DOCSLIB.ORG

Geology and Petrology of the Logan Intrusives of the Hungry Jack Lake Quadrangle, Cook County, Minnesota

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Geology and Petrology of the Logan Intrusives of the Hungry Jack Lake Quadrangle, Cook County, Minnesota Geology and petrology of the Logan intrusives of the Hungry Jack Lake Quadrangle, Cook County, Minnesota Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic); maps Authors Mathez, Edmond Albigese, 1946- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 04/10/2021 03:37:21 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/557306 GEOLOGY AND PETROLOGY OF THE LOGAN INTRUSIVES OF THE HUNGRY JACK LAKE QUADRANGLE COOK COUNTY, MINNESOTA by Edmond Albigese Mathez A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF GEOSCIENCES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE WITH A MAJOR IN GEOLOGY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 19 7 1 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of re­ quirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judg­ ment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholar­ ship. In all other instances , however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis h s b^fen approved on the date shown below: i t / 9 7 / BERT E. NORDLIE Date Associate Professor of Geosciences ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This writer is indebted to Dr. Bert Nordlie, his thesis advisor, for his inspiration and valuable suggestions during preparation of this manuscript; to Drs . Evans Mayo and Paul Damon for their review of this study; to Dr. Paul Weiblen of the University of Minnesota for his patient help with the electron microprobe; and to Dr. Glen Morey of the Minnesota Geological Survey for our helpful discussions during field work. Grateful thanks is expressed to J. Huss, R. Mathez, J. Howard, and Brutus for their assistance in the field. Financial support provided by the Minnesota Geological Survey and by The University of Arizona is gratefully acknowledged. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS . z ' - Page LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS „ . „ . vi LIST OF TABLES ..... ........ ix ABSTRACT. ............ ....... x INTRODUCTION . .. ....... 1 Purpose and Scope of Study . ....... 1 Methods of Study . ... ..... 3 Previous Work . , . 3 Extent and Definition of the Logan Intrusives . 4 Physiography . .... ... 5 Field Conditions and Accessibility . 7 . REGIONAL GEOLOGY ............ ... 8 GEOLOGY OF THE HUNGRY JACK LAKE QUADRANGLE . 11 Rock Types . ... ..... ..... .... 11 Rove Formation . ......... „ 11 Logan Intrusives . , . , ... 14 Duluth Complex ........ ... 15 Structural Relations of the Logan and Country Rock . 16 Dominant Structural Patterns. .. ..... 17 Subordinate Structural Patterns. ..... ... 22 Anomalous Intrusive Forms . ....... 25 Structural Elements . ..... ....... 29 Basal Contact of the Duluth Complex . , . „ . 31 Field Relations . ..... ..... 31 The Contact Unit. .; . 33 Pleistocene Geology ............ ./..... 37 LOGAN DIABASES. .... ..... 40 Determinative andField Methods. 40 Petrography ..... ^ . 41 Chilled Margins . 41 Diabase . ... ... ... 43 Porphyry Zones .... ........ , 48 Anorthosite Inclusions . 52 Granophyre .................... 54 iv V TABLE OF CONTENTS—Continued Page Mineralogy . .... «. ... ... .57 Pyroxene . .. ........ 57 Plagioclase .................... 61 Opaque Oxides . .- 62 Quartz and Potassium Feldspar. ........... 65 Alteration Products ................................. 6 6 Chem istry. 69 PETROLOGY ....... ... 71 The Porphyry Zones. .................. 71 G rout- 8 chwartz Hypothesis ............. 71 Calculation of Densities ........................ .... ... 72 Discussion of Density Data . , . '. 75 Nature of the Magma at the Time of Emplacement . 80 Observations Pertinent to Petrogenesis ........ 80 Evaluation of the. Flotation Hypothesis . .... 81 Other Mechanisms . ............ 83 Proposed Mechanism ....................... 8 6 Crystallization ............................ 87 Iron-titanium Oxides ................ 87 Poikilitic Pyroxene in Plagioclase .......... 8 8 Paragenesis . ..... ..................... 89 Alkali Enrichment ................. 92 W ater Content of the Rose Lake L i q u i d ........................ 94 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. ................................. 