628 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 24 Mr. GREEN. They said it was im­ to be Interstate Commerce Commissioner Richard T. Page, from assistant sanitary practicable to do so for all the States. for the term expiring December 31, 1950. engineer to passed assistant sanitary engineer, '7hether they would be able to do so for The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without effective from February 21, 1944. Maine, inasmuch as Maine stands in a objection, the nomination is confirmed. Mark D. Hollis to be temporarily promoted unique position in this respect, I do not from sanitary engineer to senior sanitary en­ NATIONAL MEDIATION BO~RD gineer effective from January 1, 1944. know. Norman L. Zwickel to be temporarily pro­ Mr. BREWSTER. I think we should The legislative clerk read the nom­ moted from assistant dental surgeon to passed not give the country the impression, on ination of Harry H : Schwartz, of Wyo­ assistant dental surgeon, effective from Jan­ account of any of the considerations the ming, to be member of the National uary 1, 1944. Senator has suggested here today, that Mediation Board for the term expiring Avery B. Wight to be temporarily promoted Maine is being discriminated against. February 1, 1947. from assistant surgeon to passed assistant Mr. GREEN. Apparently the Nation The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without surgeon, effective from December 1, 1943. Bryan A. Dawber to be temporarily pro­ already has discriminated against Maine, objection, the nomination is confirmed. moted from passed assistant surgeon to sur­ 47 of the States having abandoned the POSTMASTERS geon, effective January 1, 1944. Maine custom of having two elections. Byron J. Olson to be temporarily promoted Mr. BREWSTER. ·They still permit us The legislative clerk proceeded to read from passed assistant surgeon to surgeon. to vote; they have done so up until the sundry nominations of postmasters. effective January 1, 1944. present. This is the first time in 12 years Mr. BARKLEY. I ask unanimous Harold R. Sancistead to be temporarily pro­ that it has been proposed that the peo­ consent that the nominations of post­ moted from passed assistant surgeon to sur~ pfe of Maine-particularly the Maine masters be confirmed en bloc. geon, effective from January 1, 1944. soldiers-should not have the same op­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without lN THE NAVY portunity to vote that the people of other · objection, the postmaster nominations Capt. Joseph J. Clark, United States Navy, States have. I am sure that upon fur­ are confirmed en bloc. to be a rear admiral in the Navy, for tempo­ ther examination the Senator will not Mr. BARKLEY. I ask that the Presi­ rary service, to rank from the 23d day of want to have such a suggestion go forth. dent be immediately notified of all nom­ April 1943. Mr. GREEN. I want the Maine sol­ inations confirmed today. diers to vote, regardless of whether they The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without CONFIRMATIONS vote right. objection, the President will be notified Executive nominations confirmed by Mr. BREWSTER. Yes; I am sure that forthwith. the Senate January 24, 1944: is so. I hope the Senator will give con­ That completes the calendar. INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION sideration-that is why I brought up the matter so ·late in the day-to whether RECESS TO BE INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSIONERS some appropriate provision which would Mr. BARKLEY. As in legislative ses­ Joseph B. Eastman bring the Maine soldiers within the pur­ sion, I move that the Senate take a recess John L. Rogers View of the law may be made. until12 o'clock noon tomorrow. NATIONAL MEDIATION BOARD Mr. GREEN. I will confer with the The motion was agreed to; and (at 5 TO BE A MEMBER OF THE NATIONAL department heads. o'clock and 26 minutes p. m.) the Senate MEDIATION BOARD EXECUTIVE SESSION took a recess until tomorrow, Tuesday, Harry H. Schwartz .January 25, 1944, at 12 o'clock meridian. Mr. BARKLEY. I move that the Sen­ POSTMASTERS ate proceed to the consideration of exec:- LOUISIANA utive business. · NOMINATIONS Willie A. Dearman, Delhi. Pauline M. Netterville, Newellton. The motion was agreed to: and the Executive nominations received by the Senate proceeded to the consideration of Senate January 24, 1944: MASSACHUSETTS executive business. Theresa K. Larkin, Haydenville. THE JUDICIARY Newell A. Ritchie, North Billerica. EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED UNITED STATES JUDGE Brantson K. Fuller, South Easton. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. TUN­ ANTHONY J. DIMOND, of Alaska, to be United Annie W. Baker, South Yarmouth. NELL in the chair) laid before the Senate States district judge for the third division MISSISSIPPI messages from the President of the of Alaska, vice Han. Simon Hellenthal, term expired. Victor L. Weileman, Stoneville. United States submitting sundry nom­ Daniel Clarence Selby, Tinsley. UNITED ,STATES ATTORNEY inations, which were referred to the ap­ NEW JERSEY propriate committees. Lynn J. Gemmill, of Alaska, to be United States attorney for the first division of Reva Hilborn, Clarksboro.

Annuities-Continued. Annuities-Continued. RECAPITULATION, FISCAL YEARS 192·5 TO 19·U, Charles R. Cameron ____ _ $4,720.80 William J. McCaffertY---· $1,200.00 INCLUSIVE Wilbur J. Carr and estate Andrew J. McConnico ___ • 2,622.00 Receipts: (Cr.) ------· 61.43 Carl D. Meinhardt------· 1,980.00 Congressional appropria- James G. Carter ______• 1,356.84 Hugh S. Miller------1,965.72 tions ______$4,512,000.00 George E. Chamberlin ___ • 3,535.08 Lilla Cabot Moffat ______946.07 Transfers from appropria­ William E. Chapman ____ _ 2,346.00 Maxwell K. Moorhead ___ _ 3, 211.80 tions on account of Harold D. Clum ______3,168.00 Josephine A. :Murphy___ _ 1,453.44 mandatory deductions Arthur B. Cooke ______2,026.08 David J. D. Myers ______2,769.36 from salaries______3, 410, S34. 4:6 Harris N. Cookingham ___ • 2,910.00 Edward I. Nathan ______• 2,724.96 Vo 1 u n tar y deductions Alexander P. Cruger----- 2,172.24 Edwin L. Neville ______5,733.96 from salaries______81, 798. 09 Edwin S. Cunningham __ _ 5,460.00 John Ball Osborne ______4,189.44 Deposits by officers for John K. Davis ______• 2, 124.35 Hoffman Philip ______service credit ____ :______386, 291. 38 Leslie A. Davis ______6,000. 00 2,876.28 William Phillips ______Interest on investments__ 1, 821,948.61 Claude I. Dawson ______4,603.92 2,783.22 Miscellaneous ------931. 85 Fred Morris Dearing ____ • 4,374.96 George H. PickerelL ____ _ 2,410.08 Carl F. Deichman.!. ______4,595.16 Harold Playter------1,275.12 Total receipts ______10, 213, 904. 39 Jose de Olivares ______597.00 John R. Putnam ______4,560.72 Bradstreet S. Rairden ___ _ 1,662.48 l !Iaria T. de Olivares ____ _ 540.00 Disbursements: Charles L. De Vault_ ___ _ Hugh F. Ramsay __ _: ______354.60 1,439.40 3,610,094.02 Alfred W. Donegan ______4,008.96 BertH M. Rasmusen______1, 474.20 Annuities ------­ Refunds------­ 468,008.02 W. Roderick Dorsey ______3,709.32 Gabriel Bie RavndaL ___ _ 5,400.00 Miscellaneous ------­ 1,399.52 William F. Doty ______2,299.92 Horace Remillard ______1, 631. 60 Edward A. Dow ______Cost of additional invest- 2,840.04 William H. Robertson ___ • 3,937.44 ments less value of in- Maurice P. Dunlap ______3,283.44 William W. RusselL ______3,658.44 vestments redeemed __ _ 6,115,000.00 Alexander V. Dye ______3,205. 80 Emil Sauer ______4,554.00 John W. Dye ______1,066.08 Walter H. SchoellkopL __ 2,169.96 Total disbursements_ 10, 194,501. 56 Charles C. Eberhardt____ _ 5,849.76 George E. Seltzer______2,562.00 Clement S. Edwards ______1,743.48 Robert Peet Skinner ____ _ 4,999.92 Balance in fund exclusive of Elizabeth L. EngdahL __ _ 537.72 Fred C. Slater------1,417.44 investments, June 30, 1943 __ 19,402.83 Augustin W. Ferrin ______2,210.40 Alexander K. Sloan ______Cornelius Ferris ______1,374.96 3,337.68 Addison E. southard ____ _ Face value of investments, Fred D. Fisher ______• • 2,430.00 403.08 Ca rl Ober Spamer ______• 1,556.04 June 30, 1943------6, 115, 000. 00 lRay FoX------· 1, 024.92 Elizabeth Squire ______Leys A. France ______~ 1,074.96 1,294.92 NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL JEFFERSON Frederick A. Sterling____ _ 4,375.08 Robert Frazer------· 982.32 BICENTENARY COMMITTEE John A. Gamon ______3,106.68 Francis R. Stewart______2, 412. 84 Arthur Garrels ______5,420.76 Laurits S. Swenson!.----· 4,633.32 The SPEAKER. Pursuant to the pro .. Laura Garrety ______392.37 Merritt Swift ______1,650.00 visions of Public Law No. 196, Seventy­ William P. Garrety and Alfred R. Thomson ______3,042.36 eighth Congress, the Chair appoints as Ralph J. Totten ______estate __ ~------170.75 5,820.00 members of the National Agricultural Hugh S . Gibson ______• 6, 000.00 Roger Culver Tredwell __ _ 3,527.64 Jefferson Bicentenary Committee the fol­ Herndon W. Goforth ____ _ 553.53 Egmont C. Von Tresckow_ 1,579.92 lowing Members of the House: Messrs. H3rbert S. Goold ______1,407. 64 Cr aig W. Wadsworth ____ _ Louis H. Gourley ______2,835.12 FLANNAGAN, KLEBERG, COFFEE, HOPE, and 585.00 Ernest A. Wakefield ______1,800.00 S t uart E. G rumman ____ _ 1, 131.84 GILCHRIST. Louisa H. Gunther ______Alexander W. WeddelL __ _ 3,060.16 2,420.64 Post Wheeler ______REVENUE BILL Arminius T. Haeberle ___ • 4,622.16 4, 561', 44 Albert Halstead ______• 3,600.00 Mabel P. Williams ______600.00 Mr. DOUGHTON. Mr. Speaker, I ask Margaret M. Hanna _____ • 2,942.88 Charles S. Wilson--:------6,000.00 unanimous consent to take from the Ernest L. Harris ______4,579. 08 Hugh R. Wilson ______5,'766.60 Speaker's table the bill (H. R. 3687) to Charles M. Hathaway, Jr_ 4,745.40 G. Carlton Woodward ___ _ 1,566. 24 provide revenue, and for other purposes, Wiiliam W. Heard ______• 2,836.08 Romeyn Wormuth ___ .___ _ 1,918.08 with Senate· amendments thereto, dis­ Robert w. Heingartner __ _ 2,764. 08 Harriet S. Wright ______2,499.96 agree to the Senate amendments, and P. Stewart Heintzleman William J. Yerby ______2,400.00 agree to the conference asked by the and estate ______1,295.00 Bartley F. Yost ______- 2,828.40 Senate. Oscar S. Heizer------· 2,954.52 James !B. Young ______Herbert C. Hengstler ____ • · 4 , 875.48 3,239.28 The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Calvin M. Hitch ______. 2, 451.84 Total ______the request of the gentleman from North Philip Holland ______3,350. 70 4.42,100.75 Carolina? Charles L. Hoover ______3,395.88 There was no objection. Catherine Horton______,_ 600.00 Refunds: The SPEAKER appointed the follow· George Horton estate ___ .:_ 38.92 Walter A. Adams ______2, 102.31 Fay Durham Hosmer ____ _ 1,183.42 Carl H. Boehringer ______4.89 ing conferees: Messrs. DauGHTON, CuL­ William H. Hunt ______2 ," 400.00 Edward Caffery ______4,418.04 LEN, COOPER, DISNEY, KNUTSON, REED of John P. Hurley ______1,485.90 Albert H. Cousins, Jr ___ _ 2,373.47 New York, and WOODRUFF of Michigan. Carlton Bailey Hurst ____ _ 4,644.24 John P. Hurley______George N. Ifft ______• 2,876.60 EXTENSION OF REMARKS 1,8Q6.60 George Bliss Lane ______2, 051.37 E rnest I!.. Ives ______4,502.16 Frank C. Lee ______Mr. SHEPPARD. Mr. Speaker, I ask Jesse B. Jackson ______3,308.16 9,068.75 unanimous consent to extend my own Douglas Jenkins ______Gregor C. MerrilL ______1,260.25 5,004. 00 J. Loder Park ______remarks in the RECORD and include Wilbur Keblinger ______• 4,518.96 2,474.30 therein a copy of the program of the Leo J. Keena______758. 72 E. Edward Schefer ______1,048.70 Winthrop R. Scott ______ceremonies attendant upon the dedica­ Francis B. Keene ______• 2,646.24 5,856. 04 tion of the J. William Ditter Memorial Graham H. Kemper ______4,055.52 Oscar S. Straus, 2d _____ • 160.93 • Elwood Williams 3d_____ • Chapel at the Naval Air Station, Willow Olive Parr Knabenshue __ 2,016.00 196. 10 Grove, Pa., on yesterday, January 23, and Anne Howard Lay ______304. 20 David Williamson ______4,400. 62 Samuel T. Lee ______3,848.64 of the addresses made by myself and my Total ______Walter A. Leonard ______4, 545: 00 38,292.37 distinguished colleague, Hon. CHARLES A. Marion Letcher ______3,706.32 PLUMLEY, of Vermont, at those cere­ Will L. Lowrie ______Cost of additional investments 3,513.72 less value of investments re- monies. Clinton E. MacEachran_. deemed ______3,635.16 673,000.00 The SPEAKER. Is there objection to David B. MacGowan ____ • 2,363.40 the request of the gentleman from Cali­ John H. MacVeagh______' 1. 474.92 Alexander R. Magruder __ 4, 487.28 Total disbursements __ _ 1,153,393.12 fornia? 0. Gaylord Marsh______, 3,633.24 Balance in fund exclusive of There was no objection. Eugene A. Masuret ______1,637.16 investments, June 30, 1942 __ 19,402.83 Mr. MANASCO. Mr. Speaker, I ask Ferdina nd L. Mayer______4,615.92 Face value of investments, unanimous consent to extend my own Lester Maynard ______• 3,238.92 June 30, 1943------6,115,000.00 remarks in the RECORD and include 1944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--HOUSE 635 ' therein an address I delivered at the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask mayors' conference at Chicago on the the request of the gentleman from Penn­ unanimous consent to extend my own 21st of January. sylvania? remarks in the RECORD and include there­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to There was no objection. in newspaper articles. the request of the gentleman from Mr. COFFEE. Mr. Speaker, I ask The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Alabama? unanimous consent to extend my own re­ the request of the gentleman from There was no objection. marks in the RECORD and include therein Michigan? Mr. ZIMMERMAN. Mr. Speaker, I a copy of a speech by the Honorable M. J. There was no objection. ask unanimous consent to extend my own Coldwell, member of the Canadian Par­ Mr. MICHENER. Mr. Speaker, I ask remarks in the RECORD and include there­ liament. unanimous consent to extend my own in an editorial from the Washington Post The SPEAKER. Is there objection to I:emarks in the RECORD Ol• two occasions, of today, and further to extend my own the request of the gentleman from Michi­ and in one to include an editorial and in remarks and include therein a resolution gan? the other an article from a newspaper. from the Constitutional Convention of There was no objection. _ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Missouri, now in session at Jefferson City, Mr. GORDON. Mr. Speaker, I ask the request of the gentleman from urging giving our soldiers the right to unanimous consent to extend my own re­ Michigan? vote. marks in the RECORD and include therein There was no objection. Tlie SPEAKER. Is there objection to a timely article on Poland by Raymond Mr. JUDD. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ the request of the gentleman from Leslie Buell, which appeared in the New mous consent to extend my own remarks Missouri? York Times on January 21, 1944. ip the RECORD and include therein a tele­ There was no objection. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to gram from the Minnesota United Na­ Mr. POULSON. Mr. Speaker, I ask the request of the gentleman from Illi- . tions Committee in favor of U.N. R. R. A. unanimous consent to extend my own nois? The SPEAKER. Is there objection to remarks in the RECORD and include there­ There was no objection. the request of the .gentleman from in two editorials. Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, l ask Minnesota? The SPEAKER. Is there objection to unanimous consent to revise and extend There was no objection. the request of the gentleman from Cali­ the remarks I made today, and also to Mr. McLEAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask fornia? extend my own remarks in the RECORD unanimous consent to extend my own There was no objection. and include therein two short articles remarks in the REcORD and include Mr. JENKINS. Mr. Speaker, I ask from a newspaper and one editorial. therein an editorial. unanimous consent to extend my own The SPEAKER. Is there objection to The SPEAKER. Is there objection to remarks in the RECORD and include there­ the request of the gentleman from Illi­ the request of the gentleman from in an address delivered by my colleague, nois? New Jersey? the gentleman from New Jiampshire There was no objection. There was no objection. [Mr. MERROW]. Mr. LANE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ UNI1'ED NATIONS RELIEF .AND REHABILI­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to mous consent to extend my own remarks TATION ADMINISTRATION the request of the gentleman from Ohio? in the RECORD and include therein a very Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Speaker, I move There was no objection. interesting and instructive article by the that the House resolve itself into the Mr. BRADLEY of Michigan. Mr. majority leader, the gentleman from Committee of the Whole House on the Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ex­ Massachusetts [Mr. McCORMACK), which state of the Union for further considera­ tend my own remarks in the RECORD and appeared in the Postmasters Gazette, and tion of the joint resolution (H. J. Res. include therein an article from the Soo further to extend my remarks and in­ 192) to enable the United States to par­ Evening News about the remarkable clude therein a resolution adopted by the ticipate in the work of the United Na­ record achieved at the Soo locks last Department of Massachusetts, Disabled tions Relief and Rehabilitation organiza- year. American War Veterans. tion. ' · The SPEAKER. Is there objection to The SPEAKER. Is there objection to The motion was agreed to. the request of the gentleman from Michi­ the request of the gentleman from Mas­ Accordingly the House resolved itself gan? sachusetts? into the Committee of the Whole House 1 There was no objection. There was no objection. on the state of the Union for the further . PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE Mr. LARCADE. Mr. Speaker, I ask consideration of House Joint Resolution unanimous consent to extend my own re­ Mr. · BUSBEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask 192, with Mr. O'NEAL in the chair. marks in the RECORD with respect to the The Clerk read the title of the joint unanimous consent that on Wednesday soldiers' mustering-out pay bill vote, and next, at the conclusion of the legislative resolution. further to extend my remarks and in­ The CHAIRMAN. When the Com­ program of the day and following any clude therein an editorial from the special orders heretofore entered, I may mittee rose on Friday last, the first sec- ; Washington Post. tion of the joint resolution had been be permitted to address the House for 30 The SPEAKER. Is there objection· to minutes on the subject of the new ra­ read. The Clerk will report the first the request of the gentleman from committee amendment. tioning tokens. Louisiana? The Clerk read as follows: The SPEAKER. Is there objection to There was no objection. the request of the gentleman from Il­ Committee amendment: On page 1, line 3, Mr. VOORHIS of California. Mr. strike out the words "from time to time." linois? Speaker, I ask unanimous ctmsent to ex­ There was no objection. tend my own remarks in the RECORD and The committee amendment was EXTENSION OF REMARKS include therein a letter from ex-Senator agreed to. The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will re­ (Mr. MANSFIELD of Montana, Mr. TAY­ Owen to the Secretary of State. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to port the next committee amendment. LOR , Mr. COCHRAN, Mr. VURSELL, and Mr. The Clerk read as follows: ARENDS asked and were given permission the request of the gentleman from to extend their own remarks i:p. the California? Committee amendment: On page 1, line 4, ' There was no objection. after the word "'sums", insert "not to exceed RECORD. ) $1,350,000,000 in the aggregate." Mr. EBERHARTER. Mr. Speaker, I Mr. HOPE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan­ ask unanimous consent to insert in the imous consent to extend my own re­ The CHAIRMAN. The question is on Appendix of the RECORD two articles from marks in the REcoRD and include there­ agreeing to the committee amendment. r the Philadelphia Record, one by Samuel in some resolutions recently adopted by The committee amendment was Grafton and one by Charles Fisher, and the Kansas State Board of Agriculture. agreed to. I further ask unanimous consent to ex­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Mr. COURTNEY. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the last word. tend my own remarks and include the request of the gentleman from 1 therein an editorial that appeared in the Kansas? The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog~ Manzanar Free Press on January 1, 1944. :There was no objection. nizes the gentleman from Tennessee. J 636 CONGRESSIONAL RECO·RD-HOUSE JANUARY 24 Mr. COURTNEY: Mr. Chairman, I Yes. In truth, the Four Horseinen of preciated that it was not feasible for had expected to discuss some features of · the Apocalypse are riding furiously relief to India to be included in this pro­ the resolution now under consideration through Europe and Asia today. gram. The session concluded· with this last week. If my colleagues will forgive These boys of ours are dying in driving statement from him just prior to ad­ m·e for injecting here a very intimate the conquerors out: This bill is to en­ journment: matter, any duty assigned to me in re- ·. able us to give aid and succor to the help­ Mr. Chairman, I shall crave your indulgence cent days has been difficult of perform­ less people as they are liberated, give for one brief moment to thank you for refer­ ance. I have been grievously laboring them a chance to regain their way of life ence' to my country and to wish U.N. R. R. A. · under recent advice that a favorite again. In short, to effectuate the very · the fullest success in its beneficent and nephew of ours, to whom I was deeply de­ purpose for which the blood of our blood pressing task of carrying succor to those Yoted, a first lieutenant in the Air Force, whose heroic and steadfast resistance has is being spilled, and the flesh of our flesh lent to the concept of liberty a new glory Troop Transport Command, in the South is going to premature graves. and to the spirit of liberty a new meaning. Pacific area, was dead of burns received I know that as this bill is being offered, in line of duty. Yesterday, at his former millions in China, in Europe's ghettos, Mr. Chairman, the history of this pro­ home in Chicago, memorial exercises concentration camps, and Gestapo pris­ posed legislation, the cost of same to our were held so that his parents and other ons, and in all the vast underground of country, the details of its administra­ kin might say farewell to him with some the conquered areas, having known for tion, and the extent and limits to which· degree of finality. That was all they years only the tread of enemy's boots, it proposes to go have been discussed could do. They did not have ' and will will be overjoyed to see the sure and cer­ fully by many members of our commit._ not have his body, to lower into a grave tain signs of a great international army tee and are set out fully in the commit­ with the customary appropriate exer­ of relief following on the heels of the flee­ tee report. It is not necessary for me to cises. It will remain forever in some ing· persecutors. repeat that our country's contribution to spot, perhaps unmarked, far across the The word "UNRRA," that we have the cost of the program amounts to waves of the wide Pacific. Just a few· heard so often on the floor of the House $1,350,000,000-1 percent of our national sacred hymns, a few prayersy and the in th~ last few days, as has been aptly income for last year, an amount that book of his life was closed to family and said, "is a strange new word in the equals the cost of the prosecution of the friends alike. Gone in his early twenties, world's vocabulary, but one full of hope . war for 5 days only, a total insignificant just out of college, with so little of life to the world.'' · in comparison to the ends to be achieved. behind him and so much of life to live. A great deal has been said on the floor After the last war, in aid to Belgium and We had him with us in our home here in of the House about the fact that India is other countries, our country subscribed Washington just a few short months not included in the scope of the proposed twice this amount, or 4 percent of its ago. We took him. to places of interest · national income for the year 1919. The about the city, to the massive buildings program. India is a vast and mysterious 44 nations participating in this program, that serve the various departments of country, of which we know little, with each of which pledges its proportionate our Government. He had a camera problems and perplexities with which we part of the expense in what, in the last with him, and I remember with what in­ are not acquainted. There is hunger and analysis, is an international community terest he took pictures of buildings here suffering there, of course, but so there is chest, do not surrender their sovereignty, and there, and sent them ·home to be put in Cuba perhaps, in the South American but merely agree to work together for in a scrap-book, to see and see again in countries, and in countries all over the the· benefit of the millions who have the years to come. We did not dream · globe, not directly caused by the war. suffered most in the war. So that, with­ that in those very hours the moving To include suffering humanity every­ out going' again ·into these details, I finger was writing already that he was where, in this program, would so dissi­ would prefer to make these general ob­ not destined to ·see his pictures again, pate its resources as to destroy the objec­ servations: I have been a rather obscure· but that he was to die that the very· tive for which U. N. R. R. A. was con-. member of the Committee on Foreign· permanency of those institutions, housed ceived, namely to bring aid to liberated Affairs for nearly 5 years, and claim no within and typified by these edifices, countries. All this is fully e;xplained in credit for the recent accomplishments of might remain. the published hearings. . In a letter the committee. I am, however, deeply On reflection over the week end, how­ written by the Honorable Dean Acheson proud of my association with it because ever, I -came to the conclusion that I to the gentleman fr_om South Dakota -I believe that it is, somewhat. slowly per­ cannot let our proceedings under the [Mr. MUNDT] set .out on page 276 of the haps, but surely and certainly, aiding resolution now being considered to be document, there is this language: , Congress in forging for this coul}.try a closed and sealed without some notation I wish to assure you at the outset that I real and well-defined foreign policy. In of my ideas upon the same being re­ fully share the sympathy which you and March 1941 this committee brought to corded, because to my mind the resolu­ your colleagues in the House of Representp.­ the House the lend-lease bill, a develop­ tion under consideration has a direct tives have expressed for the victims of the ment in our foreign policy through which relation to this boy's death and to that terrible starvation conditions in Bengal and of the thousands of others of our boys. other areas in India. In drafting the agree­ the United Nations pooled their eco­ who, like him, will not return to us when ment for U. N. R. R. A., the purpose nomic resources for winning victory at these days of tragic emergency are was • • • to confront a problem un­ a time when the day seemed dark in­ passed and the lights come on again all precented in the history of the wo11ld in its deed and the course long and hard. As magnitude and tragedy, namely, that of has been aptly said, "the battle which over the world. dealing with the appalling barbarities which They will die to reclaim the countries have been inflicted upon the oppressed peo­ took place in this arena during the first of the world from tne tyranny of the ar­ ples of the occupied countries of Europe and months of 1941 was one of the decisive rogant conquerors, Japanese and Nazi Asia by the efficient ruthlessness of the Nazi battles of' this war." Lend-lease pro­ alike. These conquerors created in these and Japanese military machines. • • • To vided not only an essential pattern for invaded lands a situation vividly ex-.· prepare effectively it was necessary to define victory; it provided also the pattern by pressed on Thursday last by the dis­ the objectives. To make U. N. R. R. A. re­ which victory was to be achieved, the sponsible to relieve all suffering everywhere, tinguished gentlewoman from Ohio [Mrs. t raceable to the war, would lead to the de­ pattern of the United Nations. BoLToNl: pletion of its r~ources and· purposes quite Last year this committee brought to A situation such as the world has never beyond those which it was organized to per­ the House the Fulbright resolution, in seen, of starvation and destitution and hor­ form, without hope of achieving the funda­ form and language perhaps one of the ror; of indecency and violence; little chil­ mental objections. (Hon. Dean Acheson, As- , simplest resolutions ever to be sub­ dren wandering from o~e place to a.nother, sistant Secretary of State, who presided over mitted to this body, but in purpose and in rags, always cold and wet, or scorched with the first session of the U. N. R. R. A. .council effect as important and far reaching as the sun; children banded together for pro­ at Atlantic City.) tection, like animals, suspicious and at the any . ever to pe considered. While in mercy of any passing horror. Our widest This matter was all threshed out at somewhat different language, the same imagining does not give us the sense of what the meeting of the Council in Atlantic idea went into legislation in the Senate, these people have been suffering and are suf­ City, and the member of the Council· and our country is on record as favoring fering today. from India evidently understood and ap- the creation of appropriate international

~.~< I ' 1944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 637 machinery, with power adequate, to The amendment has been read and national debt of $300,000,000,000, with establish and maintain a just anc!·last­ agreed to and is not subject to amend­ interest charges of about $6,000,000,000 a - ing peace among the nations of the ment. The Clerk will report the next year, fixed charges, and with $2,000,000,- world, anq as favoring the participation committee amendment. · 000 more for veterans that will make a of the United States therein. The Clerk read as follows: fixed interest indebtedness of $8,000,000.~ Under the theory of the legislation Committee amendment: On page 1, line 6, 000 a year. And we are coming here and based upon that idea, there is presented after the word "determine", insert the words asking the Congress to authorize an ap­ a pattern for peace, a pattern that will ''from time to time." propriation of $1,350,000,000. All I am lead us away from the selfish isolation­ The CHAIRMAN. The question is on trying to do in this particular amend­ ism that· followed the last war and will agreeing to the committee amendment. ment is to provide that at least 90 per­ insure that our dead in this war will not cent of the money be spent in this coun­ have died in vain. The committee amendment was agreed try. for the benefit of our own wage The resolution that the committee to. earners in industries and on the farms brings you at this time is to supplement Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, 'I offer the and in the mines. If this were to be and strengthen that pattern for peace following amendment which I send to spent within· the next month probably and give our Nation, with 43 others, the the desk. · it would not be necessary, but nobody right and privilege of answering in the The Clerk read as follows: can tell when these countries will be affirmative that age-old question: "Am Amendment by Mr ..FISH: On page 1, line 5, liberated. It may go over 6 months or a I my brother's keeper?" But, after all, after the figures and words "$1,350,000,000 in year. We may have ample supplies when in helping others, we help ourselves. It the aggregate" insert "of which. 90 percent the war is won in Europe. We have al­ was well said at the meeting of the shall be spent for the purchase of farm prod­ ready reached the peak of production ·council in Atlantic City that the moral ucts and other supplies in the United States." here, or will in a few months' time, and and spiritual foundation of this legisla­ The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman after that we may again be confronted tion can be best expressed in the poet's from New York [Mr. FISH] is recognized with unemployment in the United States, words: ' for 5 minutes: and we may have millions of soldiers Any man's death diminishes me Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, the amend­ coming home to join the army of unem­ Because I am involved in mankind ment that I have offered is a very simple ployed as well as our factory worl{ers, And therefore never send to know amendment. It has one main purpose, who may then be out of work and yet you For whom the bell tolls. and that is that 90 percent of this huge oppose my amendment that this· money It tolls for thee. sum of money that we are authorizing in sha,ll be spent in America for American Mr. Chairn:an, it has been well said this bill, to the amount of $1,350,000,000; products and to provide employment for that there are no atheists in fox holes, shall be spent for agricultural products our own people. and as truly said that the most reli­ and other supplies in the United States. No one can say. that we will not have giously inclined of our servicemen are This is nothing new to the proposal. 20,000,000 unemployed by the end of those stout and valiant men of the air-, When the Congress passed the Red Cross 1945 . . who soar into the blue, venturing death bill and provided for an authorization I am in favor of substantial appro­ each moment. And as Members of Con­ of $85,000,000, it likewise provided that priations to feed the starving and to ·gress deliberate and legislate in these the entire $85,000,000 should be spent clothe the destitute in war-torn Europe trying and heartbreaking days, I do not exclusively in the· United States. This and to furnish them with medicinal sup­ believe that there are atheists here. is not temporary legislation going over plies, fuel, and the necessities of life In contemplating this legislation that a few months, but it may continue for but not one dollar for rehabilitation or will help save from further-suffering and a few years. It is the American tax­ reconstruction. We did not start this starvation the people of 35 nations and payers' money that is being· spent, and European war and although I am glad hundreds of islands overrun by the Axis I do not think that people from the Farm :for humanitarian reasons to vote for powers these 6 years past, in which were Belt want to go back home and sa,y they hundreds of millions to provide bread, living over five hundred million people, have voted $1,350,000,000 for relief in fats, and milk for the starving people, -these verses from the twenty-fifth chap­ foreign lands and have not protected particularly the women and children, I ter of St. Matthew came to my mind: American interests to the extent at least see no reason to build or rehabilitate tex­ I was an hungered and ye gave Me meat; that our own money be spent ·in America tile factories or any other factories in I was thirsty and ye gave Me _drink; I was a to buy supplies here, whether they are Europe when we are facing national stranger and ye took Me in; naked and ye agricultural, medicinal, clothing, fuel, or bankruptcy in America. clothed Me; I was in prison and ye came other needed supplies. The amendment Mr. ZIMMERMAN. Will the gentle­ unto Me. has no partisan significance whatever. Then shall the righteous answer saying: man yield? It is a pu;::e American amendment, con­ Mr. FISH. I yield. Lord, when saw we Thee an hungered and fed sistent with precedents of the past. Thee, or thirsty and gave Thee drink? When Mr. ZIMMERMAN. I am interested saw we Thee a stranger and took Thee in, or I recall to the House that we are now in agriculture as much as anybody in naked and clothed Thee? Or when saw we struggling to provide additional taxes. this House. I would like to ask the dis­ Thee sick or in prison and came unto Thee? The President asked for $10,000,000,000, tinguished gentleman from New York And the King shall answer and say unto and Congress could find only two billion this question. You do not think that the them: Verily I say unto you, inasmuch as ye and a quarter dollars, and yet we are Committee on Appropriations that will have done it unto one of the least of these, about to appropriate $1,350,000,000 for My brethren, ye have done it unto Me. deal with these appropriations from year relief in foreign countries. I am merely to year will have the opportunity, and Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, I have an proposing that 90 percent of this money that they will be the proper committee amendment to the committee amend­ be spent to purchase supplies in our own to place a limitation on any sum of money ment. country. Some of our own people are that is appropriated from year to year or Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Chairman, I make asking for consumers' benefits and sub­ from time to time to carry out the pur­ the point of order that the committee sidies to the amount of $1,500,000,000. amendment has already been agreed, to So far, that has been turned down. Yet poses of this bill? and the gentleman's amendment comes there are those in the House who would Mr. FISH. I will say to the gentleman, too late. There are two committee authorize the appropriation of this vast the Committee on Appropriations will amendments. sum with no limitation whatever as to have no authority under the law what­ The committee amendment to section where the money will be spent or even ever to limit these appropriations. All 1 on line 3 has been read and agreed to, confining it to food, clothing, fuel, and it can do is make appropriations. It can­ and the committee amendment on page medicinal supplies and not for rehabili­ not say that a dollar shall be spent in 1, line 4, inserting the words "not to ex­ tation and reconstruction. America or how it shall be spent-that ceed $1,350,000,000 in the aggregate" has I call attention to the fact that now is the function of the legislative com­ already been agreed to. we have a debt of approximately $200,- mittees of the House. The CHAffiMAN. The gentleman 000,000,000. Probably if the war contin­ The CHAIRMAN. The time of the from New York [Mr. BLOOM] is correct. ues for another year, we will have a gentleman has expired. 