1920 1965 2003 1984 1941 2010 1945 1921 1924 1943 1993 2012

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

1920 1965 2003 1984 1941 2010 1945 1921 1924 1943 1993 2012 OUR STORY Captain John Robins, RAN, is appointed first Hydrographer. A mutiny in protest against pay The Hydrographic The Hydrographic Department The first unnumbered Australian chart Lieutenant Karl Oom, RAN, on reductions and poor working Department RAN RAN, is one of the 18 original for navigational use, SY Discovery, completes the first RAN conditions occurs on HMAS Moresby. is established at members at creation of the Roebuck Bay - Inner Anchorage, survey in Antarctica as part of the A Court of Inquiry is held on board Navy Office in International Hydrographic Bureau is published on 1 December 1924. The British, Australian and New Zealand cruiser HMAS Australia at Fremantle Melbourne on (now International Hydrographic chart was based on HMAS Geranium’s Antarctic Research Expedition and 27 punishment warrants are 01 October 1920. Organization) in June 1921. 1922 survey. (BANZARE). recorded in the ship’s log. HMAS Geranium is commissioned as the first HMAS Moresby (I) is commissioned on 1920 RAN survey ship. 1921 1924 20 June 1925 as the second RAN survey ship. 1930 1934 Despite its small size, Australia’s The Hydrographic Branch RAN, is surveying service is widely recognised designated as the charting authority for its war effort during World War II, for Allied naval forces in the South receiving: The Australian Oceanographic Data West Pacific and is appointed by British • 2 Orders of the British Empire The Australian Federal Cabinet makes Centre (AODC) is established as a The concept of Aus Fleet Charts is Admiralty as the sole Chart Agent • 13 Distinguished Service Crosses a decision that the Commonwealth section of the Hydrographic Service implemented on 20 June 1941 with the for the sale of Admiralty Charts and • 4 Distinguished Service Medals Naval Board will be responsible for RAN, to improve the accessibility publication of the first three Australian Hydrographic Publications charts in • 14 Mentioned in Despatches and surveying and charting of Australian of oceanographic data within the navigational charts. Australia. • multiple United States Legion of Merit waters. Australian Defence Force. awards Australian Notice to Mariners (NtM) are HMAS Moresby (II) is commissioned on published for the first time in 1933. 6 March 1964, as Australia’s first purpose-built From 1 January 1937, Australian NtM are RAN survey ship. published on a weekly basis. 1941 1943 1945 1946 1964 The inaugural HydroScheme is published. HydroScheme is the official The Hydrographic Service RAN, plan of hydrographic surveying tasks actively engages in capacity building to be undertaken by the Hydrographic The Autochart System for production of across the South West Pacific region Branch RAN, on behalf of the digitised nautical charts enters service, through personnel postings to the Department of Defence. marking a technological turning point. Solomon Islands and Fiji. In 1966 the RAN Hydrographic School is HMAS Flinders, commissioned on 27 April HMAS Cook is commissioned on 28 January In 1981, HMAS Flinders, under the command established at HMAS Penguin under CPOSR 1973, is the first RAN ship to enter Darwin of LCDR James Bond, RAN, discovers Petrass as the first instructor in charge of 1980 as the first RAN ship specifically following its destruction by Cyclone Tracy designed for oceanographic duties. ‘Hydrographers Passage’, a deep-water shipping 1965 survey training. in 1974. 1976 1980s channel through the Great Barrier Reef. The Hydrographic Office Detached Survey Unit (HODSU), which is now The Hydrographic Service RAN, known as the Maritime Geospatial launches its own dedicated web site, Warfare Unit (MGWU), commences Commodore John Leech, RAN, chairs www.hydro.gov.au, to promulgate activities, undertaking operations in the first South West Pacific Regional Australian Notices to Mariners and areas from Antarctica to Timor-Leste Hydrographic Commission meeting, other navigational safety information and throughout the South West Pacific. 19-20 October 1993. and services. In 1989-1990, four Survey Motor Launches Laser Airborne Depth Sounder (LADS) Flight The Australian Hydrographic Office RAN, On 27 May 2000, two hydrographic survey are commissioned into the RAN, HMA Ships is accepted into operational service in the moves into its current home in a purpose- ships are commissioned together into the 1984 Paluma, Mermaid, Shepparton and Benalla. 1993 RAN on 8 October 1993. built facility in Wollongong in 1994. 