Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor DPJ Democratic Party of Japan ECB European Central Bank ECSC European Coal and Steel Community EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone EFSF European Financial Stability Facility EPA Economic Partnership Agreement ESS European Security Strategy ESM European Stability Mechanism EU European Union FDI Foreign Direct Investment FTA Free Trade Agreement FTAA Free Trade Area of the Americas GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade G2 Group of 2 G7 Group of 7 G8 Group of 8 G20 Group of 20 G77 Group of 77 GDP Gross Domestic Product GNI Gross National Income IBSA India, Brazil, South Africa ICC International Criminal Court IMF International Monetary Fund IR International Relations JETRO Japanese External Trade Organization JOGMEC Japan’s Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation ITEC Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation LIEO Liberal International Economic Order LIST OF Abbreviations xiii LOC Lines of Credit MEA Ministry of External Affairs, India MERCOSUR (Also MERCOSUL) Common Market of the South (Spanish: Mercado Comun del Sur) MINUSTAH United Nations Peacekeeping Mission in Haiti MOD Ministry of Defence, India MTCR Missile Technology Control Regime NAM Non-aligned Movement NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NDPG National Defense Program Guidelines NGO Non-Governmental Organization NIEO New International Economic Order NPT Non-Proliferation Treaty ODA Official Development Assistance OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development PLA People’s Liberation Army PNE Peaceful Nuclear Explosion PRC People’s Republic of China R2P Responsibility to Protect R&D Research and Development RAO UES Unified Energy System of Russia RF Russian Federation ROSATOM Russian State Nuclear Energy Corporation SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation SAFTA South Asian Free Trade Area SAPTA SAARC Preferential Trading Arrangement SCAAP Special Commonwealth Assistance for Africa Program SCO Shanghai Cooperation Organization SIPRI Stockholm Peace Research Institute SOE State Owned Enterprise xiv LIST OF Abbreviations START Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty TCS Technical Cooperation Scheme TIG Trade in Goods UESR Unified Energy System of Russia UN United Nations UNASUR Union of South American Nations UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNGA United Nations General Assembly UNSC United Nations Security Council US/US United States USA United States of America USSR Union
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