638 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 24 Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. Mr. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman would be the question of transportation. Chairman, I rise in opposition to the from Massachusetts is recognized for 5 In fact, without adequate transporta­ amendment. . additional minutes. · · tion, all the food we could ship into cen­ The CHAffiMAN. The gentleman Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Chairman, I say, tral Europe or e~stern Europe would be from Texas is recognized for 5 minutes. reserving the right to obj.ect. worth absolutely nothing. The trans­ . Mr. ROFFMAN. Mr. Chairman, a The CHAIRMAN. The Chair waited a portation problem is going to be the most parliamentary inquiry. sufficient time and did not hear any ob­ crucial and most vital, because, as I think The CHAmMAN. The gentleman jection. every Mem'Qez: or' this House knows, has been recognized. Does the gentle­ Mr. HOFFMAN. Well, I was on my transportation facilities nave already man from Texas yield for a parlia;­ feet, Mr. Chairman. · · · ·deteriorated terrifically. In the event of mentary inquiry? The CHAffiMAN. The gentleman a collapse ther~ is likely to happen ex­ Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. . ~ot from Massachusetts is recognized for 5 actly what happened in the last war. right now. additional minutes. The entire transportation system will go Mr. Chairman, this amendment ought Mr. WHITE. Mr. Chairman, reserving to pieces. What then would be the ma­ not to be adopted. I believe that if the the right to object, I wonder if-- jor contribution that this country would gentleman who offered the amendment The CHAffiMAN. The gentleman be called upon to make from the point had been a member of the Committee from Massachusetts has.been recognized. of view of this emergency relief? It on Foreign Affairs that considered this Does the gentleman from Massachusetts would be to furnish transportation. It legislation for the weeks and· months yield to the gentleman from Idaho? would be the obvious thing for the U.N. that we have considered it, and if lie Mr. HERTER. I yield. R. R. A. to call on the United States Army knew all tbe conditions and methods. of Mr. WHITE. I will ask my question at to release to it as quickly as possible the operation, he would not have offered the the proper time. · maXimui:n number of trucks that could amendment: The purchase of supplies Mr. HERTER. Mr. Chairman, the be made available to distribute food­ in this country and what this country only reason I am rising in opposition to stuffs throughout the chaotic regions. will furnish will be determined not by this amendment is that I think the gen­ Every truck so turned over would be U. N. R. R. A., but by officials of our tleman who offered the amendment has credited against this maximum commit­ Government. · TJ;lere will .be no disposi­ ~ misconception as· to the actual nature ment which the United States is being tion to not furnish anytf:ling that our of a relief operation as provided for un­ called on to make in this bill. The same part consists of where it can be had in der the U.N. R. R. A. agreement, and as is true of every pair of shoes that would this country without jeopardizing our is required by the circumstances which I be provided. It is true of every bit of stock supplies of what we need in this think we have to visualize, both on the cloth or material and of uniforms and of country. . continent of Europe and possibly in parts field kitchens and of medicines. In other words, Mr. Chairman, when of Asia in the event of the cessation of The material which the Army is col­ U. N. R. R. A. makes a call upon the hostilities. . lecting in north Africa and elsewhere United States for a contribution either We are still unclear as to the nature for military purposes will, at the time of in money, funds, or. in goods, that re­ of progress in the Pacific war. But inso­ the collapse, represent surplus goods quest has to clear through the agencies far as Europe is concerned, we face two which this country will not want to of the United States Governm.ent to de­ possibilities. The first is that we shall bring back to the United States in ships .. termine whether or not we can, without liberate these countries, piece by piece, We will want to use those ships to bring jeopardizing or hurting our . 0\Vn stock and U.N. R. R. A. will be called on to the boys back. The surplus material supplies, furnish the materials, and if we 'come-in only when the military says the will no longer be required for carrying cannot do . it, it will not be furnished. 'time is ripe for a 'civilian organization to out the war. I do not think anybody It is contemplated that a large percent­ admfnister · relief behind the lines. If in- this Chamber would want to see ·us age of what the United States contrib-. that particular situation should. exist, I use shipping to bring second..:.hand utes either in goods or in money will be suspect that the sum of money that is trucks, second-hand field kitchens, or purchased in this country. But it would provided for in this bill will never be util­ surplus shoes, clothing, medicines, and be foolish to put in a strait jacket such ized to the full, or nearly to the full, by things . like that back to this country. as this amendment would do, the ques­ U.N. R. R. A., because the major portion The greatest utility for thls material tion of how and what percentage should of 'this bit-by-bit relief operation will would be to finish the job that the mili­ be purchased in this country. have to be done as a matter of military tary boys have done, namely, make the Mr. Chairman, the amendment should nec'essity by our military forces. liberation of those people ~ reality, so be defeated. _ that they dp not die of starvation, .do Mr. Chairman, I yield back the bal- The second possibility, the one which I think we all hope for, is that there will not ·die of disease, after they have been ance of my time. · liberated. This military equipment can Mr. HERTER rose. come a sudden defeat of Germany and a collapse of the Central Powers, tn be used for that purpose, and every bit The CHAIRMAN. For what purpose of it so turned over would be credited does the gentleman from Massachusetts which . event there will be a sudden and very great over-all relief problem, a against the maximum figure that is rise? , specified 'in this agreement. Mr. HERTER. Mr. Chairman, I rise problem that will be directly connected ln opposition to the amendment. with universal chaos on most of the con­ Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. - Mr. The CHAffiMAN. The· gentleman tinent of Europe. Should that happen, Chairman, will the gentleman yield? ·from Massachusetts is recognized for 5 and at the moment it seems a most likely Mr. HERTER. I yield. minutes. thing to happen, what are the actual Mr. AUGUST ·H. ANDRESEN. I am Mr. EATON. Mr. Chairman, will the processes of relief? What has to be glad to have the gentleman'c expla~a­ gentleman yield? - done? Obviously No. 1 is to have sup­ tion and to get the gentleman's point Mr. HERTER. l yield. plies readily at hand and accessible. The of view. ·would the gentleman point Mr. EATON. Mr. Chairman, it so second is to have transportation to get out where there is anythinG in the agree­ happens that the gentleman who is now them where they are needed. In the ment that provides for a credit against about to· address us is the only Member sum of money that is provided for' in this the appropriation of these items the gen­ of this House who has had long and bill, which is merely a maximum amount tleman has mentioned? ·varied· experience in relief work after the to which specific limitations can be Mr. HERTER. I would be glad to give . First World War, since he was a high considered at the time the actual ap­ my understanding of the answer to that official in all the work that this Nation propriation comes before the House, it is question and I am sure a member of did. Therefore I ask unanimous con­ provided that all gifts in kind shall be the committee would be glad to confirm sent that at this point lie m~y - have an credited against that amount which rep­ it, namely, that all gifts in kind are additional 5 minutes. resents the maximum liability of this to be credited against the quota of any The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection? country. Now, if we actually-got into a nation; and to be credited at such a There was no objection. sudden large relief operation, which valuation or figure as that- nation itself :Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Chairman, re­ would be essential in the event of the puts on the particular article that is . serving the right to object- collapse, just as important as foodstuffs turned over. 1944 'CONGRESSIONAL' RECORD-HOUSE 639 Mr. WRIGHT. Mr. Chairman, will · Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Chairman, I matter, should be afraid of another the gentleman yield? -have a preferential motion which is at smear campaign is beyond my compre­ Mr. HERTER. I yield. the Clerk's desk. hension. The Communists, the New Mr. WRIGHT. An explanation of The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman Dealers, the smear artists; certain publi­ your experience with the transportation from Michigan [Mr. HOFFMAN] offers a cations, among which we found the New problem after the last war might be preferential motion, which the Clerk will Republic, the Daily Worker, the Chicago ip.teresting, your experience of being report. Sun, New Masses, and a host of pam­ forced to operate a railroad in relief after The Clerk read as follows: phlets and books, and a few radio scan­ ·the last war, in order to get food and Mr. HoFFMAN moves that the Committee do dalmongers like Winchell, ever since be­ provisions to the starving people of now rise and report the bill back to the fore the November elections of 1942 right Europe. House with the recommendation that the down to the present moment, have been Mr. HERTER. I think what the gen­ enacting clause be stricken out. engaged-and they will continue to be tleman is referring to is two separate ·The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman engaged-in a vicious, lying campaign, things. Immediately after the armistice from Michigan is recognized for 5 min­ charging a lack of patriotism and loyalty ·in the last war, the American Relief Ad­ utes. to all those who vigorously and effectively ministration, which was then by unani­ Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Chairman, this oppose the New Deal, the overthrow of mous consent the organization charged method of gaining the floor to speak on our Government, either by force or by with the primary responsibility of trying this bill is employed because no other was subterf1,1ge; who believe ~n America, and to ·maintain some order in central ayailable. who insist that we, as do Stalin and Europe, borrowed from the United States Without in any way criticizing the Churchill, think and act first in the in- Army, 1,100 Army officers. They imme- discretion of the gentleman from New 'terests of our own country. . diately proceeded to almost every vital Jersey [Mr. EATON], who is the ranking After the last war this country spent center in central J.nd eastern Europe, minority member of the committee and some $2,000,000,000 in relieving the un­ · with the primary purpose of trying to who had control of the time during 2 fortunate people of Europe in war­ -keep transportation moving. Later, in days of general debate, the opponents stricken areas. That money was spent 1922, when the American Relief Admin­ of it could not, except in a few instances, without criticism by one of the outstand­ . istration and the European Relief Coun­ · get time except to extend their remarks ing statesmen of that day and of today, . cil went into Russia, the primary problem in the RECORD. The next time that pro­ Herbert Hoover. It was spent so e:fli­ · again was transportation. Some 200 . cedure is followed by the ranking minor­ ciently, so effectively that no one criti­ -American boys were in there and there ity member, it will be my purpose to cized. . were 750,000 Russians working under claim a question of personal privilege and A similar situation confronts us today, -them. Their problem was to keep a ·take 1 hour, so we might just as well know . Herbert Hoover is still alive; still ready -completely disorganized railroad system that there should be a fair division of and willing, we may all assume, to re­ · · moving, a job which they did, considering the time hereafter- or Members will be . peat his magnificent work in feeding the their experience and the untold difficul­ forced to protect themselves by every hungry of the world. But this admin­ . ties, with remarkable skill. available procedure. istration will have none of it. Fearful Mr. VORYS of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, STILL HYPNOTIZED . that Hoover might do the job e:fliciently · will the gentleman yield? Although the voters at the 1942 elec­ and so earn some measure of credit for Mr. HERTER. I yield. tions repudiated the New Deal-lock, himself and incidentally for the political Mr. VORYS of Ohio. The gentleman stock, and barrel-and although the party to which he belongs, the President · is also on the Republican F,ood Commit­ voters in a Democratic Pennsylvania dis­ will not avail himself of Hoover's ac­ . tee and has given great study to that trict cast 57 percent of their votes in knowledged talents. Nor will he entrust : subject. Is it not true that in general repudiation of tlie New Deal, and in an­ the expenditure of this billion, three hun­ · we have more foreign exchange than we other, a Republican district in -the same dred and fifty million dollars, for which · have surplus food, and there might arise · State, by 83 percent of the votes cast he is asking, to a commission made up of instances where we would rather spend said they wanted none of it, some Demo- American citizens intent upon American more than 10 percent of our money buy­ . crats for political reasons, and some Re­ interests . . ing food from Argentina to ship abroad publicans because they have been in­ With the idea of a super United States rather than to continue under rationing timidated by the Winchells of the ad­ of the world, a super world government, · for a longer period in this country, so ministration and because they may be in the back of the minds of the New that we could send our own food abroad. afraid of accusations of disloyalty, still, Dealers, they are determined that· every Mr. HERTER. I agree entirely with when it comes to foreign policy, continue possible use shall be made of every situ­ the gentleman, that to put ourselves in a .to be led around by the nose by the New ation to further union now or some sim.. strait jacket so that we had to supply Deal foreign policy. ilar plan. a great bulk of food for this relief oper- The President realizes the people are Until our Constitution has been super­ , ation would be very foolish on our own sick of the New Deal, and this was con­ seded by a world agreement; until our part. We do not know whether we are clusively shown when he indicated not so flag has been hauled down and some in­ going to face a crop failure in the United long ago that he wanted a new slogan ternational. rag run up in its place, those States next year or not. We do not know for the pending campaign, He served whether Argentina will produce a large notice that during the pending campaign who would, as they said, remake Amer­ crop. We do not know what the situa- he was burying the slogan, "The New ica, will never be satisfied, will never . tion will be in Australia, New Zealand, Deal", adopting· the one of "Win the cease to charge all who oppose them with Canada, or other places. War." disloyalty. Mr. ROLPH. Mr. Chairman, will the That has been the slogan of the Ameri­ The Republican Party having an­ gentleman yield? can people ever since the 7th day of De­ nounced that it would collaborate with Mr. HERTER. I yield. cember 1941, and even Franklin Delano other nations in restoring and maintain­ Mr. ROLPH. The gentleman has I1fade Roosevelt cannot monopolize it. ing peace, the New Dealers and the in­ ternationalists brazenly assume that col­ a very interesting st~tement of his posi­ That the New· Dealers merely wish to tion with reference to this amendment. have the term forgotten for the dura­ laboration means, so far as we are con- Would the gentleman favor rephrasing tion of the campaign is shown by the . cerned, follow along. They have as their those words to say, "or American-pro­ statement of Vice President WALLACE last motto the words of the old song, "Where duced goods"? Saturday night when he said: He leads me, I will follow," and they Mr. CRAWFORD. That is in there al· Roosevelt, God willing, will in the future damn all who do not choose to follow ready. give the New Deal a firmer foundation than the broad and easy way which leads to . . The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gen­ it has ever had before. So, on with the New destruction. tleman from New York has expired. Deal. This pending measure is entirely un­ Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Chairm-an, I In view of the election returns, just necessary. It is the opening wedge move to strike out the last word. why Republicans, or Democrats, for that which will let through for years to coma

\ 640 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY ~4 ·a stream of gold collected from the al­ Why is it that the Republicans cannot, or enemies; the reestablishment of a con­ ·ready overburdened taxpayer. It is an­ will not, take a stand on this issue 1n oppo­ stitutional form of government here at other step toward the surrender of a por­ sition to the New Deal? Why do Republicans home. take the charge of lying down, that they are tion of our sovereignty; toward the sub­ responsible for this war 'by their "isolationist" The Government has men in the armed ordination of our interests to the plans policies when there is not a particle of truth forces who have been especially trained , and the purposes of a group of foreign in the charge? for administrative duties in conquered -power politicians. Did not the Republican Party do everything lands and those men rather than a group So far as I know, no one objects to the it was reasonably possible to do in the way of like U.N. R. R. A. should be charged with ·giving of any reasonable aid to those .international pacts and agreements to insure the expenditure of any funds appropri­ who are in need of food or clothing. world peace? Do present-day Republicans ated by Congress. not know the history of their party in foreign The CHAIRMAN. The time of the There is no reason, however, why we affairs when it was in power after the last should spend money which may be war? What was "isolationist" about their gentleman from Michigan has expired. ·needed, which will be needed, to care foreign policy? Mr. BLOOM. I do not know whether for, to hospitalize, to rehabilitate, our What did the New Deal do froin 1933 to the the gentleman from Michigan desires to returnin g veterans-use that money to outbrealt of the war in Europe in 1939 to pre­ withdraw his· motion or not. If not, rehabilitate people in other countries. serve wbrld peace? Certainly the policy of I want to oppose him at the propei· time. What we are asked by this bill is not the New Dealers didn't keep us out of war. The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentle­ to appropriate the $1 ,350,000,000 to be Did they not promise that their policy, and man fi'om New York seek recognition only their policy, would keep our boys from spent under the supervision of Ameri­ again being sent to die on foreign soil. Bid on the motion at this time? cans for relief, but to appropriate that it? The New Dealers had their own way Mr. BLOOM. Not at this time. sum· to be spent by an international right down to Pearl Harbor: The CHAffiMAN. The gentleman organization in which. sit 44 representa.. Now, why was the fieet tied up at Pearl from New York [Mr. REED] is recog­ tives of 44 nations, and where we shall Harbor, a perfect target for an attack? Was nized. ·have one of 44 votes. it the Republicans who kept it tied up there, Mr. REED of New Yoi-k. Mr. Chair­ That money is to be used not only for and the air force stationed there asleep? man, this proposed U.N. R. R. A. is an ·relief, but, under the terms of the bill, Would the Japs have attacked Pearl Harbor anti-Christian approach to a traditional if the fleet had been out in deep water, . it is to be used for rehabilitation­ stripped for action? And why have the com­ Christian problem. I am sure that the rehabilitation of people and of nations. manders of the Army and Navy in charge at overwhelming sentiment of the Amer­ Just why we should continue to place Pearl Harbor not been brought to court mar­ ican people, true to a.long and honorable the interests of the people of other lands tial, and all tho.se responsible for that major tradition, is favorable to rendering aid before the welfare of our own is a ques­ tragedy exposed? to the sick, hungry, and suffering men, tion which is puzzling many of our citi­ -Well, by the way they are acting, you'd women, and children of Europe and Asia. zens. Many of our citizens have had think it was they. I dare say that of the 2,000,000,000 people And finally, the New Dealers, feeling that their businesses, their means of liveli­ they have the Republicans on the run on in this world, that of this number the · hood, destroyed by this war. They have foreign policy, are heaping it on. They are 700,000,000 adherents of the Christian taken their losses uncomplainingly and promising thP. people everlasting peace; they faith wish to give concrete expression · they cannot understand why the busi­ say they know how-but they are not tell­ to that faith by rendering aid and mercy . nesses, the cities, the nations, across the ing-and of course, the Republicans are too to the suffering, hungry victims of this sea should be restored, rehabilitated, by mealy-mouthed to ask them. But the Amer­ devastating war. Believing, as I do, that funds to which they have contributed by ican people know about the pledges and such is the sentiment of the Ch1istian promises made by the New Dealers. And their tax payments. everybody in America knows--except, of people everywhere, I stand ready at any In my humble judgment the m_oney course, the Republican leaders-that Mr. and all time's to vote the necessary funds . which we appropriate to feed and to Stalin and Mr. Churchill are going to have to the extent that reasonable assurance clothe people whose countries have been something to say about the kind of peace can be given that such funds will be overrun and are now occupied by Hitler that will be established after the wa.r is won. used for the high and noble humani­ or by Japan should be spent by and under And there are plenty of signs that it is not tarian purpose which our traditionally the direction of an American or an going to be anything like what the New Deal­ generous people have in mind. American commission. ers are attempting to tell the American peo­ I do not intend to permit myself, un­ ple it will be. But the Republicans---oh, I shall not vote to give billions of dol­ what's the use-they need an undertaker, not der the pressure of the hysteria of the lars to any group of foreigners to spend a Presidential candidate. moment, to give support to legislation as they may wish; to spend so that the clothed in the habiliment of human sym­ recipients of those funds can come in I cannot agree with the Westmoreland pathy as a means of obscuring from pub· competition with the American wage Observer that the Republicans need an lie view the world political power Frank­ earner or the American businessman. undertaker, unless, by that statement, enstein concealed within. , When this administration asks for the editor means that the Republicans It is not the amount of money involved money to be used where needed to relieve intend to bury the New Deal and need in this bill that is important just now be­ suffering and to be spent under American one for that purpose. However, in my cause it is a matter of recorded history supervision, my vote shall be cast in favor opinion, the New Deal will bury itself. that as a nation drifts and finally faces · of the needed appropriation. Nor should the Republican leaders be insolvency the most plentiful and cheap­ That the people know what is going on criticized too much because they have est product of that nation at such a time here in Washington and that they _are not been more actively opposed to the is money. This Nation is surfeited with - resentful of the fact that still, on occa­ New Deal. Some of us have fought the money, borrowed money. In every step sion, like sheep we follow the New Deal New Deal from the beginning right down taken by the New Deal in its all-inclu­ · leadership, is evident from the attached to the present moment and look at what sive program of enforced scarcity, money editorial from the Westmoreland Ob­ we got-abuse all the time, charged with is the one thing that has become increas­ server of January 13, 1944, published at disloyalty most of the time, and the peo­ ingly and dangerously plentiful. . Greensburg, Pa. That editorial reads: ple, until November 1942, on every occa­ Is it necessary to set up this U. N. R . sion expressing their approval of the R. A. machinery for becoming entangled IT DOES MAKE YOU LAUGH New Deal. · A New Dealer sees a Republican stick his in a new world order of power politics head out of his storm cellar to sniff the politi­ Leaders have been a little slow to catch to effectively distribute $1,350,000,000 cal wind, and shouts "isolationist." The up with some of the opposition to the to starving men, women, and children Republican quickly ducks back in his hole. New Deal. But the people themselves-­ throughout Europe and Asia? Are there This illustrates the gutless state of mind of editors especially-have been somewhat no existing Christian organizations with the Republican Party. lukewarm; not overly aggressive in criti­ long and honorable records of humani­ In conceding a half-hearted endorsement cizing this administration and its poli­ tarian achievement, fully equipped in of the Roosevelt-New Deal foreign policy, and cies. Perhaps that was due to a large trying to fit it, as a plank, into the Republican · every way to administer the desired re­ Party, only reveals to American voters the extent to the fact that we are at war lief? Of course there are such organi­ utter decadence of the party and disgusts mil­ and all wish to proceed cautiously. - zations, ready and prepared to act. lions of citizens who would like a chance to Let us hope that, once more and soon, They are now operating in the field. vote on this issue. all will be devoted to the defeat of our· What is wrong with the National Red 1944 CONGRESSIONAL_RECORD-HOUSE 641 Cross, the Society of Friends, and others? tions, nor war. There will still be the be stupidity, there will be selfishness, Who objects to utilizing the facilities-and menace to this Republic from within and there will be failures due to human personnel of these great agencies of from without from the impact .of fas­ frailty, but it is our first attempt to meet mercy? cism, communism, or collectivism in one the challenge of the new age and I I will teil you who they are: They are form or another. There will be unem­ hope and pray that the Memoers of this the alien-minded power politicians who ployment here and abroad and political great body will not hamstring this legis­ seek to build a new world order, who master minds will be on hand to play l2.tion by a lot of useless amendments. see in this fund of $1,300,000,000 and upon the discontented and the revolu­ Rather, let us face the fact that this is . other billions to follow the very elements tionaries. The .witches' kettle of class primarily an attempt, as suggested by of political domination of starving popu­ hatred will be well stirred as a means to the gentleman from South Dakota on lations. No tears will be shed over the political power. Friday last, to achieve in some real de­ . ghastly victims of starvation by those Let us not by this unwise, un-'Ameri­ gree cooperation and collaboration who will control the organization set up can legislation arm the international among the nations of the world. Per­ by this legislation. · The alien-minded political manipulators with an instru­ sonally, I hope with all my heart that manipulators of our declarations of pol­ mentality of power with which they can with this beginning we may finally evolve icy do not favor, but instead desperately exercise control of life and death over a world civilization based upon freedom, fear, the adoption of a plan by which the starving victims of war. justice; and humane good will. distribution of food and clothing will be The CHAIRMAN. The time of the Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Chairman, I made by Christian agencies. 'What has gentleman from New York has expired. move to strike out the last two words. been the excuse given by some of our All time on the preferential motion Mr. Chairman, I was rather sorry to allies in justification of letting little in­ has expired. hear my good friend the gentleman from nocent, starving, pot-bellied, moaning The question is on the motion of the New Yorl{ [Mr. REED], for the first time babies starve? Why, they say: "What if gentleman from Michigan. since 1 have been a Member, use Chris­ the Nazis should steal it and thus pro­ The motion was rejected. tianity as a reason for not voting for a long tbe war?" But dees the evidence Mr. EATON. Mr. Chairman, I rise in· bill. It happens that I am a communi­ show that this danger exists? Dr. How­ opposition to the amendment proposed cant of the Catholic Church and a ard E. Kershner, director of relief in by the gentleman from New York. Christian. I had an idea that if Chris­ Europe from 1939 to 1942 for the Ameri­ The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman tianity were going to be injected into this can Friends Service Committee, stated from New Jersey is recognized for 5 debate it might be as an argument for that not a mouthful of food se.nt to the minutes. the proposal certainly not as an argu­ people in other occupied countries ever Mr. EATON. Mr. Chairman, I would ment against it. In any event, it is the reached the mouths of the enemy. Does not take this time except for two rea­ first time I have ever heard any Member not our State Department bear witness sons: First, the statement of the gentle­ go so far as to inject the great truths and to the fact that the enemy forces or man from· Michigan that I have 7 sons. · influences of Christianity and of all the populations have never had access to the I greatly regret I have but 1. I have 7 creeds that constitute Christianity as a 19,000 tons of food going to Greece each of my family in this World War. One reason for voting against any legislation. month? nephew was killed bombing over Ger­ We should not fail to grasp the re­ This piece of legislation, like so many many; another, bombing over Holland, quirements of our present or future po­ .New Deal proposals, has set forth in it was shot down and is now a prisoner in sition or to comprehend the probable a worthy objective, but concealed within a German camp; I have 1 grandson in current of international affairs. its provisions are commitments to fur­ Italy this minute on the firing line; I The United States has played a unique ther alien intrigues in the field of world have another grandson in the marines, and vastly important part in its lifetime power politics. . and the others are scattered in the Pa­ in the history of nations. The printed pages of the hearings on cific and on various fronts. I wish to We have territory, natural wealth this resolution

