DOCSLIB.ORG

Great Lakes/Big Rivers Fisheries Operational Plan Accomplishment

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Great Lakes/Big Rivers Fisheries Operational Plan Accomplishment U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Fisheries Operational Plan Accomplishment Report for Fiscal Year 2004 March 2003 Region 3 - Great Lakes/Big Rivers Partnerships and Accountability Aquatic Habitat Conservation and Management Workforce Management Aquatic Species Conservation and Aquatic Invasive Species Management Cooperation with Native Public Use Leadership in Science Americans and Technology To view monthly issues of “Fish Lines”, see our Regional website at: (http://www.fws.gov/midwest/Fisheries/) 2 Fisheries Accomplishment Report - FY2004 Great Lakes - Big Rivers Region Message from the Assistant Regional Director for Fisheries The Fisheries Program in Region 3 (Great Lakes – Big Rivers) is committed to the conservation of our diverse aquatic resources and the maintenance of healthy, sustainable populations of fish that can be enjoyed by millions of recreational anglers. To that end, we are working with the States, Tribes, other Federal agencies and our many partners in the private sector to identify, prioritize and focus our efforts in a manner that is most complementary to their efforts, consistent with the mission of our agency, and within the funding resources available. At the very heart of our efforts is the desire to be transparent and accountable and, to that end, we present this Region 3 Annual Fisheries Accomplishment Report for Fiscal Year 2004. This report captures our commitments from the Region 3 Fisheries Program Operational Plan, Fiscal Years 2004 & 2005. This document cannot possibly capture the myriad of activities that are carried out by any one station in any one year, by all of the dedicated employees in the Fisheries Program, but, hopefully, it provides a clear indication of where our energy is focused. This is a work in progress and we welcome your feedback on not only how to improve this document, but also on how we can better conserve all of our aquatic resources and recreational fishing opportunities. Thank you for taking the time to review this document and your efforts to help conserve our precious aquatic resources. Gerry Jackson Assistant Regional Director Fisheries Introduction The Fisheries Program of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) has played a vital role in conserving and managing fish and other aquatic resources since 1871. Today, the Fisheries Program is a critical partner with States, Tribes, other governments, other Service programs, private organizations, public institutions, and interested citizens in a larger effort to conserve these important resources. In 2002, working with its many partners in aquatic conservation through the Sport Fishing and Boating Partnership Council’s Fisheries Steering Committee, the Service completed its strategic vision for the Fisheries Program: “Conserving America’s Fisheries, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fisheries Program, Vision for the Future.” The Vision includes goals, objectives, and action items on a national scale for the Fisheries Program. The Great Lakes/Big Rivers Region (Region) Operational Plan is an extension of the Vision, describing more specifically the activities that the Regional Fisheries Program will implement in Fiscal Years 2004 and 2005. This accomplishment report addresses the commitments from the Operational Plan. The Fisheries Program and its partners and stakeholders recognize that responsibilities for managing and conserving many fish and other aquatic resources are shared, and overall success is contingent upon the combined knowledge, resources and commitment of each party. Therefore, the Region views this accomplishment report as a general contract between us and our partners and stakeholders. Specific species and habitat targets are identified in individual species management plans. For more information about management plans or for a listing of plans, please contact your local office or the Regional Office (612-713-5111). Fisheries Accomplishment Report - FY2004 3 Inside the Accomplishment Report Great Lakes - Big Rivers Region Fisheries Field Offices Great Lakes - Big Rivers Region: (Page 4) Fisheries Program Operational Plan (FY 2004 and 2005) -National Fish Hatcheries Message from the Assistant Regional Director for -Sea Lamprey Control Stations Fisheries and Introduction -Fishery Resources Offices (Page 2) -Fish Health Center (Page 4) Partnerships and Accountability Aquatic