1999 RAN, HMAS Leeuwin and HMAS Melville. The Navigation Act 2012 (Cth) is The Defence Legislation Amendment Commodore Bluelink is established as a amended, and gives the Australian Bill 2017 is passed and receives Royal Fiona Freeman, partnership between CSIRO, Bureau of Hydrographic Service specific Assent to consolidate the Australian RAN, is HydroScheme Industry Partnership Meteorology and the Royal Australian responsibilities for collecting, Hydrographic Office (a component of appointed as Program (HIPP) commences. HIPP is a Navy, with the goal of developing an disseminating and providing the organisation formerly known as the the first female commercial program that undertakes operational forecasting system for The Australian Hydrographic Service hydrographic services as required by Australian Hydrographic Service) into Hydrographer focused hydrographic survey activities the global ocean circulation around officially launches its own in-house the United Nations Safety of Life at Sea the Australian Geospatial-Intelligence of Australia in to contribute to national charting Australia. Print On Demand (POD) facility. (SOLAS) Convention. Organisation. December 2017. priorities. Australia is at the leading edge of designing a new gridded layout for ENC cells. Initial ENC coverage of the Australian charting 2003 2010 area is achieved. 2012 2017 2020 Through its people, data, products and services, the Australian Hydrographic Office enables safe navigation in Australian waters, supports Australia’s blue economy, contributes to protecting the marine environment and provides support to Defence. .
Recommended publications
  • Call the Hands
    CALL THE HANDS Issue No. 7 April 2017 From the President Welcome to Call the Hands. Our focus this month is on small vessels that played a large role in Australia's naval history. Similarly, some individuals and small groups who are often overlooked are covered. We look at a young Australian, the little known WW1 naval pilot, Lieutenant R. A. Little who became an ace flying with the Royal Navy Air Service and 11 sailors from HMAS Australia who participated with distinction in the 1918 raid on Zeebrugge. As many stories cannot be covered in detail I hope you find the links and recommended ‘further reading’ of value. Likewise, the list of items included in ‘this month in history’ is larger. This may wet appetites to search our website for relevant stories of interest. I would like to acknowledge the recent gift of a collection of books and DVDs to the Society's library by Mrs Jocelyn Looslie. Sadly, her husband, RADM Robert Geoffrey Looslie, CBE, RAN passed away on 5 September 2016 at age 90. His long and distinguished career of 41 years commencing in 1940 included four sea commands. One of these was the guided missile destroyer HMAS Brisbane (1971–1972). During this period Brisbane conducted its second Vietnam deployment. David Michael From the Editor Occasional Paper 6 published in March 2017 listed RAN ships lost over a century. Whilst feedback was positive we acknowledge subscribers and members who pointed out omissions which included; HMA ships Tarakan1, Woomera and Arrow. The tragic circumstances of their loss and the lives of their sailors underscores the inherent risks our men and women face daily at sea in peace and war.
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis of the Loss of HMAS SYDNEY
    An analysis of the loss of HMAS SYDNEY By David Kennedy The 6,830-ton modified Leander class cruiser HMAS SYDNEY THE MAIN STORY The sinking of cruiser HMAS SYDNEY by disguised German raider KORMORAN, and the delayed search for all 645 crew who perished 70 years ago, can be attributed directly to the personal control by British wartime leader Winston Churchill of top-secret Enigma intelligence decodes and his individual power. As First Lord of the Admiralty, then Prime Minster, Churchill had been denying top secret intelligence information to commanders at sea, and excluding Australian prime ministers from knowledge of Ultra decodes of German Enigma signals long before SYDNEY II was sunk by KORMORAN, disguised as the Dutch STRAAT MALAKKA, off north-Western Australia on November 19, 1941. Ongoing research also reveals that a wide, hands-on, operation led secretly from London in late 1941, accounted for the ignorance, confusion, slow reactions in Australia and a delayed search for survivors . in stark contrast to Churchill's direct part in the destruction by SYDNEY I of the German cruiser EMDEN 25 years before. Churchill was at the helm of one of his special operations, to sweep from the oceans disguised German raiders, their supply ships, and also blockade runners bound for Germany from Japan, when SYDNEY II was lost only 19 days before the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor and Southeast Asia. Covering up of a blunder, or a punitive example to the new and distrusted Labor government of John Curtin gone terribly wrong because of a covert German weapon, can explain stern and brief official statements at the time and whitewashes now, with Germany and Japan solidly within Western alliances.
