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Volumen VII Momotombo TELEFONO :(505) 222-5576 FAX: (505) 222-4629 www.cne.gob.ni PLAN MAESTRO GEOTÉRMICO DE NICARAGUA Volumen VII EVALUACIÓN DEL AREA DE MOMOTOMBO OCTUBRE DE 2001 TELEFONO :(505) 222-5576 FAX: (505) 222-4629 www.cne.gob.ni C O N T E N I D O I L U S T R A C I O N E S .............................................................................................................5 RESUMEN EJECUTIVO ..............................................................................................................8 1. DESCRIPCION DEL AREA..................................................................................................20 1.1 LOCALIZACIÓN ................................................................................................................20 1.2 EXTENSIÓN DEL ÁREA .....................................................................................................20 1.3 CARACTERÍSTICAS FISIOGRÁFICAS ..................................................................................21 2. EXPLORACION Y DESARROLLO GEOTERMICO EXISTENTE ................................23 2.1 CONCESIONES ..................................................................................................................23 2.2 TRABAJOS DE EXPLORACIÓN ...........................................................................................23 2.2.1 Estudios Existentes..................................................................................................23 2.2.2 Estudios del Plan Maestro-2000.............................................................................29 2.3 PERFORACIÓN DE EXPLORACIÓN Y DE DESARROLLO .......................................................32 2.4 PRODUCCIÓN ...................................................................................................................36 2.5 ESTADO ACTUAL .............................................................................................................37 3. ASPECTOS GEOLÓGICO, VULCANOLÓGICO EHIDROGEOLOGICO....................39 3.1 MARCO GEOLÓGICO ........................................................................................................39 3.1.1 Marco Geológico Regional.....................................................................................39 3.1.2 Marco Geológico Local ..........................................................................................49 3.2 ACTIVIDAD VOLCÁNICA ..................................................................................................55 3.3 HIDROLOGÍA ....................................................................................................................58 3.4 RIESGOS GEOLÓGICOS .....................................................................................................60 3.4.1 Riesgo Sísmico ........................................................................................................61 3.4.2 Riesgo Volcánico ....................................................................................................63 3.4.3 Riesgo de Derrumbe ...............................................................................................64 3.4.4 Riesgo de Inundaciones y Aluviones.......................................................................64 4. INDICIOS DE ACTIVIDAD TERMAL.............................................................................66 4.1 MANIFESTACIONES TERMALES ........................................................................................66 4.1.1 Tipo, Localización y Extensión...............................................................................66 4.1.2 Quimismo y Geotermometría..................................................................................69 4.2 INVESTIGACIONES GEOFÍSICAS ........................................................................................71 4.2.1 Tipo .........................................................................................................................71 TELEFONO :(505) 222-5576 FAX: (505) 222-4629 www.cne.gob.ni 4.2.2 Cobertura................................................................................................................72 4.2.3 Resultados...............................................................................................................73 4.3 RESULTADOS DE POZOS GEOTÉRMICOS ...........................................................................76 5. NATURALEZA DEL RECURSO GEOTERMICO .........................................................78 5.1 LOCALIZACIÓN DE LA FUENTE DE CALOR ........................................................................78 5.2 ZONAS DE ASCENSO.........................................................................................................79 5.3 DIRECCIÓN DE MOVIMIENTO DE LOS FLUIDOS .................................................................79 5.4 TEMPERATURA.................................................................................................................81 5.5 QUÍMICA DEL FLUIDO ......................................................................................................81 6. ESTIMACION DE RESERVAS ENERGETICAS ..............................................................83 6.1 RESERVAS DE LA CATEGORÍA 1 .......................................................................................84 6.1.1 Definición de Parámetros.......................................................................................84 6.1.2 Cálculo de Reservas................................................................................................86 6.1.3 Comentarios............................................................................................................87 6.2 RESERVAS DE LA CATEGORÍA 3 .......................................................................................89 6.2.2 Calculo de Reservas................................................................................................91 6.2.3 Comentarios............................................................................................................91 7. ASPECTOS AMBIENTALES................................................................................................93 7.1 INFORMACIÓN EXISTENTE................................................................................................93 7.2 CARACTERÍSTICAS AMBIENTALES ...................................................................................94 7.2.1 Aspectos Socioeconómicos......................................................................................94 7.2.2 Aspectos Abióticos ..................................................................................................98 7.2.3 Aspectos Bióticos ..................................................................................................101 7.3 ANÁLISIS DE LAS CONDICIONES AMBIENTALES .............................................................103 7.3.1 Situación Ambiental General................................................................................103 7.3.2 Aspectos Ambientales y Desarrollo Geotérmico ..................................................103 8. ASPECTOS INFRAESTRUCTURALES Y LOGISTICOS..............................................106 8.1 ACCESO .........................................................................................................................106 8.2 USO DE LA TIERRA.........................................................................................................107 8.3 DISPONIBILIDAD DE SITIOS PARA PERFORACIÓN Y CONSTRUCCIÓN ..............................107 8.4 DISPONIBILIDAD DE AGUA.............................................................................................108 8.5 FACTIBILIDAD DE REALIZAR TRABAJOS DE EXPLORACIÓN Y DESARROLLO ..................109 9. OPCIONES DE INVESTIGACION Y DESARROLLO ....................................................110 TELEFONO :(505) 222-5576 FAX: (505) 222-4629 www.cne.gob.ni 10. REFERENCIAS....................................................................................................................115 T A B L A S..................................................................................................................................122 F I G U R A S...............................................................................................................................133 ANEXO A: ESTUDIO GEOQUIMICO E HIDROGEOLOGICO.......................................160 A.1 ALCANCE .......................................................................................................................160 A.2 METODOLOGÍA Y PROCESAMIENTO DE DATOS...............................................................161 A.2.1 Programa de Actividades de Campo ....................................................................161 A.2.2 Base de Datos de Hidrogeología y Química de Fluidos.......................................161 A.3 RECOPILACIÓN DE LOS RESULTADOS .............................................................................164 A.3.2 Muestras de Gases ................................................................................................167 T A B L A S..................................................................................................................................169 F I G U R A S...............................................................................................................................206 ANEXO B: ANALISIS PETROGRAFICO DE ROCAS Y DATACIÓN DE ROCAS........212 B.1 INTRODUCCIÓN ..............................................................................................................212
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