Species Conservation and Management (Page 7) (Page 12) Partnerships (Pg. 7) Native Species Accountability (Pg. 9) (Page 12) Partners and Stakeholders (Pg. 10) Interjurisdictional Fisheries Our Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (Page 23) are in Trouble! (Pg. 11) Aquatic Invasive Species Public Use (Page 27) (Page 35) Recreational Fisheries Aquatic Invasive Species (Page 35) (Page 27) Mitigation Fisheries (Page 43) Cooperation with Native Americans Leadership in Science and Technology (Page 44) (Page 52) Cooperation with Native Americans (Page 44) Coordination with Tribal Leadership in Science and Technology Governments (Page 52) (Page 50) Aquatic Habitat Conservation and Management Workforce Management (Page 60) (Page 71) National Fish Habitat Initiative: A Start to a Solution (Page 60) Workforce Management Aquatic Habitat Conservation and (Page 71) Management (Page 61) List of Acronyms - Page 73 4 Fisheries Accomplishment Report - FY2004 Great Lakes - Big Rivers Region Fisheries Field Offices National Fish Hatcheries Sea Lamprey Control Stations ate aquatic habitats to identify The Region’s National Fish Sea Lamprey Control Stations restoration/rehabilitation opportu- Hatcheries primarily focus on assess and control sea lamprey nities; play a key role in targeting native fish restoration/ populations throughout the Great and implementing native fish and rehabilitation by stocking fish and Lakes. The U.S. Department of habitat restoration programs; work eggs, such as pallid and lake State and Canadian Department of with private land owners, states, sturgeon and by developing and Fisheries and Oceans fund this local governments and watershed maintaining brood stocks of program through the Great Lakes organizations to complete aquatic selected fish strains, such as lake Fishery Commission. habitat restoration projects under trout and brook trout. Hatcheries the Service’s Partners for Fish and also provide technical assistance to Fishery Resources Offices Wildlife and the Great Lakes other agencies, provide fish and Fishery Resources Offices conduct Coastal Programs; provide coordi- eggs for research, stock rainbow assessments of fish populations to nation and technical assistance trout in fulfillment of federal guide management decisions, toward the management of mitigation obligations and assist perform key monitoring and control interjurisdictional fisheries; main- with recovery of native mussels activities related to invasive, tain and operate several key inter- and other native aquatic species. aquatic species; survey and evalu- agency fisheries databases; provide technical expertise to other Service programs addressing contaminants, Great Lakes - Big Rivers Region Fisheries Field Offices endangered species, federal project review and hydro-power operation and re-licensing; evaluate and manage fisheries on Service lands; and, provide technical support to 38 Native American tribal govern- ments and treaty authorities. In other Regions of the Service, FRO’s are also referrred to as Fish and Wildlife Management Assis- tance Offices. Fish Health Center The Fish Health Center provides specialized fish health evaluation and diagnostic services to federal, state, tribal and private hatcheries in the region; conducts extensive monitoring and evaluation of wild fish health throughout the region; examines and certifies the health of captive hatchery stocks; and, performs a wide range of special services helping to coordinate fishery program offices and partner organizations. Fisheries Accomplishment Report - FY2004 5 Great Lakes - Big Rivers Regional Fisheries Offices Regional Office, 1 Federal Drive, Fort Snelling, MN 55111-4056; 612/713-5111 Gerry Jackson ([email protected]) Michigan Illinois Alpena Fishery Resources Office Carterville Fishery Resources Office Federal Building; 145 Water Street 9053 Route 148, Suite A Alpena, MI 49707 Marion, Illinois 62959 Jerry McClain ([email protected]) Rob Simmonds ([email protected]) 989/356-3052 618/997-6869 Jordan River National Fish Hatchery Wisconsin 6623 Turner Road Ashland Fishery Resources Office Elmira, MI 49730 2800 Lake Shore Drive East Rick Westerhof ([email protected]) Ashland, WI 54806 231/584-2461 Mark Dryer ([email protected]) 715/682-6185 Ludington Biological Station 229 South Jebavy Drive Genoa National Fish Hatchery Ludington, MI 49431 S5689 State Road 35 Dennis Lavis ([email protected]) Genoa, WI 54632-8836 231/845-6205 Doug Aloisi ([email protected]) 608/689-2605 Marquette Biological Station 1924 Industrial Parkway Green Bay Fishery Resources Office Marquette, MI 49855 2661 Scott Tower Drive Gary Klar ([email protected]) New Franklin, WI 54229 906/226-6571 Mark Holey ([email protected]) 920/866-1717 Pendills Creek/Sullivan Creek National Fish Hatchery Iron River National Fish Hatchery 21990 West Trout Lane 10325 Fairview Road Brimley, MI 49715 Iron River, WI 54847 Curt Friez ([email protected]) Dale Bast ([email protected]) 906/437-5231 715/372-8510 Missouri LaCrosse Fish Health Center Columbia Fishery Resources Office 555 Lester Avenue 101 Park Deville Drive; Suite A Onalaska, WI 54650 Columbia, MO 65203 Richard Nelson ([email protected]) Tracy Hill
