The Development of the Quantum-Mechanical Electron Theory of Metals: 1928---1933
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Measurements of Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering at Large Momentum Transfer*
SLAC-PUB-4395 Rev. January 1993 m Measurements of Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering at Large Momentum Transfer* A. F. SILL,(~) R. G. ARNOLD,P. E. BOSTED,~. C. CHANG,@) J. GoMEz,(~)A. T. KATRAMATOU,C. J. MARTOFF, G. G. PETRATOS,(~)A. A. RAHBAR,S. E. ROCK,AND Z. M. SZALATA Department of Physics The American University, Washington DC 20016 D.J. SHERDEN Stanford Linear Accelerator Center , Stanford University, Stanford, California 94309 J. M. LAMBERT Department of Physics Georgetown University, Washington DC 20057 and R. M. LOMBARD-NELSEN De’partemente de Physique Nucle’aire CEN Saclay, Gif-sur- Yvette, 91191 Cedex, France Submitted to Physical Review D *Work supported by US Department of Energy contract DE-AC03-76SF00515 (SLAC), and National Science Foundation Grants PHY83-40337 and PHY85-10549 (American University). R. M. Lombard-Nelsen was supported by C. N. R. S. (French National Center for Scientific Research). Javier Gomez was partially supported by CONICIT, Venezuela. (‘)Present address: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, NY 14627. (*)Permanent address: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742. (C)Present address: Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA 23606. (d)Present address: Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122. (c)Present address: Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford CA 94309. ABSTRACT Measurements of the forward-angle differential cross section for elastic electron-proton scattering were made in the range of momentum transfer from Q2 = 2.9 to 31.3 (GeV/c)2 using an electron beam at the Stanford Linear Accel- erator Center. The data span six orders of magnitude in cross section. -
Texas Co-Op Power • March 2017
LOCAL ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE EDITION MARCH 2017 Blizzard of ’57 Spring Vegetable Salads Palo Duro Pageant 35 35on Brake-worthy stops on highway through co-op country THE TRACTOR THAT STARTED IT ALL. IS CHANGING IT ALL. Metal Hood, Fenders New Deluxe Seat** New Swift-TTaach Loader** New Grille Guard New Dash Panel & Operator Platform & Tilt Steering Wheel & Swift-Connect Backhoe & Front Hitch & Display ALL-NEWW KUBOTTAA BX80 SERIES Low-Rate, Long-TTeerm Financing 6 YYeear Goingg On Noww! Limited Powertrain Warrantyy* kubota.com *Only terms and conditions of Kubota’s standard Limited Warranty applyy.. For warranty terms, see Kubota’s Limited Warranty at www.kubota.com or authorized Kubota Dealers. **Only avvaailable on certain models. Optional equipment may be shown. © Kubota TTrractor Corporation, 2017 Since 1944 March 2017 FAVORITES 5 Letters 6 Currents 18 Local Co-op News Get the latest information plus energy and safety tips from your cooperative. 29 Texas History Panhandle Blizzard of 1957 By Dawn Stephens 31 Recipes Spring Vegetable Salads 35 Focus on Texas Photo Contest: In Motion 36 Around Texas List of Local Events 38 Hit the Road Texas on a Grand Stage in Palo Duro By Sheryl Smith-Rodgers Marker near the northern end ONLINE of Interstate 35 in Texas, just TexasCoopPower.com south of the Red River Find these stories online if they don’t appear in your edition of the magazine. FEATURE Texas USA Odessa Meteor Crater 35 on 35 8 Stops with fascinating food, history and popular By E.R. Bills culture lure travelers from the interstate as it weaves Observations through Texas from Mexico to Oklahoma Another Roadside Attraction Story and photos by Julia Robinson By Ryann Ford ROAD TRIP! See video and photos at TexasCoopPower.com NEXT MONTH Drones: An Overview Texas inno- vators, including electric co-ops, hone drones as tools of today. -
Copyrighted Material