    [Show full text]
  • The Forgotten Fronts the First World War Battlefield Guide: World War Battlefield First the the Forgotten Fronts Forgotten The
    Ed 1 Nov 2016 1 Nov Ed The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The Forgotten Fronts The First Battlefield War World Guide: The Forgotten Fronts Creative Media Design ADR005472 Edition 1 November 2016 THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | i The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The British Army Campaign Guide to the Forgotten Fronts of the First World War 1st Edition November 2016 Acknowledgement The publisher wishes to acknowledge the assistance of the following organisations in providing text, images, multimedia links and sketch maps for this volume: Defence Geographic Centre, Imperial War Museum, Army Historical Branch, Air Historical Branch, Army Records Society,National Portrait Gallery, Tank Museum, National Army Museum, Royal Green Jackets Museum,Shepard Trust, Royal Australian Navy, Australian Defence, Royal Artillery Historical Trust, National Archive, Canadian War Museum, National Archives of Canada, The Times, RAF Museum, Wikimedia Commons, USAF, US Library of Congress. The Cover Images Front Cover: (1) Wounded soldier of the 10th Battalion, Black Watch being carried out of a communication trench on the ‘Birdcage’ Line near Salonika, February 1916 © IWM; (2) The advance through Palestine and the Battle of Megiddo: A sergeant directs orders whilst standing on one of the wooden saddles of the Camel Transport Corps © IWM (3) Soldiers of the Royal Army Service Corps outside a Field Ambulance Station. © IWM Inside Front Cover: Helles Memorial, Gallipoli © Barbara Taylor Back Cover: ‘Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red’ at the Tower of London © Julia Gavin ii | THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | iii ISBN: 978-1-874346-46-3 First published in November 2016 by Creative Media Designs, Army Headquarters, Andover.
    [Show full text]
  • Issue 46, October 2020
    From the President Welcome to this 46th edition of Call the Hands. As always, we are pleased to present a wide cross section of stories and draw attention to some most interesting audio and video recordings. Don’t miss the links to a short description by Lieutenant Commander Henry Stoker of AE2’s 1915 passage through the Dardanelles strait and the snippets of life in HMAS Australia (II) in 1948. In a similar vein, those with an interest in HMAS Cerberus should not miss the link to aerial footage of the extensive building works undertaken in Cerberus in recent years. In its 100th anniversary year HMAS Cerberus is well equipped for current and future high trainee throughputs. Highlighted are two remarkable people; Able Seaman Moss Berryman the last member of the Operation Jaywick operatives and Surgeon Lieutenant Commander Samuel Stening, a HMAS Perth survivor and POW. Links to their remarkable stories are worthy of attention. Occasional Paper 91 provides detailed insight into strategic and operational level decisions concerning the employment of the Royal Australian Navy and the Royal Navy’s China Fleet and South Atlantic Squadron in pursuit of the German East Asia Squadron during the early months of World War One. It is a story of bungled and poor strategic decision making on the part of the First Sea Lord and Admiralty. The consequences of this disjointed strategy, wasted time and not allowing Admiral Sir George Patey freedom of action in his flagship HMAS Australia, to pursue the German Squadron were significant. Occasional Paper 92 addresses the matter of the award of the first Royal Australian Navy Victoria Cross and other forms of recognition for Ordinary Seaman Edward “Teddy” Sheean.