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Lake Michigan Natural Division Characteristics
    The Lake Michigan Natural Division Characteristics Lake Michigan is a dynamic deepwater oligotrophic ecosystem that supports a diverse mix of native and non-native species. Although the watershed, wetlands, and tributaries that drain into the open waters are comprised of a wide variety of habitat types critical to supporting its diverse biological community this section will focus on the open water component of this system. Watershed, wetland, and tributaries issues will be addressed in the Northeastern Morainal Natural Division section. Species diversity, as well as their abundance and distribution, are influenced by a combination of biotic and abiotic factors that define a variety of open water habitat types. Key abiotic factors are depth, temperature, currents, and substrate. Biotic activities, such as increased water clarity associated with zebra mussel filtering activity, also are critical components. Nearshore areas support a diverse fish fauna in which yellow perch, rockbass and smallmouth bass are the more commonly found species in Illinois waters. Largemouth bass, rockbass, and yellow perch are commonly found within boat harbors. A predator-prey complex consisting of five salmonid species and primarily alewives populate the pelagic zone while bloater chubs, sculpin species, and burbot populate the deepwater benthic zone. Challenges Invasive species, substrate loss, and changes in current flow patterns are factors that affect open water habitat. Construction of revetments, groins, and landfills has significantly altered the Illinois shoreline resulting in an immeasurable loss of spawning and nursery habitat. Sea lampreys and alewives were significant factors leading to the demise of lake trout and other native species by the early 1960s.
    [Show full text]
  • (GISD) 2021. Species Profile Gymnocephalus Cernuus
    FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Gymnocephalus cernuus Gymnocephalus cernuus System: Freshwater Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Chordata Actinopterygii Perciformes Percidae Common name pope (English), river ruffe (English), Eurasian ruffe (English), blacktail (English), ruffe (English), redfin darter (English) Synonym Acerina cemua , (Linnaeus, 1758) Acerina czekanowskii Acerina fischeri Acerina vulgaris Perca cermua , Linnaeus, 1758 Similar species Stizostedion vitreum, Perca flavescens, Percopsis omiscomaycus Summary Gymnocephalus cernuus is introduced into new locations in the ballast water of ships. Introductions also occur through escaped or discarded live bait. It has become a threat to the Great Lakes in North America and some lakes in Europe. Gymnocephalus cernuus has become invasive due to its reproduction ablity; its wide habitat range and its aggressive feeding habits. view this species on IUCN Red List Species Description Gymnocephalus cernuus are small, reaching up to 20cm in length, with olive brown colouring on the back and pale sides. They have spiny dorsal and anal fins (Hajjar, 2002). Notes According to Hajjar (2002), \"Gymnocephalus cernuus have few predators in Europe and Asia, and most will only prey on G. cernuus when other prey is scarce. Predators include pike perch, northern pike, some eel, burbot, lake trout, small-mouth bass, black crappie, bullheads, walleye, Eurasian perch, yellow perch, cormorants, and kingfishers. To avoid predators, the ruffe prefers darkness, and uses special sensory organs called \"neuromasts\" to detect predators and prey. The ruffe also has a large, spiny dorsal fin likely unpalatable to predators. Global Invasive Species Database (GISD) 2021. Species profile Gymnocephalus Pag. 1 cernuus. Available from: http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=544 [Accessed 02 October 2021] FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Gymnocephalus cernuus Lifecycle Stages According to Hajjar (2002), “the reproductive potential of G.