Index Abulfeda crater chain (Moon), 97 Aphrodite Terra (Venus), 142, 143, 144, 145, 146 Acheron Fossae (Mars), 165 Apohele asteroids, 353–354 Achilles asteroids, 351 Apollinaris Patera (Mars), 168 achondrite meteorites, 360 Apollo asteroids, 346, 353, 354, 361, 371 Acidalia Planitia (Mars), 164 Apollo program, 86, 96, 97, 101, 102, 108–109, 110, 361 Adams, John Couch, 298 Apollo 8, 96 Adonis, 371 Apollo 11, 94, 110 Adrastea, 238, 241 Apollo 12, 96, 110 Aegaeon, 263 Apollo 14, 93, 110 Africa, 63, 73, 143 Apollo 15, 100, 103, 104, 110 Akatsuki spacecraft (see Venus Climate Orbiter) Apollo 16, 59, 96, 102, 103, 110 Akna Montes (Venus), 142 Apollo 17, 95, 99, 100, 102, 103, 110 Alabama, 62 Apollodorus crater (Mercury), 127 Alba Patera (Mars), 167 Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package (ALSEP), 110 Aldrin, Edwin (Buzz), 94 Apophis, 354, 355 Alexandria, 69 Appalachian mountains (Earth), 74, 270 Alfvén, Hannes, 35 Aqua, 56 Alfvén waves, 35–36, 43, 49 Arabia Terra (Mars), 177, 191, 200 Algeria, 358 arachnoids (see Venus) ALH 84001, 201, 204–205 Archimedes crater (Moon), 93, 106 Allan Hills, 109, 201 Arctic, 62, 67, 84, 186, 229 Allende meteorite, 359, 360 Arden Corona (Miranda), 291 Allen Telescope Array, 409 Arecibo Observatory, 114, 144, 341, 379, 380, 408, 409 Alpha Regio (Venus), 144, 148, 149 Ares Vallis (Mars), 179, 180, 199 Alphonsus crater (Moon), 99, 102 Argentina, 408 Alps (Moon), 93 Argyre Basin (Mars), 161, 162, 163, 166, 186 Amalthea, 236–237, 238, 239, 241 Ariadaeus Rille (Moon), 100, 102 Amazonis Planitia (Mars), 161 COPYRIGHTED -
Charles Darwin: a Companion
CHARLES DARWIN: A COMPANION Charles Darwin aged 59. Reproduction of a photograph by Julia Margaret Cameron, original 13 x 10 inches, taken at Dumbola Lodge, Freshwater, Isle of Wight in July 1869. The original print is signed and authenticated by Mrs Cameron and also signed by Darwin. It bears Colnaghi's blind embossed registration. [page 3] CHARLES DARWIN A Companion by R. B. FREEMAN Department of Zoology University College London DAWSON [page 4] First published in 1978 © R. B. Freeman 1978 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the permission of the publisher: Wm Dawson & Sons Ltd, Cannon House Folkestone, Kent, England Archon Books, The Shoe String Press, Inc 995 Sherman Avenue, Hamden, Connecticut 06514 USA British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Freeman, Richard Broke. Charles Darwin. 1. Darwin, Charles – Dictionaries, indexes, etc. 575′. 0092′4 QH31. D2 ISBN 0–7129–0901–X Archon ISBN 0–208–01739–9 LC 78–40928 Filmset in 11/12 pt Bembo Printed and bound in Great Britain by W & J Mackay Limited, Chatham [page 5] CONTENTS List of Illustrations 6 Introduction 7 Acknowledgements 10 Abbreviations 11 Text 17–309 [page 6] LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Charles Darwin aged 59 Frontispiece From a photograph by Julia Margaret Cameron Skeleton Pedigree of Charles Robert Darwin 66 Pedigree to show Charles Robert Darwin's Relationship to his Wife Emma 67 Wedgwood Pedigree of Robert Darwin's Children and Grandchildren 68 Arms and Crest of Robert Waring Darwin 69 Research Notes on Insectivorous Plants 1860 90 Charles Darwin's Full Signature 91 [page 7] INTRODUCTION THIS Companion is about Charles Darwin the man: it is not about evolution by natural selection, nor is it about any other of his theoretical or experimental work. -
Patronage and Science: Roger Revelle, the US Navy, And
PATRONAGE AND SCIENCE: ROGER REVELLE, THE NAVY, AND OCEANOGRAPHY AT THE SCRIPPS INSTITUTION RONALD RAINGER Department of History, Texas Tech University,Lubbock, TX 79409-1013, [email protected] Originally published as: Rainger, Ronald. "Patronage and Science: Roger Revelle, the U.S. Navy, and Oceanography at the Scripps Institution." Earth sciences history : journal of the History of the Earth Sciences Society 19(1):58-89, 2000. This article is reprinted courtesy of the History of the Sciences Society from Earth Sciences History, 2000, 19:58-89. ABSTRACT In the years between 1940 and 1955, American oceanography experienced considerable change. Nowhere was that more true than at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, California. There Roger Revelle (1909-1991) played a major role in transforming a small, seaside laboratory into one of the leading oceanographic centers in the world. This paper explores the impact that World War II had on oceanography and his career. Through