above all, recognize ~TUrkey, and other neutral supply offsetting exchange. with Allied victory comes, all others will countries, as well as in north Africa. I think it is evident to anybody who savor the lifting of oppression, the free .. Many refugees are already in these lands wants to think for 2% minutes, that we dom to return to life and liberty, save the but more could be made to come and thus are not long on foreign exchange today. Jews. Others have at least a shred of end their misery and suffering from Nazi We are buying the goods of the non­ hope of survival, but the Jews are in a jackals. These reservations or camps of warring world. As an illustration, the death chamber. mercy would become temporary havens other day we purchased 4,000,000 tons The statement of the President setting for these unfortunate victims of Nazi ter­ of the 1944 crop of sugar from Cuba. up the new war Refugee Board happily ror, until permanent homes through We are purchasing agricultural and pas­ recognized the especially tragic plight of repatriation, immigration, and transfers toral products in Cuba and other Latin­ the Jew. The President appreciates that to friendly countries can be effected. As American countries by millions of tons extraordinary efforts may be required the older refugees are taken and evacu­ in our effort to keep their economy bal­ in order to aid and help Jews now in the ated from these reservations, room would anced. What we are going to do with Nazi charnel house. be made for the rescue of newcomers these agricultural goods that we are pil.;. The War Refugee Board is presided from the Nazi charnel house. ing up, I do not know, unless we use over by the Secretaries of War, Treasury, If Palestine is made available-not by them in this country, and take our goods and State. ~ These men cannot do the real will of an Arab majority, but as matter of to send away as exports so as to make ' work, the spade work, required. They right, in accordance with the Balfour an opening for the imports here in the can initiate broad policies. Thus the declaration which was approved and ac­ United States. I· laboring oar must be held by an execu­ cepted by our own country-thousands I cannot figure out what you are going tive director and a staff of assistants. upcn thousands will manage to escape to to do with American agriculture in the such personnel must be carefully select­ it. No matter where the Nazis happen· post-war period with all the reserve ed. They must be impressed with the to hold the Jews, they will sever the bonds stocks of imported goods plus our in­ ftascos of Evian and Bermuda so that ax:d destroy the locks that hold them, if creased production. So, I favor the Fish there shall be no repetition thereof. they realize that Palestine will receive amendment~ If we could get the Fish 646 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 'JANUARY 24 amendment incorporated in this bill I Mr. Chairman, the proponents of this Power politics in the international field could support the bill. But otherwise, I bill and the bill itself-considering the are of two main kinds: the open and brutal aggression of Hitler and his armies, and the do not now see how I could support it. manner in which it has been presented hidden and more subtle direction of affairs Another point is this: Take the hun­ together with its wording and general by the power of money. Hitler can and must dreds of millions of pounds of wool that background-to me present an enigma. and shall be smashed by force of arms, but we have stacked up in this country, which I simply refer to the debate of the mem­ who ·is to smash th~ other and more in­ we have purchased from other countries. bers of the committee and the amend­ sidious foe? What are you going to do with that wool ments which they are offering and the President Roosevelt must answer this ques­ unless we ship our wool out to take care remarks they are making about the bill tion before his guaranty to the smaller na­ of this situation by making room for the on and off the floor. Just why all the tions can amount to anything more than imported wool? You have from forty to obscurity and ambiguousness in the bill, · pious moonshine. sixty billion dollars' worth of surplus war the hearings, and the debate. Look at And, like unto Baldwin, President Roose­ the appendix in the hearings and read velt's lips are sealed. material which you will have to deal with It stands to reason that, so long as finan­ at the end of this war. There will prob­ the background and give a simple ex­ cial interests dominate the international po­ ably be in that inventory two or three planation if you can. Just what part is sition within the great nations, they will re­ billion dollars worth of foodstuffs prQ­ this so-called relief plan to play in post­ tain the power to cross national frontiers duced in this country. What are you go­ war international power politics? When and control the internal position within the ing to do with those stocks of foodstuffs? we authorize a post-war one and one­ smaller nations. It is they who are the Give it away in addition to this $1 ,350,- third billion dollars to be spent and all assessors of good behavior and it is they, 000,000 or will part of that money-the in advance we should know what we are in the last resort, who call upon the gov­ $1,350,000,000-be used to purchase from doing. Some members of the committee ernments of the great n.ations they control want to materially alter the bill; others through usury to apply the stick. the Treasury Department, or some other The remedy? There can be, at any rate at department, some of that war reserve want to recommit it; others seem doubt­ the start, no remedy on international lines, foodstuff produced in this country, and ful about this great experiment we are since the representatives of the nations send it away? Just what are you going to about to launch. If we had the money which had not first put down financial brig­ do with the enormous local and foreign with which to pay the bill that would be andage at home would be the brigands stocks of foodstuffs we are building up so different to our present situation. It themselves, through their nominees. The as reserve supplies along with our post­ is almost impossible for me to accept the present vicious circle would be perpetuated. bill as anything less than a part of the What is required, therefore, is for national war excess production? governments to control their own finances-a Here is the State Department putting general over-all power politics approach in which we have become so deeply in­ step impossible to take until they have first on a program every Saturday night, sell­ cut adrift from· the international financial ing ideas to the people of this coun­ volved and on this question I should like system which, in turn, cannot be achieved try. To my amazement, this last Sat­ to submit for the RECORD this interesting until they have reduced international trade w·day night, they proposed to the statement by Mr. A. K. Chesterton of to a quid pro quo trade in genuine surpluses, people of this country that we are un­ London, England, and taken from the after maximal national production has, as Liberal Advocate, this observation being far as possible, met the requirements of max­ willing to accept payment for the goods pere submitted for reference only and to imal national demand. and cr-edits which we extend to other show what the other fellow is thinking When that has been done, and only when countries, the State Department there­ and saying. A lot of bold promises are that has been done-! it will be possible for by building up an argument to reduce being made these days but some time we nations both large and small to consider tariffs, and thus tear down the protec­ themselves, without undue self-flattery, to tion for American l!:tbor and agricul­ shall have to face the ways and means of be in effective control of their own destinies. ture. But now, unless you adopt the financing all these promises. When that Fish amendment, you even go so far as day arrives, our young people will have Mr. WADSWORTH. Mr. Chairman I to say that you cannot, through U. N. something to say about the matter as rise in opposition to the amendment. ' R. R. A., give away your own goods; they will then have more years on their Mr. Chairman, I think I can say I have that you have got to furnish the money shoulders and my guess is that they will ·the interest of the United States at heart to buy the goods from some other coun­ dis~pprove many of the promises the just as deeply as the gentleman from try, so that you can give that away in­ Congress and the administration have Michigan [Mr. CRAWFORD], stead of giving away your own goods. approved. The proposal is that the Congress shall Have we reached the point where it is TWO KINDS OF POWER POLITICS say that of all the money authorized utterly impossible for us to think in (By A. K. Chesterton) under this resolution, 90 percent must terms of the interests of the people of President Roosevelt's statement that after be expended in the purchase of goods the United States? I think it is time for the war small nations shall enjoy equ.ality produced in the United States. I am us to ask questions like that. People in with large nations, and be left free from out­ wondering if that will always be in our my district are asking me questions like side interference subject to their good be­ interest. I have grave doubts about it. that. Yesterday afternoon I had the havior, has doubtless warmed the hearts Mr. VORYS of Ohio. Will the gen­ pleasure of spend,ing most of the after­ of all those charming people in this country tleman yield? who believe that the world is governed by ;noon with six or seven members of the lofty phrases. Mr. WADSWORTH. I yield. armed forces of this country, men and Mexico, some South American republics, Mr. VORYS of Ohio. Under the women. I wish you could have heard and even states much farther afield, how­ amendment the gentleman just put in some of the questions they asked me ever, will have heard the pronouncement we could not even dispose of this sur­ about what they called the silly things with considerable skepticism. They know plus which has been imported into this that Congress is doing. This bill in its from their own experience that "good be­ country. ' present form is one of them. I can men­ havior" on their part is not taken to mean Mr. WADSWORTH. And already paid tion one or two others that we will have that Ecuador, let us say, will obligingly re­ for under other appropriations. It to deal with in a few days. frain from launching upon an invasion of the United States. They know that in the would tie them up and make them So, I am ready to vote now emphati­ ruthless school of world affairs exemplary ineligible. cally, on a roll call, or otherwise, to sup­ conduct consists in small nations-and, Mr. CRAWFORD. Will the gentle­ port the Fish amendment, so that we for that matter, nations not so small­ man yield? can in some way control how some of this spurning to hold any too dogmatic ideas on Mr. WADSWORTH. May I finish, money .embraced in the $1,350,000,000 is such matters as oil, or gold, or on the ac­ please? I only have a short time. to be spent. When we can spend it for ceptance or repayment of international debt. some of the goods which our increased President Roosevelt must know this as well Now, the gentleman from Michigan ' labor supply and our increased mechani­ as anybody, just as he must know that 1f referred to wool. It may be that we cal equipment, and increased application he were to make that knowledge public, or have a surplus of wool. But how about . take a single step toward smashing the poultry products? Poultry 'products of fertilizer applied to our farms, so as to dictatorship exercised by expert capitalism, give our people some jobs in the post­ his job would be placed in the direct jeop­ may very possibly be one of the elements war period-if we can use some of that ardy. And not only his job, if the fate of in our contribution. Under this amend­ money for that purpose, what sin is there more than one American President may be ment we must spend 90 percent of our in doing that? taken as a precedent. · poultry purchases out of this fund. 1944' CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 647 · Take dairy products. Will anyone much if any of this money will be spent going to be singled out for relief that is deny that today there is a scarcity of in Argentina. dispensed by U.N. R. R. A. milk or butter? So the main supply will come from The American people have always been I think we would better go pretty slow the United States. The percentage generous in giving aid to people in need before we run the risk of imposing con­ advocated by the g'entleman from New in all l?arts of the world. I believe that tinued rationing on the people of the York, 90, to be ·spent here in this most Americans want us to do our full United States by a mamiatory provision country may be too high; I do not share in providing temporary relief for saying "you must spend 90 percent of all know, but I think since we are appropri­ the starving people of enemy occupied your money in the purchase of our sup­ ating most of the money and since we are countries, as these countries are recov­ plies." It is a pretty difficult thing. Now, supposed to supply a large percentage of ered from our enemies. But, in making as a matter of fact, as this thing is set the products as well, a large percentage ·commitments to other countries, we must up, U.N. R. R. A. makes its request. It of the money should be spent in this not overlook our primary obligation to goes to the Ccmmittee on Appropria­ country with the American people. I am first consider the welfare of American tions. The Committee on Appropria-­ therefore supporting the gentleman's 'citizens. tions sends for W. F. A. and for W. P. B. amendment. I would prefer to have the funds au­ and examines those and other govern­ Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Chairman, will thorized for relief, in this resolution, mental agencies as to what they have to the gentleman yield? spent through the Red Cross or some say as to the available supplies of this Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. I yield. other American agency. U.N. R. R. A. or that or the other article in the United Mr. CRAWFORD. The gentleman is a political international organization States. It might turn out that they are comes from one of the greatest butter clothed with tremen,dous power; subject asking too much 'of us in one item, or two States in the Union. How much butter to power politics and domination by items, or five items. The Committee on is in storage at the present time? larger nations and by power groups with­ Appropriations will go into that. If our Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Ap­ in the respective countries wherein re­ governmental agencies and our Com­ proximately 235,000,000 pounds, accord­ lief is to be given. Those who dispense mittee on Appropriations take note of ing to the best figures we can get hold of. the relief food and other necessities un­ that and find that the request in certain Mr. CRAWFORD. Suppose the war der U. N. R. R. A. are in a position to directions is· too extreme, too great a should stop within 90 or 120 days; what force hungry and sick people to submit strain on our resources and hurts our would happen to the butter price? to their will in order to secure aid. . own people, then U.N. R. R. A. must ask Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. It would Power politics can only lead to another Canada to come in and take part of it, probably be cut in two.· The bottom war, and should have no place in a relief or Australia, or Brazil. We are masters would drop out of it because of the sur­ picture. of this thing from the beginning to the plus. In supporting this authorization for re­ end. But if you put in a rigid amend­ . Mr. CRAWFORD. What would hap­ lief of destitute people in occupied coun­ ment like this we are not the masters. pen to labor, the manufacturers of me­ tries, I want it clearly unde:J;'stood that I The CHAffiMAN. The time of the chani'cal equipment and employees gen­ am unalterably opposed to setting up a gentleman from New York has expired. erally engaged in connection with the world.:.wide W. P. A. · The relief provided Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Cha~rman, I ask production of these products if there is should be given to all destitute persons, unanimous consent that all debate on not an export market for the agricultural irrespective of creed, color, or race. All this amendment and all amendments surplus? requests for funds by U.N. R. R. A. must thereto close in 5 minutes. be scrutinized by the Appropriations The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection? Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Unless it could be absorbed by the home market Committees of Congress before approved, There was no objection. and none of the funds provided are to be Mr. . AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Mr. we would pile up such tremendous sur­ pluses in the United States that it would used against the interests of the people Chairman, I move to strike out the last of the United States, our form of gov­ two words. break the market. I want to say tnis; that the people from the cotton areas of ernment, or standard of living. Miss SUMNER of Illinois. Mr. Chair­ I am supporting this authorization man, will the gentleman yield? the country should be interested in this amendment because cotton has now gone purely on the basis of providing tempo­ Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. I yield. on a domestic basis and when the war rary relief for destitute people in coun­ Miss SUMNER of Illinois. Mr. ,Crow- . stops, unless there is some outlet for relief tries occupied by our enemies. When ley admitted in the hearings that the purposes for the cotton produced in this other world-wide legislative proposals United States has no veto on the power are submitted to Congress, I will consider of U. N. R. R. A. to levy on .American country, we shall be left here with possi­ bly fifteen to twenty or thirty million each one on the basis of what is best for supplies. He answered the question the interests of- the American people. asked by the gentlewoman from Ohio bales of cotton. Mr. WRIGHT. Mr. Chairman, will the Such a yardstick will be my test for sup­ [Mrs. BOLTON]. port or opposition to every proposal. Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. I thank gentleman yield? Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. No; I With me the future welfare of the the gentlewoman from Illinois for her American people will always come first. contribution. · have only 5 minutes. ·Mr. Chairman, I am supporting this The CHAIRMAN. All time has ex­ When we analyze this legislation to pired. see where U.N. R. R. A. is going to get resolution with the hope that it will be distributed for relief purposes among the The question is on the amendment of• its supplies, we must necessarily look fered by the gentleman from New York, over the whole world, an-d we find there needy peoples of the world, especially in those countries that are being retaken as amended by the gentleman from are a few limited countries that have Michigan. surplus food products. from the Central Powers. I do not an­ The main supplier is the United States. ticipate that one single group of people Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, I ask. The second one is Canada, on a limited are going to have the benefit of all of this unanimous consent that the amendment number of grains. The third one is relief. I think all races, creeds, and na­ may again be read. Australia, and New Zealand may have tionalities should share. alike, whether The CHAIRMAN. . Without objection, a little essential food to supply the rest they be Jew, Gentile, Protestant, or Cath­ it is so ordered. of the world. · Possibly Brazil, with olic, in the relief dispensed by U. N. There was no objection. ­ some native-grown products. Argen­ R. R. A. !So, having in mind that we are The Clerk reg,d as follows: tina is not in among the 44 United to help these needy peoples and doing Amendment offered by Mr. FisH as amend­ Nations, so apparently nothing will be our good Christian duty, I am supporting ed by the amendment offered by Mr. CRAW­ secured from Argentina. the resolution on that theory. FORD: On page 1, line 5, after the figures Mr. WADSWORTH. But purchases Mr. VORYS of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, "$1,350,000,000 in the aggregate" insert "of will the gentleman yield? · · which 90 percent shall be spent for the pur­ may be made in Argentina. · chase of farm products and ot her supplies Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. I note Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. I am produced in the United States." that the State Department is about to sorry; I cannot. As I have said, this is put sanctions on Argentina, or they are to be for these people irrespective of race The CHAIRMAN. The question is on threatening sanctions, so I doubt very or religion. No one particular group is the a~endment. 648 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 24 The :}Uestion was taken; and on a di· disagreement among our people through­ tion of our country's relief objectives vision (demanded by Mr. FisH) there out the Nation regarding the question completely out of the direct control of were-ayes 60, noes 83. · of relief. It is the natural impulse and this Government. As soon as the mem­ Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, I demand desire of every good. American citizen to bership here appropriates the billion or tellers. see that every wort_hy, hungry human billions requested as America's share, Tellers were ordered, and the Chair being is fed and adequately clothed. We according to this legislation-and we appointed as tellers Mr. EISH and Mr. are willing to go even further, to any do· not know l:!ow many billions it will BLOOM. reasonable extent, to aid any such indi­ be-our Government will cease to have The Committee again divided; and the vidual to help himself, reconstruct his even a scintilla of authority over its use. tellers reported that there were-ayes a:pproach to the problems of earning a The institution set up to have control 78, noes 135. livelihood, and maintaining himself and is U.N. R. R. A., an international organ­ So the amendment was rejected. those who are dependent upon him. ization, presumably representing the Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. The call of the hungry and distressed various United Nations in handling of Chairman, I offer an amendment, which touches the heartstrings of all our people .relief. The administrative decisions I have at the Clerk's desk. throughout this Christian land. Our made will be the decisions of this inter­ The Clerk read as follows: people not only want to respond and national body and not the decisions of Amendment offered by Mrs. RoGERS of Mas­ are willing to respond but demand that this Government. This international sachusetts: Strike out all after the enacting we respond. The Christian legions of body completely divorces the admin­ clause and insert: "Tha·t there is hereby au­ the American people never have turned istration of relief from military opera­ thorized to be appropriated from time to their backs to the needs and suffering tions, while at the same time it has the time such sums as Congress may determine of others, regardless who they are or authority to step right into the midst of to be necessary, to the Army and Navy, for where they may be. The Armenian important and yital military activities. use of military governments establish!'ld in occupied countries for the adequate conduct massacre and the Japanese earthquake As an international body, and presum­ of relief and rehabilitation and related neces­ stand out in the near background. The ably the agency of all of the United sary activities. A complete record shall be question facing us here today, however, Nations concerned, it can approach its maintained by each military government of is not whether or not we shall respond task in the war zone with such apparent all expenditures and submitted to Congress to these demands of humanity, in all authority that it is reasonable to expect in semiannual reports of the Army and Navy, parts of the world, but rather is solely dangerous and embarrassing clashes with whichever the case may be." the question of what machinery we will the military administration inevitably Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. use and what methods we will employ to will result. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent to . render the most effective and efficient It has been stated that ample and ex­ proceed for 5 additiona.l minutes. relief service. This question of method tensive hearings were held by the Com­ The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection is most serious-yes; perhaps more seri­ mittee on Foreign Affairs regarding to the request of the gentlewoman from ous than most of us realize. The method this proposed international plan. The Massachusetts [Mr.s. RoGERS]? of administration a·nd distribution of re­ report of the distinguished chairman of There was no objection. lief is the issue on which there is justi­ committee accompanying House Joint Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. fication for disagreement regarding this Resolution 192, on page 3, at the bottom Chairman, for quite a long time now I proposed legislation. There are millions of the page. states the following witnesses have enjoyed the honor of associating of Americans concerned with the method were heard by the committee in favor of and working with many Members of this rather than the fact of·relief. the resolution. Dean Acheson, Assistant House. In committee and on the floor It is tQeir money that is to be used. It ·Secretary of State, Francis Bowes Sayre, our activities have penetrated many is their taxes which are to be increased Assistant to the Secretary of State, both problems-large problems which have to finance relief. It is the American identified with U.N. R. R. A.; Hon. Leo faced the country.· Many times we have .people who will provide the money and T. Crowley, Administrator of the For­ stood together. Sometimes we have dis­ goods for relief. Do not be mistaken eign Economic Administration; and Os- agreed. During this time we have be· about this fact. The parliament or ·car S. Cox, the general counsel of the ·come acquainted with the fundamental legislature of no other country has ap­ Foreign Economic Administration. The views of one another: our ideas regard· propriated . any funds either for direct Honorable Herbert H. Lehman, Director ing government; our respect and loyalty relief, or for relief by U. N. R. R. A. General of U. N. R. R. A., was invited by for the Constitution; our philosophy of The American people, therefore, are tre­ the committee to discuss purposes and life and freedom. It is a long path we mendously concerned about the super­ policies. All of these five distinguished have traveled. As I stand here today, at vision of these funds. They want to gentlemen are personally identified and ·this milestone along the road of our coun­ know who it is that is actually and really associated with U.N. R. R. A. One gen­ try's destiny, I want all of you to know 'trusted with the administration and su­ tleman appeared in opposition, our dis­ the feeling in my heart. There is no pervision of relief throughout the en­ tinguished colleague from Ohio, Repre~ group of men and women anywhere in tire project, all the way down the line sentative SMITH. The gentleman from ·the world for whom I have greater admi­ to the persons actually making the dis-· Illinois [Representative DEWEY] ably ration, -and greater· respect. Over and tribution. They want to know how presented his own plan. There were no over agai-n you have shown your faith, these funds are to be utilized. They no other officially called witnesses. In loyalty, and love for your country. Again want to know where and from whom view of the effect this legislation might and again you have shown your Ameri­ goods are purchased and the 'prices paid. have on military plans and operations, canism. Your judgment and decisions They do not want any millionaires made certainly the Members of the Congress always have been made on the basis of out of relief paid for with American should have the views of General Mar­ what is best for the country. Disagree­ dollars. They want to feel certain that shall, Admiral King, General Vande· ment and debate over the best road for · those really in need are adequately cared grift, and any other military specialists the Nation to follow is most beneficial to for. They do not want any partiality designated by these men. Suppose Gen­ the country. It is the American way shown any group because of race, color, eral Marshall were of the opinion this and America always gains by this pro­ or creed. Certainly every Member of legislation might interfere with the ac­ cedure. Diversity of view is helpful in this House must have the interest and tivities of military government and civil a free country. There is no injustice or benefit of the American people in their affairs. Would you still vote for it? dishonor in disagreement which is di· hearts, and controlling their· views and Suppose Admiral King considered the rected toward finding a wise road for our action. There is no greater responsi­ legislation from an operational view­ country during these dangerous, tragic bility than our responsibility to the point and was of the opinion it greatly days. American people. We are their repre­ duplicated military plans regarding re­ Here today, however, there is no dis­ sentatives, their servants in the func­ lief in occupied areas already in opera­ agreement among the Members regard· tioning of their Government. tion. Would you still vote for it? Sup­ ing the necessity and desirability of It should be borne in mind that the pose General Vandegrift should be of relief for the people who have been method-the machinery set up in this the opinion that the administration of stricken and left helpless through the proposed legislation-takes the whole relief involved important military fac .. operation of war. There is very little question of the participation and opera- tors, and therefore should be s,dminis- l944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE tered by military authority. Would you In other words, as soon as any area is delegate to highly trained American offi­ still vote for it? occupied by Allied armies, U. N. R. R. A. cers of military government the admin­ Suppose General MacArthur should can begin operations. U.N. R. R. A. even istration and supervision of relief in hold the view that no international au­ has the authority to return prisoners and occupied areas. thority should be set up at this time, hav­ exiles---certainly a completely military It is clearly evident from this com­ ing authority to act without consulting function. In article 1 of the agreement, parison that there is a complete dupli­ the military and civil affairs government, U. N. R. R. A. is directed- cation by U. N. R. R. A. of plans and under his authority and responsible to To plan, coordinate, administer, or arrange activities of the United States Army and him. Would you still vote for this legis­ for the administration of measures for the Navy already in operation. The Army lation? Suppose General Eisenhower relief of victims of war in any area under and Navy have worked out a definite and should state that he was opposed to any the control of any of the United Nations concrete plan for the care of relief and action at this time that would interfere through the provision of food, fuel, clothing, all of the related problems. This plan shelter and other basic necessities, medical with military government plans for relief. and other essential services; and to facilitate constitutes a carefully integrated part of Would you still vote for this resolution? in such areas, so far as necessary to the military operations. · Why is there any Suppose General Clark desired to ad­ adequate provision of relief, the production need for placing this "superduper" inter­ minister all relief in the countries oc­ and transportation of these articles and the national group in authority over them cupied by his army and responsible to furnishing of these services. and interfering with their plans and his command. Would you still vote for Notice this article of the agreement activities? this resolution? Suppose General Still­ states, "any area under the control of The establishment of U: N. R. R. A. well, for many reasons, desired certain any of the United Nations." Also notice authority over relief will interfere trag­ authority over the relief function-or it states food, fuel, clothing, shelter, med­ ically with the operation of relief ma­ suppose General Montgomery stated he ical services, and their production and chinery already set up by the Army and would control relief distribution in areas transportation. Now let us turn to the the Navy. A divided command is no under his command. Would you still United States Army and Navy Manual of command. A divided authority is no au­ vote for this legislation? Military Government and Civil Affairs. thority. A divided administration is in­ Has the Secretary of War, the Secre­ On ·page 11, in paragraph k, is found the efficient, resulting in no administration. tary of the Navy, or the military authori­ following: Certainly no Member of this House would ties in Great Britain, Russia, and China The baSic economic policy of United States intentionally vote for legislation at this expressed their views about this method military government is twofold: First, to time that would not only be embarrassing of administering relief by an interna­ revive economic life and stimulate produc­ to our military commands, but would tional body having no responsibility to . tion in order to reduce to a minimum the cause them to greatly change plans, long . them? None of these officers or officials, needs of the area for United States and Allied developed and in operation. In view of having the enormous responsibility of assistance and to develop the area as a source these facts I submit to you that the winning this war, has expressed any of supply for further operations, and second, U. N. R. R. A. legislation is most untimely opinion regarding this legislation. to use available goods and services as etn­ ciently as possible for the satisfaction of mili­ now. Would not you as Members of Congress, tary and civilian needs. Corollaries of thiS To make certain the reality of relief I however, like to know their views? If basic policy include the following: offer two alternatives: they considered this resolution untimely An equitable distribution of necessities, First. The acceptance of .this amend­ now, certainly most of the membership such as food, fuel, medicine, and clothing, ment by this House and thereby stand by would support them by voting against should ·be instituted as quickly as possible. the Army and Navy, by authorizing tqe or postponing action at this time. If To this end it will be necessary to reestablish appropriation of the necessary funds to they approved, certainly every Member to some degree at least, public utilities, trans­ portation, communications, and trade. It adequately finance rei:ef and related here would vote for this resolution. Per­ will often be necessary to enforce controls, problems through the United States mil­ haps they would consider it "superduper" which may or may not be the same as those itary government. and unnecessary. Before making such in effect before occupation, over various a.s­ That there is hereby authorized to be ap­ an important decision, would not it be pects of economic life, including prices; over propriated from time to timE~~ such sums as marketing by rationing, by measures to bring wise to know the views of the military Congre~s may determine to be necessary, to men, who know all of the ramifications hoarded goods out of hiding, and by sup­ the Army and Navy, for use of military gov­ of the problem? pression of black markets; over imports and ernments established in occupied countries The establishing of relief functions exports; over money and banking. for the adequate conduct of relief and re­ under the complete control and authority Here under the Army-Navy plan your habilltation and related necessary activities. R. A complete r~cord shall be maintained by of the international body of U.N. R. A. attention is again directed to food, fuel, each military government of all expenditures clearly ignores the function of relief ac­ medicine, clothing, necessities, and their and submitted to Congress 1n semi-annual tivities, in connection with other vital production and transportation, as _well reports of the Army and Navy, whichever military operations and responsibilities. as adequate control over other related the case may be. U. N. R. R. A. duplicates and interferes factors. witn the relief plans of the United States The military government has author­ Second. If the membership fails to Army and Navy. These plans already ity to take steps to put into immediate support this amendment, the House is are in operation. An examination of the effect plans for the rehabilitation of obligated, not only to the Army and Navy scope of U.N. R. R. A. operations as de­ production; the development of agricul­ but to the American people, to recommit fined in the agreement, and a careful ture; the protection of health; the re­ this resolution to the Committee on For­ reading of the United States Army and spect for religious customs and organi­ eign Affairs for further consideration. Navy Manual of Military Government zations; establishment of freedom of This action would provide the time for and Civil Affairs, precisely discloses this speech and press; the abolition of dis­ the officers in command of the Army and duplication and interference. The criminatory laws relating to race, color, Navy, or such officers they might desig­ agreement defines the scope of U. N. R. creed, or political opinions. The mili­ nate, to appear and express their views the committee regarding the adminis­ R. A. as- tary government cannot show any par­ to tiality toward any group of persons or tration of relief and regardipg t~ reso­ Being determined that immediately upon lution. This Congress cannot afford to the liberation of any area by the armed forcea any p·articular race. It is obliged to treat of the United Nations or as a consequence of all of the people on the same basis. gamble the destiny of this Nation by any retreat of the enemy the population thereof There is no limit to the time of occu­ action which interferes with the military shall receive aid and relief from their suffer­ pation and administration of the mili­ plans of officers and men shouldering the ings, food, clothing and shelter, aid in the tary government. It may remain in weighty responsibility of winning this prevention of pestilence and in the recovery operation as long as conditions require. war. Their views must be known for the of the health of the people, and that prepara­ It is responsible, not to an international benefit of this Congress regarding this tion and arrangements shall be made for the body of carefully selected persons such legislation and for 'the benefit of the return of prisoners and exiles to their homes American people. and tor ausistance in the resumption of a.:: is U. N. R. R. A.; it is responsible to urgently m ~ded agricultural and industrial Genel'al Marshall and Admiral King. The CHAffiMAN. The time of the production t.nd the restoration of essential They are highly competent ofticers of the gentlewoman from Maszachusetts has services. United States---competent, indeed, to expired. 