Door County Fact Sheet
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The Lake Michigan Natural Division Characteristics
The Lake Michigan Natural Division Characteristics Lake Michigan is a dynamic deepwater oligotrophic ecosystem that supports a diverse mix of native and non-native species. Although the watershed, wetlands, and tributaries that drain into the open waters are comprised of a wide variety of habitat types critical to supporting its diverse biological community this section will focus on the open water component of this system. Watershed, wetland, and tributaries issues will be addressed in the Northeastern Morainal Natural Division section. Species diversity, as well as their abundance and distribution, are influenced by a combination of biotic and abiotic factors that define a variety of open water habitat types. Key abiotic factors are depth, temperature, currents, and substrate. Biotic activities, such as increased water clarity associated with zebra mussel filtering activity, also are critical components. Nearshore areas support a diverse fish fauna in which yellow perch, rockbass and smallmouth bass are the more commonly found species in Illinois waters. Largemouth bass, rockbass, and yellow perch are commonly found within boat harbors. A predator-prey complex consisting of five salmonid species and primarily alewives populate the pelagic zone while bloater chubs, sculpin species, and burbot populate the deepwater benthic zone. Challenges Invasive species, substrate loss, and changes in current flow patterns are factors that affect open water habitat. Construction of revetments, groins, and landfills has significantly altered the Illinois shoreline resulting in an immeasurable loss of spawning and nursery habitat. Sea lampreys and alewives were significant factors leading to the demise of lake trout and other native species by the early 1960s. -
AN OVERVIEW of the GEOLOGY of the GREAT LAKES BASIN by Theodore J
AN OVERVIEW OF THE GEOLOGY OF THE GREAT LAKES BASIN by Theodore J. Bornhorst 2016 This document may be cited as: Bornhorst, T. J., 2016, An overview of the geology of the Great Lakes basin: A. E. Seaman Mineral Museum, Web Publication 1, 8p. This is version 1 of A. E. Seaman Mineral Museum Web Publication 1 which was only internally reviewed for technical accuracy. The Great Lakes Basin The Great Lakes basin, as defined by watersheds that drain into the Great Lakes (Figure 1), includes about 85 % of North America’s and 20 % of the world’s surface fresh water, a total of about 5,500 cubic miles (23,000 cubic km) of water (1). The basin covers about 94,000 square miles (240,000 square km) including about 10 % of the U.S. population and 30 % of the Canadian population (1). Lake Michigan is the only Great Lake entirely within the United States. The State of Michigan lies at the heart of the Great Lakes basin. Together the Great Lakes are the single largest surface fresh water body on Earth and have an important physical and cultural role in North America. Figure 1: The Great Lakes states and Canadian Provinces and the Great Lakes watershed (brown) (after 1). 1 Precambrian Bedrock Geology The bedrock geology of the Great Lakes basin can be subdivided into rocks of Precambrian and Phanerozoic (Figure 2). The Precambrian of the Great Lakes basin is the result of three major episodes with each followed by a long period of erosion (2, 3). Figure 2: Generalized Precambrian bedrock geologic map of the Great Lakes basin. -
Radisson's Two Western Journeys