an analysis of his activities as a naval officer responsible for promoting oceanography in the navy and wartime civilian laboratories, this article examines his understanding of the relationship between military patronage and scientific research and the impact that this relationship had on disciplinary and institutional developments at Scripps. In 1947 Harald Sverdrup (1888-1957) and Roger Revelle, two of the leading oceanographers in the United States, made plans for Revelle's return to the Scripps 2 Institution of Oceanography (SIO). After six years of coordinating and promoting oceanography within the U.S. Navy, Revelle was returning to the center where he had earned his Ph.D. -
Glossary Glossary
Glossary Glossary Albedo A measure of an object’s reflectivity. A pure white reflecting surface has an albedo of 1.0 (100%). A pitch-black, nonreflecting surface has an albedo of 0.0. The Moon is a fairly dark object with a combined albedo of 0.07 (reflecting 7% of the sunlight that falls upon it). The albedo range of the lunar maria is between 0.05 and 0.08. The brighter highlands have an albedo range from 0.09 to 0.15. Anorthosite Rocks rich in the mineral feldspar, making up much of the Moon’s bright highland regions. Aperture The diameter of a telescope’s objective lens or primary mirror. Apogee The point in the Moon’s orbit where it is furthest from the Earth. At apogee, the Moon can reach a maximum distance of 406,700 km from the Earth. Apollo The manned lunar program of the United States. Between July 1969 and December 1972, six Apollo missions landed on the Moon, allowing a total of 12 astronauts to explore its surface. Asteroid A minor planet. A large solid body of rock in orbit around the Sun. Banded crater A crater that displays dusky linear tracts on its inner walls and/or floor. 250 Basalt A dark, fine-grained volcanic rock, low in silicon, with a low viscosity. Basaltic material fills many of the Moon’s major basins, especially on the near side. Glossary Basin A very large circular impact structure (usually comprising multiple concentric rings) that usually displays some degree of flooding with lava. The largest and most conspicuous lava- flooded basins on the Moon are found on the near side, and most are filled to their outer edges with mare basalts. -
Human Spatial Orientation Perceptions During Simulated Lunar Landing
Human Spatial Orientation Perceptions during Simulated Lunar Landing By Torin Kristofer Clark B.S. Aerospace Engineering University of Colorado at Boulder, 2008 SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS AT THE MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY June 2010 © 2010 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All rights reserved Signature of Author: ____________________________________________________________ Torin K. Clark Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics May 21, 2010 Certified by: ___________________________________________________________________ Laurence R. Young Apollo Program Professor of Astronautics Professor of Health Sciences and Technology Thesis Supervisor Certified by: ___________________________________________________________________ Kevin R. Duda Senior Member, Technical Staff, Draper Laboratory Thesis Supervisor Accepted by: __________________________________________________________________ Eytan H. Modiano Associate Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics Chair, Committee on Graduate Students 1 ABSTRACT During crewed lunar landings, astronauts are expected to guide a stable and controlled descent to a landing zone that is level and free of hazards by either making landing point (LP) redesignations or taking direct manual control. However, vestibular and visual sensorimotor limitations unique to lunar landing may interfere with landing performance and safety. Vehicle motion profiles of candidate -
Martian Crater Morphology
