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Geophysical Abstracts 163 October- December 1955

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Geophysical Abstracts 163 October- December 1955 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1033-D Geophysical Abstracts October- December 1955 , By MARY C. RABBITT, DOROTHY B. VITALIANO, S. T. VESSELOWSKY, and others GEOLOGICAL 8<>U> .R^V.-SfY-' .8R4ft'I?L ETIN 1033-D Abstracts of current literature pertaining to the physics of the solid earth and to geophysical exploration UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1956 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Douglas McKay, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washing­ ton 25, D. C. - Price 25 cents (single copy). Subscription price: $1.00 a year; 35 cents additional for foreign mailing. The printing of this publication has been approved by the Director of the Bureau of the Budget, May 20, 1954. CONTENTS Page General information ______ _______ ____________________-----_--__-___- 211 List of journals___-_________-______-___-__-_____-----_---_---_- 211 Gravity. __________________________________________ 213 General and theoretical papers._______________________ _____ 213 Methods of analysis and interpretation___________________________ 213 Observations of gravity and gravity surveys ________________ ___- 215 Magnetism. ______________________________________________________ 218 Magnetic field of the earth________________________-_-_--_--_-- 218 Magnetic properties of rocks and minerals____________--__-__----_ 220 Instruments and methods of observation _________________________ 226 Magnetic observations and surveys.______________________ _____ 226 Electricity_______________________________________ 229 General and theoretical studies-__________________--_-_-_--_-___- 229 Electrical properties of rocks and minerals._______________________ 229 Instruments and methods of observation_________________________ 230 Methods of analysis and interpretation.__________________________ . 230 Electrical surveys___________-________________-_____---_----- 232 Seismology. ________________________________________________ 233 General. ._____________________________________ 233 Elastic waves.______________________________________________ 233 Instruments and methods of observation _________________________ 235 Methods of analysis and interpretation__________________________ 237 Observations of seismic waves________________________________ 238 Earthquake occurrences and effects_____________________________ 239 Seismic surveys._______ _____________________________________ 243 Microseisms-_____._,________________________________________ 244 Isotope studies and age determinations_______________________________ 244 Radioactivity ___________________________________ 254 Radioactivity constants._______________________________________ 254 Instruments and methods of observation _________________________ 255 Radioactivity of rocks, waters, and air.__________________________ 256 Radioactivity surveys..._______________________________________ 258 Heat__________________________________________ 259 Volcanology._____________________________________________________ 261 Tectonophysics__________________________________________________ 264 Internal constitution of the earth____________________________________ 281 Geophysical exploration.___________________________________________ 288 Index._____________________________________________________ __ 291 Index to Geophysical Abstracts 160-163____________________________ 295 HI -O .h" ,!" > :..-: ' i t '-:"' ..: .:.-. k "; V-:'. !",- -.--. ,n-i -'''I - , - " m :".<-> -.;-.- ; .;;j. _ - - '' ' 'i'' ^(Pi .". ,v. ,!." : . i.i ' « ;!" r. -. .-,- - ',!. - - :' ><'' '.'' ' '' - -'" ' ; " x--[. III 5301 ;,'.K.!, ') C;. JR&BBJTT, DoROTiWiB.. YITAUAHO,^ I others '< : Geophysical Abstracts provides informative abstracts ,of published "Ma^eri&l on t^ physics of tlie solid earth, the" app1tica1}ioh of physical hie^Q^s, andjtecbi^ques l^^geplogic problems, and geophysical ex­ ploration. Beiate^l material o£< dntBjBst, .ta individual. geophysiciste ialso be fotfnd in v otfer* journals such as the Bibliography of , Ghettiical iA.bstrtfc%, Meteorological Abstracts? Nuclear Science Abstracts,! ,and physics; Abstracts'.""~ r '- * ' ' "' I ' ' ','-'' ' ,'/i' '".''I I ^^^^!^^ reference is beJfe^e^ir}tcj be s&}f^- ;abbreviations of journal titles were given in Geophysical Abstracts l&O/ 161- and 162. Additions to that list are ^eit1 fceloW. tjM^; ;spebfflcal!3/ indicated^ otherw^ t/T/^V"^"''^''*'*in ,^icli"*'' * ^ the.afEiplfs,fi" -1 ^ '^**?/i f'-'i is'^i^teiiL\ i ' ^ ^ti<A»'.i^ is,1 1 -_"' the ^ >^ isarnie o ,.i',>*jf' as ^ that^rro,-'jij^i*ijL.i gi.yen ,i JC^rsystem^Oir |rapht^ft^ioo!i jised by the Un^^S^ Greographic Namesi.is .