96 APPENDIX: MODES OF ROSE LAKE DIABASES .... 99 REFERENCES. ....................... 106 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1.„ Index and Generalized Geologic Map of Cook County, Minnesota . .... „ „ .. 2 2. Well-developed Saw-tooth Topography of the Rove-Logan Belt „ . ............................ 6 3. Linear East-west Lakes of the Rove-Logan Belt ..... 6 4. Index Map of a Portion of the Hungry Jack Lake Quadrangle Showing Lake and Section Locations . 12 . 5. Bedrock Geology of the Hungry Jack Lake Quadrangle, Cook County, Minnesota . in pocket 6 . Thin-bedded Graywackes of the Rove Formation Cropping Out below a Massive Diabase Sill. ..... 13 7 . Massive Graywacke Unit of the Rove Formation ..... 13 8 . Three Interpretations Allowed from Similar Outcrop Patterns ................ 18 9. The Flat Roof of a Sill ........................ 20 10. Perspective Diagram and Sketch of the Present Land Surface at Rose Lake . , . .... 23 11.' Perspective Diagram and Sketch of the Present Land Surface of an Area between Clearwater and Daniels Lakes . ............... 24 12. Correlated Cross Sections of Part of the Hungry Jack Lake Quadrangle ............ in pocket 13. The Daniels Lake Structure . ........................ 28 14. Contorted Rove Strata near the Roof of a Sill ...... 28 15. Contour Diagram of 126 Joints and Shear Zones Plotted on a Lower Hemisphere Schmidt N et .................... 32 16. A Sharp Contact between Anorthositic Gabbro of the Duluth Complex and a Gneissic Hornfels after Rove Rocks ................ 34 • v ii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS—Continued Figure Page 17. A Partially Rotated Concretion in Metamorphosed Rove . 34 18. Photomicrograph Showing Two Generations of Plagioclase Characteristic of the Contact Unit . 36 19 . Map of the Hungry Jack Lake Quadrangle Showing the Distribution of Glacial Materials (shaded) . 38 20. A Cross Section of the Wampus Lake Esker at the East End of Bearskin L a k e ........................................... 39 21. Photomicrograph of the Chilled Zone Illustrating Its Radial Texture ................................................ 42 22. Photomicrograph of Plagioclase Poikilitically Enclosing Augite (high relief) . .................... ......... 42 23. Schematic Textural Stratigraphy of the Rose Lake Sills . „ . ..... 45 24. Modal Variations of the Diabase of Sill "A" at Rose Lake ......................................... 46 25. Modal Variations of the Diabase of Sill "B" at Rose Lake .................. 47 26. Photomicrograph of Granophyrically Inter grown Quartz and Orthoclase Surrounding a Euhedral Plagioclase . 49 27. The Sharp Contact of the Diabase Porphyry Zone and Diabase above It, Sill "A" .......... 51 28. Anorthosite Inclusion (white) Embedded in the Chilled Roof of the Moss Lake Intrusion ............................. 53 29 . Photomicrograph Illustrating the Typical Flower-petal Texture of Granophyre ........ 55 30. An Angular Block of Fine-grained Diabase Included in Granophyre. ............. 56 31. Pyroxene Compositions of Rose Lake Sill "A" as Determined with the Electron Microprobe.. .... 58 3.2. Compositional Variation of Plagioclase and Pyroxene through Sill "A" as Determined with the Electron Microprobe ........... 59 v iii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS—Continued Figure Page 33 . Photomicrograph of the Undulatory of Hourglass Extinction Typical of Many Pyroxenes from the Rose Lake Sills . „ . .... 60 34. Traverses across Zoned Outer Segments of Plagio- clase Phenocrysts from the Porphyry Zones ..... 63 35. Photomicrographs of Skeletal Iron-titanium Oxide Minerals . „ . .... 64 36. Photomicrograph of Circumferential Sericite Zone , (light) Surrounded by a Recrystallized Armor, of Sodic Plagioclase (at extinction) of a Plagioclase Phenocryst of the Porphyry Zone of Sill "A" ..... 67 37. Photomicrograph of an Alteration Patch ......... 67, 38. A Comparison of Densities of Various Mafic Liquids and Plagioclase in the Range AngQ-gQ at Elevated Temperatures ......... 73 39. Calculated Densities of Plagioclases at Various Temperatures . „ . „ 76 40. Phase Relations of the System CaAl 2 Si2 0 g- Mg2Si04-Fe3 0 4 - 8 1 6 2 in the Plane 50 Weight PercentCaAl2Si20g at PO 2 = 10""0 .7 ^ m ...... 90 41. An Irregular Surface of Liquid Compositions Saturated with Anorthite and 6 ne or More Other Crystalline Phases Projected onto a Plane . 91 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Precambrian Stratigraphy and Chronology of Rocks of Cook County, Minnesota, and Nearby Regions . 10 2. Chemistry of the Rose Lake Diabase and Some Diabases of Northeastern Minnesota and Neighboring Ontario ......... ... ... 70 3. Chemical Compositions of the Rocks of Figure 38 .... 74 4. Estimated Water Content of the Rose Lake Liquid, in Weight Percent ....................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Timeline of Natural History