RADISSON'S TWO WESTERN JOU RN EYS When the French in the beginning of the seventeenth century took possession of the St. Lawrence Valley, the acquisition does not seem to have been considered an event of major importance. The population of the home coun try was not yet so dense as to demand new territory for expansion. For many years, moreover, there was doubt that agriculture would prove profitable In a climate so much more severe than that of France. The acquisition of Can ada was therefore considered of dubious value except by a few missionaries, and the royal government was very slow in granting any assistance for the safety or progress of the new colony. Soon, however, it was discovered that this American possession could supply one great need of the home coun try, and that was furs. Particularly was it rich in beaver, which was in great demand for beaver hats—the headgear demanded by fashion. The fur trade therefore became the mainstay of the colony and gained for it the few crumbs of favor that it received. For many years this trade was confined to the small tribes on the rivers that empty into the St. Lawrence from the north. Then came a larger supply of furs from the more populous Huron country and from the Ottawa on Manitoulln Island. Each spring when the Indians brought in their canoes filled with peltries, small fairs were held in Montreal and Three Rivers, where the natives exchanged their furs for the utensils, tools, orna ments, and dainties that the French merchants and habit ants had to offer. -
Wisconsin Great Lakes Chronicle 2019 CONTENTS
Wisconsin Great Lakes Chronicle 2019 CONTENTS Foreword . 1 Governor Tony Evers Regional Maritime Strategy . 2 Mike Friis Water Resources and LiDAR in Wisconsin . 4 Jim Giglierano Bay Beach Restoration . 6 Dan Ditscheit Fresh Coast Resource Center . 8 Christopher Schultz and Jacob Fincher Apostle Islands: Partnering for Accessibility . 10 Mark R. Peterson Managing Visitor Use in Coastal Protected Areas . 12 Lauren Leckwee Coastal Processes Manual . 14 Yi Liu 2019 Wisconsin Coastal Management Program Grants . 16 Acknowledgements . 20 On the Cover Peninsula State Park, Department of Tourism FOREWORD Governor Tony Evers Dear Readers: Welcome to the 2019 regional economy. This is among the many reasons into Lake Michigan and Lake Superior, my edition of Wisconsin why these waters are so important, and why it is administration, Lt. Gov. Mandela Barnes and I are Great Lakes Chronicle one of my top priorities as governor is to protect working hard to ensure our water resources can which highlights our natural resources and ensure our water is clean, continue supporting our economies, sustaining important efforts to safe, usable, and enjoyable for generations to come. our families, and helping our businesses thrive. conserve, protect, This year, I am also honored to be leading the I hope you enjoy this year’s edition of Wisconsin and restore our Great Great Lakes St. Lawrence Governors & Premiers Great Lakes Chronicle celebrating the good work Lakes and shorelines on initiatives to improve the quality of the and dedication of so many folks across our across our state. Great Lakes and enhance our regional economy. state. Although we are taking significant steps to From drinking water to trade to outdoor We recently adopted resolutions to reduce protect the Great Lakes, we know that there is recreation, the Great Lakes have played a critically drinking water contaminants and reaffirmed much work yet to do. -
Door County Lighthouse Map
Door County Lighthouse Map Canal Station Lighthouse (#3) Sherwood Point Lighthouse (#4) Compliments of the Plum Island Range Light (#6) www.DoorCounty.com Pilot Island Lighthouse (#9) Door County Lighthouses # 2 Eagle Bluff Lighthouse Location: Follow Hwy. 42 to the North end of The Door County Peninsula’s 300 miles of Fish Creek to the entrance of Peninsula State shoreline, much of it rocky, gave need for th Park. You must pay a park admission fee the lighthouses so that sailors of the 19 when you enter the park. Inquire about the th and early 20 centuries could safely directions to the lighthouse at the park’s front navigate the lake and bay waters around entrance. History: The lighthouse was the Door peninsula & surrounding islands. established in 1868 and automated in 1926. Restoration began in 1960 by the Door County # 1 Cana Island Lighthouse Historical Society. The lighthouse has been open for tours since 1964. Welcome: Tours are $4 for adults, $1 for students, and children 5 and under are free. Tour hours are daily from 10-4, late May through mid-October. Tours depart every 30 minutes. The park maintains a parking lot and restrooms adjacent to the grounds. Information: Phone (920) 839-2377 or online at www.EagleBluffLighthouse.org. Maintained and operated by the Door County Historical Society. Tower is only open to public during Lighthouse Walk weekend in May # 3 Canal Station / Pierhead Light Location: Take County Q at the North edge of Baileys Harbor to Cana Island Rd. two and Location: This fully operating US Coast a half miles (Note: Sharp Right Turn on Cana Guard station is located at the Lake Michigan Island Rd). -