^mplo^ed for transliteration of Slavic names Iarid'^f'tfttesi^- i-'5¥a/nslaMohB ^ia4thor-'s - -arfesfe^t^vairg .ly&SH&i^^-i fa "Author's aftMi 6tlh Mlow^'lSy the initials of the translator. ABSTRACTORS Abstracts have been prepared by J. R. Balsley, P. E. Byerly, G. V. Keller, V. S. Neuschel, and L. C. Pakiser as well as by the principal authors. LIST OF JOURNALS The following list gives the full titles of journals referred to in this issue of the Abstracts and not included in previous lists. The spon­ soring organization and place of publication are given where they are not part of the journal title. Abbreviation Publication Accad. Gioenia Boll________________ Bolletino delle Sedute della Accademia Gioenia di Scienze naturale in Catania. Sicily. Advances in Physics.________________ Advances in Physics. Quarterly sup­ plement to the Philosophical Maga­ zine. Taylor and Francis, Ltd. London. 211 212 GEOPHYSICAL ABSTRACTS 163, OCTOBER-DECEMBER 1955 Abbreviation Publication Akad. Nauk Armyanskoy SSR Doklady. Doklady Akademii Nauk Armyanskoy SSR. Erivan, Armenia. -Canadian Jour. Chemistry..._________ Canadian Journal of Chemistry. Na­ tional Research Council of Canada. Ottawa. Endeavour________________________ Endeavour. Imperial Chemical Indus­ tries, Ltd. London. Inst. Civil Engineers [London] Proc__ Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers. London. Inst. figypte Bull_____________ Bulletin de 1'Institut d'figypte. Insti- tut Frangais d'Archeologie Orientale. Cairo. Jour. Chem. Education_____________ Journal of Chemical Education. Divi­ sion of Chemical Education, American Chemical Society. La Jolla, Calif. Naturw.___________________________ Die Naturwissenschaften. Organ der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Forde- rung der Wissenschaften. Berlin. Pacific Science._____________________ Pacific Science. University of Hawaii Press. Honolulu, T. H. Rev. Etude Calamit^s______________ Revue pour 1'fitude des Calamit6s. Union Internationale de Secours. Geneve, Switzerland. Rev. Modern Physics ________________ Reviews of Modern Physics. American Institute of Physics. New York. Tokyo Univ. Education, GeoL, and Studies of the Education, Geological, Mineralog. Inst. Studies. and Mineralogical Institute, Tokyo University. Tokyo. Wisconsin Geol. Survey Bull. _________ Bulletin of the Wisconsin Geological Survey. Madison, Wis. GRAVITY GENERAL AND THEORETICAL PAPERS 163-1. Subbotin, S. I. O svyazi anomaliy sily tyazhesti s vertical'nymi dvi- zheniyami zemnoy kory [On the correlation between gravitational anomalies and the vertical movements of the earth's crust]: Akad. Nauk SSSR Izv. Ser. geofiz., no. 4, p. 332-338, 1955. Undulatory deformations of the crust are usually attributed to vertical move­ ments of subcrustal material. As a result of withdrawal of peridotite from beneath the crust, the surface of the earth is lowered, and there is a change in the gravitational intensity at the surface resulting in negative anomalies. When there is an influx of subcrustal material under a certain region, there must be a positive gravitational anomaly at the surface simultaneously with the rise of level. In reality there is an inverse relationship between changes in level and the sign of gravity anomalies is a region. The lowering of the surface of the earth is caused by changes in the physicochemical composition of subcrustal material such as an increase of density and decrease of volume, which would produce simultaneously positive anomalies and a lowering of the surface. Such a correlation is observed over the southern plain of the U. S. S. R. from the Carpathian Mountains in the west to the Donetz River in the east. Horizontal movements of crustal masses are, in Subbotin's opinion, of only secondary importance. S. T. V. METHODS OF ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 163-2. Brown, William Fuller, Jr. Minimum variance in gravity analysis, Part I: One-dimensional: Geophysics, v. 20, no. 4, p. 807-828, 1955. In calculation of second vertical derivatives or other quantities from measured field intensities, experimental errors in the data may produce large errors. Least- squares adjustments and smoothing formulas have been used to improve pre­ cision. The minimum-variance principle may also be used, according to which the n k arbitrary constants of a polynomial formula are adjusted to minimize the mean square error of the estimated quantity. Direct application of this principle leads to "best" estimation formulas of specified degree k. "Best" formulas are also obtained by a least-squares method that gives the same results as the minimum-variance method. Examples of the use of the method are given. M. C. R. 163-3. Balavadze, B. K. K voprosu o vychislenii vertikal'nogo gradienta sily tyazhesti [On the problem of the numerical evaluation of the vertical gradient of gravity]: Akad. Nauk SSSR Izv. Ser. geofiz.,
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