650 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 24 Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. would not want to do this work. It has The State Department should have Chairman, I ask unanimous consent to to be done immediately after the mili­ this job for us under the U.N. R. R. A. proceed for 10 additional minutes. tary authorities evacuate this territory. agreement. Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. Reserv­ U. N. R. R. A. will not operate in any The big objections to this come from ing the right to object, Mr. Chairman, of those countries until the military au­ the State Department. Mr. Hull does , we have a number of other amendments thorities invite them to come in and not want the assignment because he to consider and we have spent quite a bit say, "We are ready to turn it over now." does not want a big, new, administrative of time on amendments heretofore. I It would be entirely impractical, Mr. job. There are three good answers to hope the gentlewoman will not insist Chairman, to do it as suggested in the these objections. First, this job is un­ upon asking for additional time. amendment and I trust that the amend­ precedented in our Government, as well Mr. FORD. I object, Mr. Chairman. ment will be defeated. as the State Department. Someone will Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. Mr. Mr. FOLGER. Mr. Chairman, will have to learn how to do it wisely. Chairman, may I inquire if further de­ the gentleman yield? Second, if it is done wisely, it will not be bate is desired on this amendment? If Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. I yield to a big administrative job. Every agency we could, I should like to dispose of this the gentleman from North Carolina. needed to screen and procure and co­ amendment. Does anyone else want to Mr. FOLGER. Is it not provided in orqinate the supplies we furnish is al­ speak on this amendment? this joint resolution that immediately ready in existence and need not be dupli­ The CHAIRMAN. No one is on his upon taking office they shall in con­ cated. My third answer to Mr. Hull's feet seeking· recognition. junction with the military and other ap­ objection is this: I am delighted to find Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. Mr. propriate authorities take the necessary in Washington an official who is not Chairman, I rise in opposition to the action? seeking to increase the size and the amendment. Mr. LUTHER A: JOHNSON. That is power of his department. That is a rea­ Mr. Chairman, I think the amendment true. They will cooperate with the mili­ son why I want the Department of State would have been subject to a point of tary authorities and they will not come to have this job, and I feel confident that order, but we did not see proper to make in until the military authorities invite Secretary Hull will not refuse to perform it because we wanted the matter pre­ them in. . any duties assigned him by law. sented to the Committee. The CHAIRMAN. The question is on . In the organization of the Department The purpose of the joint resolution is the amendment offered by the gentle­ of State, announced a week ago, he has to enable the United States to partici­ woman from Massachusetts. an Office of Economic Affairs. pate in the work of the United Nations The amendment was rejected. We want U.N. R. R. A. handled by an Relief and Rehabilitation organization. Mr. VORYS of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, old-line statutory agency that will con­ The amendment offered by the distin­ I offer an amendment. This amend­ tinue in existence in the post-war period, guished gentlewoman from Massachu­ ment is in two parts. Although the not by a 4-months' old war baby which setts [Mrs. RoGERS] eliminates any par­ second part of it is an amendment to may be seeking a new line of activity to ticipation whatever in this organization the second section of the bill, I ask perpetuate itself into the peace period. and simply authorizes an appropriation unanimous consent that both parts may F. E. A. is the successor of 0. E. W., which to be made to the War and Navy Depart­ be read at this time. was the successor of B. E. W ., which ments to administer relief in these The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection caused the big fight between Vice Presi­ stricken areas. to the request of the gentleman from dent WALLACE and Secretary Jones. Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. Ohio? F. E. A. also has lend-lease and 0. F. R. A. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? There was no objection. and a few other odds and ends and a staff Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. I yield The Clerk read as follows: of over 4,000. It is intended as a war to the gentlewoman from Massachusetts. Amendment offered by Mr. VoRYS of Ohio: agency. There has certainly been war · Mrs. ROOERS of Massachusetts. It On page 1, line 4, strike out the word in it, as well as outside it. If you study does not seem to me that the matter is "President" and insert "Department of the report and the hearings, you will not germane. State." find that F. E. A. is not intended to have Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. I did On page 14, line 25, insert, after the word a thing to do with U.N. R. R. A., except not make the point of order, I am merely "expended", the words "by the Department of to coordinate and correlate and expedite calling attention to it. State." and generally "kibitz" and throw red tape On page 15, line 1, strike out the word Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. -We "President" and insert "Department of around. U.N. R. R. A. goes to the com­ certainly can appropriate our own money State." bined boards for supplies. The United · to be spent in any way we wish. States represent.atives on these boards Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. This Mr. VORYS of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, must give their consent. The procure­ resolution was brought up for one pur­ this amendment would provide for han­ ment of the supplies is through War J;i'ood pose and that only, to authorize par­ dling the appropriations for U.N. R. R. A. Administration, for food, War Produc­ ticipation in this organization, whereas through the State Department. I believe tion Board and Treasury Procurement. the amendment takes us away from that I have demonstrated that I am a friend U. N. R. R. A.'s head offices will be in entirely and simply authorizes an ap­ of U. N. R. R. A. I want it to succeed. Washington. The Director General is propriation for the War and Navy De­ I want the contributions of the United an American. The administrative staff partments. States controlled by some statutory is largely taken over from 0. F. R. A. Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. · My agency. The United States member of They know their way around Washing­ understanding is that it is primarily for the U.N. R. R. A. council is an Assistant ton. They do not need chaperones. If relief. Secretary of State. I want him respon­ our existing American agencies decide Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. I am not sible to Congress as to whether U. N. R. that it is in the interest of America to going to argue that. R. A. is living up to its obligations and I let them have some supplies, they do not Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. I want him responsible for carrying out · need another new agency playing a little feel that my amendment would bring any obligations to U. N. R. R. A. which international politics with our supplies. · the relief tQ the people. The Army and the Congress undertakes. All necessary double-checking can be Navy today are operating in the war In the State Department appropria­ done by the State Department, which is zones very satisfactorily. They are ab­ tion for this current.year are the appro­ . already in this picture and which is by . solutely fair in their administration of it. priations for 26 different international Executive order responsible for the poli­ Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. I under- bodies to which we already belong, in­ cies of F. E. A. If some of the F. E. A. - stand the position of the distinguished cluding the Pan American Union, Inter­ staff are needed in the State Department gentlewoman. This is the situation. national Trade-Mark Bureau, Interna­ for this new job, they can be transferred The War and Navy D2partments c::-. nnot tional Labor Office, and various inter­ by Executive order. carry on this relief when hostilities cease national commissions. It is the job of The President will, of course, have the and when these countries are evacuated. the State Department to see whether controlling, Executive power, and re­ They are doing it now while it is being these bodies are performing their obli­ sponsibility for our share in U.N. R. R. A. . carried on in a military way, but they gations under the various agreements When Congress selects a statutory de­ do not want and th~y state that they and then to see that we perform ours. partment to perform an additional func- 1944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 651

~ion of government, instead of voting a These officers are extremely well trained same time, Governor Lehman was ap­ olank check to the President, this is no for their assigned duties. Military gov­ pointed a special assistant to the Presi­ slight to the President. It is merely the ernment may remain in occupied areas dent in transition to the job as director regular way in which Congress should for several years. I wish to remind the of the proposed United Nations Relief perform in making laws. There is House that this war has not yet been and Rehabilitation Administration. At enough responsibility to go around for won. the same time, also, a number of gentle­ both the Executive and the Congress in Mr. WOODRUFF of Michigan. Mr. men were appointed as heads of inter­ making U. N. R. R. A. work. Both the Chairman, I move to strike out the last departmental committees in the Office President and the Congress can unite word. of Foreign Economic Coordination of the in selecting the President!s Department Mr. Chairman, when we are paying our Department of State. The object of of State to discharge the grave respon­ taxes this year, every one of our tax dol­ these committees is to provide assistance sibilities placed upon it by the Executive lars is used for the purpose of giving in the economic rehabilitation of the and the Congress. away, to present and prospective friends East Indies, of ·Malaya, of Belgium, of Mr. WRIGHT. Mr. Chairman, will the abroad, American goods and services, in­ Luxemburg, of the Netherlands, of gentleman yield? cluding 9 percent of all the food produced Scandinavia, and so forth. To complete Mr. VORYS of Ohio. Yes. in this vast country of ours. Practically this over-all picture of foreign economic Mr. WRIGHT. The gentleman- is all other Government expenditures for engagements, all the Uni.ted Nations met showing his appreciation of the forbear- · the prosecution of the war and for our on November 9 and signed the agreement ance of the State Department by making elaborate administration at home is paid for a United Nations Relief and Rehabili­ them do this job, whether they want it from borrowings which have brought our tation Administration, incorporated in or not. ' national debt to staggering heights. I the bill before us. Unless we Members Mr. ·VORYS of Ohio. That is correct. wilf give you some figures compiled by of this House watch carefully and reg­ I am glad to find some bureaucrats who the Library of Congress which will give ister our opposition, this will develop into say they do not want a job. They are you an idea of where we are going. The a "United States World W. P. A. Unlim­ the ones I am looking for, and when the per capita public debt-and this includes ited" with us footing all the bills. State Department has 26 different ap­ the debt of the Federal Government Many of us view with anxiety the tre­ propriations for international bodies to only-the obligation resting on every one mendous problems this country is going to administer, I want them to do this job, of us-man, woman, and child-a few face when the war ends; when the 10,- even though they are modest in not months ago stood at $935, whereas the 000,000 or more soldiers return; when the claiming to be seeking it. ' average Britisher carries only a load of war plants close their doors, most of Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. $164. Our total debt, when these figures them forever, some of them to be re­ Chairman, I rise in opposition to the were compiled, stood at $143,000,000,000. converted to the production of civilian amendment. I believe that relief should Since then it has risen by twenty more goods. We fear that we shall face prob­ be administered by the military authori­ billions. But compare this figure of lems which will require the utmost in ties. They are doing a fine piece of work $143,000,000,000 with the total debt of all sacrifice on the part of every one of us in various countries and territories to­ our allies, which aggregates only $126,- to prevent a complete economic collapse. day. They are respected, they are liked, 000,000,000. In other words, we in this We all feel keenly that the men and and they are wanted. No person from country ca:(ry a much heavier burden women who left their homes, their jobs, the war zones testified before us, no one than all our allies together, including their studies and education to spend from the Army or the Navy, yet I was Great Britain and Russia. It is not less years of their youth fighting in all parts wondering how the House would feel if revealing that the total debt of the Axis of the globe and on the seven seas are General Eisenhower were here to testify Powers was only $92,000,000,000-two­ entitled to all the help and assistance and stated he did not want U. N. R. R. A. thirds only of what has been piled up on we can possibly give them. Even so, to interfere with military relief and re­ this patient, far too patient, generous, we shall never be able to compensate habilitation. Can you not see how diffi­ far too generous, Nation of ours. them for their sacrifices. cult it would be, if his men of the Army Now, I, for one, and I am sure that This Nation has always been generous. were administering relief, and U. N. R. every one of the Members of the House We have always been happy to give a R. A. came into the area and admin­ agrees with me, do not want our foreign helping hand to people in distress with­ istered another form of relief? U.N. R. economic policy conducted in such a way out regard to nationality, race, or creed. R. A, holding the pw·se strings would that this country be bled white; be bank­ However, at the end of a long war, that have financial control and would create rupted; be left in such an economic posi­ for years has taxed the resources of a dislike of tne Army that was trying to tion at the end of this war, that it will be every paz:ticipant to the breaking point, maintain fair and orderly procedure. It unable to recover; unable to compete on there will be little difference between has been said on the :floor that the Army the world's markets with other nations, the victor and the vanquished as far as does not want to undertake further relief which we have helped to maintain, at our wealth is concerned. Every belligerent and rehabilitation. I suggest we should expense, a more favorable economic po­ nation, victor and vanquished alike, will find out the plans and activities of the sition than ow· own. I deeply regret that face a superhuman. task of rebuilding military government of the Army and those responsible for our economic for­ what has been so thoroughly devastated. Navy before passing this resolution. eign policies have conducted the affairs I wish I could see how we may live up to U. N. R. R. A. is a direct duplica­ of this country in such a way that when our responsibilities right here at home, tion of what the Army is doing today it happens to be revealed under what and I am sure I' cannot see how we shall under its military and civil governments conditions our gifts are presented, and be able to help all the other peoples put in occupied countries. U. N. R. R. A. in which way they are· used, such infor­ their countries in order, any more than clearly ignores the function of relief ac­ mation arouses deep and just resentment I can see how they can help us, except tivities in connection with other military on the part of our people. that we may all exchange our goods and operations and responsibility. I want to tell you about some of the services under fair conditions, and there­ U. N. R. R. A. duplicates and inter­ schemes which are now under develop­ by mutually benefit one another. But feres with the plans f relief and reha­ ment in Washington to further expand to do that we need no international po­ bilitation of the United States Army and our economic activities abroad. On Sep­ litical administration, but enterprising Navy. such interference can _prove to tember 25 the President created an Of­ and alert businessmen in the foreign be a very dangerous procedure. The mil­ fice of Foreign Economic Administration, field. When one studies the agreement, itary plans are already in operation. A headed by Mr. Leo Crowley. This new . one cannot help wondering whether this careful reading of the United States Office is created to centralize the activi­ proposed relief administration will not be Army and Navy Manual of Military Gov­ ties formerly carried on by the Offices of operating under a false :flag. There is, ernment and Civil Affairs discloses this Lend-Lease Administration under Har­ a provision in this bill that no private duplication and interference. ry Hopkins and latterly Edward H. Stet­ relief organization shall be permitted to The Army and Navy provided their of­ tinius, foreign relief and rehabilita­ operate in any area where our interna­ fleers with highly competent special tion operations under Herbert Leh­ tional administration is active. In other training in the laws and procedure of man, and Economic Warfare under words, such activities as are now under­ military government and civil affairs. Vice President HENRY WALLACE. At the taken by the Swedes to feed Norwegian 652 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 24 children; to receive starved Finnish chil­ and France. Further answering the Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. The dren in their homes; to maintain asy­ gentleman I would like to read from the purpose of the fund is to put up the lums for war orphans in France and selected documents. as follows: money to see that they can be on an Belgium, may no longer be permitted. Resolved, The welfare service administered equality basis with other countries that I fail to see the moral right of any indi­ by or in cooperation with the Administra­ do have the money? vidual, any organization, any govern­ tion shall be provided without discrimina­ Mr. BLOOM. Yes. ment, to prevent individuals anywhere tion because of race, creed, or political belief. Mr. MASON. Will the gentleman from exercising their right and obliga­ Now, this is the part I would like to yield? tion to feed the hungry and to aid the have the gentleman understand: Mr. BLOOM. I yield. destitute. If this project, which our (2) That it shall be the policy of the Ad­ Mr. MASON. How do you explain Government is proposing, was truly ministration to enlist cooperation and .seek this statement on page 10 of the bill? philanthropic, every prospective recip­ participation of appropriate foreign volunteer Foreign voluntary relief agencies may not ient of help would, of course, be thank­ relief agencies to the' extent that they can be engage in activity in any area receiving re­ ful and more than willing to cooperate. effectively utilized in relief activities for lief from the Administration without the As a matter of fact, the attitude of the which they have special competence and consent of and unless subject to the regula­ governments of the countries which cer­ resources, subject to the consent and :regula­ tion of t~e Director General. tainly need relief, such as the small Eu­ tions of the Director General in accordance ropean states under German occupation, with article 4. Mr. BLOOM. It is just to keep it un­ der the control of the Director General is far from enthusiastic. It is frankly I do not know whether that answers Teported that "some of them are to send and prevent waste and duplication. As the gentleman in full or not, but I have I said, there must be 'some control. delegates rather more in a spirit of ac­ been reading from the selected docu­ quiescence than enthusiasm," that "the There is no question about it. That is ments of the Atlantic City Conference. all it is there for. Atlantic City talks to follow the signing Mr. ROWE. Will the gentleman of the agreement will be fated to go down The CHAIRMAN. The time of the yield? gentleman has expired. in history as a painful memory among Mr. BLOOM. I yield. the small nations." I have quoted from Mr. ROWE. Is there any power in Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. Mr. a London cable to the New York Times the proposed organization to exclude Chairman, I rise. in opposition to the of October 9. anyone who may interest himself in pending amendment. In days so serious as those we are liv­ private charity? - . Mr . . Chairman, the pending amend­ ing through, at times when only a small Mr. BLOOM. No. ment is the one.o:f!ered by the gentleman minority of the afflicted humanity can Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Will -from Ohio [Mr. VORYS] which changes get even their daily bread, in a period of the gentleman yield? the language of the resolution where the history when the great commandment Mr. BLOOM. I yield. authorization is made for the appropria­ of love your neighbor is more forceful , Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. A good tion to be made to the President of the than ever, I should hate to see the Gov­ many people in this country have con­ United States and substitutes in lieu of ernment of this country confuse philan­ tributed funds for various countries ''President" the words "Department of thropy with politics. As I see it, as many now occupied and those funds are here State." In other words, it leaves to the Americans see it, and as many foreigners Department of State rather than to the in the United States becaus~ of inability see it, this proposed relief administration to spend the money or to send things to President of the United States, the Exec­ is nothing but an attempt to establish a those people. Now, is it my understand­ utive head, the appropriations to be new international administration on the ing that each individual organization made and expended in this country. pattern of the late League of Nations which has raised this money will not be Our committee gave very serious con­ with new and appropriate ·provisions for sideration to this proposal contained in establishing the four big powers as an permitted to spend it unless they spend it through U. N. R. R. A.? the gentleman's amendment, but did not economic supergovernment of the world accept it. There are several reasons under American direction. When such Mr. BLOOM. I do not know, but I why the amendment should not be an organization is established in a lim­ would like to answer that question in adopted, and I earnestly hope that it may ited field of apparently benevolent ac­ this way. U. N. R. R. A. is specifically be defeated. No one has a higher re­ tivities, it will be so easy to expand its set up so as not to allow one country or gard for the Department of State and scope to deal with more and more prob­ one people to control supplies going into its great Secretary, Cordell Hull, and lems of the post-war world. I warn any country. In other words, it is not Dean Acheson, Assistant Secretary of you now to be on your guar_d. Many just the country that has money that can State, who is in charge of the Economic interests are striving for power at our get the supplies. Greece may not have Division of the Department of State, than expense, and at the expense of an af­ anything, but she will get the same con­ I; it ·is not because of feeling of un­ flicted humanity. It is time that we sideration that France or Holland or any friendliness for them or lack of admira­ return to the simple duties and to the other country gets which has the money. tion of the Department of State that I simple virtues. It is time to keep a That is the principle and that is the ~ ob­ cannot support the amendment offered watchful eye on those who, professing jective of U. N. R. R. A. by the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. charity, promote selfish interests; it is Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Will VoRYS], but because I feel it would be a time that we reject those who try to the gentleman yield further? mistake to take it from the Executive substitute power politics for true democ­ Mr. BLOOM. I yield. ·head of the Nation and delegate it to a racy. It is time that we revive the virtue Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Then subagency, especially in view of the fact of charity, realizing that charity begins I understand that the people that have that the Department of State does not at home. money are not getting anything from want this power. The Department of Mr. BLOOM. In answer to the point U.N. R. R. A.? State does not want the job. Secretary raised by the gentleman from Michigan Mr. BLOOM. Oh, no, no; your under­ Hull advised our committee, and I think [Mr. WooDRUFF] if the gentleman will standing is wrong. wisely so, that the Department of State refer to the selected documents of the Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. I is not an administrative agency and that first session of the U. N. R. R. A. Council would like to have it cleared up. he did not want it lodged there. The at Atlantic City, I would like to read Mr. BLOOM. The people that have Depa1;tment of State is a policy-making what it says with reference to 'the reso­ the foreign exchange or the money, such ·agency of the Government. It has no lution relating to welfare services and as Holland or England or France, will set-up within it to administer a fund of voluntary relief agencies. I would like have to pay for what they get up to the this kind. It has no organization of that to say at this time that the gentleman value of their dollar exchange until their 'kind. The administration is a business referred to Sweden. Of course, Sweden resources have been exhausted. But the task. It would be an innovation to turn does not come into this operation. It country that has no foreign exchange it over to the Depart'ment of State for would not come in at any time, because or any gold or anything to pay for it, administration. Secretary Hull does not it is not an occupied territory. The will come in on the same proportionate want it. Dean Acheson, his assistant, U. N. R. R. A. only calls for countries share as the other countries will come does not want it. Reasons were given that have been occupied, such as Italy in. Do I explain that? which I think should be convincing, wh)' 1944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-I-IOUSE 653 it would be unwise to vest this power in the only time he has gone wrong on this tee amendment has already been ap .. that Department. bill, so far as I know. I think the gen­ proved. Mr. VORYS of Ohio. Will the gentle­ tleman's amendment, when you con­ The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentle­ man yield? sider it in the light of its administra­ man from Montana desire· to be heard Mr. LUTHER A JOHNSON. I yield. tion, would be a mistake. I, therefore, on the point of order? Mr. VORYS of Ohio. Does not the sincerely hope the House will reject the Mr. O'CONNOR. Mr. Chairman, my gentleman feel it would be within the amendment. ~mendment changes the amount. spirit of recent events to draft a promi­ The CHAIRMAN. The time of the The CHAffiMAN. Does the gentle· nent Democrat, like Secretary Hull, for gentleman from Texas has again ex­ man desire to be· heard further on the the job? Is not this the time when we pired. point of order? If not, the Chair is pre:­ draft unwilling people to serve? Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I move pared to rule. Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. Yes. I to strike out the last word. The amount is fixed in the bill. The would not be opposed to drafting anyone, Mr. Chairman, one of the curses of our gentleman's amendment comes too late. especially the Secretary of State, Cordell present situation is that we have too The point of order therefore is sus· Hull, for whom I have the highest admi­ many agencies meddling into this pic­ tained. ration, but I believe when you draft any­ ture. We have the B. E. W., which blew Mr. O'CONNOR. Mr. Chairman, I ask body you ought to find out whether or up. Now its functions ha,ve finally been unanimous eonsent to return to that part not he qualifies for the job. Secretary transferred to F. E. A. We do not want of the bill. Hull has a pretty big job and it is grow­ to create an additional agency as we go The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman ing bigger all the time. His Department to· this operation. The organization of from Montana asks unanimous consent has a great responsibility in dealing with U. N. R. R. A. has already been set up. to return to that section of the bill for problems growing out of this war with If this bill is passed, just as it is, the the purpose of offering an amendment. reference to our relation to other coun­ President will set up a new agency to Is there objection? tries. I think it would be not only unfair handle this picture. On the other hand, Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Chairman, I object. to him, but unfair to us to put this added if we do it in the simple, ordinary, and The CHAIRMAN. Objection is heard. burden on that Departptent. . orderly way, he will delegate this func­ Mr. O'CONNOR. Mr. Chairman, I ask Mr. FORD. Will the gentleman yield? tion of handling the contribution of the to be heard on the point of order. -Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. I yield. money to U. N. R. R. A. to the State De­ The CHAffiMAN. The point of order Mr. FORD: Would we not be creating partment, and let the State Department has been decided. The gentleman from an entirely new bureau, which my friend handle the foreign affairs, just as it is Montana was given an opportunity to be is opposed to? supposed to. I am not in favor of sub­ heard but did not avail himself of it. Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. Well, I do terfuges, and creating additional agen­ not want to get into a debate about bu­ cies where it is not nece-Ssary. I hope Mr. SMITH of Ohio." Mr. Chairman, reaucracy, because it is a question that the House will get together and adopt I offer an amendment. always brings a lot of talk. I want to this amendment and clear up this situ­ The Clerk read as follows: get the minds of Members down to the ation and put an end to the confusion. Amendment offered by Mr. SMITH of Ohio: Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. Mr. Strike out all after the resolving clause and practical side of this question. It is a insert in lieu thereof the following: "There question of what is the best and wisest Chairman, will the gentleman yield? is hereby authorized to be appropriated the way to administer this fund. · Mr. TABER. I yield. sum of $250,000,000 to be expended under the The Department of State is simply one Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. The direction of the President for the furnishing of the executive branches of the Govern­ gentlemen speaks with a great deal of of food, clothing, medicine, and other abso­ ment, and as was explained by other assuranc~ that the President is going to lute essentials of life, to relieve starvation set up a new agency to administer this. and suffering among individuals in those Members who have explained the opera­ countries which have been overrun by, or tion of this bill, I think the distinguished I have had no such information. have directly suffered from hostile action of, gentleman from New York [Mr. TABER] Mr. TABER. Only from the set-up thG enemies of the United Nations in the explained that the various agencies will and the looks of things. That is the present war." go through them and it will clear through way it looks. r have no authority to Amend the title so as to read: "Joint resolu­ the Committee on Appropriations. The speak for the President, but going by tion to authorize the appropriation of $250,- President of the United States is at the past performances and all that sort of 000,000 for use in relieving starvation and. head of all those agencies, whereas the thing, I want to avoid confusion, and I suffering in countries which have been over­ want to keep the foreign affairs in the run by, or have directly suffered from hostile Secretary of State is only the head of action of, the enemies of the United Nation~ those matters that pertain to our policy State Department where they belong. in the present war." with reference to other countries. So it The CHAIRMAN. The time of the would not be practical. gentleman from New York has expired. Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. Mr~ The CHAIRMAN. The time of the The question is on the amendment Chairman, a point of order. gentleman from Texas has expired. offered by the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. The CHAffiMAN. The gentleman will Mr. LUTHER A. J'JHNSON. May I VORYS]. state it. have 2 additional minutes? The question was taken; and on a Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. · Mr. The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, division (demanded by Mr. BLOOM) there Chairman, I make the point of order that it is so ordered. were ayes 102 and noes 87. the amendment is not germane to the There was no objection. Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Chairman, I ask for pending resolution. The pending reso­ Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. I say teners. lution is to enable the United States to then because the Department of State Tellers were ordered. participate in the work of the United does not have the machinery with which The Committee again divided; and the Nations Relief and Rehabilitation organ­ to do it, because it would not be the log­ tellers reported that there were-ayes ization. The gentleman's amendment ical way to handle it through that De­ 116, noes 102. simply autl10rizes an appropriation to be partment, rather than the President who So the amendment was agreed to. made to the President for a certain has command of all these various agen­ Mr. O'CONNOR. Mr. Chairman, I character of relief and not within the cies, and if the President can find some offer an amendment. purview of the pending resolution as agency which is better equipped he will The Cler-k read as follows: stated in its preamble. delegate this power to that agency, an­ Amendment offered by Mr. O'CoNNOR: On The CliAIRMP..N. The Chair is pre.. other power to another agency, and an­ page 1, line 5, after the words "not to ex­ pared to ruie. other power to still another agency, and ceed", stril{e out "$1,350,000,000" and insert The amendment offered by the gentle-· we should have at the head of all those "$675,000,000." man from Ohio appropriates money for agencies the head of the Government, Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Chairman, a point purposes of relief. The Chair feels that the President of the Unitea States. I of order. it is in line with the general purposes of do not like to oppose the gentleman from The CHAffiMAN. The gentleman will the bill and overrules the point of order. Ohio [Mr. VoRYS], because he has shown state it. The gentleman from Ohio is recog­ a fine spirit of cooperation on this im­ Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Chairman, I call nized for 5 minutes in support of his portant measure. I think this is about attention to the fact that the commit- amendment. 