Mackinac County
MACKINAC COUNTY S o y C h r t o u Rock r u BETTY B DORGANS w C t d 8 Mile R D n 6 mlet h o i C d t H o y G r e e Island LANDING 4 CROSSING B u N a Y o d Rd R R R 4 e 8 Mile e y 4 1 k t R k d n 2 ix d t S 14 7 r i Advance n p n 17 d i m Unknow d o e a F u 5 C 123 t e T 7 x k d y O l a o s e i R i R 1 Ibo Rd 1 r r e r Sugar d C M o d Island R a e d R 4 p y f e D c E e S l e n N e i 4 C r a R E R o Y d R L 221 e v a i l 7 R h d A i w x d N i C n S a e w r d g d p e n s u d p 5 a c o r R a r t e B U d d T Island in t g G i e e a n r i g l R R n i o R a d e e R r Rd d o C C o e d d 9 Mile e c 4 r r g k P r h d a L M e n M t h R v B W R R e s e 2 r R C R O s n p N s l k n RACO ea l e u l 28 o ROSEDALE n i R C C d 1 y C l i ree a e le Rd e k a U d e v i 9 Mi e o S y r S a re e d i n g C R R Seney k t ek N e r h C Shingle Bay o U e i u C s R D r e U essea S Sugar B d e F s h k c n c i MCPHEES R L n o e f a a r s t P x h B y e d ut a k 3 So i r k i f u R e t o 0 n h a O t t 1 3 R r R d r r A h l R LANDING 3 M le 7 7 s i T o 1 E d 0 M n i 1 C w a S t U i w e a o s a kn ECKERMAN t R R r v k C o n I Twp r C B U i s Superior e e Island h d d e b Mile Rd r d d Mile Rd 10 e a S f 10 o e i r r q l n s k i W c h n d C u F 3 Columbus u T l McMillan Twp ens M g C g a h r t E a h r 5 Mo reek R n E T 9 H H q m REXFORD c e i u a DAFTER n R W r a l k 5 o M r v Twp Y m r h m L e e C p e i e Twp F s e STRONGS d i Dafter Twp H ty Road 462 East R t d e a Coun P n e e S n e r e v o v o s l d C i R m s n d T o Twp h R t Chippewa l p R C r e NEWBERRY U o e R a n A -
Line 5 Straits of Mackinac Summary When Michigan Was Granted
Line 5 Straits of Mackinac Summary When Michigan was granted statehood on January 26, 1837, Michigan also acquired ownership of the Great Lakes' bottomlands under the equal footing doctrine.1 However before Michigan could become a state, the United States first had to acquire title from us (Ottawa and Chippewa bands) because Anglo-American law acknowledged that we owned legal title as the aboriginal occupants of the territory we occupied. But when we agreed to cede legal title to the United States in the March 28, 1836 Treaty of Washington ("1836 Treaty", 7 Stat. 491), we reserved fishing, hunting and gathering rights. Therefore, Michigan's ownership of both the lands and Great Lakes waters within the cession area of the 1836 Treaty was burdened with preexisting trust obligations with respect to our treaty-reserved resources. First, the public trust doctrine imposes a duty (trust responsibility) upon Michigan to protect the public trust in the resources dependent upon the quality of the Great Lakes water.2 In addition, Art. IV, § 52 of Michigan's Constitution says "conservation…of the natural resources of the state are hereby declared to be of paramount public concern…" and then mandates the legislature to "provide for the protection of the air, water and other natural resources from 3 pollution, impairment and destruction." 1 The State of Michigan acquired title to these bottomlands in its sovereign capacity upon admission to the Union and holds them in trust for the benefit of the people of Michigan. Illinois Central Railroad Co. v. Illinois, 146 U.S. 387, 434-35 (1892); Nedtweg v. -
FINAL GEOLOGIC REPORT Emerged
