The Illinois Coast of Lake Michigan 25 Michael J

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The Illinois Coast of Lake Michigan 25 Michael J. Chrzastowski INTRODUCTION within the Illinois extent of Lake Michigan is about 490 feet (149.4 m). The Illinois coast of Lake Michigan is one of the state’s most dynamic geological settings. Coastal processes of WI waves, ice, and changing lake levels contribute to yearlong IL Winthrop North Point Marina and seasonal erosion and deposition (accretion) along the Harbor Illinois Beach Zion beaches and across the nearshore lake bottom, although State Park Beach Park major change also can occur in days or even hours. Lake The social and economic importance of the Illinois Michigan MI Waukegan Sheboygan coast cannot be overstated. This coast borders the most Waukegan Harbor populous part of the state and includes some of the most Illinois extent valued real estate in Illinois. It is also the most densely Naval Training Center of Lake North Chicago Great Lakes Michigan populated coastal area in the entire Great Lakes region and (Great Lakes Harbor) Lake Bluff WI has the region’s highest degree of engineering and human IL 0 40 mi Lake Forest 0 40 km modification. Notably, the historical development of Chi- MI CHICAGO IN cago, Waukegan, and the other municipalities along the Indiana Dunes shore was strongly influenced by the coastal geology. Highwood Despite extensive urbanization, the Illinois coastal LAKE CO. Highland Park zone preserves an exceptional geological record of coastal COOK CO. Glencoe Lake Michigan evolution that spans about 14,000 years, beginning in late Winnetka Kenilworth Wilmette Harbor glacial time when an ancestral shoreline first formed. A se- Wilmette Grosse Point ries of ancient shoreline features document how the Illinois Chicago-O'Hare International Evanston coast evolved through changing lake levels and shaping and Airport reshaping by wave-induced erosion, transport, and deposition. The historical record of coastal change also provides DU PAGE CO. numerous examples of how human modification has notably altered the shoreline configuration and has had an im- pact on local coastal processes. The continuing geological CHICAGO changes along this coast present ongoing engineering and Chicago Harbor management challenges that will face future generations. COASTAL SHAPE AND DYNAMICS The Illinois coastline extends 63 miles (101.4 km) along the southern reach of the western shore of Lake Michigan (Figure 25-1), 22 miles (35.4 km) of which is the City of Calumet Harbor Chicago shoreline. North of Chicago, the coast includes 14 near-lake municipalities, the U.S. Navy’s Naval Training Center Great Lakes, and state-owned Illinois Beach State WILL CO. Park and North Point Marina. The municipalities from 0 10 mi N Lake Bluff south to Evanston are collectively called the 0 20 km IL IN North Shore. The state’s jurisdiction extends across a por- Figure 25-1 The Illinois coast of Lake Michigan showing mu- tion of the lake, covering approximately 1,500 square miles nicipalities and harbors. The index map shows the configura- (3,885 km2) of lake and lake bottom. The deepest water tion of the Illinois state line across Lake Michigan. 404.

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