    Timeline of natural history This timeline of natural history summarizes significant geological and Life timeline Ice Ages biological events from the formation of the 0 — Primates Quater nary Flowers ←Earliest apes Earth to the arrival of modern humans. P Birds h Mammals – Plants Dinosaurs Times are listed in millions of years, or Karo o a n ← Andean Tetrapoda megaanni (Ma). -50 0 — e Arthropods Molluscs r ←Cambrian explosion o ← Cryoge nian Ediacara biota – z ←Earliest animals o ←Earliest plants i Multicellular -1000 — c Contents life ←Sexual reproduction Dating of the Geologic record – P r The earliest Solar System -1500 — o t Precambrian Supereon – e r Eukaryotes Hadean Eon o -2000 — z o Archean Eon i Huron ian – c Eoarchean Era ←Oxygen crisis Paleoarchean Era -2500 — ←Atmospheric oxygen Mesoarchean Era – Photosynthesis Neoarchean Era Pong ola Proterozoic Eon -3000 — A r Paleoproterozoic Era c – h Siderian Period e a Rhyacian Period -3500 — n ←Earliest oxygen Orosirian Period Single-celled – life Statherian Period -4000 — ←Earliest life Mesoproterozoic Era H Calymmian Period a water – d e Ectasian Period a ←Earliest water Stenian Period -4500 — n ←Earth (−4540) (million years ago) Clickable Neoproterozoic Era ( Tonian Period Cryogenian Period Ediacaran Period Phanerozoic Eon Paleozoic Era Cambrian Period Ordovician Period Silurian Period Devonian Period Carboniferous Period Permian Period Mesozoic Era Triassic Period Jurassic Period Cretaceous Period Cenozoic Era Paleogene Period Neogene Period Quaternary Period Etymology of period names References See also External links Dating of the Geologic record The Geologic record is the strata (layers) of rock in the planet's crust and the science of geology is much concerned with the age and origin of all rocks to determine the history and formation of Earth and to understand the forces that have acted upon it.
    [Show full text]
  • Voyageurs National Park Geologic Resource Evaluation Report
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Program Center Voyageurs National Park Geologic Resource Evaluation Report Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/GRD/NRR—2007/007 THIS PAGE: A geologist highlights a geologic contact during a Geologic Resource Evaluation scoping field trip at Voyageurs NP, MN ON THE COVER: Aerial view of Voyageurs NP, MN NPS Photos Voyageurs National Park Geologic Resource Evaluation Report Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/GRD/NRR—2007/007 Geologic Resources Division Natural Resource Program Center P.O. Box 25287 Denver, Colorado 80225 June 2007 U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, D.C. The Natural Resource Publication series addresses natural resource topics that are of interest and applicability to a broad readership in the National Park Service and to others in the management of natural resources, including the scientific community, the public, and the NPS conservation and environmental constituencies. Manuscripts are peer- reviewed to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and is designed and published in a professional manner. Natural Resource Reports are the designated medium for disseminating high priority, current natural resource management information with managerial application. The series targets a general, diverse audience, and may contain NPS policy considerations or address sensitive issues of management applicability. Examples of the diverse array of reports published in this series include vital signs monitoring plans; "how to" resource management papers; proceedings of resource management workshops or conferences; annual reports of resource programs or divisions of the Natural Resource Program Center; resource action plans; fact sheets; and regularly- published newsletters.