    [Show full text]
  • Replacing the Merchant Navy 16 MANAGING AGENTS for IIOBSONS BAY DOCK and Christmas Convoy 25 Irngineering CO
    CONTENTS Vol. 19. JANUARY. I956. SEA TRAVEL EDITORIAL: M.V. "DUNTROON"— 10.500 Ion. A Healthy Criticism 4 Protection In The Atomic Age 5 MELBOURNE AT ITS BEST! STEAMSHIP A 7TICLES: CO. LTD. Head Office: A New Submarine Hunter 6 31 KING ST., MELBOURNE Left Look At Russia's Neval Strength 8 BRANCHES OR AGENCIES AT ALL PORTS TO ENGLAND VIA SUEZ Hobart Race 16 MANAGING AGENTS FOR By FIRST & TOURIST CLASS AND ONE CLASS VESSELS HOBSONS BAY DOCK AND "Control Of Atlantic Vital" — Montgomery 26 ENGINEERING CO. PTY. LTD. Agentt: Works: Williamstown. Victoria MACDONALD, HAMILTON & CO. Rebuilding The French Navy 30 HODGE ENGINEERING CO. PTY. LTD. SVDNEy BRISBANE. MELBOURNE PERTH NEWCASTLE FEATURES: Works: Sussex St., Sydney, ELDER. SMITH & CO. LIMITED and ADELAIDE Newt Of The World's Navies 14 COCKBURN ENGINEERING PENINSULAR I O R I E N I A I c o PTY. LTD. fine, in fcngiond witn hmiUC liability! Maritime News Of The World 20 Works: Mines Rd., Frenande. SHIP RFPAIRFRS. FTC Personalities 23 Book Reviews 27 For Sea Cadets 27 THE UNITED SHIP SERVICES »ub ished by The Navy League of Australia. 83 Pitt Street. Sydney N.S.W. PTY. LTD. Telephone BU 1771. Official Organ of the Navy League of Australia: the Merchant Service Guild of Australasia: the El-Naval Men's Association (Federal|. UOSCRIPTION RATE: 12 Issues post free in the British Empire. 20/-. -opies of "Hera'd" photograohs used may be obtained dirert from Pho'a Sa'es. Sydney Morning Hera'd. Hunter Street. Sydney. When ships of the Navy " heave to" this rope holds fast! ALL CLASSES OF SHIP REPAIRS AND FITTINGS UNDERTAKEN «K.
    [Show full text]
  • The Medical Officer's Journal: HMAS Sydney
    Anaesth Intensive Care 2014; 42: 5–12 The Medical Officer’s Journal: HMAS Sydney, 1913 to 1922. An Australian Naval record of surgery and anaesthesia at the time of the outbreak of World War I J. M. MCDONALD*, E. M. TODD† Sydney, New South Wales SUMMARY The Medical Officer’s Journal of HMAS Sydney was a record kept by the ship’s surgeon, Leonard Darby, of the conditions on the ship and the health, diseases, injuries and treatment of the sailors under his care. Records of anaesthesia and surgery indicate chloroform was mostly administered, as was ether occasionally. There was some use of intravenous and subcutaneous fluids for resuscitation. The journal also provides an eyewitness account of the Sydney–Emden battle on 9 November 1914 which occurred off the Cocos (Keeling) Islands and was a famous first victory for the young Australian Navy, making headlines around the world. The treatment of the many injured, mostly Germans, is described with the two Australian surgeons and the surviving German surgeon working together. Key Words: HMAS Sydney, naval, medic, anaesthesia, World War I Carefully stored and treasured at the Australian senior surgeon, Dr Leonard Darby, covering the War Memorial in Canberra is the Medical Officer’s period of World War I. There are descriptions of the Journal from HMAS Sydney, 1913 to 1922. This conditions on the ship and medical notes regarding large, heavy, leather-bound book contains hand- the sailors’ health and treatment. There are accounts written medical records documented by the ship’s of on-board surgery and anaesthesia as well as detailed descriptions of the injuries and treatment 1 2 of injured Australian and German sailors during the Sydney–Emden battle of 1914.