    [Show full text]
  • GLRI Fact Sheet
    WISCONSIN PROJECTS FOR 2010-2011 Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Federal funds support critical restoration and protection work on Wisconsinʼs Great Lakes Wisconsinʼs agencies and Priorities for the Great Lakes. GLRI funds will help Wisconsin address Great Lakes Drainage Basins in Wisconsin organizations received almost $30 these priorities on Lake Michigan and Lake Superior million in grants for the first year of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative – a Lake Superior. federal basin-wide effort to restore and Economic Benefits of Restoration protect the Great Lakes. Restoring the Great Lakes will bring great benefits to our state. Work done A Vital Economic Asset under the GLRI will create jobs, The Great Lakes have had profound stimulate economic development, and Lake effects on our environment, culture, Michigan improve freshwater resources and ! and quality of life. They have fueled shoreline communities. A study our economic growth in the past and – conducted by the Brookings Institution if properly restored and protected – will Map Scale: found that fully implementing the 1 inch = 39.46 miles help us revitalize our economy in the regional collaboration strategy will future. generate $80-$100 billion in short and Lake Superior and Lake Michigan are affected by the actions of people throughout their watersheds. Lake Lake Michigan and Lake Superior long term benefits, including: Superior’s watershed drains 1,975,902 acres and provide: • $6.5-$11.8 billion in benefits supports 123,000 people. Lake Michigan’s watershed from tourism, fishing and drains 9,105,558 acres and supports 2,352,417 • Sport fishing opportunities for people. more than 250,000 anglers, recreation.
    [Show full text]
  • Catching It All Chequamegon Bay, Apostle Islands by Dick Ellis
    www.onwisconsinoutdoors.com June 22, 2009 Catching It All Chequamegon Bay, Apostle Islands By Dick Ellis Still a bit early to pursue a I pondered Kastern’s offer. deep water search for lake trout Superior was quiet and the fore- near the Apostle Islands, Guide cast called for the big lake to stay Aron Kastern had left the target of flat with gentle winds. Although choice to me; take the sure bet- Kastern knows better lake trout bite and chase Chequamegon fishing is on the horizon as the Bay’s trophy-class smallmouth calendar pages burn away into bass, or vertical jig for lakers in July and August, if we did find water that can reach depths of fish we might tangle with a fero- hundreds of feet with no guarantee cious fighter weighing in at 10 that we would find fish. pounds, 20…or who knows how “I also have a great bite on big. Most appealing to a writer right now casting for walleyes,” who had only fished for lakers on the multi-species guide said on a the Superior hardwater, Kastern bluebird, mid-June morning. “We loves to vertical jig the deep. Most caught lots of nice fish the last other anglers prefer to motor troll. several days on crankbaits in shal- Even a bad day of fishing is low water. We will catch walleyes still fishing, I thought, considering if we go for it. But that can wait the possibility of photographing until late afternoon. Or we can do the dreaded skunk for this column. it all.” We would still be on big, beautiful Kastern does it all.
    [Show full text]
  • Chequamegon Bay and Its Communities I Ashland Bayfield La Pointe a Brief History 1659-1883
    Chequamegon Bay And Its Communities I Ashland Bayfield LaPointe A Brief Hi story 1659-1883 Chequamegon Bay And Its Communities I Ashland Bayfield La Pointe A Brief History 1659-1883 Lars Larson PhD Emeriti Faculty University of Wisconsin-Whitewater CHEQUAMEGON BAY Chequamegon, sweet lovely bay, Upon thy bosom softly sway. In gentle swells and azure bright. Reflections of the coming night; Thy wooded shores of spruce and pine. Forever hold thee close entwine. Thy lovely isles and babbling rills. Whose music soft my soul enthrills; What wondrous power and mystic hands. Hath wrought thy beach of golden sands. What artist's eye mid painter's brush. Hath caught thy waters as they rush. And stilled them all and then unfurled. The grandest picture of the world— So fair, so sweet to look upon. Thy beauteous bay, Chequamegon. Whitewater Wisconsin 2005 Table of Contents Acknowledgements 3 The Chequamegon Bay Historians 4 Odes to Chequamegon Bay 7 Introduction 13 Chapter 1—An Overview of Wisconsin History to 1850 26 Chapter 2—Chequamegon Bay and La Pointe 1659-1855 44 Chapter 3—The Second Era of Resource Exploitation 82 Chapter 4—Superior 1853-1860 92 Chapter 5—Ashland 1854-1860 112 Chapter 6—Bayfield 1856-1860 133 Chapter 7—Bayfield 1870-1883 151 Chapter 8—Ashland 1870-1883 186 Chapter 9—The Raikoad Land Grants: Were The Benefits Worth The Cost? 218 Bibliographies 229 Introduction 230 Wisconsin History 23 4 Chequamegon Bay and La Pointe 241 Second Era of Resource Exploitation 257 Superior 264 Ashland 272 Bayfield 293 Introduction 1860-1870 301 Railroad Land Grants 304 Acknowledgements I am deeply indebted to the staffs of the Andersen Library of the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, and the Library of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, mid to the Register of Deeds of Bayfield County, for their indispensable assistance mid support in the preparation of this study.