    [Show full text]
  • Crystal Size Distribution of Saganaga Tonalite, MN
    Crystal Size Distribution of Saganaga Tonalite, MN ALEXANDER REIMERS PETROLOGY PROJECT 2018 Regional Setting Saganaga Tonalite is situated to the north plex of the Duluth com within the Archean Superior Craton Named aer Saganaga Lake Archean in Age: ~2700 ± 50 m.y.a ◦ Rb-­‐Sr, K-­‐Ar, and U-­‐Pb dang methods were used Originated from the Algoman Orogeny (Kenoran Orogeny in Canada) before the Mid-­‐conNnental ri Saganaga Tonalite Map of!8chean terranes of Minnesota Map: usgeologymorphology.com Saganaga Tonalite Extent (USA) Algoman Orogeny Repeate. episo.es of Late Archean conNnental collisions, compressions, an. sub.ucNons Saganaga Tonalite Homogenous, composite Intrusive bo.y Intru.es Greenstone an. Northern Light Gneiss an. overlain by metase.imentary rocks of Knife Lake Group PHanson,1962) Composion ◦ Felsic ◦ 20I60Y Zuartz ◦ 50I90Y Plagioclase POligoclase or An.esine) ◦ <10Y Alkali Fel.spar Mineral Approximation Sample Plagioclase PY) KIspar PY) Zuartz PY) Other PY) 55 5 35 5 ACR1_ I 1 Saganaga Tonalite 65 5 25 5 ACR1_ I 2 65 0 30 5 ACR1_ I 3 61.67 3.33 30.00 5.00 Average • Mineral Appro6imaons were made via petrographic microscope for three .iaerent thin secons. • Average mineral percentage for the bulk rock sample is shown. Guiding Question 2etermine if the cooling rate of the Saganaga Tonalite can be esNmate. base. on 2I2 crystal size .istribuNon of Plagioclase Methods Pro.uce. 3 thin secNons Analyze. general mineral composiNon an. i.enNbe. Plagioclase crystals Import image, taken on 2r. Tackecds microscope, of thin secNons into an image analysis so;ware PDigimizer) for crystal size .istribuNon analysis Photo courtesy of Eidukat 2r.
    [Show full text]
  • Pipestone National Monument Geologic Resources Inventory Report
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Pipestone National Monument Geologic Resources Inventory Report Natural Resource Report NPS/NRSS/GRD/NRR—2017/1512 George Catlin wrote of his journey to Pipestone: “For many miles we had the Coteau in view in the distance before us, which looked like a blue cloud settling down in the horizon . On the very top of this mound or ridge, we found the far-famed quarry or fountain of the Red Pipe, which is truly an anomaly in nature. The principal and most striking feature of this place, is a perpendicular wall of close-grained, compact quartz, of twenty-five and thirty feet in elevation, running nearly North and South with its face to the West, exhibiting a front of nearly two miles in length, when it disappears at both ends by running under the prairie . At the base of this wall there is a level prairie, of half a mile in width, running parallel to it; in any and all parts of which, the Indians procure the red stone for their pipes, by digging through the soil and several slaty layers of the red stone, to the depth of four or five feet. From the very numerous marks of ancient and modern diggings or excavations, it would appear that this place has been for many centuries resorted to for the red stone; and from the great number of graves and remains of ancient fortifications in its vicinity, it would seem, as well as from their actual traditions, that the Indian tribes have long held this place in high superstitious estimation; and also that it has been the resort of different tribes, who have made their regular pilgrimages here to renew their pipes.” (Quote from the Smithsonian website below, citing Truettner 1979 and Gurney and Heyman 2002) ON THE COVER George Catlin’s 1836 painting Pipestone Quarry on the Coteau des Prairies.