654 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 24 · Mr. Sl\flTH of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, same road that was taken by France the Reserve Bank of India owned more the amendment I am offering would sub­ under the misguidance of John Law in than $2,000,000,000-in dollar equiva­ stitute for the pending resolution a 1719 which brought great disaster and lent-of sterling balances. simple, straightforward appropriation hardship upon that nation. We are These foreign-exchange assets repre­ meastrre. It would provide for an ap­ going the way of France in the nineties sent only the holdings of the Government propriation of $250,000,000 to be used of the eighteenth century which plunged of India and they do not include private by the President to purchase food, cloth.. her into utter ruin and from which she holdings of gold, sterling balances, or ing, medicines, and the other necessaries probably never fully recovered. other foreign-exchange assets. India of life for the starving peoples of the If I did not believe that there is yet evidently does not hold any significant war-stricken areas. It would not au­ time to in great measure save our coun­ amounts of dollars at the present time. thorize the use of funds for any rehabili­ try from the evil effects of the course we This information was taken from the tation purposes, as is provided for in are pursuing, I should not now be making weekly statement of the Reserve Bank of the resolution. this plea. I do believe we could still do India for the dates mentioned. Mr. Chairman, members of the For­ much to avert trouble if we would but The CHAIRMAN. The time of the eign Affairs Committee have in the de­ firmly set ourselves to the task of stop­ gentleman has expired. bate on this resolution made rather ping all spending that is not absolutely Mr. SMITH of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, strong claims that their committee has necessary to the winning of the war to I ask unanimous consent to proceed for given long and deep study to this pro­ maintain the true functions of Govern­ 5 additional minutes. posal. We are asked to believe that they ment, and to confine· what aid we can The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection have gone into all phases of it with give to the war-stricken peoples to the to the request of the gentleman from great thoroughness. It seel;Ils to me, essentials of life. Ohio [Mr. SMITHJ? however, that at least one important Under the circumstances our aim There was no objection. consider:?.tion has been left out of their should be to a void undertaking any relief Mr. SMITH of Oi1io. Mr. Chairman, deliberations entirely; namely, the program which has even the possibilities answering the gentleman from New York wherewithal with which to pay for their in it of launching our Nation upon a [Mr. BLOOM], chairman of the House scheme. world-wide W. P. A., as this proposal cer- _ Foreign Affairs CGmmittee, I should· like Where is the money to come from to tainly has. We will have to help the to say that if he will read the Indian pay the cost of this gigantic undertak­ starving peoples of the war-stricken laws relating to gold-reserve require­ ing? This question has not been con­ countries as much as we possibly can, but m8nts as security for demand liabilities sidered, either in your committee deliber­ let us confine our aid to the essentials of in the form of circulating notes, the na­ ations or by any of the members of your life, food, clothing, medicines, and so ture of the sterling assets she owns, and committee who have spoken in the House forth, as we did in the other war. That so forth, he will see that India has no on the proposal. Yet, this is a vital program operated successfully, It did free gold for export. question. Indeed, I think it is the most not involve the creation of an interna­ The latest figure I have on the gold vital one. tional bureaucracy. It did not have in holdings of India is that furnished me I know it is difficult, if not impossible, it the dangers of overexpansion and by the Federal Reserve, which is $274,- to get many Members interested to any wasteful spending which the United Na­ 000,000 as of August 1943. India requires great extent in this phase of the sub­ tions Relief and Rehabilitation proposal a 40-percent gold, or gold and gold-ex­ ject. The attitude of mind of so many has. ·we should aim at giving the most change reserve, as cover for her circu­ of us seems to be to even a void having needed help. We should avoid alto­ lating notes. By "gold exchange'' is this question brought up. The Congress gether creating the gigantic , interna­ meant exchange which is payable on de­ has become so habituated to spending tional political machinery which this mand in gold. It is true India owns without ·regard either as to the amount proposal would embrace. $2,000,000,000, or more, of English ster­ or the eventual means of payment that Mr. JENKINS. Will the gentleman ling. But English sterling is not con­ it seems we have become utterly blind yield? vertible into gold on demand, in the sense to the ultimate consequences that must Mr. SMITH of Ohio. I yield to the the term "gold exchange" is supposed to result from this state of mind. gentleman from Ohio. be taken, and in which it is used in the The one and only source from which Mr. JENKINS. Is it not true that Indian law. the means can come to pay for this un­ those who are opposed to this proposi­ Indeed, one of the very purposes of the dertaking is the Government printing tion in principle but are willing to grant proposed international stabilization fund press. There just is no other source some relief, under the parliamentary sit­ is to bolster the value of English sterling, from which to obtain it. Taxation and uation the only chance they will have to and with United States gold. If you will the sale of bonds to private investors vote that way is to vote for the gentle­ look into the matter you will discover together are wholly inadequate to meet man's amendment? that India's gold holding is short by more Government· costs. The acquisition of Mr. SMITH of Ohio. The gentleman is than· $600,000,000 for her note cover. Government securities by the banking absolutely correct. Hence she does not have a dime in gold system is wholly a process o.f creat:ng Mr. Chairman, a few days ago when to export for any relief or other supplies. credit dollars by fiat. It is true inflation, the gentleman from New .York told us I have heard statements by members since it involve.:.: the creation of addi­ how this committee considered every of the Foreign Affairs Committee about tional fiat currency. phase of this proposed piece of legisla­ certain other countries having gold as­ Sooner or later the effects of this tion I heard him say tqat India had gold sets to pay for relief supplies. First, spending policy must manifest them­ enough to pay for her relief supplies. those countries who have gold or. other selves. All experience without exception Can the gentleman tell us something means to pay for their needs cannot truly teaches us to expect those effects to be about the status of gold with respect to be considered as coming under this pro­ greatly injurious to our economy. The India? posed program. It was my understand­ volume of fiat credit dollars is already Mr. BLOOM. Yes; I can. ing that the United Nations Relief and large. In June of last year total deposits Mr. SMITH of Ohio. Please do so. Rehabilitation program was to provide in all the banks was roundly $96,500,._ Mr. BLOOM. I would like to say I am charity only. 000,000. More than $57,000,000,000, or very glad the gentleman asked that ques­ Some of the western countries of Eu­ about 60 percent, of that amount con­ tion. rope were mentioned as having gold to sisted of Government printed or fiat dol­ At the beginning of the war, in Sep­ pay for relief. If you will take the lars. This involves only Government tember 1939, the Reserve Bank of India, trouble to examine the situation in those securities acquired by the banlcing sys­ which is the central bank of India, re­ countries you will find that in nearly all tem and does not involve an additional ported that it held in gold about $133,­ of them the same condition will be found amount of bank credit which comes ooo,ooo and in sterling balances-in as we mentioned in the case of India. In within the classification of fiat credit. dollar equivalent--a little less than those countries you will find their gold Indeed, the course we are pursuing is $2,000,000. holdings nearly all pledged as cover for in substance identical with that which In the latest statement available, that demand liabilities. was followed by Germany and which led of December 3, 1943, they report that No, the Committee on Foreign Affairs her into financial disaster. It is the their gold reserve is unchanged but that did not even make a pretense of finding 1944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 655 out how the program would be financed. want to be sure that when I cast my vote Mr. KEEFE. Mr. Chairman, I ask All it considered was the spending part. I am doing it in line with good conscience unanimous consent to proceed for 5 addi-. I urge upon you to support my amend­ and my responsibility in view of the pres­ tiona! minutes. ment so that we may avoid the danger of ent-day situation, but I confess that I The CHAIRMAN. Is there ob~ection setting up a global W. P. A. which inheres am somewhat troubled about this situa­ to the request of the gentleman from in this resolution. By supplying only tion. ·The distinguished gentleman from Wisconsin? · the necessaries of life, as we did in the Ohio has given this Congress something There was no objection. other war, we can avoid that danger and to think about. Mr. KEEFE. Mr. Chairman, I am one . hold the cost to a minimum. We used to have a Member of the of those who have confidence in our coun­ Mr. WHITE. Mr. Chairman, I move House who would stand here and ask, try. I am not selling my country short. to strike out the last word. "Where are you going to get the money?" I believe we can ultimately work ourselves Mr. Chairman, I am very much inter­ and do it every day, and people laughed out. I am not one of those who believe ested in the discussion that has just at him. Now we have reached a point we are going to repudiate this bond issue, taken place with reference to the mone­ where there does not seem to be anY nor am I one of those who believe we tary situation in India. I should like to thought given to the question of how we are going to pay it off with worthless tell the gentleman from New York that are going to keep on financing this ever­ money. We are going to pay it off with the most shameful manipulation of increasing and ever-continuing deficit confidence, work, production, and the money is going on in India and in the that faces our Nation. restoration of the wealth that we have Orient today. I should like to tell the Let us see where we stand. According been compelled to expend in our war ef­ gentleman from New York t-hat the to the most recent Treasury estimate, the fort. But I am just wondering·if we are British Government for India has just national debt will be $197,000,000,000 by going to continue on and on and on, and, debased the Indian rupee and cut its the end of this present fiscal year, and if there is going to be no end to these silver content in half-by minting according to the Budget estimate just programs for the expenditure of billions rupees of 50 percent silver and 50 per­ submitted by the President it will be of dollars, just how we are going to con­ cent alloy, and made the 92.5 grains of $257,000,000,000 by the end of the next tinue to finance it. That is a question pure silver no longer legal tender, thereby fiscal year, and no end is in sight at all. that is worrying me, and I know it is cutting down the purchasing power of Plan after plan after plan after plan is worrying the people of this country, Indian money, when they came to deal visualized to spend billions and billions They are beginning to wonder how we with this country, in half. and billions more. You tell me where we are going to be able in the post-war I should like to tell the gentleman from are going and where the people of this period to maintain our economy and to New York that, if he will read the bulletin country are ultimately going to get the continue to pay the taxes that are neces­ that came to his desk the other day from money to finance all these programs. sary to maintain that econOII:lY in the the National City Bank of his own city, God knows we want to be in th·e show. post-war period. They are beginning to he will find that gold today is worth $63 God knows the people of America want wonder how we can continue to plan and an ounce in India. I should like to tell to be a part of this cooperative effort. plan and plan these huge expenditures in him that gold is worth in Cairo more God knows we want to do something for the post-war period with apparently no than $60 an ounce. I should like to tell the distressed and starving people of thought being given to how we are going him that down in Buenos Aires gold is these occupied areas. But have these to raise the money that we propose to worth about $44 an ounce. great benefactors of mankind forgotten expend. We are printing money by the bale here that we have people here at home, the Mr. FORD. Mr. Chairman, will the and sending it by airplane to China, aged people of this country who are gentleman yield? where they have the most horrid inflation starving, and the white-collar classes, Mr. KEEFE. Yes. today. who are suffering today in this country? Mr. .FORD. Suppose the war goes on Talk about relief. May I suggest that Do you realize that every trust fund for 5 years. We will have to keep ap­ the learned gentleman from Ohio [Mr. of this Government has its funds now propriating, will we not? SMITH] get the facts on this money ques- invested in United States Government Mr. KEEFE. Yes; and asking that tion and the relief situation. · · bonds, that the funds of the old age and question does not relieve my concern, I . Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Chairman, survivors insurance, the funds of un­ will say to the distinguished gentleman will the gentleman yield? employment compensation, the funds of from California. He happens to be one Mr. WHITE. I yield to the gentleman the National Service Insurance Act, the of those gentlemen, from his general at­ from Michigan. United States Civil Service employees titude as manifested on the floor, who Mr. CRAWFORD. If go'ld is selling for retirement funds, the railroad retire­ apparently is not concerned. I am one $68 to $70 per ounce in Cairo and Bom­ ment funds,· the Canal Zone retirement of those who is concerned. I know that bay, what does that mean in the way of funds, and·the funds of every other trust we have got to go on. I know that we discount of American currency? fund are loaded up to the hilt and to the will have to spend untold billions yet be .. Mr. WffiTE. It means that American limit with United States Government fore this war is won, but I say to the gen­ currency is being discounted. tleman that. that fact that I say it will, Mr. CRAWFORD. About 50 percent. bonds? Do you realize that today, with the and that I shall vote to spend to win this Mr. WHITE. We have a stabilization war, does not relieve me of the ultimate fund of $2,000,000,000, but it does not deposits of this Nation $107,000,000,000, according to the most recent figures of concern as to what is going to happen to operate to stabilize the currency in face the economy of this country, because of of this inflation. the Treasury Department, 53.8 percent of the deposit liabilities of all the banks these expenditures, and I think it is high Mr. CRAWFORD. That is right. time when we are passing on an authori­ Mr. WHITE. A man in India may are invested now in United States Gov­ have gold at $64 an ounce when it is $35 ernment bonds? zation measure, authorizing an appro­ an ounce here, but what can he buy with Do you realize also that the Federal priation of $1,350,000,000, that this Com­ it? Why are the people in India starving Reserve banks have over $7,202,000,000 mittee give some particular serious by the hundreds of thousands when their invested in United States Government thought now as to whether or not we money has such purchasing power? The bonds, and that the people are going to are not overstepping the bounds, or most shameful manipulation of money is continue to. invest? But I am wonder­ whether or not the distinguished gen­ going on in the Orient and India today ing whether, when the emotionalism of tleman from Ohio is not right in offering that the world has ever seen. war is over, we are going to be able to the simple resolution that he has offered Mr. KEEFE. Mr. Chairman, I rise in continue on and on and on with these to restrict the present amount to $250,- opposition to the pro forma amendment. bond drives, to continue to sell bonds. 000,000. Mr. Chairman, I have tried to listen I am wondering who is going to buy the Mr. FORD. Mr. Chairman, will the with some care to the debate on this reso- bonds to be redeemed by the millions of gentleman yield? ·Iution. As one Member of Congress, I people who will want to spend -their Mr. KEEFE. Yes. think I reflect the attitude of the ma­ money when this war is over. Mr. FORD. Well, · the proposition is jority when I.say that we want to do the The CHAIRMAN. The time of the that this money is to be used to rehabili­ right thing in this matter. I for one gentleman from Wisconsin has expired. tate the overrun countries. 656 ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 'JANUARY 24 · Mr. KEEFE. · No; that is not the war like this from visiting this world. secure the very credit they created with proposition at all, and if the gentleman If we are even to start on that task every­ which to purchase them. I am not talk­ states that it is to rehabilitate ·these thing in our power must be done to pre­ ing about the sale of bonds to an in­ countries, then he has not read the bill vent hunger or, disease or pestilence after dividual, a bank, or a corporation, when or heard the argument. victory has at last been won. We are that person or corporation gives up Mr. FORD. I have read the bill and going to have to spend money for food money it already possesses to pay for. the that is exactly what it proposes to do. and medical supplies and other things, bonds. That is all right. It is not in­ Mr. KEEFE. Because in the very last for these poor people and I do not think flationary. Nor does the citizen who paragraph it clearly states the contrary that $1,350,000,000 is too much for the buys a bond create the money to buy it of what the gentleman has announced. United States to contribute. with. On the contrary he gives up part Mr. O'CONNOR. Mr. Chairman, will But this does not alter the concern ex­ of his money to the Government. the gentleman yield? pressed by the gentleman from Wisconsin I am only saying that the people of Mr. KEEFE. Yes. a bit, except that I would say that this America ought not to have their debt in­ ·Mr. O'CONNOR. I am impressed amount of money is on all fours with the creased by a thin dime when new money with what the gentleman is saying about war appropriations, and it is just as is created. And I am saying that as to appropriating billions of dollars. .I have necessary as war appro-priations if our one-third of . our present debt that is an amendment which I tried to get in objectives are the ones that we talk about. exactly what has happened. Well over here to reduce the amount to just one­ We do have to spend money to win this $50,000,000,000 of our national debt to­ half, but due to a new method of strategy war and we may have to spend it to com­ day consists of "debt that ought not to employed· by the committee, we were de­ bat the utter destitution that may follow be debt" as I call it in my book, Out of :pied the opportunity of voting upon the it in many parts of the world. Debt, Out of Danger. We are paying in­ $1,350,000,000. Mr. KEEFE. Mr. Chairman, ·will the terest today on $50,000,000,000 of our own Mr. KEEFE. , The gentleman has an gentleman yield? _ Nation's credit, yet it is called national opportunity to vote now when we vote Mr. VOORHIS of California. Yes. debt. Correction o( this one wrong on the amendment of the gentleman Mr. KEEFE. Will the gentleman ex­ would help a lot. But there can be no from Ohio. plain what funds have been used to re­ doubt that we shall have to bear heavy The CHAIRMAN. The time of the habilitate the people of north Africa in taxation in the future and our Nation's gentleman from Wisconsin has again ex­ the liberated areas and what funds are capacity to .pay those taxes is going to pired. being used and under what auspices are depend directly upon the degree to which Mr. FORD. Mr. Chairman, I move to the funds disbursed, that are being ex­ full production and full employment and strike out the last word. I have very pended now to take care of the people in abundant creation of wealth is main­ little to s~y any more than this, that the liberated areas of Italy and Sicily? tained in America. amendments that are being offered to Mr. VOORHIS of California. In north The CHAIRMAN. The time. of the this measure, almost any amendment Africa, I understand, there are funds gentleman from California has expired. that is offered and agreed to, excepting which in part have been repaid by the Mr. VOORHIS of California. Mr. one or two for the operation of it, will French. -I am informed that they have Chairman, I ask unanimous consent to vitiate it in its entirety. These amend­ made a good deal of repayment of the proceed for 5 additional minutes. ments to me smell like stale Munich money we haye ef{pended. The money that is in circulation in Italy, if that is The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection? beer, and they also smell like stale rice There .was no objection. and rotten fish from .TokYO, and that is what the gentleman has reference to, is exactly what I mean. Hitler and to furnish a needed circulation medium Mr. VOORHIS of California. The pos­ Hirohito must laugh when they hear to facilitate the exchange of goods there, sibility of making good the appropriation these arguments. We are asked here and, incidentally, it is working, and goods asked for or authorized in this bill, the are being exchanged, and that is the possibility of paying for the war, the pos­ for a sum of money to go into Eu~ope, sibility of solving the debt problem, above Asia, or wherever we have to go and exact purpose of money anyway, accord­ rehabilitate those people who have been ing to my view. ~11. the possibility of having good jobs for We have an unbalanced budget now, returning soldiers-all these depend and overrun by the Nazis, by the Japanese, the whole future of America depends· by Hirohito and Hitler, and you are ~nd we are piling up a huge debt, to which there must be an answer. I tried upon our keeping our farms and factories coming in here and .trying to cut it and mines and mills busy with produc­ down to a mer.e pittance, and I think it to answer that in a book which I sent to every Member of Congress. The fact is tion in the years after this war is over. is unworthy of the House of Representa­ But goods are not long produced without tives to stand here and try to accom­ that even if you reduce the war ex­ penditures as much as you -can without a market demand for them. And there­ plish a thing of that kind. To me, and fore the high national production which I am entitled to my opinion, it smells depriVing our Army and Navy of all they· might possibly need to win this war, you we must have depends upon whether or of isolationism under the guise of econ­ not we maintain a full home market for omy. Just as the Guam fortification still have to have much heavier taxes than now, if you are going to even come the goods we can and must produce in was defeated on the same plea. this country. Mr. VOORHIS of California. Mr. anywhere near to paying for this war Chairman, I move to strike out the last currently. I am one who believes taxes · Furthermore-and I come back now to five words. I would like to pick up this should be levied in accordance with our the remarks of the gentleman from Wis­ discussion where it was left by the gentle­ Nation's needs. We -have not done that consin-we must have a way of doing man from Wisconsin [Mr. KEEFE] if I and the new tax bill does not help. Mr. that, a way of assuring that full home may. I feel it is true, as my colleague Speaker, one-third of that national debt market without further increase in the from California [Mr. FoRD] in rather pic­ that we have contracted in this country public debt. I do not agree, on the one turesque words has said, that we cannot ought never to have been debt at all. hand, with people who give the . people view this problem of relief after a war of That portion of the debt has been piled of this Nation the impression that by this kind from any small or partisan, on the American people only because the cutting down on appropriations for some narrow or selfish point of view. I do not Government of the United States has bureau in the Department of Agriculture know whether we have spent more money turned over to the private banks the or for some other purpose that we can on the war than was necessary. War is power to create money, which power by lift the huge burden of debt that the war an expensive proposition at best . . It may the Constitution is reposed exclusively in is bringing upon us. Saving we should be that some of the expenditure could the Congress. Whenever Government make wherever it does not cripple neces­ have been saved. It does not seem to me, bonds have been sold to banks for new sary work, but save as we may on non­ in view of the magnitude and terrible demand deposits written on their books war expenditures the difference will not destruction of the war, that $1,350,000,000 for the purpose of buying the bonds we be great. Neither do I agree with those is in any way out of line with· what have been exchanging the credit of the who say the national debt does not make human need will be. If there is one thing American people for the credit of private any difference; that we can go on and on above all that men in the armed forces banking institutions, and have permitted increasing it, because we owe it to our­ expect of us it is th.at we prevent another them to use the Government bonds to· selves; for the ownership of Government 1944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 657 bonds is becoming ·more concentrated Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. I and duplicate this work and in many every day. would like to say to the gentleman, and instances interfere with the work of the I think the truth lies between those I think he knows that our Army is in military government? This extravagant two extremes. In the brief time that is occupied countries and in the liberated and needless duplication of expenditure permitted to me today I want to say areas, why have a duplication of appro­ could have been worked out in the com­ this. The American people do have to priations? Why have·an appropriation mittee, but the committee refused to have a way after this war of earning upon an appropriation? There is no continue the hearings and call well-in­ their way out of debt. They have to see need for that. We are all for relief. formed witnesses on the subject of relief. clearly how their financial problem can Mr. VOORHIS of California. Simply Personally interested witnesses were the be met. And a fundamental part of because I do not believe this is a job we only ones called. They knew little of the enabling our N-ation and people to earn ought to ask the military to perform. real job to be done. I know of no other their way out of debt after this war is Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. case in my many years of public service to credit the Nation as a whole rather They are doing it today. · when a committee has so denied the re­ than to the banking system alone the Mr. VOORHIS of California. I think quest of a senior member. Such action economic benefit from the creation of they have a big enough job already. was highly unwarranted. It is very bad money which is called for by the entire Mr. WHITE. Will the gentleman leadership. As a result I have been business life of this Nation when its ca­ yield? forced to present this duplication of re­ pacity to produce is increased. Today Mr. VOORHIS of California. I yield. lief work being done and planned by the the United States does not get that ben­ Mr. WHITE. The gentleman knows military government here in open forum efit. we recently passed an appropriation bill for the consideration of the entire Con­ Our Nation is compelling itself to bor­ for a large amount of money and we re­ gress. There is no limit to the time of row at interest from a private banking cently had a budget submitted to us for occupation and administration of the system every dollar that is called for of $100,000,000,000 for 1 year. military government. It may remain in additional circulating medium as a re­ Mr. VOORHIS of California. That is operation so long as conditions require. sult of increased production. There, to right_. It is responsible, not to an international me, is the key to the possibility of our Mr. WHITE. Computed at the rate body of carefully selected persons such sustaining a full demand for the goods of 3 percent, as the gentleman from as the U. N. R. R. A. It is responsible that our industry and agriculture can California suggested, on that debt in to General Marshall and Admiral King. produce in the future without further another 5 years we would have $3,000,- They are highly competent officers of the increasing the public debt. If we can 000,000 a year added to the national debt United States. Competent, indeed, to stabilize this debt after the war is won as an interest charge on the national delegate to highly trained, American offi­ we can handle it. We can pay it 'off. debt every year. Do you think the cers of military government, the admin­ \Ve can reduce it, provided in the future American people can stand for that? istration and supervision of relief in oc­ expansion of the Nation's power to pro­ Mr. VOORHIS of California. I do not cupied areas. duce is reflected on the books of account know. I most earnestly hope the war It is clearly evident there is a complete of this Nation and is entered as a credit will not last for 5 more years. I believe, duplication by u~ N. R. R. A., of plans 'instead of a debt. Credits are created as I have said, that the all-important and activities of the United States Army today on the books of the Federal Re­ thtng is for us to have a method whereby and Navy already in operation. The serve banks or on the books of private we can assure our producers of a full Army and Navy have worked out in commercial banks of this country and for market for all they can produce and to be minute detail plans for the supervising those credits we exchange interest­ able to do this without further increases of relief and all the related problems. bearing Government bonds. All I want in the debt. America can manage. She These plans constitute a carefully in­ to see is that those credits shall be cre­ can meet and solve her problems if she tegrated part of military operations. ated originally not on private bankers' maintains full production and if her Why is there any need for placing this books, but on the books of either a pub­ people see hope ahead. It is that hope­ "superduper" international group in au­ licly owned central bank of issue, which a way out-a solution of the problem, thority over them and interfering with the Federal Reserve banks can readily however great, that I seek to give. their plans and activities? be made, or on the books of the Treasury The CHAffiMAN. The time of the Certainly no Member of this House of the United States itself. gentleman has expired. would intentionally vote for legislation _This should be done only under au­ Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. at this time that would not only be em­ thority from Congress which would pro­ Chairman, I move to strike out the last barrassing to our military commands, vide by statute that there could never be section. I am delighted that the gentle­ but would cause them to greatly chang• inflation nor deflation of the purchasing man from Wisconsin made his able and plans, long developed and in operation. power of money in America. Control and very iJluminating address. It is a very I would remind the House under the use of the power to create money in persuasive argument for the amendment military and civil government in occu­ balance with production can prevent de­ I -just presented to the House. With its pied territories or in liberated territories, flation. Fearless use of taxation-a good well-trained personnel and carefully con­ the War and Navy Departments of Mili­ deal more fearless use than we are now sidered plans, some of which are now in tary Government are obligated to see making-is the only basic cure for infla­ operation, the military governments of that there is no interference with the tion. the Army and Navy can administer re­ education of the people, with the re­ Mr. KEEFE. Will the gentleman lief at the least possible expense to the ligious training of the people, with the yield? people not only of this country but also political desires of the people. The peo­ Mr. VOORHIS of California. I yield. of the occupied and liberated countries. ple are permitted to have their own re­ _Mr. KEEFE. I want to say to the dis­ The appropriation of billions for U. N. ligion and their own type of education. tinguished gentleman from California R. R. A., is not only a duplication of ex­ I have an amendment that I am going that if the remarks which I made served pense but also a duplication of admin­ to introduce for acceptance in this reso­ no other purpose than to prompt the dis­ istration. The Committee on Foreign lution on this subject. It is extremely cussion which has now taken place on Affairs did not call witnesses from the important. the floor, it has added a great contribu­ War Department or Navy Department. Certainly in these days of enormous tion to the information that this Con­ No officer or official representing the mil­ expenditures, no person, no Member of gress ought to have. I compliment the itar;· government was asked to testify. the House of Representatives, has any gentleman from California on the very They know something about relief for right to unnecessarily increase the bur­ studious and fine present::J,tion that he they are now administering it in liberated den of relief, burdens which not only the has just made. areas of north Africa, Sicily,_and Italy. people, the mothers and fathers of vet­ Mr. VOORHIS of California. I am Military government is doing a magnifi­ erans must pay, but also the veterans very much obliged to the gentleman. cent job in these areas of relief and re­ themselves, the very men giving their Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Will habilitation. Why should we finance lives to the country now and their chil­ the gentleman yield? this "superduper'' council, responsible to dren must pay for generations and gen­ Mr. VOORHIS of California. I yield. no government, to go into these areas erations to come. My amendment did XG--42 658 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 24 not carry in the House of Representa­ United Nations of the world to take over House, that I owe allegiance to no coun­ tives. I am hoping it will be considered and handle that situation. try except to the United States of Amer­ by the Senate. The Senate Foreign Re­ This U.N. R. R. A. will not come into ica. I am more interested in what comes lations Committee will have exhaustive any area until the military says it is the out of this war than I am about ordinary hearings, I am very sure, upon this mat­ wise thing to do and that they want it observations on this floor. ter. I do not believe for 1 minute that to come in. It will follow the military. What I was trying to do was to point any member of the Committee on For­ Therefore, it is necessary from a mili­ out that you have scrambled a great eign Relations will fail to call before it tary standpoint, to keep at least $1,350,- humanitarian process with certain eco­ those officers in the Army and the Navy 000,000~ in this bill. nomic problems that are going to plague that are assigned to the duties of relief How are you going to pay this national us abroad in the future. When I say and rehabilitation in occupied countries debt of ours without an orderly world? "economic problems," remember that the and in liberated areas. I believe every And how are you goin~ to have an or­ European countries each year for 20 Member here is searching his soul to find derly world after this war unless we are years have had government doles of the right thing to do. I have at least able to put the distressed and famine­ some kind or other unemployment in­ raised my voice in protest in open forum stricken people of the earth upon their surance, or what not, for 60,000,000 peo­ here in this House against this special feet in order that we may do business ple. That is what they faced during a method of administering and supervis­ with them. You cannot do it. period of peace. I do not propose to ing relief. I want to be certain relief is The gentleman from California [Mr. support any legislation on this floor that wisely and impartially distributed. VooRHIS] has talked about maximum is going to put into the hands of the ruler The CHAIRMAN. The time of the production, and we must have it. We of any country, any dictator, whether he gentlewoman has expired. must have the greatest markets this is an ally now or not, the power of say­ Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Chairman, I ask country ever knew, in order to pay the ing to the subjected country of which he unanimous consent that all debate -on debts that we are now saddling on com­ has control, "You will not get food for this amendment close in 5 minutes. ing generations. your babies or for yourself, unless you The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection? Now, what about the disillusioned peo­ vote as I want you to vote in this plebi­ Mr. REED of New York. Mr. Chair­ ple of the earth when they see that the scite.'' man, I object. nations which are able to do it will not I am trying to prevent the Christian Mr. RICHARDS. Mr. Chairman, I help them to get on their feet? What faith being attacked, possibly destroyed, rise in opposition to the amendment. are they going to do? They are going to by Communists. Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Chairman, will the do just exactly what the gentleman from The gentleman from Massachusetts gentleman yield for a moment? Ohio said the other day. That is, they [Mr. McCORMACK] said on November 1, Mr. RICHARDS. I yield. will turn to the man on horse back. Then 1939: Mr. BLOOM. If I amend my request where will be the United States and its Within the past few weeks, there came from to make it 10 minutes, will the gentle­ ability to pay the obligation, which in or­ Moscow itself the admission that Catholic man object? der to fight this war, we have already priests were murdered, with the lying state• Mr. REED of New York. If I am saddled upon coming generations? This ment that they were resisting the Communist recognized, I will not object. $1,350,000,000 is the minimum. I am army. They were murdered in ChriStian Mr. BLOOM. Yes. That is the rea­ surprised that any M~mber would get -qp Poland for the same reason that they have son I amended it. on this floor, after we have appropriated been murdered for 20 years in Soviet Russia, The SPEAKER.. Is there objection to all these billions of dollars for this war, priests, ministers and rabbis, because they and say "We will cut off our noses in or­ were messengers of God, doing the work of the request of the gentleman from New God on earth. York [Mr. BLOOM]? der to spite our faces and we will not ap­ There was no objection. propriate $1,350,000,000." We will not be I would call the attention of the House Mr. RICHARDS. Mr. Chairman, it is alone but joined with 43 other nations to to the fact that when the State, Com­ very, very important that we keep our help the helpless all over the world in merce, and Justice Department appro­ feet on the ground. I am in full sym­ proportion to the means and responsi­ priation bill for 1941 was under consider­ pathy with the remarks made by the bility of each nation. This appropria­ ation on February 7, 1940, which was to gentleman from Wisconsin [Mr. KEEFE], tion is necessary to enter a world organi­ provide for the salaries of ambassadors as to the gravity of the financial condi­ zation which will blaze a new path of in­ and ministers, the distinguished gentle­ tion of the United States. I know that ternational cooperation. It is necessary man from Massachusetts [Mr. McCoR­ we have a great national debt. I know for the military welfare of our country. MACK] offered an amendment to strike tflat the coming generations have got to It is necessary from the standpoint of out the words "Union of Soviet Socialist pay it. I am worried about it just as political stability in this world. It is nec­ Republics." the gentleman is worried about it. But, essary in order that we may speed the That shows that he then felt, as he Mr. Chairman, we are engaged in a great wheels of progress throughout the world must feel now, that the Christian or­ war. I want to remind the House of the and keep the markets of the world open. ganizations should still fear the attitude fact that if General Marshall came be­ It is necessary in order that this debt, of Communist countries toward Chris­ fore the Military Affairs Committee to­ which we have saddled upon our children tian churches and organizations in this morrow and asked for $100,000,000,000 to and our grandchildren eventually may country and in foreign countries. help win this war he would get it with­ be paid. These funds with which it is proposed out a dissenting vote. That is how The CHAIRMAN. The time of the to feed the destitute of Europe and Asia, patriotic this House is. Now that being gentleman from South Carolina [Mr. which is under consideration today, the case, what about this $1,350,000,000? RICHARDS] has expired. should be handled, as I have said before, What about it? It is true it will add to Mr. REED of New York. Mr. Chair­ by the Christian organizations now oper­ the national debt, but in my considered, man, I move to strike out the last four ating and prepared to operate, wherever conscientious opinion, this $1,350,000,000 words. there are hungry and starving people to is just as necessary for the winning of Mr. Chairman, I understand when I be fed. The money should not be made the war and the preservation of the peace was absent from the House engaged in available to dictators, to make as a con­ in an orderly world as any $1,350,0.00,000 conference on the tax bill, the very dis­ dition precedent to feeding those people, we have appropriated for the Army and tinguished leader from Massachusetts their willingness to sacrifice their inde­ the Navy. Why? Do you think the boys [Mr. McCoRMACK] made some observa­ pendence, and support of a Communist who are fighting in Italy, and the gen­ tions in regard to a speech which I regime. That is his indictment. I am erals who are leading them can win our made on the floor, in which my friends trying to save the Christian religion all battles there with a disorganized popula­ tell me he intimated that I was inter­ over the world from having to be domi­ tion behind them? With disease, hun­ fering with the Christian people and nated or disturbed by the work of this ger, and lack of clothing and shelter their purposes insofar as this legislation communistic society. I do not propose rampant? They cannot do it, and ·they is concerned. by my vote to put any implement of dom­ do not want to do it, and they want some I want it definitely understood, and I ination in their hands to carry on their civilian agency of the government of the have said it before on the :floor of this subversive activities here, and we know 1944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 659 they will do it. What I want to do is to therein a radio address by Goverpor Fifth. Give taxpayers until January put these funds, if we are going to legis­ O'Conor and also a statement showing 15 following the close of the taxable year late this way, into the hands of the serv­ things expected of the various States, in which to file an amended declaration ices of the Christian organizations of and a resolution received from the Amer­ of their e s tima ~ed tax and thereby avoid this and other countries now organized, ican Legion on the soldiers' vote. penalty for any underestimate. This now in the field ready to carry on this The SPEAKER. Without objection, it will eliminate the guessing contest in the work. Let us separate and unscramble is so ordered. present law which has resulted in so much this from the economic situation of drill­ There was no objection. irritation and confusion. ing oil wells and building factories to Mr. KEFAUVER. Mr. Speaker, I ask · The elimination of the Victory tax compete with this country after the war. unanimous consent to extend my own through merger with the regular income So I say to the gentleman from Massa­ remarks in the RECORD and to include tax requires the increase of the existing chusetts that every word I have said here therein three editorials. surtax rates by approximately 3 points in is in the interests of the Christian faith The SPEAKER. Without objection, it each bracket, in order to preserve rela­ and its organizations. is so ordered. tively the same total burden as at pres­ The CHAIRMAN. The time of the There was no objection. ent. For the same reason, it is necessary gentleman from New York has expired. Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. to fix the married exemption at $1,10J, All time has expired. The question is Speaker, I ask unanimous consent tore­ as compared with the present $624 ex­ on the amendment offered by the gen­ vise and extend the remarks I made this emption under the Victory tax and the tleman from Ohio. afternoon and to include a small part of $1,200 exemption under the regular in­ The question was taken; and on a the hearings, the report and also a 1etter come tax. The $500 exemption for single division (demanded by Mr. SMITH of from the State Department. persons and the $350 exemption for each Ohio) there were-ayes 76, noes 120. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to dependent would not be changed under Mr. SMITH of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, I the request of the gentlewoman from my bill. demand tellers. Massachusetts [Mrs. RoGERS]? While the elimination of the Victory Tellers were ordered, and the Chair There was no objection. tax, with its extremely low exemption for marriE:d persons and heads of fami­ appointed as tellers Mr. SMITH of Ohio H. R. 4040 and Mr. BLOOM. lies, will free a large number of small tax­ The Committee again divided; and the ·Mr. CARLSON of Kansas. Mr. Speak­ payers from tax, there is no way to really er, I ask unanimous consent to extend simplify the law and the returns without tellers reported that there were-ayes 72, my own remarks at this point in the taking this step. I believe it was a mis­ noes 138. RECORD on a tax bill I introduced today. take, in the first place, to have levied an So the amendment was rejected. The'SPEAKER. Is there objection to income tax on a married man with a Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Chairman, I move the request of the gentleman from Kan­ gross income of as little as $625 a year. that the Committee do now rise. sas [Mr. CARLSON]? From the revenue standpoint, the total The motion was agreed to. There was no objection. tax paid by this group was not a very Accordingly the Committee rose; and - Mr. CARLSON of Kansas. Mr. Speak­ large percentage of the total, being only the Speaker having resumed the chair, er, the country is demanding action by $300,000,000 of the total personal income­ Mr. O'NEAL, Chairman of the Committee Congress looking to the simplification of tax burden of $17,000,000,000. of the Whole House on the state of the our complex and bewildering income-tax .This potential loss of revenue would be Union, reported that that Committee, offset in part by the reduction of the having had under consideration House law and returns. On December 21, 1943, I placed in the married exemption under the regul21.r in­ Joint Resolution 192 to enable the come tax to $1,100 and the remainder by United States to participate in the work CONGRESSIONAL RECORD a statement mak­ ing certain suggestions for simplifica­ readjustments in the surtax rates. of the United Nations Relief and Re­ In order to have a single tax base, to habilitation organization, had come to tions. Following the disposition of the pending tax bill I feel that this subject which both the normal and surtax will no resolution thereon. should be made the first order of business apply, it is necessary to abandon the so­ PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE by the House Ways and Meal;ls Commit­ called earned income credit provided by Mr. MeCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I tee. existing law. The pending revenue bill ask unanimous consent that on Wednes­ In order to bring the matter to a head, already contains a provision repealing day, January 26, after the disposition of I am today introducing a bill designed to this credit, which is not of substantial legislative business and the other special streamline the individual income-tax law benefit to taxpayers in any case. orders on the Speaker's desk the gentle­ and returns. My measure is based on the It fs my purpose to also provide for a man from Texas [Mr. PATMAN] may ad­ suggestions outlined in my December 21 single-rate schedule, rather than con­ dress the House for 40 minutes. statement, and is offered simply as a tinue the present normal tax-surtax The SPEAKER. Without objection, it basis for discussion, and not with the combination, but it appears to be neces­ is so ordered. idea that it is the last word on the sub­ sary to maintain this distinction in the There was no objection. ject. It would bring about the following law in order not to lose the surtax on in­ Mr. FOLGER. Mr. Speaker, I ask salutary changes: come from partially tax-exempt United unanimous consent that the special order First. Provides for only one tax on per­ States bonds, which by their terms are I have for this afternoon may be trans­ sonal incomes, with a single base and a exempt from tax except "graduated ad­ ferred to Wednesday, January 26. single set of rates and exemptions, ditional income taxes, commonly known through merger of the Victory tax with as surtaxes." However, under the terms The SPEAKER. Without objection, it of my bill, the Commissioner of Internal is so ordered. the regular income tax. There was no objection. Second. Eliminate the necessity of fil­ Revenue would be directed to combine ing returns in the case of persons whose the two sets of rates on the returns, in­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS tax liability is substantially withheld at structions, and work sheets with appro­ Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. Speaker, I ask the source, but permit returns to be filed priate credit for partially tax exempt unanimous consent to extend my own re­ at the taxpayer's option. This would bond interest. marks in the RECORD and include therein benefit 30,000,000 taxpayers and in gen- My bill does not make any change in a radio address by the President of . era! cover those who are not now re- the present withholding provisions, al­ Metal Trades Department of the Ameri­ quired to file declaration of estimated tax. though some adjustment may be neces­ can Federation of Labor. . Third. Permit the use of the short form sary or desirable in any final legislation The SPEAKER. Without objection, it of return by taxpayers with up to $5,000 dealing with income-tax readjustments, is so ordered. gross income. Limit is $3,000 in present so as to eliminate overwithholding or un­ There was no objection. law. derwithholding. Also, study should. be Mr. D'ALESANDRO. Mr. Speaker, I Fourth. Bring about drastic simplifi­ given to making more adequate allow- ask unanimous consent to extend my own cation of both the short form and the . ance under withholding for contribu­ remarks in the RECORD and include long form of return. tions, taxes, interest payments, alimony 660 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-I-IOUSE JANUARY 24 payments, and so forth, since overwith­ own remarks in the RECORD and to in­ days from now-would bar all new Jew.. holding will defeat the purpose of elimi­ clude therein a speech made on January ish immigration into Palestine-the one nating the return requirement. 22 by the gentleman from Texas [Mr. country which is anxious to receive the I propose to give study to two further RAYBURN]. shattered remnants of European Jewry. simplification changes which I hope may The SPEAKER. ·Is there objection to At this very moment millions of op­ be worked out in the near future. One the request of the gentleman from Mas­ pressed and persecuted Jews are im .. of these contemplates the adoption of a sachusetts [Mr. ·McCORMACK]? ploring the civilized world to provide them system of graduated withholding, so that. There was no objection. with a means of escape from their Axis the full liability of all taxpayers, sub­ Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I inquisitors. German troops take time stantially all of whose income from sal­ ask unanimous consent to extend my own off to murder every surviving Jewish ary and wages, may be withheld at the remarks in the RECORD and to include an person as they fall back to the borders of source and the need for filing returns address recently made by Donald M. pre-war Germany, and it has become in­ eliminated. The other change-would in­ Nelson, the cost of which is, according to creasingly apparent that it will take too volve the use of the short form of return the estimate of the Public Printer, long for any new agency to do an ef­ in the case of gross incomes of from $112.50. I ask that the speech may be fective job of saving these hapless peo­ $5,000 to possibly $10,000. For the pres­ printed notwithstanding the estimate. ple. In order that they may be rescued, ent, however, the use of the short form The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the existing machinery simply must be by persons with gross incomes up to the request of the gentleman from Mas­ made to w·ork. I propose to explain the $5,000 will take care of the great mass of sachusetts [Mr. McCoRMACK]? nature of that machinery and to show taxpayers. There was no objection. how it can be made to work. It is my earnest hope that the Ways WITHDRAWAL FROM FILES OF CERTAIN .There exists at the present time in and Means Committee will give prompt AFFIDAVITS AND PAPERS Palestine an internationally assured attention to the whole subject of simpli­ homeland for the Jewish people. It fication including the consideration of Mr. SHAFER. Mr. Speaker, I ask would seem, therefore, logical that Pales­ House Joint Resolution 211 which I in­ unanimous consent to withdraw from the tine should be the country to absorb the troduced on January 10 for the estab­ files of the House of Representatives affi­ bulk of the millions of Jews now knock­ lishment of a Federal Tax Commission to davits and papers filed in support of pri­ ing on the doors of the nations of the streamline and simplify the entire Fed­ vate bill H. R. 1467, Seventy-sixth Coq­ world. Half a million Palestinian Jews eral tax structure. Immediate action gress, first session. are eager to receive their downtrodden along this line is imperative. The SPEAKER. Has any report been brethren. They have stated many times filed on the bill? EXTENSION OF REMARKS their spiritual and economic prepared­ Mr. SHAFER. The bill has been with­ ness to absorb the great mass of Euro­ Mr. REED of New York. Mr. Speaker, drawn. pean Jewish refugees. I ask unanimous consent to extend the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to This Palestinian offer is reinforced by remarks I made late this afternoon and the request of the gentleman from Mich­ some of the most sacred covenants of our to include excerpts from a speech of igan [Mr. SHAFER]? time. A brief survey of the historical • December 7, 1940. There was no objection. facts pertaining to the establishment of The SPEAKER. Is there objection to The SPEAKER. Under previous spe­ the Jewish homeland will serve to spot­ the request of the gentleman from New cial order of the House, the gentleman light the responsibility of the United Na­ York [Mr. REED]? · from Connecticut [Mr. TALBOT] is recog­ tions toward the Jewish people and its There was no objection. nized for 12 minutes. homeland. THE REELECTION OF FRANKLIN D. PALESTINE Mr. WHITE. Mr. Speaker, will the ROOSEVELT FOR A FOURTH TERM gentleman yield? Mr. TALBOT. Mr. Speaker, I ask Mr. TALBOT. I yield to Mr. LAMBERTSON. Mr. Speaker, I unanimous consent to revise and extend the gentle­ ask unanimous consent to address the my remarks and to include two resolu­ man from Idaho. House for 1 minute. tions as a part of my remarks, Mr. WHITE. Would the gentleman The SPEAKER. Is there objection to consider the possibility of establishing a the request of the gentleman from The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Jewish homeland in the Western Hemi­ Kansas [Mr. LAMBERTSON]? the request of the gentleman from Con­ sphere, on the coast of Peru?· On the There was no objection. necticut [Mr. TALBOTJ? Pacific side is a plain there where it Mr. LAMBERTSON. Mr. Speaker, There was no objection. does not rain but it is very fertile. By now that the Democratic National Com­ Mr. TALBOT. Mr. Speaker, the sub­ bringing the waters from the head of mittee insists on the fourth term, permit ject I wish to speak upon today should the Amazon it would make it very valu­ me to express this observation: If the not be controversial. There should be able land. There are 100 square miles American people elect Franklin D. Roose­ no disagreement on either side of the -in there of what is the most fertile lands velt for the fourth term they are insur­ aisle. In every American city today, or­ in the world, in oqe of the finest climates ing the extension of the emergency to ganizations are being formed to bring in the world. 5 years from right rtow, because the Con­ relief to the persecuted Jews of Europe. Mr. TALBOT. I may say before I gress must repeal the emergency and he These organizations contain the names complete my statement I think I will will probably control one-third of the of our most representative citizens of ev­ cover the whole situation. Senate sustaining a veto. He will never ery race and creed. Nor am I unmindful Mr. WHITE. I have been trying to give up any power. He will make horse­ of the boast of Hitler, made in his New find time to make 'the necessary investi­ play out of it'like he is doing with the tax Year's Day radio sperch, that he would gation. As chairman of the Committee bill, the soldiers' vote bill, and the bill exterminate every Jew in Europe before on Irrigation and Reclamation of the banning subsidies, when there is a clear he gave up the reins. I am also remind­ House, I am going to propose a project majority against him in both Houses in ed that within the past week, the Foreign for the establishment of the Jews in Peru each case. The President intends to be Relations Committee of the Senate, by at a point that is not now inhabited. It President as long as he lives and the unanimous resolution, has advocated is one of the finest countries in the world, national emergency will last as long as instant relief for these peoples. if they only had water. It seems to me he is President. If people want their Mr. Speaker, the question of the plight the Jews should look into the possibili­ boys and girls to stay in uniform and of the Jews of Europe has been discussed ties of that project. on foreign fields, even if hostilities cease, on the ftoor of this House before. If I Mr. TALBOT. Mr. Speaker, 25 years if they want rationing to continue and bring it up again at this time, it is be­ ago Britain issued the famous Balfour multiply, bureaus to continue and multi­ cause the one practical, immediate step Dechration, which pledged that govern­ ply,·they should make this thing possible. which can be taken to save the millions ment's aid in the establishment in Pales­ of Jews still left in Europe is shortly to tine of a national home for the Jewish EXTENSION OF REMARKS be prohibited. It is because the Cham­ peoplt:. That deClaration was published Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker. I berlain White Paper of 1939, which goes to the world, with the full approval of all ask unanimous consent to extend my into effect on March 31, 1944-just 66 . the Allied Powers then engaged in the J 1944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 661 First World War, and with the encour- . th·e Middle East. The Jews of Palestine call his attention to the fact that Pales­ agement and support of the United have created an oasis of militant democ­ tine could not absorb all of the perse­ States. It gave promise of the fulfill­ racy in a desert of indifference and cuted Jews who are doomed to die unless ment of an age-old Jewish dream. That animosity. something is done by the Allied Nations. pledge was strengthened when the terms The full story of Palestine Jewry's con­ I have introduced House Joint Resolu­ of the Balfour Declaration were incor­ tribution to the war remains to be told, tion 154 to admit temporarily into this porated into the peace treaty, with the and it is imperative that the facts be country only for the duration of the war aid and approval of President Woodrow made known now. Here is part of that a number of people who are physically, Wilson. The mandate for Palestine was story: mentally, and morally good. Can the conferred upon Great Britain by the 52 Jewish Palestine has sent 30,000 volun­ gentleman speak on that question, too, nations of the League of Nations. Eng­ teers i.nto direct action against the Axis. and state whether he would be willing land became the trustee for the estab­ Thirty thousand, out of a total Jewish to go along to the extent of admitting a lishment of a Jewish national home in population of about 550,000, is the equiv­ number of those people to this country Palestine. At that time, Wilson, Lloyd alent of a voluntary enlistment of 8,000,- as well as to other Allied counties in George, Smuts, Churchill, and many 000 in the United States. And despite the order to save them? others prophesied that when continued fact that Jews constitute but one-third Mr. TALBOT. At the outset of my re­ immigration gave Jews the sanctkm of of the Palestine population, a full 75 per­ marks I mentioned that all over this numbers, a Jewish commonwealth would cent of the volunteers are Jews. country today there are organizations rise on the banks of the' Jordan. The Palestinian Jewish troops have left consisting not only of Jewish people but Mr. Speaker, in 1922 the House of their dead on every Mediterranean and of Catholic priests, Protestant ministers, Representatives and the Senate of the Middle Eastern battlefield. They were bishops, and others of our finest people, United States, by unanimous vote, the suicide units who fought in Eritrea, representative of our citizenry, who are adopted ·a joint resolution favoring the the stevedores who, in Winston Church­ deeply interested in this matter. establishment of the Jewish homeland ill's words, "unloaded history" in Tunisia, The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ in Palestine. Two years later, a special the engineers who manned General tleman from Connect~cut has expired. treaty between England and the United Montgomery's fortifications and trans­ Mr. TALBOT. Mr. Speaker, I ask states gav~ reenforced American sanc­ portation systems when the Eighth unanimous consent to proceed for 2 addi­ tion to the mandate for Palestine. I Army was engaged in the crucial Battle tional minutes. should like to call one clause of that of Egypt. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to treaty in particular to your attention. Mr. Speaker, there are now over 2,000 the request of the gentleman from Con­ It reads: Palestinian Jewish girls driving trucks necticut? Nothing in the treaty shall be affected by which ferry supplies from north African There was no objection. any modifications which may later be made ports to inland bases. Mr. TALBOT. Mr. Speaker; Britain is in the terms of the mandate, unless such Moreover, since the outbreak of war, today one of the leaders of the United modifications shall have first been assented the citizens of the Palestine home front Nations. Together with our own Gov­ to by the United States. have upped their industrial production ernment, she gave to the peoples of the The United States has never relin­ threefold. Jewish factories working world the Atlantic Charter. It is incon­ quished that right. Every American three shifts a day, produced $42,000,000 gruous that a nation which proclaims President, from Woodrow Wilson to worth of vital war materials in 1942. that all men in all lands should live in Franklin D. Roosevelt, has reaffirmed and Despite the acute farm-labor shortage peace and security should at the same declared as traditional policy of the occasioned by the unprecedented num­ time admit authorship of the infamous United States with regard to Palestine­ ber of Jews who have joined the forces white paper. It is almost incredible the restoration of the Jewish national and entered war plants, Palestine has that the Jewish national homeland, so homeland. made great strides toward agricultural solemnly pledged to the Jewish people Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, will the self-sufficiency. It has doubled both the by Great Britain, should be the one place gentleman yield? area under irrigation and the crop yield. on this earth, outside of Axis-dominated Mr. TALBOT. I yield to the gentle­ Mr. Churchill has said that a people countries, where Jews are to be barred, man from New York. is entitled to its freedom to the extent simply because they are Jews. Mr. CELLER. I am sure the gentle­ that it fights for it. The Jews of Pales­ I believe that the present leaders of man will also point out that the so­ tine are fighting. They are fighting not the British Government are aware of called MacDonald White Paper of 1939 only for their own lives and rights, but that incongruity. They were not re­ violates the very treaty to which the gen­ also for the lives and rights of the mil­ sponsible for the promulgation of the tleman has referred. lions of European Jews who are unable to white-paper policy, but they are re­ Mr. TALBOT. That is correct, and I defend themselves. They are fighting sponsible for its continuation. Five will point that out. in the common struggle to protect the years ago, in parliamentary debate on Mr. CELLER. Further, our adminis­ rights of all people in all lands. that subject, Mr. Churchill rose in the tration, including our State Department, And what is more-they have gone House of Commons to denounce the has seen fit to remain silent in the face all-out in this war despite the existence white paper in the most vigorous lan­ of that violation. of a document which, if implemented, guage. He called it a breach and re­ Mr. TALBOT. That is correct. will freeze them into a permanent pudiation of the Balfour Declaration and Mr. Speaker, our support of that Jew­ minority in their own homeland. That of England's sacred obligation as the ish homeland 25 years ago was more than document, the Palestine White Paper, mandatory power entrusted with the es­ an act of decency. It was an act of faith. penned by Prime Minister Chamber­ tablishment of the Jewish national And the developments of the past twen­ lain's colonial office in 1939, would homeland and the close settlement of ty-odd years have proved that our faith slam the doors of Palestine in the faces Jews on Palestine's soil. Mr. Churchill was not misplaced. Jewish Palestine has of all Jewish immigrants on March 31. · now has an opportunity which comes grown from a tiny settlement to a thriv­ It was issued to appease those Arabs to few leader& against an injustice-the ing modern community of over half a who had been stirred up against the chance to implement his words with con­ million. Its pionea·s have transformed British and tl:.e Jews by the Nazis and crete actions. wasteland into rich fields and orchards; the Fascists. It rewards Britain's ene­ We in America have .both the legal its workers and teachers have brought mies and penalizes her best friends in the right and the moral duty to strongly urge life not merely to the half-million Jews Middle East. that the British Government should do who came there, but also to those millions Mr. DICKSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, will this. There should be no question here who, throughout the most terrible per­ the gentleman yield? of embarrassing an Allied nation. This secution in all history, have been sus­ Mr. TALBOT. I yield to the gentle­ business of the white paper is not a del­ tained only by the hope of being able to man from New York. icate controversial issue in which we dare reach their homeland. Mr. DICKSTEIN. I am in full accord not engage; for it is the existence of the Palestine exists today as the one active with the gentleman's statement and am white paper which creates controversy and loyal ally of the United Nations in very grateful for his fine remarks, but I and not the effort to combat it. , 662 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 24 Immigration into Palestine is vital to demonstrate its belief in the sanctity of in­ elude non-Jews. I think it is degrading the lives of millions of people, and its ternational word by acting to uphold the and shameful that an official of our ad­ discussion cannot be postponed indef­ promise made by Great Britain, the United ministration should imply, much less States, and 50 other nations. initely. As cosigners of the 1924 treaty OSCAR COHEN, aver, that we intend to withhold aid from with Britain, we in the United States President. non-Jews. We are in favor of aid to all must see to it that the mandate of Pal­ MORRIS DELLIN, persons, but beyond that, and not as a estine and the Balfour Declaration are Secretary. substitute, we want a special and an ex­ fulfilled. EXTENSION OF REMARKS traordina:r;y aid concomitant with espe­ LADIES AUXlLIARY, Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Speaker, I ask cial and extraordinarily cruel treatment CONG!i.EGATION SoNS OF ISRAEL, of Jews and all others threatened with Derby, Conn., January 13, 1944. unanimous consent to revise and extend death: No minority people are treated Twenty-six years have elapsed since the is­ the remarks I made on the joint resolu­ as cruelly as the Jew. All others are in a suance of the Balfour Declaration by the tion under consideration this afternoon British Government. This statement pledged and include therein a short editorial. prison, but the Jew is in a death cham­ the reestablishment of a national home, for The SPEAKER. Is there objection to ber. All others may with victory ulti­ the Jewish people in Palestine and was en­ the request of the gentleman from Mich­ mately breathe free, but the Jew iS in a dorsed by 52 nations of the world, including charnel house-most of them already are the United States. In that time the Jewish igan? There was no objection. in a sepulcher. people have demonstrated by its zeal, its ef­ [Mr. forts, and its accomplishments that it stands The SPEAKER. Under a previous The gentleman from California ready to continue its progress in one of the order of the House, the gentleman from RoGERS], who is present in the Chamber, great est colonization achievements of mod­ New York [Mr. CELLER] is recognized for has offered one of the aforesaid resolu­ ern times. 