    [Show full text]
  • ACTA ICHTHYOLOGICA ET PISCATORIA Vol. XXXII, Fasc. 2 2002 Leszek ROLBIECKI
    ACTA ICHTHYOLOGICA ET PISCATORIA Vol. XXXII, Fasc. 2 2002 ON THE ROLE OF PARATENIC HOSTS IN THE LIFE CYCLE OF THE NEMATODE ANGUILLICOLA CRASSUS IN THE VISTULA LAGOON, POLAND Leszek ROLBIECKI* Division of Invertebrate Zoology, University of Gdaƒsk, Poland Rolbiecki L., 2002. On the role of paratenic hosts in the life cycle of the nematode Anguillicola crassus in the Vistula Lagoon, Poland. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 32 (2): 109–116. Anguillicola crassus is an Asian nematode accidentally introduced to Europe and parasitising the swim bladder of European eels. Planktonic copepods are the major intermediate hosts but the success of this parasites depends on small fishes, acting as paratenic hosts and transmitting the nematode to eels. The role played by cyprinids and percids in the life cycle of A. crassus in the Vistula Lagoon was analysed. A total of 2398 fish specimens (1091 percids and 1307 cyprinids) were examined within December 1994–March 1997. The presence of the nematode was recorded in zander (Sander lucioperca), European perch (Perca fluviatilis), ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus), carp bream (Abramis brama), ziege (Pelecus cultratus), and roach (Rutilus rutilus), the ruffe being the most heavily infected fish species. The present findings advance our knowledge on the biology A. crassus and will help to predict its spread to other bodies of water. Key words: parasite, fish, Anguillicola crassus, eel, Anguilla anguilla, paratenic host, Gymnocephalus cernuus, Poland, Vistula Lagoon INTRODUCTION Nematodes of the genus Anguillicola parasitise the swim bladder of eel. Among the five Anguillicola species described so far, two (Anguillicola crassus Kuwahara Niimi et Itagaki, 1974 and Anguillicola novaezelandiae Moravec et Taraschewski, 1988) have been found in Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Ruffe (Gymnocephalus Cernua) Ecological Risk Screening Summary
    U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernua) Ecological Risk Screening Summary US Fish and Wildlife Service, February 2011 Revised, July 2014 Revised, June 2015 Photo: USFWS 1 Native Range, and Status in the United States Native Range From Fuller et al. (2014): “Northern Europe and Asia (Berg 1949; Holcik and Hensel 1974; Wheeler 1978; Page and Burr 1991).” Status in the United States From Fuller et al. (2014): “The ruffe was first identified by Wisconsin DNR in specimens collected from the St. Louis River at the border of Minnesota and Wisconsin in 1987 (Pratt 1988; Pratt et al. 1992; Czypinski et al. 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003). Following that report, reexamination of archived samples revealed misidentified larval specimens of ruffe had been collected from the same area in 1986 (Pratt 1988). The ruffe subsequently spread into Duluth Harbor in Lake Superior and several tributaries of the lake (Underhill 1989; Czypinski et al. 1999, 2000, 2004; Scheidegger, pers. comm.; J. Slade, pers. comm.). It is found in the Amnicon, Flag, Iron, Middle, Raspberry, and Bad rivers, Chequamegon Bay, and Apostle Islands National Lakeshore in Wisconsin (Czypinski et al. 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004; Tilmant 1999). In August 1994, it was found in Saxon Harbor, Wisconsin, and in the upper peninsula of Michigan at the mouths of the Black and Ontonagon rivers (K. Kindt, pers. comm.). In the lower Peninsula of Michigan along Lake Huron, the first three specimens were caught at the mouth of the Thunder Bay River in August 1995 (K. Kindt, pers. comm.). This species has also been collected in Michigan in Lake Michigan, Lake Superior, Torch Lake, Little Bay de Noc in Escanaba, Big Bay de Noc, Misery River, Ontonagon River, Thunder Bay, and Sturgeon River Sloughs (Czypinski et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Lake Superior Food Web MENT of C
    ATMOSPH ND ER A I C C I A N D A M E I C N O I S L T A R N A T O I I O T N A N U E .S C .D R E E PA M RT OM Lake Superior Food Web MENT OF C Sea Lamprey Walleye Burbot Lake Trout Chinook Salmon Brook Trout Rainbow Trout Lake Whitefish Bloater Yellow Perch Lake herring Rainbow Smelt Deepwater Sculpin Kiyi Ruffe Lake Sturgeon Mayfly nymphs Opossum Shrimp Raptorial waterflea Mollusks Amphipods Invasive waterflea Chironomids Zebra/Quagga mussels Native waterflea Calanoids Cyclopoids Diatoms Green algae Blue-green algae Flagellates Rotifers Foodweb based on “Impact of exotic invertebrate invaders on food web structure and function in the Great Lakes: NOAA, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, 4840 S. State Road, Ann Arbor, MI A network analysis approach” by Mason, Krause, and Ulanowicz, 2002 - Modifications for Lake Superior, 2009. 