    [Show full text]
  • To the Minnesota Regional Copper-Nickel Study
    This document is made available electronically by the Minnesota Legislative Reference Library as part of an ongoing digital archiving project. http://www.leg.state.mn.us/lrl/lrl.asp INDEX TO THE MINNESOTA REGIONAL COPPER-NICKEL STUDY Prepared by: Susan M. Tertell Environmental Conservation Library Minneapolis Public Library and Information Center 300 Nicollet Mall Minneapolis, Minnesota' 55401 November 24, 1980 CONTENTS Introduction i Report Organization if Subject Index 1 Author Index 68 Abbreviations 72 INTRODUCTION The Minnesota Regional Copper-Nickel Study is a comprehensive examination of the potential cumulative environmental, social and economic impacts of copper-nickel development in northeastern Minnesota. It was conducted from 1976 through 1978 by a special study team assembled by the Minnesota Environmental Quality Board. Funding for the study was provided by the Legislative Commission on Minnesota Resources. This index is intended to be a guide to this wide-ranging and detailed study, which encompasses approximately 3,790 pages in 5 volumes totalling 36 chapters. The index is detailed and comprehen­ sive. Efforts have been made to standardize terminology where this is possible, and there are liberal cross-references. The reader also is encouraged to make use of the tables of contents included in each of the chapters, since these show more readily the hierarchical organization of the subject areas covered in the study. Each chapter of volumes 2-5 was published separately, with sep­ arate paging. For this reason each index entry
    [Show full text]
  • U-Pb Detrital Zircon Provenance of the Proterozoic Nopeming and Puckwunge Formations Northeastern Minnesota
    Walker, E. 2006. 19th Annual Keck Symposium; http://keck.wooster.edu/publications U-PB DETRITAL ZIRCON PROVENANCE OF THE PROTEROZOIC NOPEMING AND PUCKWUNGE FORMATIONS NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA ERIN WALKER Allegheny College Sponsor: Robert Schwartz INTRODUCTION The Puckwunge sandstone is compositionally The Puckwunge and Nopeming Formations mature consisting of 89% quartz, and displays are quartzose sandstones that are believed to moderate textural maturity. Many of the be correlated. Determination of paleoflow is quartz grains contained overgrowths and were very limited due to the paucity of the exposures undulatory monocrystalline grains in close in Minnesota. There is question as to whether contact. Zircon, hair-like rutile needles, minor or not the formations are correlative due to amounts of apatite and titanite are also present the opposing directions of the paleocurrent, in the sample. but further investigation has led to the belief that the two formations are indeed correlative Four radiometric age populations arise from (Ojakangas and Morey, 1982). the 87 concordant grains when the results are analyzed in 25 Ma bins and range from 1.8-2.0 The Puckwunge, Nopeming and Bessemer Ga, 2.6-2.8 Ga, 3.0 Ga, and 3.2-2.4 Ga (Fig. Formations are quartz sandstones exposed in 1). Subpopulations can be organized and are Minnesota and Michigan along the margin of consistent with orogenic, thermal or some sort the Keweenawan rift igneous-tectonic province of tectonic event. Paleoflow data as gathered (1.1-1.06 Ga), and unconformably overly the by Mattis (1972, unpublished) has only local oldest and lowest basalt flows. The basalts significance and indicates the paleocurrent to contain pillows and the sands are distinguished the southeast with readings to the northwest and as inter-pillow fill suggesting they were southwest.
    [Show full text]
  • Annotated Bibliography of the Timiskaming Supracrustal Rocks of Ontairo
    ISBN 0-7778-1473-0 THESE TERMS GOVERN YOUR USE OF THIS DOCUMENT Your use of this Ontario Geological Survey document (the “Content”) is governed by the terms set out on this page (“Terms of Use”). By downloading this Content, you (the “User”) have accepted, and have agreed to be bound by, the Terms of Use. Content: This Content is offered by the Province of Ontario’s Ministry of Northern Development and Mines (MNDM) as a public service, on an “as-is” basis. Recommendations and statements of opinion expressed in the Content are those of the author or authors and are not to be construed as statement of government policy. You are solely responsible for your use of the Content. You should not rely on the Content for legal advice nor as authoritative in your particular circumstances. Users should verify the accuracy and applicability of any Content before acting on it. MNDM does not guarantee, or make any warranty express or implied, that the Content is current, accurate, complete or reliable. MNDM is not responsible for any damage however caused, which results, directly or indirectly, from your use of the Content. MNDM assumes no legal liability or responsibility for the Content whatsoever. Links to Other Web Sites: This Content may contain links, to Web sites that are not operated by MNDM. Linked Web sites may not be available in French. MNDM neither endorses nor assumes any responsibility for the safety, accuracy or availability of linked Web sites or the information contained on them. The linked Web sites, their operation and content are the responsibility of the person or entity for which they were created or maintained (the “Owner”).