although the conditions of extreme chaos anticipated were not encountered. Geological exploration has established the solidarity of bedrock underlying the Straits of Mackinac and its adequacy to support the comparatively modest loads that will be imposed by the structure. D. B. STEINMAN, CONSULTING ENGINEER MACKINAC BRIDGE Some 300-400 million years ago in early to mid- Devonian time, the land mass in the area of the Straits FINAL GEOLOGIC REPORT emerged. This pseudo-uplift, due to the retreat of the Devonian sea, quickened ground water movement and Jack C. Rosenau thereby, leaching of the salt beds of the Salina Resident Geologist Formation of the Silurian Period. As a result of the April 20, 1956 leaching, two important geological formations came into being: (1) the brine water worked its way into the Michigan Basin and deposited the upper salt beds of the Introduction Detroit River Formation, and (2) the solution of large quantities of rock salt left great voids or cavernous areas The Straits of Mackinac is a 70-mile connecting link with an overlying rock mass of shales, limestones, between Lakes Michigan and Huron; its width at the site dolomites, cherts, sandy shales and gypsum or of the Mackinac Bridge is 4 miles and its depth is known anhydrite. These deposits are the Salina (Pointe Aux to be at least 290 feet below lake level (578.5’ USLS, Chenes) and Bass Island (St. Ignace) Formations of the MLWD). The greatest depth to rock is more than 350 Silurian age and the Garden Island, Bois Blanc and feet and is located about mid-stream. -
Geology of Michigan and the Great Lakes
35133_Geo_Michigan_Cover.qxd 11/13/07 10:26 AM Page 1 “The Geology of Michigan and the Great Lakes” is written to augment any introductory earth science, environmental geology, geologic, or geographic course offering, and is designed to introduce students in Michigan and the Great Lakes to important regional geologic concepts and events. Although Michigan’s geologic past spans the Precambrian through the Holocene, much of the rock record, Pennsylvanian through Pliocene, is miss- ing. Glacial events during the Pleistocene removed these rocks. However, these same glacial events left behind a rich legacy of surficial deposits, various landscape features, lakes, and rivers. Michigan is one of the most scenic states in the nation, providing numerous recre- ational opportunities to inhabitants and visitors alike. Geology of the region has also played an important, and often controlling, role in the pattern of settlement and ongoing economic development of the state. Vital resources such as iron ore, copper, gypsum, salt, oil, and gas have greatly contributed to Michigan’s growth and industrial might. Ample supplies of high-quality water support a vibrant population and strong industrial base throughout the Great Lakes region. These water supplies are now becoming increasingly important in light of modern economic growth and population demands. This text introduces the student to the geology of Michigan and the Great Lakes region. It begins with the Precambrian basement terrains as they relate to plate tectonic events. It describes Paleozoic clastic and carbonate rocks, restricted basin salts, and Niagaran pinnacle reefs. Quaternary glacial events and the development of today’s modern landscapes are also discussed. -
Wisconsin's Door Peninsula and Its Geomorphology
WISCONSIN'S DOOR PENINSULA AND ITS GEOMORPHOLOGY Howard De II er AGS Collection, UW-Mllwaukee and Paul Stoelting University of Wisconsin-La Crosse The Door Peninsula of Wisconsin is one of the premier tourist regions of the American r~iddle West. According to a recent geography of Wisconsin (Vogeler et al 1986,8) , the region is best known for its picturesque sea scape, New England-style architecture, fish boils, and cherry orchards. Among geomorphologists, however, the region is known for the great variety of land form types and for the complex and changing geomorphological processes which have operated in the peninsula. Towering bluffs, sand dunes, lake terraces, abandoned beach ridges, swampy lowlands, and drumlin fields are only some of the many types of landforms to be found in the peninsula. Indeed, the region can be viewed as a unique geomorphological laboratory and an excellent example for classroom study. In this short paper an attempt is made to describe and analyze some of the more prominent landform features of the peninsula and the processes which have influenced their formation. LOCATION AND GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS The Door Peninsula, located In northeastern Wisconsin. is part of the Eastern Ridges and Lowlands province of the state. The peninsula extends in a northeasterly direction into Lake Michigan to separate Green Bay on the west from the main body of Lake Michigan on the east. The peninsula is approximately 64 miles long and about 26 miles wide on its southern end, between the mouth of the Fox River and the city of Kewaunee on Lake Michigan (Map I). -