734-741-2235 - www.glerl.noaa.gov Lake Superior Food Web Sea Lamprey Macroinvertebrates Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). An aggressive, non-native parasite that Chironomids/Oligochaetes. Larval insects and worms that live on the lake fastens onto its prey and rasps out a hole with its rough tongue. bottom. Feed on detritus. Species present are a good indicator of water quality. Piscivores (Fish Eaters) Amphipods (Diporeia). The most common species of amphipod found in fish diets that began declining in the late 1990’s. Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Pacific salmon species stocked as a trophy fish and to control alewife. Opossum shrimp (Mysis relicta). An omnivore that feeds on algae and small cladocerans.
    [Show full text]
  • A Synopsis of the Biology and Life History of Ruffe
    J. Great Lakes Res. 24(2): 170-1 85 Internat. Assoc. Great Lakes Res., 1998 A Synopsis of the Biology and Life History of Ruffe Derek H. Ogle* Northland College Mathematics Department Ashland, Wisconsin 54806 ABSTRACT. The ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus), a Percid native to Europe and Asia, has recently been introduced in North America and new areas of Europe. A synopsis of the biology and life history of ruffe suggests a great deal of variability exists in these traits. Morphological characters vary across large geographical scales, within certain water bodies, and between sexes. Ruffe can tolerate a wide variety of conditions including fresh and brackish waters, lacustrine and lotic systems, depths of 0.25 to 85 m, montane and submontane areas, and oligotrophic to eutrophic waters. Age and size at maturity dif- fer according to temperature and levels of mortality. Ruffe spawn on a variety ofsubstrates, for extended periods of time. In some populations, individual ruffe may spawn more than once per year. Growth of ruffe is affected by sex, morphotype, water type, intraspecific density, and food supply. Ruffe feed on a wide variety of foods, although adult ruffe feed predominantly on chironomid larvae. Interactions (i.e., competition and predation) with other species appear to vary considerably between system. INDEX WORDS: Ruffe, review, taxonomy, reproduction, diet, parasite, predation. INTRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION This is a review of the existing literature on Ruffe are native to all of Europe except for along ruffe, providing a synopsis of its biology and life the Mediterranean Sea, western France, Spain, Por- history. A review of the existing literature is tugal, Norway, northern Finland, Ireland, and Scot- needed at this time because the ruffe, which is na- land (Collette and Banarescu 1977, Lelek 1987).
    [Show full text]
  • Ashland, Wisconsin a Coastal Community Smart Growth Case Study Author: Rebecca Pearson Editor: Victoria Pebbles, Great Lakes Commission
    Ashland, Wisconsin A Coastal Community Smart Growth Case Study Author: Rebecca Pearson Editor: Victoria Pebbles, Great Lakes Commission Ashland is a close. The busy small port and the community in shipping industry northeastern that served it went Wisconsin, from moving located on millions of tons of Chequamegon iron ore, Bay on the brownstone and southwest shore lumber to an of Lake occasional Superior. shipment of coal. Endowed with By 2009, the an abundance of Canadian National natural Railway which resources (timber, water, iron ore and acquired Wisconsin Central was the only railroad brownstone) and access to the Great Lakes, the service in Ashland. city of Ashland flourished as a port in the 1800s where raw and processed natural materials where As industries declined, so did the population. shipped to urban areas elsewhere in the Great Ashland lost population at a rate of about 5 Lakes region. At that time, Ashland’s waterfront percent every decade from the early 1900s until was developed to serve the industries that the 1990s. From 1990 to 2000, Ashland’s supported the processing and transport of natural population began to stabilize with only a 0.8 resources, such as sawmills, lumberyards and iron percent decline. According to the 2000 U.S. docks. Supporting commercial development grew Census, Ashland’s population is just over 8,600. up south of the waterfront, while residential development occurred still south of the Like many post-war cities and towns across the commercial area. Great Lakes region and elsewhere in the U.S, while the city itself contracted, the surrounding Railroads also played an important role in towns and rural areas of Ashland County, Ashland’s growth from the late 1800s into the experienced a 3.4 percent population increase early 1900s.