    [Show full text]
  • ECM 2046783 V13 List of Names of Streets/Roads, Suburbs, Parks
    CITY OF BELMONT List of Names of Streets/Roads, Suburbs, Parks, Perth Airport Roads and Schools Prepared by the City of Belmont Tel: (08) 9477 7222 Fax: (08) 9478 1473 Email: [email protected] Website: www.belmont.wa.gov.au Date: 04/07/19 Document Set ID: 2046783 Version: 13, Version Date: 04/07/2019 Date 17/10/2014 Table of Contents Contents 1. CITY OF BELMONT POLICY MANUAL........................................................................1 2. WORKING COPY OF SCHEDULE OF NAMES RESERVED FOR STREETS (ROAD NAMES) AND PARKS ..............................................................................................2 3. LIST OF CURRENT STREET NAMES (ROAD NAMES) WITHIN THE CITY OF BELMONT............................................................................................................11 4. LIST OF FORMER STREET NAMES (ROAD NAMES) (NO LONGER IN EXISTENCE / DUPLICATION ETC)...............................................................................................38 5. SUBURB NAMES IN THE CITY OF BELMONT ............................................................41 6. LIST OF CURRENT STREET NAMES (ROAD NAMES) WITHIN PERTH AIRPORT AREA..................................................................................................................43 7. LIST OF FORMER PERTH AIRPORT STREET NAMES (ROAD NAMES) (NO LONGER IN EXISTENCE).....................................................................................................87 8. PARK NAMES IN THE CITY OF BELMONT ................................................................91
    [Show full text]
  • CALL the HANDS NHSA DIGITAL NEWSLETTER Issue No.13 October 2017
    CALL THE HANDS NHSA DIGITAL NEWSLETTER Issue No.13 October 2017 From the President The Naval Historical Society of Australia (NHSA) has grown over more than four decades from a small Garden Island, Sydney centric society in 1970 to an Australia wide organization with Chapters in Victoria, WA and the ACT and an international presence through the website and social media. Having recently established a FACEBOOK presence with a growing number of followers. Society volunteers have been busy in recent months enhancing the Society’s website. The new website will be launched in December 2017 at our AGM. At the same time, we plan to convert Call the Hands into digital newsletter format in lieu of this PDF format. This will provide advantage for readers and the Society. The most significant benefit of NHSA membership of the Society is receipt of our quarterly magazine, the Naval Historical Review which is add free, up to fifty pages in length and includes 8 to 10 previously unpublished stories on a variety of historical and contemporary subjects. Stories greater than two years old are made available to the community through our website. The membership form is available on the website. If more information is required on either membership or volunteering for the Society, please give us a call or e-mail us. Activities by our regular band of willing volunteers in the Boatshed, continue to be diverse, interesting and satisfying but we need new helpers as the range of IT and web based activities grows. Many of these can be done remotely. Other activities range from routine mail outs to guiding dockyard tours, responding to research queries, researching and writing stories.
    [Show full text]
  • Navy League of Australia, and "The Mnrchant Navy," PERSONALITIES Journal of Tha Mnrchant Service Guild Commander John Lnngston Bath, R.A.N
    CONTENTS "'NAVY Vol. 14 June, I960. No. 6. ESTABLISHED IS6S EDITORIAL DAYTYS LION DAVEY'S FLOUR . Australia's Maritime Page Letters to the Editors 5 • jMiraal Published Monthly Editoriel 10 Established in Australia for over ARTICLES 80 years. British Tremp A Model Ship by John Clark 12 • S. H. GILL, U.S. Survey Seerches for Sardines 14 When "Coffin Face" Came tjt Melbourne by Sidney Jemes 16 Associate Editor: Our Recent Navel Visitor's Distinguished Cereer It Captain Suppliers to the R.A.N, and the R.N. The Loss of the "Truculent" 36 BRAND W. G. LAWRENCE. M.B.E. • Gravity System in Eastern M fiTIrrenee'n 31 TELEGRAPHIC AND CABLE ADDRESS Managing Editor: LIONFLOUR. • SYDNEY "In Fog. Mist, Falling Snow' JfltTCJ •' 39 BARRY E. KEEN. • * C PERSONALITIES Commander John McLauchlarT. Adams, O.B.E.. RA.N. 20 EDWIN DAVEY & SONS PTY. LTD. Incarporatlag tha "Navy League Jour- nal," Official Organ of the Navy League The Director of Studies, R.A.N. College 22 ALLEN STREET, PYRMONT of Australia, and "Tbe Merchant Navy," Journal of the Merchant Service Guild OVERSEAS NEWS. 'Phone: MW 2531 (3 lines) of Australasia. % News of World's Nevies 26 Circelatfag through the Royal Austra- Maritime Newt of the World 24 lian and New Zealand Navies, tfie Met- chant Service and to the general public. SPECIAL FEATURES Published by The Navy League, Royal Seas, Ships and Sailors by Norton 31 LESLIE'S Exchange Building, 54e Pitt Street, Syd- ney, N.S.W. Telephone: BU 5B0*. Neuticel Question Box 32 Complete Home Furnishers NAVAL OCCASIONS Subscription Rate: What the Navy Is Doing at Sea and Ashore 305 PITT STREET, SYDNEY 12 issues post free in the British Empire, (next door to Esquire Theatre) • 2/4; foreign, 16/-.