ANALYSIS OF THE DEPTH-DIAMETER RELATIONSHIP OF MARTIAN CRATERS A Capstone Experience Thesis Presented by Jared Howenstine Completion Date: May 2006 Approved By: Professor M. Darby Dyar, Astronomy Professor Christopher Condit, Geology Professor Judith Young, Astronomy Abstract Title: Analysis of the Depth-Diameter Relationship of Martian Craters Author: Jared Howenstine, Astronomy Approved By: Judith Young, Astronomy Approved By: M. Darby Dyar, Astronomy Approved By: Christopher Condit, Geology CE Type: Departmental Honors Project Using a gridded version of maritan topography with the computer program Gridview, this project studied the depth-diameter relationship of martian impact craters. The work encompasses 361 profiles of impacts with diameters larger than 15 kilometers and is a continuation of work that was started at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston, Texas under the guidance of Dr. Walter S. Keifer. Using the most ‘pristine,’ or deepest craters in the data a depth-diameter relationship was determined: d = 0.610D 0.327 , where d is the depth of the crater and D is the diameter of the crater, both in kilometers. This relationship can then be used to estimate the theoretical depth of any impact radius, and therefore can be used to estimate the pristine shape of the crater. With a depth-diameter ratio for a particular crater, the measured depth can then be compared to this theoretical value and an estimate of the amount of material within the crater, or fill, can then be calculated. The data includes 140 named impact craters, 3 basins, and 218 other impacts. The named data encompasses all named impact structures of greater than 100 kilometers in diameter. -
Edward Mills Purcell (1912–1997)
ARTICLE-IN-A-BOX Edward Mills Purcell (1912–1997) Edward Purcell grew up in a small town in the state of Illinois, USA. The telephone equipment which his father worked with professionally was an early inspiration. His first degree was thus in electrical engineering, from Purdue University in 1933. But it was in this period that he realized his true calling – physics. After a year in Germany – almost mandatory then for a young American interested in physics! – he enrolled in Harvard for a physics degree. His thesis quickly led to working on the Harvard cyclotron, building a feedback system to keep the radio frequency tuned to the right value for maximum acceleration. The story of how the Manhattan project brought together many of the best physicists to build the atom bomb has been told many times. Not so well-known but equally fascinating is the story of radar, first in Britain and then in the US. The MIT radiation laboratory was charged with developing better and better radar for use against enemy aircraft, which meant going to shorter and shorter wavelengths and detecting progressively weaker signals. This seems to have been a crucial formative period in Purcell’s life. His coauthors on the magnetic resonance paper, Torrey and Pound, were both from this lab. I I Rabi, the physicist who won the 1944 Nobel Prize for measuring nuclear magnetic moments by resonance methods in molecular beams, was the head of the lab and a major influence on Purcell. Interestingly, Felix Bloch (see article on p.956 in this issue) was at the nearby Radio Research lab but it appears that the two did not interact much. -
UC Irvine UC Irvine Previously Published Works
UC Irvine UC Irvine Previously Published Works Title Astrophysics in 2006 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5760h9v8 Journal Space Science Reviews, 132(1) ISSN 0038-6308 Authors Trimble, V Aschwanden, MJ Hansen, CJ Publication Date 2007-09-01 DOI 10.1007/s11214-007-9224-0 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 4.0 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Space Sci Rev (2007) 132: 1–182 DOI 10.1007/s11214-007-9224-0 Astrophysics in 2006 Virginia Trimble · Markus J. Aschwanden · Carl J. Hansen Received: 11 May 2007 / Accepted: 24 May 2007 / Published online: 23 October 2007 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007 Abstract The fastest pulsar and the slowest nova; the oldest galaxies and the youngest stars; the weirdest life forms and the commonest dwarfs; the highest energy particles and the lowest energy photons. These were some of the extremes of Astrophysics 2006. We attempt also to bring you updates on things of which there is currently only one (habitable planets, the Sun, and