    [Show full text]
  • Geophysical Abstracts 163 October- December 1955
    Geophysical Abstracts 163 October- December 1955 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1033-D Geophysical Abstracts October- December 1955 , By MARY C. RABBITT, DOROTHY B. VITALIANO, S. T. VESSELOWSKY, and others GEOLOGICAL 8<>U> .R^V.-SfY-' .8R4ft'I?L ETIN 1033-D Abstracts of current literature pertaining to the physics of the solid earth and to geophysical exploration UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1956 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Douglas McKay, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washing­ ton 25, D. C. - Price 25 cents (single copy). Subscription price: $1.00 a year; 35 cents additional for foreign mailing. The printing of this publication has been approved by the Director of the Bureau of the Budget, May 20, 1954. CONTENTS Page General information ______ _______ ____________________-----_--__-___- 211 List of journals___-_________-______-___-__-_____-----_---_---_- 211 Gravity. __________________________________________ 213 General and theoretical papers._______________________ _____ 213 Methods of analysis and interpretation___________________________ 213 Observations of gravity and gravity surveys ________________ ___- 215 Magnetism. ______________________________________________________ 218 Magnetic field of the earth________________________-_-_--_--_-- 218 Magnetic properties of rocks and minerals____________--__-__----_ 220 Instruments and methods of observation _________________________ 226 Magnetic observations and surveys.______________________ _____ 226 Electricity_______________________________________ 229 General and theoretical studies-__________________--_-_-_--_-___- 229 Electrical properties of rocks and minerals._______________________ 229 Instruments and methods of observation_________________________ 230 Methods of analysis and interpretation.__________________________ . 230 Electrical surveys___________-________________-_____---_----- 232 Seismology. ________________________________________________ 233 General.
    [Show full text]
  • Voyageurs National Park Geologic Resource Evaluation Report
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Program Center Voyageurs National Park Geologic Resource Evaluation Report Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/GRD/NRR—2007/007 THIS PAGE: A geologist highlights a geologic contact during a Geologic Resource Evaluation scoping field trip at Voyageurs NP, MN ON THE COVER: Aerial view of Voyageurs NP, MN NPS Photos Voyageurs National Park Geologic Resource Evaluation Report Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/GRD/NRR—2007/007 Geologic Resources Division Natural Resource Program Center P.O. Box 25287 Denver, Colorado 80225 June 2007 U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, D.C. The Natural Resource Publication series addresses natural resource topics that are of interest and applicability to a broad readership in the National Park Service and to others in the management of natural resources, including the scientific community, the public, and the NPS conservation and environmental constituencies. Manuscripts are peer- reviewed to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and is designed and published in a professional manner. Natural Resource Reports are the designated medium for disseminating high priority, current natural resource management information with managerial application. The series targets a general, diverse audience, and may contain NPS policy considerations or address sensitive issues of management applicability. Examples of the diverse array of reports published in this series include vital signs monitoring plans; "how to" resource management papers; proceedings of resource management workshops or conferences; annual reports of resource programs or divisions of the Natural Resource Program Center; resource action plans; fact sheets; and regularly- published newsletters.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstract Table of Contents