    [Show full text]
  • Severe Storms on the East Coast of Australia 1770–2008
    SEVERE STORMS ON THE EAST COAST OF AUSTRALIA 1770 – 2008 Jeff Callaghan Research Fellow, Griffith Centre for Coastal Management, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld Formerly Head Severe Storm Forecaster, Bureau of Meteorology, Brisbane Dr Peter Helman Senior Research Fellow, Griffith Centre for Coastal Management, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld Published by Griffith Centre for Coastal Management, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 10 November 2008 This publication is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission from the publisher. ISBN: 978-1-921291-50-0 Foreword Severe storms can cause dramatic changes to the coast and devastation to our settlements. If we look back through history, to the first European observations by James Cook and Joseph Banks on Endeavour in 1770, we can improve our understanding of the nature of storms and indeed climate on the east coast. In times of climate change, it is essential that we understand natural climate variability that occurs in Australia. Looking back as far as we can is essential to understand how climate is likely to behave in the future. Studying coastal climate through this chronology is one element of the process. Analysis of the records has already given an indication that east coast climate fluctuates between phases of storminess and drought that can last for decades. Although records are fragmentary and not suitable for statistical analysis, patterns and climate theory can be derived. The dependence on shipping for transport and goods since European settlement ensures a good source of information on storms that gradually improves over time.
    [Show full text]
  • HMAS Australia 1940 Rescue
    OCCASIONAL PAPER 16 October 2017 The Naval Historical Society of Australia HMAS Australia and Atlantic rescue of Coastal Command Sunderland -1940 By LCDR Mac Gregory RAN Retired On Monday 28th October 1940. I was serving as an eighteen year old Midshipman in HMAS “Australia”, an 8 inch gun cruiser. At that time, we had arrived on the Clyde at Greenock, Scotland, only two days earlier, after passage from Gibraltar. What a contrast we found the weather from our recent time in the tropics; cold days and even colder nights, and rough Atlantic weather to cope with at sea. We were ordered to sea that afternoon, to join a search for a German merchant raider, reported operating against our shipping, keeping open the life line from the United States. The convoys were necessary for Britain’s survival, bringing food, oil, etc., to allow the continued struggle against Germany by Britain and her dominions, Australia, Canada and New Zealand. In 1940, this small group alone represented the free world against the might of the Third Reich. The “Australia” and her crew were here to play our own small part in those very dark days. Notwithstanding the growing U Boat menace, and the wide geographic area covered by German aircraft, our merchant ships and those of many neutral countries were still at sea; many ships survived to arrive at their destinations on the West coast of the United Kingdom. As Tuesday dawned, we learned of a coastal command Sunderland flying boat which had made a forced landing in the Atlantic Ocean West of the Hebrides.
    [Show full text]
  • Sea Control & Maritime Power Projection for Australia: Maritime Air
    University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 1954-2016 University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2003 Sea control & maritime power projection for Australia: maritime air power and air warfare Richard T. Menhinick University of Wollongong Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/theses University of Wollongong Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorise you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this work may be reproduced by any process, nor may any other exclusive right be exercised, without the permission of the author. Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. A court may impose penalties and award damages in relation to offences and infringements relating to copyright material. Higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and infringements involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form. Unless otherwise indicated, the views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the University of Wollongong. Recommended Citation Menhinick, Richard T, Sea control & maritime power projection for Australia: maritime air power and air warfare, M.MS-R thesis, Centre for Maritime Policy, University of Wollongong, 2003.
    [Show full text]