    [Show full text]
  • The Story of Mackinac
    Library of Congress The story of Mackinac / THE STORY OF MACKINAC.1 BY THE EDITOR. 1 Originally prepared as an address before the American Library Association, at its meeting on Mackinac Island, September 8, 1896, and in that form published in The Library Journal, Dec., 1896. As given in the present volume, it has been somewhat modified, to suit the different conditions of publication. In the preparation of the paper, I have consulted, among others, the following authorities: The Jesuit Relations. Michigan Pioneer and Historical Collections. Irving's Astoria. Parkman's Works. Winsor's Narrative and Critical History of America (Boston, 1889). Shea's History of the Catholic Missions among the Indian Tribes of the U. S. (N. Y.,1855). Bailey's Mackinac, formerly Michilimackinac (Lansing, Mich., 1896). Cook's Mackinaw in History (Lansing, 1895). Cook's Drummond Island (Lansing, 1896). Hubbard's Memorials of a Half Century (N. Y., 1887). Kelton's Annals of Fort Mackinac (issued annually). Littlejohn's Legends of Michigan and the Old North West(Allegan, Mich., 1875). Roberts's City of the Straits (Detroit, 1884). The story of Mackinac / http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbum.7689c_0013_0029 Library of Congress Strickland's Old Mackinaw (Phila., 1860). Van Fleet's Old and New Mackinac (Phila., and Ann Arbor, Mich., 1869–70). Whitcomb's Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac (Detroit, 1884). Williams's Early Mackinac (St. Louis, 1897). For two and a quarter centuries Mackinac has played no inconsiderable part on the stage of American history. Early recognized as a vantage-point, commanding the commerce of the two uppermost lakes of the great chain,—Michigan and Superior,—red men and white men have struggled for its mastery, tribe against tribe, nation I 2 against nation.
    [Show full text]
  • What Are the Current Pressures Impacting Lake Erie
    STATE OF THE GREAT LAKES 2005 WHAWHATT AREARE THETHE CURRENTCURRENT PRESSURESPRESSURES IMPIMPACTINGACTING LAKELAKE ERIE?ERIE? Land use practices, nutrient inputs, and the introduction of non-native invasive species are the greatest threats Land use, nutrient inputs, natural resource use, chemical and biological contaminants, and non- to the Lake Erie ecosystem. Natural resource use and chemical and biological contaminants also continue to native invasive species are the greatest threats to the Lake Erie ecosystem. impact the Lake Erie basin. Pressures and Actions Needed Land use Lake Superior Land use changes, including urban development and sprawl, intensification of agriculture, and Lake Huron construction of shore structures continue to negatively impact water quality and quantity, and Lake Ontario fish and wildlife habitats in Lake Erie and its Lake Michigan tributaries. Unless significant changes are made, this trend is expected to continue as demand for land Lake Erie conversion and use in the Lake Erie basin intensifies. In some areas of the Lake Erie watershed, over 90 actually render the ecosystem more susceptible to percent of the land has been converted to future invasions. Increased water transparency due to agriculture, urban and industrial use. A major focus the combined effects of nutrient control and zebra on the rehabilitation of remaining natural habitats mussel filtering has reduced habitat for walleye, and the physical processes that support them is which avoid high light conditions. Increased water required in order to restore Lake Erie's aquatic transparency combined with lower Lake Erie water ecosystems. Through best management practices, we levels has resulted in an increase of submerged must undertake rural, urban and industrial land use aquatic plants.
    [Show full text]