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Invasive Fish Management Handbook

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NEW ZEALAND Invasive Fish Management Handbook edited by Kevin J Collier & Natasha PJ Grainger NEW ZEALAND Invasive Fish Management Handbook edited by Kevin J Collier & Natasha PJ Grainger © 2015 LERNZ (The University of Waikato) and Department of Conservation All rights reserved. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any means without the prior written permission of the copyright holder. All photographs and diagrams remain the copyright of the credited organisation/ individuals, and may not be reproduced without their prior written permission. Edited by Kevin J Collier & Natasha PJ Grainger* Fish illustrations by Sonia Frimmel Cover illustration: Rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus) — motttive / shutterstock.com Design & layout by EOS Ecology / www.eosecology.co.nz ISBN Print 978-0-473-33071-2 / PDF 978-0-473-33072-9 SUGGESTED CITATION FOR PUBLICATION: Collier KJ & Grainger NPJ (eds) 2015. New Zealand Invasive Fish Management Handbook. Lake Ecosystem Restoration New Zealand (LERNZ; The University of Waikato) and Department of Conservation, Hamilton, New Zealand. 212 p. Acknowledgements This handbook reflects the efforts of many people, including students, technicians and field support staff. Their important contributions to the collective knowledge on invasive fish in New Zealand is gratefully acknowledged. Publication of the handbook was funded by the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment Freshwater Restoration Outcome Based Investment (UOWX0505) and the Department of Conservation. The editors thank Tracey Greenwood and Anna Paltridge for their efforts with sub- editing, Glen Stichbury for map drafting, and EOS Ecology for design and layout. Individual authors of the following sections acknowledge: 2.1 Bruno David, Lindsay Chadderton, Ingegerd Hannus and Glen Stichbury for their contributions. 3.1 Rissa Williams, Tim Riding, Jeannine Fischer, Rosemary Bird, Vicki Melville and Richard Fraser for their contributions. 3.2 Tracie Dean-Speirs who prepared the draft Department of Conservation Strategic Plan for Managing Invasive Freshwater Fish from which some of this information was drawn. 3.4 Brett Butland, Biosecurity Manager, Auckland Council, for valuable comments. 4.1 The knowledge and experience over 10 years work by current and past DOC staff and external researchers, which shows what is possible with commitment to achieving conservation outcomes despite technical and social challenges. 4.2 People closely associated with development of the Lake Waikare invasive fish demonstration site—Steve Scothern, Ross Jones, Dave Byers, Mark Hamer, Holly Molesworth, Iain McKinnon, Callum Bourke, Dean Saunders, Leigh Thwaites, Darren Jones, Waahi Whanui Trust, Genesis Energy and the Waikato River Authority. 4.4 Jeroen Brijs, Dudley Bell, Warrick Powrie, Ray Tana, Toni Johnston, Jasmine Whanga and a number of students for technical assistance. The projects were funded by Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (UOWX0505), Department of Conservation and Waikato Regional Council. 5.1 Numerous staff working on the Carp Management Program over the past 20 years contributing to the enormous and persistent effort required to eradicate carp from Tasmania. This article is dedicated in particular to Paul Donkers, who passed away in 2014 and whose contribution has been invaluable. Funding support was provided by Government of Tasmania, Commonwealth Government of Australia (Caring for our Country and FRDC) and Invasive Animal CRC. Acknowledgements i 5.2 Kevin Hutchinson, John Gumbley, Aareka Hopkins, Dudley Bell, Claire Taylor, Brennan Mahoney, Warrick Powrie, Ray Tana, Julie Goldsbury, Bernard Simmonds, Joshua de Villiers, Max Wauthy, Joanne Faber, Duncan Law, Jennifer Blair, Rebecca Eivers, Glen Stichbury, Wendy Paul, Mat Allen, Ashley Webby, Jeremy Garrett-Walker, Alex Eppinger, Kate Pepper, Alicia Catlin, David Hamilton, Brendan Hicks, Kevin Tapp, Matt Peacock and Gram Bower. This study was funded by Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (UOWX0505) and the New Zealand Department of Conservation. 5.3 All the DOC staff involved in this programme since 2000, and David West and Alastair Fairweather who have helped provide support and overview to the programme. 5.4 Mary de Winton, Natasha Grainger, Amy McDonald, Asaeli Tulagi and Mike Lake in compiling this case study. 5.5 Funding from Auckland Council’s Biosecurity Department and Research, Investigations and Monitoring Unit. We are grateful to the great number of volunteers who helped with the programme, in particular the less than pleasant task of processing dead fish. 6.2 Dudley Bell, Warrick Powrie, Ray Tana, Jasmine Whanga and a number of students for technical assistance. The projects were funded by the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (UOWX0505), Department of Conservation and Waikato Regional Council. 