30 minutes. tions providing extraordinary treat­ At times when the tortured, homeless Jews ments for those who are being extraordi­ of Europe look to Palestine as their last hope ENTRANCE OF REFUGEES INTO THE narily and cruelly treated. It calls for of refuge, the very existence of the national UNITED STATES the establishment of a special board ap­ homeland is being threatened. Under the Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, I ask pointed by the President to find havens terms of the Palestine White Paper, issued by unanimous consent to ·revise and extend the Chamberlain Government in 1939, Pales­ and refuge for the victims of Nazi tyr­ tine is to be closed to Jewish immigration on my remarks and include therein an aide anny. The President in his wisdom Sat­ March 31, 1944. This is a clear repudiation of memoire prepared for me by the Ameri­ urday last, by Executive directive, set up a promise undertaken before the world and can-Jewish Conference on Jewish Refu­ the War Refuge Board, similar to the written into international law. This White gees between 1933 and 1943, inclusive. authority the gentleman from California P aper has been condemned by the Perma­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to [Mr. ROGERS] advocated, and the Presi­ nent Mandates Commission of the League of the request of the gentleman from New dent stressed in an accompanying state­ Nations as being contrary to the spirit of the York? ment to his directive the very details that Balfour Declaration: Wherefore be it There was no objection. Resolved, That we, the members of the are embodied in the so-called Rogers Ladies Auxiliary earnestly appeal to the Gov­ Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, Mr. resolution, and he asked directly and by ernment of the United States to take all Breckenridge Long, Assistant Secretary inference that especial treatment be ac­ necessary and appropriate action to insure of State, appeared before the House corded the Jews, who are being heinously the complete wit hdrawal of the Palestine Foreign Affairs Committee on Novem­ tortured and pillaged and plundered l>Y White Paper of May 1939 with its unjustifi­ ber 26, 1943, and testified concerning Hitler and his Quislings. able restrictions on immigration and land House Resolution 350 and House Reso­ Further, on page 22 of the testimony settlement. We ask that Palestine be opened lution 352. His testimony has been wide to Jewish immigration and that it be of Mr. Long we find the specific state- printed, and in reading that testimony ment: · reconstituted as a Jewish commonwealth so I find therein so many faults and errors that the Jewish people, with all others, may The point is made that the historic attitude share in the just and lasting peace which we with reference to the subject matter of of the United States in providing a haven to pray will result from this struggle. the resolutions in question that I deem the oppressed has not been stopped. The Mrs. PHILIP BRESLOW, it incumbent to point them out and high­ State Department has kept the door open. It President. light them. They indicate a culpability is perfectly screened. The door is Mrs. ALEXANDER LANDER, that cannot go by unnoticed. They must open. • * • There are vacancies on the Secre~ary. be corrected, because they caused grave list of quotas. · and erroneous impressions in the minds CONGREGATION BETH-EL, That is an astonishing statement and of the committee members, and false no­ does not square With the facts. The Ansoni a, Conn., January 20, 1944. tions in the minds of the public gener­ In 1917 the British Government, througl} "door is not open." It is on a tiny, a tl"le inst rument of the Balfour Declaration, ally. They seem to indicate not only a lack of appreciation of the subject mat­ very tiny crack. For example, fewer im­ guaranteed to the Jewish people a national migrants entered during the past fiscal Jewish homeland in Palestine, with the as­ ter of the resolutions but seem to indi­ surance that Great Britain would do all in cate that the gentleman, in questions in year than entered during the last 80 her power to facilitate the undertaking. his testimony, went pretty far afield in years. Not since 1863 have less immi­ This agreement was endorsed by 52 nations, his desire to bolster his forced and false grants come to our country. At a time including the United States. On the basis conclusions. A little research would when mass murders in Festung Europa of this promise, the Jewish people have built were greatest; in 1943, when the doors of in Palestine a thriving an d prosperous com­ have told him of -his blunders. He de­ munity out of waste desert lands. serves condign criticism. It indicates refuge should have be-en kept open, they The MacDonald White Paper, issued by that he is no longer entitled to hold were deliberately, . practically closed. the Chamberlain government in 1939, is a sway over refugees and visas. For ex­ Only 5.9 percent of all immigrants ad­ betrayal of Britain's promise.' This paper, ample, he said, in his testimony as it missible came in in that year. Nobody is which will go into effect April 1, 1944, cuts appears on page 32, as follows: asking for any change in the immigra­ off all Jewish immigration into Palestine and · We have been interested in refugees, and I tion statutes. We are asking changes in restricts land sales to Jews. think there has been some indisposition on At a period when, more tlian ever, millions the impossible conditions and cruel, the part of some officers to accept a thought cold-blooded regulations that are laid o! destitute Jews look to Palestine as their that the American Government ought to spe­ only refuge, the white paper constitutes a cialize and make it particularly direct that down as to "screening" by the Depart­ :flagrant breach of faith: Therefore be it we .are interested only in the Jews. We have ment of State, and particularly by Mr. Resolved, That we, the members of the felt from the start that we could not exclude Long . . Congregation Beth-El, urge the Government other persons from our governmental and However, because of the richly de­ of the United States to use such influence official activities. as will cause the British Government to served criticisms brought against Mr. withdraw in its entirety the Palestine White On page 45 appears the following as Long, I am happy to state that those in Paper of May 1939. We ask that the gates Mr. ·Long's testimony: authority in the Department of State are of Palestine be opened wide to Jewish im­ The State Department's policy, I think, about to decree that Mr. Long shall no migration, that the immigration quota be must be that we cannot exclude persons from longer be in charge of refugees and visas. based on the absorptive capacity of Palestine, our sympathy and our sympathetic attention As proof positive of the blunder made by and this to be Judged by the Jewish Agency if they are not Jews. · of Palestine, that Palestine be reconstituted Mr. Long when he undertook to state as a Jewish commonwealth. We call upon No one asked Mr. Long or anyone con­ what he thought was the attitude of the the Government of the United States to nected with the State Department to ex- State Department with reference to ref.. 1944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 663 ugees, we find a member of the Cabinet Mr. Long. ruled that the Interdepart­ Congress, entitled "Neutral Shipping in a different Department, Mr. Biddle, mental Visa Control Committee could Facilities" by Avram A. Juditch, mem­ the Attorney General, taking issue with not give a reason for rejection of an ap­ ber o_f the Yugoslav Jewish Representa­ him. Mr. Biddle emphatically and plication for a visa for a refugee. It tive Committee. I gather, therefrom, scorchingly took issue with Mr. Long. takes months for applications to be that aside from ships coming from You can see how serious was the mis­ acted upon. Five departments must re­ Argentina and to the United States and chief. It is rare that a Cabinet officer port on each sponsor and each immi­ going from the United States to the chalienges the statemeat of any Assist­ grant, whether the latter be iri Europe Argentine, and the same with Chile, I ant Secretary. It is only done when a or in this country or wherever he may be. find that there were 25 passenger ships of serious and dreadful error has been The Departments involved are the State, various tonnages available, plying across made. War, Navy, and Justice Departments, the Atlantic between the United States Mr. Long has sought to give the im­ and the· F. B. I. Each Interdepart­ and Spain, 16 Swedish ships, 11 Portu­ pression that we had received in 10 years mental Visa Committee is composed of guese ships, and 12 Turkish ships. 580,000 immigrants and that most were representatives from each of these five Those ships could have carried thou­ Jewish refugees. The 580,000 mentioned entities. It takes at least 6 months be­ sands of refugees into the Unit~d States by Long include visas authorized for fore the investigation is completed. A if they were otherwise admissible, so that quota, nonquota persons, and those in hearing is held. The sponsor for the when Mr. Long says there was no ship­ transit. Often a visa authorized is not immigrant or his lawyer appears and ping space, he does not know what he issued. One issued is frequently not even pleads. It takes months for a decision is talking about or deliberately aid not used. Mr. Long, without even so much to be reached. Then no reason is given . deal with the truth, in either of which as ''bY your leave," bunched transients, for a rejection of the application. If events it is a sad commentary on affairs visitors, and nonquota entrants and or­ national security is involved, of course, as conducted by Mr. Long as head of dinary immigrants with refugees. He no reason should be given, but if that the Visa and Refugee Division of the thus gave the impression that we gave is not the case, why should not a reason State Department. That is not all. I sanctuary to 580,000. That was utterly for the turn-down be set forth so that, if went to the trouble of examining Lloyds false. Mr. Biddle explained that within possible, the causes of refusal of en­ Register of Shipping with reference to the last 10 fiscal years the average num­ trance might upon a renewed application cargo ships. Mr. Juditch likewise pre­ ber of quota and nonquota immigrants be removed. sents interesting data on cargo ships. was only 26,647, although the annual Further, no application can be re­ The ships th~t I spoke of before, 16 quota was 153,774, and that in the year newed 'until 6 months have elapsed. If Swedish ships, the 25 Spanish ships, and ending June 30, 1943, only 23,725 persons finally, in many instances the applica­ the 11 Portuguese ships, were passenger­ entered the country, 13,000 of them being tion, after all these vicissitudes, is grant­ bearing vessels. There were several nonquota. Mr. Biddle added: ed, it is granted for a corpse. In every hundred cargo vessels that were plying During the same 10-year period the an­ court a reason is given for an adverse de­ the Atlantic during the time ir.. question, nual average number of persons emigrating cision. But before Mr. Long and his set­ owned by Argentina, Chile, Portugal, from the United States was 24,000, leaving a up everybody is kept in complete dark­ Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and Tur­ net increase of 23,287 immigrants. More­ ness. Furthermore, 50 percent of the key-a veritable bridge of ships in the over, while in 1920 the aliens constituted judgments of the Interdepartmental registry of neutral countries, and those 6.9 'percent of the population in the United Committees, the visa-control commit­ intended immigrants would have been States, at the present time they comprise tees, have been reversed by the Presiden­ only too happy to sleep even on a . board little more than 3 percent of the popula­ tion. tial Board of Appeals, clearly indicating on a cargo vessel. Many cargo vessels that in at least 50 percent of the cases carry passengers or can be made to do In contrast to Mr. Long, Mr. Biddle which were controlled by Mr. Long, he so. So that there could have been thou­ gives facts, not fancy. was wrong, and that the application sands more of refugees brought into It is one thing for the Congress to should have been granted and not turned this fair land of ours, even on cargo . pass acts with reference to immigration, down. These appeals consume more val­ ships. The Long attitude said "No." and it is another thing for those in uable time. Meanwhile Hitler's hangmen The Long gates are down. The Long charge of the administration of the do not wait. door is closed. statute so to administer it as to deny Mr. Long testified as follows, also on Remember this is the same Mr. Long the intent of Congress as embodied in page 22: who called the Italian conquest of Ethi­ the statute. Mr. Long, for example, set Mr. LoNG. In December 1941 most neutral opia, "the fruitable har.vest of Mussolini up all manner and kinds of conditions shipping disappeared from the seas. Prior enterprise." and restraints with reference to the ap­ to that there had been neutral shipping, and STATEMENT BY THE COMMISSION ON RESCUE 01' plications for entering of immigrants, some Amei·ican ships have been running; but THE AMERICAN JEWISH CONFERENCE and among them he said that no one as of that time there was pract~cally noth­ shall be permitted entrance if the per­ ing. There are today a few little Spanish • • • • • son intending to enter has relatives in and a few little Portuguese vessels which are I coming in here, and the State Department In presenting statistics on the number of Axis-controlled Europe, and he laid continues to issue visas to refugees. We are refugees admitted into the .United States, Mr. · down as a condition precedent to en­ issuing visas to the extent of about 100 a Long gave the State Department's total- . trance that the Interdepartmental Visa week. . 580,000 in a 10-year period-of visa~ issued, and Control Committee · can~ot permit Mr. MuNDT. The limitation of 100 per week quota, nonquota, and even transit. Let us entry if the intended immigrant has is now imposed by the shipping limitations dwell a bit, again, on these figures. I must · such a relative in Nazi-controlled Eu­ rather than by any li~itations of the State set the record completely straight. rope. Ipso facto, that regulation cut Department as to the number of visas avail­ To whom · were these visas issued? Mr. - off ·well-nigh 90 percent of all potential able? Long's testimony tended to create the er­ Mr. LoNG. The movement of the people has roneous impression that all580,000 were Jews. : refugees from Europe. Be advised that stopped. Of the 580,000 visas issued, only 476,930 were most refugees have some relatives in used by immigrants. Of the latter, ahout Axis-controlled Europe. That regula­ That statement does no~ square with 250,000 were refugees from Hitlerism, and not tion in and of itself cut down immigra­ the facts. Mr. Long is wrong when he all of them were Jews. Furthermore, it tion to - the bone. Mr. , Long had tlie says that visas were being issued to the should be pointed out that during the same hardihood.to say that he was still adher-· extent of_ about 100 a week, which period, 87,634 aliens were deported from this ing to the historic attitude of the United would make 400 a month. ln truth and country, thus reducing further the total States as -a haven for -the oppressed. in fact, _visas were issued at· the rate of number of immigrants accrued in the 10 Frankly,- the Statue of Liberty in New only about 200 a month. -Now as to years under consideration. York Harbor is supposed· to hold up a shipping· space, or ships, Spanish and The ofticial figures of the Immigration and . Naturalization Service reveal that in the light beside a golden door to welcome Portuguese vessels are now calliitg'regu­ period between January 1, 1933, and June 30, the tempest-tossed of all lands. If Mr. larly at ports all along the Atlantic coast 1943, the number of Jews who came in under Long· has his way, that light will have and there are many others. I went to national quotas totaled 166,843. The total - to b-e blotted out and the Statue of Lib­ the trouble of examining Lloyds Register number of Jews admitted on emergency visas . erty can no longer welcome in immi­ of Ships and I also ·have ·before me· an was 43,089, but some of these were included excellent report of the World Jewish in the 166,843, since they later reentereq grants to this country, J 664 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 24 under the national quotas. These totals in­ the United States. Ratio of Jewish immi­ lation in the same area in 1939, have lreen clude JeWish immigrants from all over the grants to Jewish population. uprooted from their original homes. The world, some of whom were not refugees from III. United States visa procedure in wartime refugees who escaped Nazi dominated and Hitler. occupied European countries have found n Application for visas (Form BC). Consid­ their way to various parts of the world to eration of applications by Government agen­ The restrictions on immigration imposed countries of immigration overseas, to the cies. Criteria for admission of aliens in interior of U. S. S. R. and to neutral coun­ by the State Department are a definite wartime. Preparation of application. Pri­ hindrance to the rescue program. In the past tries in Europe. mary committee. Advisory approval, period The following te.ble gives the distribution year, only 5.9 percent of the immigrants per­ of validity. Review of application by inter­ mitted under the quota law were admitted. of these refugees (and evacuees) in the vari­ departmental visa review committee. Board ous free countries: This is due, in part to the elaborate "screen­ of appeals. Application of aliens of enemy ing" process established by the State Depart­ nationality. Suspended cases. Quota year. TABLE IV-Jewi sh refugees, 1933-43, classified ment. We agree that every precaution must by country of immigration-( and asylum) be taken in the interests. of security to pre­ IV. Comments on visa procedure All countries ______2, 421, 000 vent the admission of enemy agents, but Filing of application often delayed on ac­ existing procedure is needlessly cumbrous. count of difficulty in obtaining information U. S S. R------1, 800, 000 In other countries refugees are admitted, in­ from applicant abroad. Latest changes in United States______190,000 investi~ BC form complicate procedure. "Hostage terned, and released after complete Palestine------­ 120,000 gation. A harsh and unjustifiable rule of the angle" handicaps approval. Occupational ex­ 65,000 Visa Division weighs very heavily against the perience interpreted as "useful to war ef­ England------­ Switzerland------16,000 admission of persons with near relatives in fort." Applicants from Spain and Portugal 212,000 Axis have to account for the manner in which ArgentinaSpain------______Europe. This serves to bar admission to 50,000 many people in need of a haven. they reached those countries. Refugees not in "acute danger" denied visas. Internees in ChileBrazil------______25,000 • • 14,000 IV camps cannot obtain visa unless they reach Bolivia______:______consulate, but cannot be freed unless they 12,000 Mr. Long has released the text of the man­ obtain visa. Uruguay ------­ 7,000 date of the Intergovernmental Committee Other Latin American now functioning in London, and declared countries______20, 000 that according to this mandate, the Com­ AMERICAN JEWISH CONFERENCE-AIDE-MEM­ China______25,000 mittee was given "plenary authority to do OIRE ON JEWISH REFUGEES, 1933-1943 South Africa______8, 000 wpatever they can within and without Ger­ I. DISPLACEMENT OF THE JEWISH POPULATION Australia______9, 000 many and the occupied territories." This IN EUROPE Canada------8, 000 statement has been widely interp1·eted to Since the advent of Hitler in 1933, and par­ Other countries______40, 000 mean that the Committee is empowered to ticularly since the outbreak of war in 1939, 1 Tables II and m are complied on the deal with all phases of the problem of rescue, the Jewish population in every European basis of data in Jewish Refugee, ch. X. including direct negotiations with Germany country has been displaced from its original 1 It is estimated that only some 2,300 Jewish for the release of Jews and other persecuted habitation by voluntary emigration, evacua­ refugees have remained in Spain, as of Jan. peoples. tion, or deportation. For purposes of our 12, 1944 (JTA News Jan. 13, 1944). But Mr. Long's interpretation has now been present analysis, all those who have escaped termed "absolutely incorrect" by the head­ the Nazi dominated and occupied countries, The number of Jewish refugees in the quarters of the Intergovernmental Com­ are classified as refugees (including evac­ U. S. S. R. comprises 1,200,000 Soviet citizens mittee in London, according to cable dis­ uees); all others are deportees. The latter of White Russia, the Ukraine, and parts of patches. Patrick Malin, American vice di­ category embraces those who have been de­ other previously occupied territories, and rector of the Intergovernment Committee, ported from one country to anotheJ:: (in Nazi 600,000 from eastern Poland and the Baltic denied that the Committee mandate can be Europe) or from one place to another with­ States which were occupied by the Red Army interpreted to mean, as Mr. Long said, that in the limits of the same country. It should in 1939. Those refugees were evacuated by the Intergovernmental Committee has been further be noted that the classification of the Soviet authorities into the interiors of given "the authority to do whatever it can "refugees" does not include the Jewish im­ Asiatic Russia. within and without Germany and the oc­ migrants from eastern Europe or other coun­ The number of refugees admitted to the cupied territories." Mr. Malin pointed out tries prior to the Nazi occupation of these United States (190,000) is calculated on the that the mandate was extended specifically countries. basts of the total Jewish immigration to this with respect to persons and not countries. The following table gives the country of country less that which came from Canada, In view of these contradictory interpre­ origin of refugees and deportees: Poland, Rumania, Lithuania, and Hungary tations, we urge immediate clarification of prior to the war. (The figure 190,000 includes the situation. Confusion and confiict of TABLE I.-Jewish refUgees and deportees, some 25,000 nontmmigrants who came in on opinion at this late date are inexcusable. 1933-43, classified by category and country temporary visas, as visitors, etc.) The failure to rescue Jews from the Balkan of origin 1 The number of refugees who entered Pal­ countries was not attributable entirely to the estine ( 120,000) is only part of the total opposition of the Nazis, as Mr. Long's testi­ Deportees Jewish immigration into that country during mony has indicated. It is known that red the same period, which was about 300,000. tape and delay on the part of the British Refugees Sweden should be added as a country of authorities were responsible for the fact that (includ· From Withln Country ing evac- one the limits Total refuge, as it is giving asylum now to some full advantage was not taken of all the op­ uees) country of the 12,000 Jewish refugees from Denmark and portunities presented. to an· same other parts of Europe. other country Mr. Speaker,' at this point I desire to In Portugal many Jewish refugees are i.a transit, leaving there some 500 to 600 at a offer the Aide-Memoire of the American All countries •• 2, 391,000 665,000 2, 205,000 5, 261,000 time. Jewish Conference, which I adverted to Hungary has recently admitted several heretofore, and for which I have received Poland ______525,000 ------2,000,000 2,525,000 Union of Soviet thousand JeWish refugees who escaped from unanimous consent to include in the Socialist Re· Poland through the "underground." publics ______1, 200,000 REcORD as my own remarks: ------1, 200,000 Germany______2S5, 000 160, 000 445, 000 TABLE lli.-Jewish deportees (including refu­ AMERICAN JEWISH CONFERENCE-RESEARCH Austria______100,000 20, 000 120, 000 gees trapped in occupied territories), ac­ Rumania______100,000 DEPARTMENT-AmE-MEMOIRE ON JEWISH 1 cording to country of deportation (includ­ REFUGEES, 1933-43 France______30, 000 ~& 888 --ioo;ooo· ~gg; ~ Protectorate____ 25,000 30,000 40,000. 95, 000 ing deportees within the limits of their own CONTENTS Slovakia______10,000 60, 000 20, 000 90, 000 country) I. Displacement of Jewish population tn Lithuania______10, 000 30, 000 40, 000 Latvia______15, 000 15, 000 30, 000 All countries------2, 840, 000 Europe Belgium______25,000 50,000 75,000 What happened to the 8,250,000 Jews who Holland ___ ----- 25, 000 80,000 105,000 Poland------2,600,000 Yugoslavia_____ 8, 000 2-5,000 33,000 1 in September 1939 lived in the countries now Greece______3, 000 Occupied Soviet territory_____ 50,000 10,000 13, 000 55,000 dominated by the Axis? Refugees, evacuees, Bulgaria ______------10,000 _10,000 France______and deportees. Countries of immigration Other Europe· Belgiuin------30,000 which admitted refugees and evacuees. an countries___ 30, 000 5, 000 35,000 Holland------35,000 Countries to which Jews have been deport­ Other European countries____ 70, 000 ed by the Nazis. 1 From Jewish Refugee, by Kurt R. Grossman and 1 Arich Tartakower (in manuscript) to be published by This figure is indeterminate, as it tpaY 11. JewiSh immigration into the United States the Institute of Jewish Afi'airs, American and World vary in tens of thousands. General immigration, quota and non­ Jewish Congress, ch. X, table I. With the exception of Poland and the OC• quota. Jewish immigration, number of It appears from thfs table that ~.261,000 cupied parts of the U. S. S. R., to which de• refugees. Unfilled quotas. Emigration from Jews, out of a total of ~.250,000 Jewish popu- portees from all countries were taken, th~ 1944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 665 countries mentioned in this table harbored gees in Switzerland constitute 8.6 percent of try), wiEh to appear for a hearing before the refugees from central, eastern, and western the local Jewish population; in Argentina, Interdepartmental Visa Review Committee, Europe who were trapped by the Nazi occu­ 23.2 percent; Australia, 37.5 percent; South they must file an application for such a hear­ pation. Africa, 8.8 percent; Canada, 5.2 percent. ing (Form IVRC-1) together with the BC n. JEWISH IMM'IGRAT!ON INTO THE UNITED The following table presents an analysis forzr. Witnesses (may be citizens or aliens) STATES, 1933-43 1 of the annual quota for each country of emi­ who know the applicant's life history may gration, the number of quota immigrants ad­ also appear for a hearing, upon filing a notice 1. General immigration mitted to the United States, and the num­ of appearance at the same time as the spon­ The total number of allen immigrants en­ ber of registered applicants for visas. sors. tering this country from June 30, 1933, to June 30, 1943 (10 years) was 476,930. Of TABLE IV.l_General and Jewish quota immi­ (b) Administrative procedure in the Visa these, 292,882 were quota immigrants. The gration into the United States, June 30, Division total quota for the same period was 1,537 ,740. 1933-June 30, 1943 1. Consideration of Applications by Four This means that less than one-fifth of the SELECTED COUNTRIES NOW UNDER. AXIS DOMINA­ Bodies Possible quota was actually admitted to this country. TION Under the authority vested in the Secretary (Quota immigrants are classified according .to of State by the President's proclamation of country of birth.) It should be pointed out, Regis- November 14, 1941, restricting entry into and that of the total annual quota allotted to all Total TotaJ tere~ departure from the United States of all per­ counrles, 55 percent is allocated to Great Country of birth 10-year general, Jewish, appii- sons, the Visa Division has set up a series quota 9 Britain, Northern Ireland, and the Irish Free 1933- 43 1933-43 t octr:~_ f, of steps by which applications of aliens are State, and about 16 percent to Germany and 1939 8 given careful consideration and review, to in­ Austria. Poland receives 4 percent; Italy, ------1------sure the interests of the United States during 3.7 percent; France and Sweden, 2.1 percent this national emergency. each; the other countries, 1 p.ercent or less All countries ••••. 1, 537, 740 :292,882 165, 75(j 513,528 ------Applications may be considered by four each. Total, 20 instances: First by a primary committee, 2. Jewish immigration countries. 571,070 229,.503 149, 231 1 447, 275 next by an interdepartmental visa review The total number of Jewish immigrants Belgium ______13, 040 3, 488 1, 471 2, 701. committee, then by the board of appeals, and entering the United States during the same Bulgaria ______1, 000 616 1, 418 last by the Secretary of State, who has final 10-year period was 165,756. To this may be Czechoslovakia •• 28,740 13,549 7, 052 36,868 authority. Danzig __ ------·- 1,000 503 497 added 43,089 nonimmigrants who were ad­ Denmark______2. Criteria for Admission of Aliens in mitted on temporary visas. (Some of these Estonia______11,810 1, 989 55 3,327 France ______1,160 481 1,828 Wartime nonimmigrants changed their status as im­ 30,860 7,402 2, 095 4, 731 :.?59, 570 Among the classes of aliens deemed preju­ migrants after reentering the country on per­ AustriaGermany------______121, 454} 97, 321 240,748 manent visas.) Out of thi,s total of 208,845, Greece ______14, 130 1, 848 dicial to public interest, there is one group about 190,000 were refugees. (See previous 3, 070 3, 051 117 3, 267 of aliens having close relatives in enemy Hungary------8, 6!l0 6, 374 4,117 24, 842 countries. It is considered that since the section, table II and explanation.) Italy------58,020 21,149 953 4,~7 Latvia______2,300 1,170 7. 7 relatives are kept as hostages by the eriemy, 3. Unfilled quotas Lithuania______3,860 2, 217 1, 696 the alien immigrant might be forced to en­ Luxemburg ______5,6'J6 1,000 ~100 gage in activities in the United States of Unfilled t!uotas for all countries in the Netherlands.··-- 31, 530 4,Ml --i;4sii- ----T44ii past 10 years totaled 1,244,858. Unfilled Norway •.••••••• 23,770 2, 979 31 13,716 America which might be detrimental to our country. However, the regulations make it quotas during the same period for 20 coun­ RumaniaPoland .•• ______------65,240 29,151 Z7, 741 78,409 tries now Axis dominated or occupied, totaled 3, 770 3, 310 2, 719 16,072 clear that this factor is to be considered Yugoslavia ______8, 450 3, 931 453 6, 961 along with other evidence and should not be 341 ,567. Other countries, From June 1933 to June 1939, when emi­ Jewish immi- cause for denial to enter. gration from Germany and Austria-was still gration, 1,921. Emphasis is now placed on the probability possible on a large scale, the United States of the alien being of benefit to our country, admitted from those countries only 78,009 1 Source: Releases of the Immigration and Naturali­ especially in defense work. quota immigrants (of which 55,550 were zation Service, U. S. Department of Justice. (Infor­ Close relatives-parents, husband, wife, mation supplied by the K ational Refugee Service.) children-in this country are also considered Jews), i. e., less than half of the admissible 2 Includes quota and nonquota alien immigrants (by quota. The admissible quota for the same country of birth). as factors favorable for admission of aliens, period for Germany and Austria was 27,370 3 Registered applicants for visas at the United States since the reunion of families is regarded as per year, or a total of 164,220 for the 6-year consulates abroad. Information supplied by llicem, beneficial to the morale of the American citi­ period. according to United States Consular Service reports. zens, or residents, involved. In 1943, the total quota immigration into III. UNITED STATES VISA PROCEDURE IN WAR 3. Preparation of Application for Primary the United States was 9,045, or 5.9 percent of TIME 3 Committee an admissible quota of 153,774. Even count­ (a) Application tor visas ing all immigrants-quota and nonquota­ Form BC must be filed in six copies with the admitted to this country in 1943, the total Alien applicants desiring visas to the Visa Division of the State Department. After was only 23,725, which was the lowest num­ United States-whether for permanent im­ ascertaining the sponsor's financial ade­ ber since 1862. migration, ·preference quota, temporary, or quacy, a copy of the form is sent to the inves­ transit-must have BC forms filed in their tigating agencies: The Immigration and Natu­ 4. Emigmtion from the United States behalf with the Visa Division of the United ralization Service, F. B. I., Military Intelli• During the same period (1933-34) 243,965 States Department in Washington, D. C. gence, Naval Intelligence, and the State De­ legal alien residents of the United States left Form BC, issued by the Visa Division (sec­ partment. It usually takes from 3 to 6 weeks the country. Of these, 2,161 were Jews. ond revision, July 1, 1943), is 50 inches in for the reports to come from these agencies. Thus, the total net immigration (quota and length (four legal-size sheets printed on both An examiner then prepares the material for nonquota) to this country for the past 10 sides) and contains all questions pertinent the Interdepartmental Visa Committee, years was 232,965, while the net Jewish immi­ to information required by the State Depart­ known also as the Primary Committee. gration (immigrants and nonimmigrants) ment regarding the alien applicant. 4. Action by the_ Primary Committee was 206,684. (There are some categories of aliens for whom no BC form may be required, such as The Primary Committee consists of one rep. 5. Ratio of Jewish immigrants to Jewish resentative from each of the departmentS' population 2 native-born citizens of independent coun­ tries of the Western Hemisphere, British mentioned in the preceding paragraph. If The Jewish immigrants who entered the native-born subjects, citizens of Canada or the case is approved-i. e., advisory approval is United States in the past decade (208,845) Newfoundland, persons entitled to nonquota granted-it is forwarded to the consul abroad constituted only 4.1 percent of the Jewish status except enemy aliens, etc.) for action. If the consul-who has final deci­ population in this country (estimated at Part B of Form BC is to be filled out by sion in granting a visa-is satisfied as to the 5,000,000) and about 2.5 percent of the total the alien applicant or by an American spon­ applicant's eligibility, he requests a quota Jewish population (8,2o0,000) that lived in sor who is most familiar with his personal number from the State Department in ·1939 in the European countries of emigration, history and background. Each applicant Washington. The latter cables a qu::>ta now dominated by the Axis. Compared with over 18 years of age must fill out a separate number, or sends it air mail, if one is available. other countries of immigration and refuge, form (B). Part C is to be filled out by the If the consul disapproves, the case is referred this is the lowest ratio. England, for ex­ financial sponsor. Each alien must have two back by him to the St ate Department for ample, having admitted 65,000 Jewish refu­ sponsors. If the sponsors, or the alien ap­ further consideration. gees, increased its Jewish population by 21.7 plicant (if he happens to be in this coun- 5. Period of Validity of Advisory Approval percent. Similarly, the 16,000 Jewish refu- An advisory approval is valid for 6 month3. a According to Interpreter Releases, pub­ If the applicant did not obtain his visa by 1 Sources: Jewish refugee: National Refu­ lished by Common Council for American that time, for whatever reason, the sponsor gee Service; interpreter releases, published by Unity, volume XX, No. 40, October 29, 1943. has to apply for an extension, indicating his Common Council tor American Unity. A Summary of Visa Procedure in Wartime, by continued intel'est in the applicant aud ability 2 Source: Jewish Refugee, ch. X, table IV. Cecllia Razovsky Davidson. to support him. • 666 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 24 6. Interdepartmental Visa Review Committee 2. Changes !n Form BC (made July 1, 1943)e Latin-American countries. It is, of course, This committee, consisting of representa­ When the BC form was revised by the State true that such people may not be in danger tives of the same departments as those of the Department on July 1, 1943, the following of extermination. Many of them, however, Primary Committee, reviews the cases of important changes were made, which com­ have relatives in the United States whom applicants rejected by the Primary Committee. plicate the procedure: they naturally wish to join, or generally are It conducts hearings, at .which the sponsors (a) The question (No. 15, part B) as to anxious to begin life anew in America as or;and other witnesses may appear. The the applicant's "places of previous residence contrasted with the rather hopeless existence dE"cision is made on the basis of the informa­ (city and country)" requires "giving approxi­ that most of them lead in places like Jamaica, tion in the record and the testimony of the mate dates since age of 14 years." In the Tangier, etc. In most instances these people witness. If this committee disapproves the former BC form only a 10-year period was have no possibility of earning a living in case, it goes aut omatically to the Board requested. these places, since many of them are detained of Appeals. (No appeal to the Board is (b) The sponsor must now indicate his in camps. Furthermore, if these refugees necessary.) occupation and his residence for the past 10 could leave for the United States, they would make room in these places for others to come 7. President's Board of Appeals years instead of 5 years. The sponsor is required to give more specific informatio~ in, yet their applications for visas are in most The Board of Appeals consists of two mem­ in regard to his American citizenship and cases refused. bers appointed by the President, who are not must answer questions (Nos. 25 to 28, part supposed to represent any branch or agency 7. Internees cannot reach consulates B) about his own political thinking and The second consideration is that the De­ of the Government. Their decision is based attachment to the United States Consti­ on the evidence of the record and witness partment of State refuses to consider visa ap­ tution. plications for refugees who are interned in submitted by the previous two committees. 