    Geology and Precious Metal Mineralization shear zones and banded iron formation. The dominant gangue mineral in the veins is quartz, typically with of the Fire Center and Holyoke Mines Area, minor amounts of sericite and carbonate. Locally, Marquette County, Michigan sericite and chlorite are present in major amounts. The main sulfide mineral is pyrite, with local high by concentrations of galena and sphalerite, and minor E. O. Owens and T. J. Bornhorst chalcopyrite. Gold and silver analyses yielded 1985 anomalous values for both metals in several samples. Additional sampling should be taken to further evaluate Michigan Geological Survey the economic potential of this area. Open File Report OFR-85-2 TABLE OF CONTENTS This report is preliminary and has not been edited or Abstract..............................................................................1 reviewed for conformity with Geological Survey standards or nomenclature. Table of Contents...............................................................1 List of Figures ....................................................................2 List of Tables......................................................................2 ABSTRACT Introduction ........................................................................3 The bedrock geology of the Fire Center and Holyoke Location, Definition, and Accessibility ..................... 3 Mines area (about 3 km2) was mapped at a scale of Work Methods ......................................................... 3 1:2,400 during the summer of
    [Show full text]
  • Mercury (Hg) Mineral Evolution: a Mineralogical Record of Supercontinent Assembly, Changing Ocean Geochemistry, and the Emerging Terrestrial Biosphere
    American Mineralogist, Volume 97, pages 1013–1042, 2012 Mercury (Hg) mineral evolution: A mineralogical record of supercontinent assembly, changing ocean geochemistry, and the emerging terrestrial biosphere ROBERT M. HAZEN,1,* JOSHUA GOLDEN,2 ROBERT T. DOWNS,2 GRETHE HYSTAD,3 EDWARD S. GREW,4 DAVID AZZOLINI,5 AND DIMITRI A. SVERJENSKY1,5 1Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution, 5251 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, D.C. 20015, U.S.A. 2Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, 1040 East 4th Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0077, U.S.A. 3Department of Mathematics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0089, U.S.A. 4Department of Earth Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, U.S.A. 5Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, U.S.A. ABSTRACT Analyses of the temporal and geographic distribution of earliest recorded appearances of the 88 IMA-approved mercury minerals plus two potentially valid species exemplify principles of mineral evolution. Metacinnabar (HgS) and native Hg are the only two species reported from meteorites, specifically, the primitive H3 Tieschitz chondrite with an age of 4550 Ma. Since the first terrestrial appearance of cinnabar more than 3 billion years ago, mercury minerals have been present continu- ously at or near Earth’s surface. Mercury mineral evolution is characterized by episodic deposition and diversification, perhaps associated with the supercontinent cycle. We observe statistically significant increases in the number of reported Hg mineral localities and new Hg species at ~2.8–2.6, ~1.9–1.8, and ~0.43–0.25 Ga— intervals that correlate with episodes of presumed supercontinent assembly and associated orogenies of Kenorland (Superia), Columbia (Nuna), and Pangea, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology of Minnesota: a Centennial Volume
    . ~ ._S GEQLOGISCHE DJENSIJ' $:1 0 lOG J S C H 8 UR E A.tiI VOORHST " Jl' , . i ~ .' . MIJN(;ESIED ~ill~.1 -. i[ Ii '11 '. GEOLOGY OF MINNESOTA: A Centennial. Volume. P. K. Sims and G. B. Morey, editors Rijks Geologische Dienst Heer/en Bibliotheek 2252 GEOLOGY OF MINNESOTA: A CENTENNIAL VOLUME GEOLOGY OF MINNESOTA: A CENTENNIAL VOLUME In honor of George M. Schwartz P. K. Sims and G. B. Morey, editors Published by the Minnesota Geological Survey on the occasion of its 100th Anniversary 1972 Minnesota Geological Survey University of Minnesota 1633 Eustis St. St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 Printed in the United States of America TABLE OF CONTENTS Page. Preface ........................................................................................ Xl List of Authors ................................................................................. xii Contributors .................................................................................... xiii An Appreciation ................................................................................. xv CHAPTER I - RESUME OF GEOLOGY OF MINNESOTA - P. K. Sims and G. B. Morey ......... 3 Precambrian Era ..... , , .......... , .......................................................... 3 Paleozoic Era . ........... , .............................. , ................................... 13 Mesozoic Era 14 Cenozoic Era 15 CHAPTER II - HISTOR Y OF INVESTIGATIONS HISTORY OF GEOLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS - P.K. Sims ............................... 21 Pioneer Period .................. ........................................................
    [Show full text]