6.3 Jeroen Brijs, Dudley Bell, Warrick Powrie, Ray Tana and assorted students for technical assistance. Mark Jones of the School of Engineering, The University of Waikato, modelled the boat electrofishing field. The projects were funded by the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (UOWX0505), and the Faculty of Science and Engineering at The University of Waikato. 7.1 Glen Stichbury and Thomas Wilding for their contributions. Modelling work was funded by the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (UOWX0505). 7.2 Professor Brendan Hicks, Dr Mairi Jay, Dr Ian Duggan, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences Human Research Ethics Committee, all individual participants and organisations involved in the research, and members of the New Zealand coarse fishing forum (especially Simon, the administrator). Funding was provided by the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (UOWX0505), The University of Waikato Masters Research Scholarship, BRCSS Masters Research Award, Hilary Jolly Memorial Scholarship, and Julia Sandford Scholarship. ii New Zealand Invasive Fish Management Handbook Contents Foreword ............................................................................................................1 1. Introduction to Invasive Fish .................................................................................3 2. Invasive Fish Species and Communities in New Zealand ..................................................7 2.1 New Zealand Invasive Fish Species ........................................................................ 8 2.2 Invasive Fish Community Impacts ........................................................................23 3. Statutory Responsibilities for Invasive Fish Management .............................................. 29 3.1 Statutory Responsibilities: Ministry for Primary Industries Perspective ............................30 3.2 Statutory Responsibilities: Department of Conservation Perspective ...............................36 3.3 Statutory Responsibilities: Auckland/Waikato Fish & Game Council Perspective .................41 3.4 Statutory Responsibilities: Regional Council Perspective .............................................43 3.5 Statutory Responsibilities: Waikato-Tainui Perspective ...............................................49 4. Control and Eradication of Invasive Fish .................................................................. 53 4.1 Piscicides and Drainage for Management of Invasive Fish ............................................54 4.2 Tools for Drafting, Counting and Trapping Invasive Fish ..............................................60 4.3 Role of Screens and Barriers for Management of Invasive Fish ......................................67 4.4 Use of Electrofishing for Capturing Invasive Fish .......................................................72 5. Invasive Fish Control Case Studies ......................................................................... 81 5.1 Managing and Eradicating Carp: A Tasmanian Experience ............................................82 5.2 Removal of Invasive Fish and Exclusion of Koi Carp from Lake Ohinewai ..........................90 5.3 Control of Invasive Fish Incursions in the Northern South Island ....................................95 5.4 Effects of Rudd Control in Rotopiko (Serpentine) Lakes ............................................ 100 5.5 Control of Perch in Lake Wainamu ..................................................................... 105 6. Surveillance, Inventory and Monitoring ..................................................................111 6.1 Department of Conservation Invasive Fish Monitoring Tools ........................................ 112 6.2 Biomass Estimation of Invasive Fish .................................................................... 116 6.3 Costs and Effectiveness of Different Methods for Capturing Invasive Fish ....................... 123 6.4 Molecular Genetic Techniques for Detecting Invasive Fish ......................................... 133 Continued over page... Contents iii 7. Determining and Managing Invasion Risk ................................................................137 7.1 Determining Invasion Risk for Non-indigenous Fish .................................................. 138 7.2 Perceptions of Recreational Fishers (Coarse Anglers) and Freshwater Managers ............... 149 7.3 Invasive Fish Advocacy ................................................................................... 154 7.4 Raising Public Awareness of Invasive Fish ............................................................
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