3. Hostage angle The board may ask these committees for addi­ camps in Mauritius, Cyprus, etc., which are tional investigation and data. The approval Section 7 of this application deals with under British rule. The attitude of the Visa "close relatives in countries other than the Division is th~t it cannot act on these appli­ of the Board may be reversed by the Secretary United States." This section has proved to of State, who has final authority. If the cations so long as these people are not re­ application is denied by the Board of Appeals, be a serious handicap in the consideration leased unconditionally from their internment ,of many cases because the Visa Division still so that they may appear at the consulates in it may be renewed by the same or different takes into consideration the so-called hostage sponsors after 6 months. The entire original person. On the other h_and, the British clause. This means that the applications of Government will not release these people procedure has to be started over again, as if people who have relatives in any one of the it were a new case. unless they show valid visas for another Nazi-occupied countries are usually refused. country. The result is a vicious circle. It 8. Applications of Aliens of Enemy Nationality Quite frequently thi3 is the only cause for should be noted that the Jewish refugees in All applications for aliens of enemy nation­ refusal. Mauritius were deported there in 1940, after ality, whether natives, citizens, subjects, or 4. Occupational experience they had tried to enter Palestine without cer­ denizens of enemy countries, must be consid­ Question No.9 (part B) dealing with "occu­ tificates. Many of them have families in the ered by the Primary Committee, the Int erde­ pational experience" is frequently interpreted United States who are anxious to bring them partmental Visa Review Committee, and even by the Visa Division as requiring such occu­ to this country. To date their applications if approved by these two bodies, they must pational experience as may be regarded "use­ have not been acted upon for the reasons also be considered by the Board of Appeals. ful to the war effort of the United States." indicated. 4 (Enemy countries are Germany, Italy, Japan, Such an interpretation is, of course, not pro­ PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE Bulgaria, Hungary, and Rumania..) fessed publicly, but numerous inquiries along 9. Suspended Cases these lines lead to the conclusion that this Mr. DICKSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask is a criterion frequently employed in deter­ unanimous consent that on Wednesday Visa applications of aliens now residing in mining the fitness of an applicant for admis­ next after disposition of business on the enemy territory-where there is no American sion into the country. It serves to disqualify Speaker's table I may address the House consular service-are held in suspense in the . many applicants who are either professionals State Department or at American consulates or have been merchants in Europe. for 20 minutes. abroad. After the territories are freed the The SPEAKER. Is there objection? applications will have to be renewed. I!, 5. Refugees in Spain and Portugal There was no objection. however, the applicant can reach an Ameri­ There was a time when applications sub­ can consul before the 6 months of validity mitted on behalf of people in Spain and LEAVE OF ABSENCE expire, he may obtain his visa. Portugal were given preferred consideration. By unanimous consent, leave of ab­ 10. Annual Quota This policy has changed completely in the sence was granted as follows: past 3 months. Relatives who now appear The annual quota for a given country ex­ at hearings before the Interdepartmental To Mr. RAMSPECK, for the remainder tends only for 1 fiscal year and may not be Visa Review Committee are now questioned of the week, on account of important carried over to a succeeding year. If an in detail as to "how the applicants got to business. applicant who has received a visa, having Spain," although members of the committee To Mrs. NoRTON, for an indefinite been assigned a quota number, is unable to know what is common knowledge to every­ period, on account of illness. sail within the fiscal year of his quota num­ body-that these people succeeded in getting ber, he forfeits his visa and has to apply to into Spain from France by escaping over the BILL PRESENTED TO THE PRESIDENT the consul for a new one. It should be noted Pyrenees. In this connection another ques­ Mr. KLEIN, from the Committee on that the quota number is assigned to the tion put by the committee is with regard to applicant upon the issuance of the visa. Enrolled Bills, reported that that com­ the applicant's stay in Spain. Again it is mittee did on January 22, 1944, present IV. COMMENTS ON VISA PROCEDtTRE 5 common knowledge that people who escape · into Spain are arrested and interned at Camp to the President, for his approval, a bill 1. Filing of application Miranda or put into prisons. Many of them of the House of the following title: Since the BC form must be filed with the are released afterward as the result of per­ H. R. 3741. An act to authorize the Secre­ Visa Division in Washington (and not with sistent efforts on the part of friendly gov­ tary of the Navy to proceed with the con­ the consulate abroad), much precious time ernments and private relief organizations. struction of certain public works, and for .may be lost in obtaining the necessary infor­ Nevertheless, the committee insists on ask­ other purposes. mation from an alien applicant who is ing the sponsors details concerning the re­ abroad. Very often the American sponsor lease of the applicrmt. Inevitably most of ADJOURNMENT who files the application is not familiar with these questions must go unanswered, since Mr. ROGERS of California. Mr. the numerous details of the alien's life his­ the people who appear at the hearings usually Speaker, I move that the House do now tory required to be filled out in form BC. know nothing or very little about the efforts In some cases due to communication diffi­ in Spain. The failure, however, to answer adjourn. culties, such information may never be these questions produces an unfavorable 'im­ The motion was agreed to; accordingly obtained. pression on the committee, resulting very

• 1944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-liOUSE 667, on Tuesday, January 25, and Wednesday, lov::ed by Maj. Gen. Tt.omas M. Robins, As­ · Pennsylvania, and New Jersey, and the South January 26, 1944. sistant Chief of Engineers, and by Col. George Atlantic region, including rivers flowing into H. Goethals, Chief, River and Harbor Flood the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico east o! COMMITTEE ON IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZA­ Control Branch, Office of the Chief of En­ the Misslssippi River. TION gip.eers, who will attend the hearings and 9. Tuesday, February 15: General Reybold, The Committee on Immigration and will furnish the members of the committee G~neral Robins, Colonel Goethals, other Naturalization will hold hearings at 10:30 in detail any and all information respecting representatives of tlie Office of Chief of Engi­ any and all projects on which favorable re­ neers, Gen. M. C. Tyler, president of the Mis-· a.m. on Tuesday, January 25, and Wed­ ports have been submitted by the Chief of sissippi River Commission and division engi­ nesday, January 26, 1944, on H. R. 2701, Engineers since June 1943. The district neer, and proponents and opponents of proj­ ii. R. 3012, H. R. 3446, and H. R. 3489. . engineers and the division engineers have ects along the lower Mississippi River and COMMITTEE ON INTERSTATE AND FOREIGN furnished to the Chief of Engineers data and tributaries including the Red, Arkansas, in­ COMMERCE information covering floods since June 1943 cluding Arkansas River, Conway County, Ark., which will be submitted to the committee. and Purgatoire (Picket Wire) River, Colo.,· There will be a meeting of the News­ It is probable that Brig. Gen. M. C. Tyler, the White, St. Francis, and Yazoo Rivers. print Subcommittee of the Committee on president of the Mississippi River Commis­ · 10. Wednesday, Februal'Y 16: General Rey­ Interstate and Foreign Commerce, at sion, and the division engineer of the lower bold, General Robins, Colonel Goethals, 1{1:30 a. m., Tuesday, January 25, 1944. Mississippi Valley division, and. Col. Miles other representatives of the Office of Chief of Business to be considered: Operi hear­ Reber, former division engineer, Missouri Engineers, Col. Miles Reber, former division ings on newsprint problems. River division, Omaha, Nebr., will appear engineer, Missouri River division, O;maha, before the committee with respect to proj­ Nebr., and proponents and opponents of proj­ CoMMITTEE ON THE MERCHANT MARINE AND ects along the lower Mississippi River and its ects along the Missouri River and tributaries. FISHERIES tributaries and- the Missouri River and its 11. Thursday, February 17: Continuation The Committee on the Merchant Ma­ tributaries before the hearings are concluded. of the projects dlscussed on February 16. 2. Wednesday, February 2: General Rey­ 12. Friday, February 18: General Reybold, rine and Fisheries will hold a public Gene!'al Robins, Colonel Goethals, other rep­ hearing on Tuesday, January 25, 1944, bold, General Robins, Colonel Goethals, other representatives of the Office of Chief of Engi­ resentatives of the Office of Chief of Engi­ at 10 a. m., the purpose of which will be neers, and proponents and opponents of neers, and proponents and opponents of proj­ to consider the civil-aeronautics law as projects in the Pacific Northwest region, in­ ects in other regions in the United States. related to the American merchant ma­ cluding the Willamette River and the Colum­ 13. Tuesday, February 22: Representatives i·ine, the development of foreign com­ bia River and tributaries; proponents and of the Department of Agriculture, the Weather merce, and the protection of the national opponents of projects along the Milk River, Bureau, Bureau of Reclamation, and other security of the United States. ' Mont., the Knife River and tributaries, N. governmental agencies. Dak., the Boyer River and tributaries, Iowa, 14. WedneSday, February 23: Senators and The Committee on the Merchant Ma­ Red Lake River and tributaries, Minn.; pro­ Representatives in Congress. rine and Flsheries will hold a public ponents ,and opponents of projects along the hearing on Thursday, February 3, 1944, Rio Grande and tributaries, Colo.; pro­ EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. at 10 a.m., on H. R. 2809, to amend sec­ ponents and opponents of projects along Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, executive tion 511 of the Merchant Marine Act, other rivers- in the western Rocky Mountain region, including the States of Colorado and communications were taken' from the 1936, as amended. Speaker's table and referred as follows·: The Committee on the Merchant Ma­ Montana. 3. Thursday, February 3: General Reybold, 1099. A letter from the War Food Admin­ rine and Fisheries will hold a public General Robins, Colonel Goethals, other rep­ istrator, transmitting the report of the Fed­ hearing on Thursday, February 10, 1944, resentatives of the Office of Chief of Engi­ ·eral Surplus Commodities Corporation for at 10 a. m., on H. R. 2652, to amend sec­ neers, and the Director of the Soil Conserva­ the fiscal year ended June 30, 1943; to the tion 222 (e) of subtitle "Insurance of tion Service, Department of Agriculture and Committee on Agriculture. · Title II of the Merchant Marine Act, proponents and opponents of projects on 1100. A letter from the Administrator of 1936," as amended. rivers flowing into the Gulf of Mexico west of Veterans' Affairs, transmitting a draft of a the Mississippi River, including the Trinity proposed bill to relieve certain employees of COMMITTEE ON THE PUBLIC LANDS River in the State of Texas. the Veterans' Administration from financial The hearings on H. R. 2596, to wotect 4. Friday, February 4: General Reybold, liability for certain overpayments and allow Naval Petroleum Reserve No: 1, will be General Robins, Colonel Goethals, other rep­ such credit therefor as is necessary in the continued on Thursday, January 27, 1944, resentatives of the Office of Chief of Engi­ accounts of Guy F. Allen, Chief Disbursing neers, and proponents and opponents of Officer; to the Committee on Claims. at 10:30 a. m. projects along the upper Mississippi River 1101. A letter from the Archivist of the COMMITTEE ON FLOOD CONTROL and tributaries, including the IllinOis River United States, transmitting report on records SCHEDULE OF HEARINGS ON FLOOD CONTROL BILL and tributaries, the Great Lakes region; and proposed for disposal by various Government OF 1944 BEGINNING TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 1, proponents and opponents of projects along agencies; to the Committee on the Disposi­ 1944, AT 10 A. M. Bear Creek, Colo.; Missouri River and tribu­ tion of Executive Papers. taries at the Kansas Citys, Mo. and Kans.: The Flood ·control Committee will conduct Nishnabotna River, Iowa and Mo. REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUBLIC hearings on flood-control reports submitted 5. Tuesday, February 8: General Reybold, by the Chief of Engineers since the hearings General Robins, Colonel Goethals, other rep­ BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS conducted in June 1943 and on amendments resentatives of the Office of Chief of Engi­ Under clause 2 of rule. XIII, reports of to existing law. The committee is definitely neers, and proponents and opponents of committed to the view that flood-control committees were delivered to the Clerk projects in the Los Angeles area along .the for printing and reference to the proper projects for post-war construction will be S9.cramento River and tributaries and along among the most satisfactory public . works, the San Joaquin River and tributaries. calendar, as follows: and the committee plans an adequate backlog 6. Wednesday, February 9: General Rey­ ' By Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee: Committee of sound flood-control projects available pold, General Robins, Colonel Goethals, other on the Post Office and Post Roads. H. R. following the war. representatives .of the Office of Chief of Engi­ 4033. A bill relating to the use of the penalty 1. Tuesday, February 1: Maj. Gen. Eugene neers, and the Director of the Bureau of mail privilege; without amendment (Rept. Reybold, Chief of Engineers, will open the Reclamation, and proponents and opponents No. 1011). Referred to the Committee of hearings with any statements and recom­ on projects along the Kern River and tribu­ the Whole House on the state of the Union. mendations he desires to submit covering tnries in the Kern River area and along the Mr. PETERSON of Florida: Committee on national flood control and the projects that Kings River and tributaries in the Kings the Public Lands. H. R. 7956. A bill for the t~hould be included in the bill to be reported River area, and including other streams in protection of the water supply of the city especially as they are related to national de~ the San Joaquin Valley. of Sitka, Alaslm; with amendment (Rept. tense and as they will be important follow­ 7. Thursday, February 10: Continuation of 1012). Referred to the Committee of the ing the war to provide sound flood-control the projects discussed on February 9. Whole House on the state of the Union. projects and desirable public works, and he 8. Friday, February 11: General Reybold, will supplement l;l.is statements submitted General Robins, Colonel Goethals, other PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS to the comm1ttee in June 1943 with any rec­ represetl.tatives of the Office of Chief of Engi­ Under Clause 3 0f rule XXII, public ommendations he cares to submit following neers, and proponents and opponents of proj­ the said hearings and following the passage ects in the upper and lower Ohio River and bills and resolutions were introduced and of the Emergency Flood Control Act author­ tributaries, including Salt -River at Taylors­ severally referred as follows: izing an appropriation of $10,000,000 for the ville, Ky., the Potomac River and tributaries, By Mr. ANDERSON of California: repair, restoration, ~nd strengthening of the New England region, including the Con­ H. R. 4039. A bill authorizing the Secre­ levaes and other flood-control works passed necticut and Merrimac Rivers, and the Mid­ tary of War to conduct a preliminary exam­ July 12, 1943. General Reybold will be fol- dle Atlantic region, including New York, ination and sul'Vey of Plllar Point at Hal! CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE .JANUARY 24

Moon Bay, San Mateo County, Calif., and for H. Res. 407. Resolution to provide !or ex­ January 8, 1944, at Boston, Mass.; to the Com­ other purposes; to the Committee on Rivers penses of investigation authorized by House mittee on World War Veterans' Legislation. and Harbors. · Resolution 406; to the Committee on Ac­ 4450. By Mr. HAGEN: Petition of Bert By Mr. CARLSON of Kansas: counts. Berg, Mary L. Burgland, and 24 other petl· H. R. 4040. A bill to provide for the sim­ By Mr. COLMER: . tioners, all from Thief -River Falls, Minn., plification of the individual income tax; to H. Res. 408. Resolution to create a special urging passage of the Townsend bill, H. R. the Committee on Ways 'ftnd Means: committee on post-war economic po:::::y and 1649, as a contribution to America's post-· By Mr. BUFFETT: planning; to the Committee on Rules. war future; to the Committee on Ways and H. R. 4041. A bill to amend the ac:~t relating By Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma: Means. to the construction and maintenance of a H. Res. 409. Resolution creating a select 4451. Also, petition of Mr. and Mrs. An­ bridge across the Missouri River at or near committee on post-war planning; to the drew Hanson and Mr. and Mrs. Elias Angell, Nebraska City, Nebr.; to the Committee on Committee on Rules. and 22 petitioners, all from Thief River Interstate and Foreign Commerce. By Mr. RANKIN: Falls, Minn., urging the passage of House bill By Mr. FLANNAGAN: H. Res. 410. Resolution to amend clause 1701, a bill to protect and enhance the social­ H. R. 4042. A bill to amend the act of 40, rule XI, of the rules of the House of security benefits to all persons inducted into September 16, 1942, which provided a method Representatives of the Seventy-eighth Con­ the military service, and to provide a cushion of voting in time of war by members of the gress; to the Committee on Rules. for post-war conditions; to the Committee Ia.nd and naval forces absent from the place on Ways and Means. of their residence, and for other purposes; PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS 4452. By Mr. LUDLOW: Petition of sundry to the Committee on Election of President, citizens of the city of Indianapolis, Ind., Vice President, and Representatives in Con­ Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private favoring Senate bill 860; to the Committee gress. bills and resolutions were introduced and on the Judiciary. By Mr. GATHINGS: severally referred as follow's: 4453. By Mr. McGREGOR: Petition of the H. R. 4043. A bill to provide for the sale membership of the Baptist Church in Pike of surplus war materials in small units after By Mr. LEONARD W. HALL: Township, Tunnel Hill, Ohio, urging enact­ the present war, to grant veterans preferen­ H. R. 4046. A bill for the relief of Leo Gott­ ment of House bill 2082, to prohibit the lieb; to the Committee on Claims. manufacture, sale, or transPortation of al­ tial rights . to purchase such materials, and By Mr. LUDLOW: for other purposes; to the Committee on Ex­ coholic liquors in the United States for the H. R. 4047. A bill for the relief of Marie duration of the war and until the termina­ penditures in the Executive Departments. Vickers and Irene Outten; to the Committee By Mr. HAGEN: tion of demobilization; to the Committee on on War Claims. the Judiciary. H. R. 4044. A bill conferring jurisdiction By Mr. PETERSON of Florida: upon the Court of Claims to hear, determine, 4454. Also, petition of the membership of H. R. 4048. A bill for the relief of Daniel and render judgment upon claims of Indians the Creek Church, Pike Township, Frazeys­ S. Bagley, Jr.; to the Committee on Claims. burg, Ohio, urging enactment of House bill whose nations, tribes, or bands•formerly were By Mr. REES of Kansas: members of what was sometimes known as 2082 to prohibit the manufacture, sale, or H. R. 4049. A bill for the relief qf Alfred tram:portation of alcoholic liquors in the the Northern Indian Confederacy, and for F. Ross; to the Committee on Claims. other purposes; to the Committee on Indian United States for the duration of the war By Mr. PETERSON of Florida: . and until the termination of demobilization; Affairs. H. R. 4050. A bill for the relief of Leo Ed­ By Mf. LUDLOW: to the Committee on the Judiciary. ward Day and Phillip Tamborello; to the 4455. By Mr. MOTT: Petition signed by H. R. 4045. A bill to authorize the issu­ Committee on Claims. · ance of drill sergeant's medals; to the Com­ Albert Schiermeister, of Lillamina, On·g., mittee on Military Affa.irs. and 52 other citizens of the State of Oregon, By Mr. BEALL: . PETITIONS, ETC. urging enactment of House bill 2082 and H. R. 4051. A bill to provide Federal Gov· Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions Senate bill 860; to the Committee on the ernment aid for the readjustment in civilian and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk Judiciary. ' life of returning World War No. 2 veterans; and referred as follows: 4456. By Mr. ROLPH: Resolution 3725, of to the Committee on World War Veterans' the city and county of San Francisco, series Legislation. 4444. By Mr ANGELL: Petition of certain 1939, relative to payment of taxes on Gov­ By Mr. HAYS: citizens of Portland, Oreg., asking for legisla­ ernment property in city and county of San H. R. 4052. A bill to provide Federal Gov­ tion to formulate a plan to save the surviving Francisco; to the Committee on the Public ernment aid for the readjustment in civilian Jewish people of Europe; to the Committee Lands._ life of returning World War No. 2 veterans; on Immigration and Naturalization. 4457. Also, petition of the Pile Drivers, to the Committee on World War Veterans' 4445. By Mr. DIMOND: Petition of sundry Bridge, Wharf and Dock Builders, Local Union Legislation. citizens of Alaska, urging the passage of 34, of California, at San Francisco, to assure By Mr. LANE: House bill 2082; to the Committee on the a vote in 1944 to all members in the armed H. R. 4053. A bill to provide Federal Gov­ Judiciary. forces; to the Committee on Elections. ernment aid for the readjustment in civilian 4446. By Mr. FORAND: Resolution of the 4458. Also, resolution of-the San Francisco life of returning World War No. 2 vet erans; city council of the city of Providence, R. I., Typographical Union, No. 21, opposing the to the Committee on World War Veterans' requesting the Members of Congress repre­ inclusion in the new tax bill of provision Legislation. senting the State of Rhode Island to sponsor requiring labor unions to file financial state­ By Mr. LARCADE: and promote the necessary legislation to the ment s with the Treasury; to the Committee H. R. 4054. A bill to extend the times for end that a v'eterans' hospital be erected with­ on Ways and Means. commencing and completing the construc­ in the State of Rhode Island; to the Commit­ 4459. Also, - resolution of the city and tion of a bridge aeross the Calcasieu River at tee on World War Veterans' Legislation. county of San Francisco Board of Supervisors, or near Lake Charles, La.; to the Committee 4447. Also, resolution of the General As­ adopted January 10, 1944, commending the on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. sembly of the State of Rhode Island, urging Senate Committee on Education and Labor By Mr. ROGERS of California: the Senators and Representatives from Rhode for making inquiries into the problems of H. R. 4055. A bill to provide Federal Gov­ Island in the Congress of the United ~tates the white-collar workers; to the Committee ernment aid for the readjustment in civilian to bring their influence to bear that action on Educ.ation. life of returning World War No. 2 veterans; may be talren by the Federal Housing author­ 4460. Also, resolution of the United Office to the Committee on World War Veterans' ities to grant some form of priority to the and Professional Workers of America, at San Legislation. immediate families of men and women in Francisco, Calif., urging speedy enactment By Mr. STEARNES of New Hampshire: the service of the armed forces endeavoring of the bill which provides for the setting up H. R. 4056. A bill to provide Federal Gov­ to find residence in Rhode Island in the of a bipartisan Federal commission to ar­ ernment aid for the readjustment in civilian quarters of the housing projects developed by range and carry through voting by men and life of returning· World War No. 2 veterans; the Federal Housing authorities in Rhode women in the service; to the Committee on to the Committee on World War Veterans' Island; to the Committee on Appropriations. Election of President, Vice President, and Legislation. 4448. Also, resqlution of the General As­ Representatives in Congress. By Miss STANLEY: sembly of Rhode IsH.md, protesting to the 4461. By Mr. SCHIFFLER: Petition of H. Con. Res. 65. Concurrent resolution to Congress of the Uni_ted States against the en­ Seymour _Shaw, president, B'nai B'rith, establish a joint committee on post-war plan­ actment of pending House bill 2082 and any Wheeling .Lodge, No. 615, and 84 members, of ning; to the Committee on Rules. legislation having as its purpose an~ prohi­ Wheeling, W.Va., urging that appropriate ac­ By Mr. SUMNERS of Texas: bition of the manufacture or the sale or the tion be taken to insure the withdrawal of the H. Res. 406. Resolution authorizing the transportation of intoxicating liquors for Palestine White Paper of 1939 in its entirety; Committee on the J:4diciary to investigate beverage purposes; to the Committee on the that the terms of the Balfour Declaration and the official conduct of Albert W. Johnson and Judiciary. the Palestine mandates be implemented and Albert L. Watson, district judges of the 4449. Mr. GOODWIN: Resolution of the carried out faithfully to the end; and that United States District Court for the Middle executive committee of the Disabled Ameri­ Palestine may continue to remain open to District of Pennsylvania; to the Committee can Veterans, Department of Massachusetts, unrestricted Jewish immigration, etc.; to the on the JUdiciary. with reference to hospitalization, adopted Committee on Foreign Affairs. 1944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 669 4462. Also, petition of Mrs. W. A. Cole and ing against the enactment of any and all 4498. By Mr. BLOOM: Petition of the other residents of Elm Grove, W.Va., urging prohibition legislation; to the Committ-ee on American Labor Party, signed by !i!artin the passage of House bill 2082; to the Com­ the Judiciary. - Scher, legislative chairman, ninth • assembly mittee on the Judiciary. 4479. Also, petition of Frank P. Speecher district, New York City, containing resolu­ 4463. By Mrs. SMITH of. Maine: Petition a.nd other citizens of Chicago, Ill., protesting tions regarding pending legislation which of Wilfred Cote, of Augusta, Maine, ay.d other against the enactment of any and all pro­ were adopted at a meeting sponsored by the citizens, protesting against consideration by hibition legislation; to the Committee on American Labor Party Clubs of the seventh, Congress of the Bryson bill, H. R. 2082, which the Judiciary. ninth, and eleventh assembly districts of New would impose complete prohibition for the 4480. Also, petition of Max I. Nevis and York City; to the Committee on Election of duration of the war; to the Committee on other citizens of Chicago, Ill., protesting President, Vice President, and Representa· the Judiciary. against the enactment of any and all prohi· tives in Congress. 4464. Also, petition of Robert Battler, of bition legislation; to the Committee on the 4499. By the SPEAKER: Petition of Mrs. Randolph, Maine, and other citizens, protest­ Judiciary. J. C. Foose, of Williamsport, Pa., and sundry ing against the consideration by Congress of 4481. Also, petition of the Lincoln Park citizens, petitioning consideration of their the Bryson bill, H. R. 2082, which would im­ Post, No. 3564, Veterans of Foreign Wars, of resolution with reference to House bill 2082; pose complete prohibition for the duration of Chicago, Ill., protesting against the enact­ to the Committee on the Judiciary. the war; to the Committee on the Judiciary. ment of any and all prohibition legislation; 4500. Also, petition of the National Asso­ 4465. Also, petition of E. C. Jones, of Wash­ to the Committee on the Judiciary. ciation for the Calling of a United States ington, Maine, and other citizens, protesting 4482. AlEo, petition of the Budlong District Constitutional Convention, New York, N. Y., against the consideration by Congress of the Post, No. 837, American Legion, of Chicago, petitioning consideration of their resolution Bryson bill, H. R. 2082, which would impose Ill., protesting against the enactment of any with reference to the soldier-vote b'nl; to the complete prohibition for the duration of the and all prohibition legislation; to the Com­ Committee on Election of President, Vice war; to the Committee on the Judiciary. mittee on the Judiciary. President, and Representatives in Congress. 4466. Also, p&tltion of Albert Ducharme, 4483. Also, petition of. W. J. Mailhoit and 4501. Also, petition of the building and of Lewiston, Maine, and other citizens, pro­ other citizens of Chicago, Ill., protesting construction trades department, American testing against the consideration by Congress against the enactment of any and all pro­ Federation of Labor, Washington, D. C., peti­ of the Bryson bill, H. R. 2082, which would im­ hibition legislation; to the Committee on the tioning consideration of their resolution with pose complete prohibition for the duration Judiciary. reference to the so-called locality wage of the war; to the Committee on the Judi­ 4484. Also, petition of the W. A. C. Social boards, to the Committee on M111tary. Af­ ciary. Club of Chicago, Ill., protesting against the fairs. 4467. Also, petition of Rosario Houle, of enactment of any and all prohibition legisla­ 4502. Also, petition of the cJ,erk of the Lewiston, Maine, and other citizens, protest­ tion; to the Committee on the Judiciary. county of Ottawa, State of Michigan, peti­ ing against the consideration by Congress of 4485. Also, petition of James Marcinkus and the Bryson bill, H. R. 2082, which would im­ tioning consideration of the resolution with other citizens of Chicago, Ill., protesting reference to House bill 3420; to the Commit­ pose complete prohibition for the duration against the enactment of any and all pro­ of the war; to the Committee on the Judi­ tee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. hibition legislation; to the Committee on the 4503. Also, petition of the city clerk of ciary. Judiciary. 4468. By Mr. TREADWAY: Petition of sun­ Milwaukee, Wis., petitioning consideration 4486. Also, petition of Stanley Zack and of the resolution with reference to the sol­ dry citizens of Berkshire County, Mass., urg­ other citizens of Chicago, Ill., protesting ing the enactment of legislation to permit dier-vote bill; to the Committee on Election against the enactment of any and all pro­ of President, Vice President, and Representa­ members of the armed forces to vote in the hibition legislation; to the Committee on the coming national election; to the Committee tives in Congress. on ·Election of President, Vice President, and Judiciary. 4504. Also, petition of the American Free Representatives in Congress. 4487. Also, petition of Edward J. Dougherty World Association, New York City and Wash­ 4469. By Mr. WEAVER: Petition of the and other citizens of Chicago, Ill., protesting ington, D. c., petitioning consideration of Pearce-Young-Angel Co., Asheville, N. C., and against the enactment of any and all prohibi­ their resolution with reference to the Green­ sundry other persons of western North Caro­ ·tion legislation; to the Committee on the Lucas soldier-vote bill; to the Committee lina, opposing the enactment of House bill Judiciary. on Election of President, Vice President, and 4488. Also, petition of the Saltimieras Representatives in Congress. 2082, known as the Bryson bill; to the Com­ Radio Club of Chicago, Ill., protesting against mittee on the Judiciary. the enactment of any and all prohibition 4470. By Mr. WELCH: Resolution No. :J783, legislation; to the Committee on the adopted by the- San Francisco Board of Su­ Judiciary. pervisors on January 10, 1944, commending 4489. Also, petition of the American Lithu­ SENATE the Senate Committee on Education.and La­ anian Service Mothers of Chicago, Ill., pro­ bor for making inquiries into the problems testing against the enactment of any and TUESDAY, JANUARY 25, 1944 of the white-collar workers; to the Com­ all prohibition legislation; to the Committee mittee on Labor. on the Judiciary. (Legislative day of Monday, January 24, 4471. By Mr. CHURCH: Petition of officers 4490. Also, petition of the American Legion, and employees of the Bastian-Blessing Co., North Center Post, No. 356, of Chicago, Ill., 1944) of Chicago, Ill., protesting against the enact­ protesting against the enactment of any and ment of any and all prohibition legislation; all prohibition legislation; to the Committee ·The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, to the Committee on the Judiciary. on the Judiciary. · on the expiration of the recess. 4472. /Also, petition of Z. Goldman and 38 4491. Also, petition of G. Miller, of Chicago, The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown other citizens of Waukegan, Ill., protesting and other citizens of Illinois, protesting Harris, D. D., offered the following against the enactment of any and all prohi­ against the enactment of any and all prohibi­ prayer: bition legislation; to the Committee on the tion legislation; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Judiciary. Eternal God, we thank Thee that Thou 4473. Also, petition of Joseph F. Hein, of 4492. Also, petition of Max G. Schucorlein hast set eternity in our hearts. Our Chicago, and other citizens of Illinois, pro­ and other citizens of Chicago, Ill., protesting :fleeting day is .but a gleam of light be­ testing against the enactment of prohibition against the enactment of any and all prohibi­ tween two walls of darkness; yet while legislation; to the Committee ~m the Judi­ tion legislation; to the Committee on the it is called day we walk unafraid because ciary. Judiciary. Thou art our Father, and the darkness 4474. Also, petition of W. E. Flesch and 4493. Also, petition of Florabelle Meyer other citizens of Dlinois, protesting against and other citizens of Chicago, Ill., protesting and the light are both alike to Thee. enactment of prohibition legislation; to the against enactment of prohibition legisla­ An empty seat in this Chamber speaks Committee on the Judiciary. tion; to the Committee on the Judiciary. this morning of a lonely place against 4475. Also, petition of A. E. Ladish, of 4494. Also, petition of Anne Hennigan and our national sky. The sudden passing Wilmette, and other citizens of Illinois, other citizens ·of Chicago, Ill., protesting of a highly trusted and respected col­ protesting against the enactment of House against enactment of prohibition legislation; league and a great-souled public servant bill 2082, the. Bryson bill; to the Committee to the Committee on the Judiciary. on the Judiciary. 4495. Also, petition of Mrs. E. Kelley and reminds our saddened hearts that in 4476. Also, petition of Walter H. Rudolph, other citizens of Illinois, protesting against the midst of life we are in death. of Chicago, and other citizens of Illinois,, prohibition legislation; to the Committee on From all the illusive shows of sense protesting against the enactment of any and the Judiciary. we turn to the refuge of Thy over­ all prohibition legislation; to the Committee 4496. Also, petition of Catherine Keefee shadowing presence, Thou who are our on the Judiciary. and other citizens of Chicago, Ill., protest­ center and our rest, our shelter in the 4477. Also, petition of Stanley Lee and ing against prohibition legislation; to the stormy blast, and our eternal home. other citizens of Illinois, protesting against · Committee on the Judiciary. · the enactment of any and all prohibition leg­ 4497. Also, petition of Mildred Wilson-Por­ Inspire and guide with Thy spirit these islation; to the Committee on the Judiciary. teous and other citizens of Chicago, Ill., pro­ Thy servants, the few among the many 4478. Also, petition of C. B. Zeller, of Chi­ testing against enactment of prohibition leg­ lifted to high pedestals of influence and cago,' and other citizens of Illinois, protest- islation; to the Committee on the Judiciary. responsibility, to the end that they may