the Universe) and others of which there are always many, like meteors and molecules, black holes and binaries. Keywords Cosmology: general · Galaxies: general · ISM: general · Stars: general · Sun: general · Planets and satellites: general · Astrobiology · Star clusters · Binary stars · Clusters of galaxies · Gamma-ray bursts · Milky Way · Earth · Active galaxies · Supernovae 1 Introduction Astrophysics in 2006 modifies a long tradition by moving to a new journal, which you hold in your (real or virtual) hands. The fifteen previous articles in the series are referenced oc- casionally as Ap91 to Ap05 below and appeared in volumes 104–118 of Publications of V. -
I. I. Rabi Papers [Finding Aid]. Library of Congress. [PDF Rendered Tue Apr
I. I. Rabi Papers A Finding Aid to the Collection in the Library of Congress Manuscript Division, Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 1992 Revised 2010 March Contact information: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/mss.contact Additional search options available at: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/eadmss.ms998009 LC Online Catalog record: http://lccn.loc.gov/mm89076467 Prepared by Joseph Sullivan with the assistance of Kathleen A. Kelly and John R. Monagle Collection Summary Title: I. I. Rabi Papers Span Dates: 1899-1989 Bulk Dates: (bulk 1945-1968) ID No.: MSS76467 Creator: Rabi, I. I. (Isador Isaac), 1898- Extent: 41,500 items ; 105 cartons plus 1 oversize plus 4 classified ; 42 linear feet Language: Collection material in English Location: Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Summary: Physicist and educator. The collection documents Rabi's research in physics, particularly in the fields of radar and nuclear energy, leading to the development of lasers, atomic clocks, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to his 1944 Nobel Prize in physics; his work as a consultant to the atomic bomb project at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory and as an advisor on science policy to the United States government, the United Nations, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization during and after World War II; and his studies, research, and professorships in physics chiefly at Columbia University and also at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Selected Search Terms The following terms have been used to index the description of this collection in the Library's online catalog. They are grouped by name of person or organization, by subject or location, and by occupation and listed alphabetically therein. -
Neutron Scattering
Neutron Scattering Basic properties of neutron and electron neutron electron −27 −31 mass mkn =×1.675 10 g mke =×9.109 10 g charge 0 e spin s = ½ s = ½ −e= −e= magnetic dipole moment µnn= gs with gn = 3.826 µee= gs with ge = 2.0 2mn 2me =22k 2π =22k Ek== E = 2m λ 2m energy n e 81.81 150.26 Em[]eV = 2 Ee[]V = 2 λ ⎣⎡Å⎦⎤ λ ⎣⎦⎡⎤Å interaction with matter: Coulomb interaction — 9 strong-force interaction 9 — magnetic dipole-dipole 9 9 interaction Several salient features are apparent from this table: – electrons are charged and experience strong, long-range Coulomb interactions in a solid. They therefore typically only penetrate a few atomic layers into the solid. Electron scattering is therefore a surface-sensitive probe. Neutrons are uncharged and do not experience Coulomb interaction. The strong-force interaction is naturally strong but very short-range, and the magnetic interaction is long-range but weak. Neutrons therefore penetrate deeply into most materials, so that neutron scattering is a bulk probe. – Electrons with wavelengths comparable to interatomic distances (λ ~2Å ) have energies of several tens of electron volts, comparable to energies of plasmons and interband transitions in solids. Electron scattering is therefore well suited as a probe of these high-energy excitations. Neutrons with λ ~2Å have energies of several tens of meV , comparable to the thermal energies kTB at room temperature. These so-called “thermal neutrons” are excellent probes of low-energy excitations such as lattice vibrations and spin waves with energies in the meV range.