Wisconsin Great Lakes Chronicle 2017 CONTENTS
Wisconsin Great Lakes Chronicle 2017 CONTENTS Foreword . 1 Governor Scott Walker Saxon Harbor Recovery and Redevelopment . 2 Jason Laumann Milwaukee’s Harbor District . 4 Lilith Fowler Two Rivers: Turning Our Face Back to the Water . 6 Greg Buckley Wisconsin Harbor Towns Association . 8 Kathy Tank Follow the Drop: A Watershed Odyssey . 10 Bill Moren and David Libert J . Philip Keillor Fellowship . .12 Adam Bechle Kids on the Coast: The Rivers2Lake Education Program . 14 Deanna Erickson 2017 Wisconsin Coastal Management Program Grants . 16 Acknowledgements . 20 On the Cover Kohler-Andrae State Park FOREWORD Governor Scott Walker Dear Friends of the Great Lakes, With federal, regional Additionally, the program has secured funding Recently funded by NOAA, a project designed and local partners, the for key remote sensing data (LiDAR), a critical for “Improving Economic Security in Coastal Wisconsin Coastal disaster planning tool. WCMP continues work Wisconsin” will be a collaborative effort led by Management Program with affected communities to develop plans to WCMP with the University of Wisconsin Sea (WCMP) supports mitigate potential future flooding events. Grant Institute, the UW Madison Civil and community planning, Environmental Engineering Department and The City of Superior received nearly $1.5 million port and economic the Southeast Wisconsin Regional Planning of WCMP funding for ecological restoration and development, public Commission. This project proposes to reduce public access improvements at Wisconsin Point. access, water quality, damages caused by coastal hazards, such as This project began with a small WCMP grant hazard mitigation and erosion, coastal storms and fluctuating water to develop a management plan. The restoration other projects along our Lake Michigan and Lake levels. -
WASHINGTON ISLAND SCENIC HISTORY TOUR Addition to the Building, There Was a Beach, a Barn and a Park
WASHINGTON ISLAND SCENIC HISTORY TOUR addition to the building, there was a beach, a barn and a park. The purpose of the kitchens enable local residents with an entrepreneurial spirit to prepare their own Next stop is the Veblen Cabin seated near“Little Lake”. Leave Schoolhouse Beach organization was: “To provide and maintain a social center for the people of recipes and make their own products ready for sale to the public. And with the through the cemetery and turn right onto Jackson Harbor Road. Just a block west, Welcome to Washington Island’s Scenic History Tour! During the next Washington Island”. planting of lavender in the fields, a new lavender shop was opened on the first floor turn right onto Main Road. Then veer left onto Little Lake Road. Traveling about a 22 miles, we will guide you through beautiful scenic and meaningful of the Dairy in 2013, thus returning the Dairy to its historic role as an incubator for mile, on your right you will see the Jen Jacobsen Museum and Veblen Cabin. historic locations on Washington Island. As we share this wonderful The first officers of the organization were elected on October 13, 1946. Over each business on Washington Island. community we call home, look forward to the wave of a hand, as we of the next two years door to door canvases were held to raise the annual mortgage Veblen Cabin - Site #18 say, “Welcome Home”. payments. In 1952, a group of Island homeowners from Chicago held fundraising When you are ready, leave the heavenly aroma of the lavender fields behind, turn left dinner parties in Chicago and donated the profits to help pay off the mortgage.