CONTENTS

Vol. 19. JANUARY. I956.

SEA TRAVEL EDITORIAL: M.V. "DUNTROON"— 10.500 Ion. A Healthy Criticism 4

Protection In The Atomic Age 5 MELBOURNE AT ITS BEST! STEAMSHIP A 7TICLES: CO. LTD. Head Office: A New Submarine Hunter 6 31 KING ST., MELBOURNE Left Look At Russia's Neval Strength 8 BRANCHES OR AGENCIES AT ALL PORTS TO ENGLAND VIA SUEZ Hobart Race 16 MANAGING AGENTS FOR By FIRST & TOURIST CLASS AND ONE CLASS VESSELS HOBSONS BAY DOCK AND "Control Of Atlantic Vital" — Montgomery 26 ENGINEERING CO. PTY. LTD. Agentt: Works: Williamstown. Victoria MACDONALD, HAMILTON & CO. Rebuilding The French Navy 30 HODGE ENGINEERING CO. PTY. LTD. SVDNEy BRISBANE. MELBOURNE PERTH NEWCASTLE FEATURES: Works: Sussex St., Sydney, ELDER. SMITH & CO. LIMITED and ADELAIDE Newt Of The World's Navies 14 COCKBURN ENGINEERING PENINSULAR I O R I E N I A I c o PTY. LTD. fine, in fcngiondwit n hmiUC liability! Maritime News Of The World 20 Works: Mines Rd., Frenande. SHIP RFPAIRFRS. FTC Personalities 23

Book Reviews 27

For Sea Cadets 27 THE UNITED SHIP SERVICES »ub ished by The Navy League of Australia. 83 Pitt Street. Sydney N.S.W. PTY. LTD. Telephone BU 1771. Official Organ of the Navy League of Australia: the Merchant Service Guild of Australasia: the El-Naval Men's Association (Federal|.

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«K. 102 NORMANB^RD.. STH. MELBOURNE. VIC. ANCHOR BRAND Telephones: MX">2?1 (6 lines). i"jery, 1956. I THE NAVY LEAGUE OF AUSTRALIA. NOW OPEN SHIPS - FACTORIES COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS PATRON. His Excellency The Governor-General. THE "LIGHTNING" CONSULTATION FEDERAL COUNCIL. 1st PRIZE — £30.000 C l: Vice Admiral Sir hn FOR A L I. CLASSES OF F I. ECTRICA L ^ Jc*B*E ' J° Col lint. 100,0 Dapiity PisSinit: Comdr. R. A. Nettlefold. 100.000 TICKETS ONLY AT £1 EACH D.S.C.. V.R.D.. R.A.N R IN'STALLATI O N S A N D R E I' A 1 R S. Secretary: R. Neil Walford. Eaq.. J12 Alio Hinders. St.. Melbourne. C.l. THE 10/- SPECIAL CONSULTATION MOTOR A X !> O F N F R A T O R W I N P I N G . Hon. Treasurer: R. Neil Walford. Esq. 100,000 TICKETS ONLY. 1ST PRIZE RADAR INSTALLATIONS, ETC New South Wales Division: £14,000 Patron: Hi» Excellency The Governor of * Drawn every few weeks, end Niw South Wale*. President: Rear-Admiral H. A. Showers. A THE USUAL 5/- CASH CONSULTATIONS C B.E. (Rctd. (. Secretary: R 1. Rae. Esq.. 8 J Pitt Street 1ST PRIZE — £10,000 BU 1771. Drawn every few days We offer our services Hon. Treasurer* p. E. Trine, Esq. Victorian Division: Patron: His Excellency The Governor of Victoria. "Tattersall" Sweep Consultation Prjfkjent: Vice-Admiral Sir John Collina. i Secretary:' R. ' Nal Walford. Esq.. J12 flinders, St.. Melbourne. C.l. C/- GEO. ADAMS Hon. Treasurer: M. A. Glover. Esq 244 FLINDERS STREET. MELBOURNE ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS PTY. LTD. South Australian Division: Patron: His Excellency The Governor of S -th Australia. Tel. BX 5?11 181 CI.ARENCE ST.. SYDNEY Tel. BX 5311 ) President: Lieut.-Comdr. C. C. Shinkfield R A N R (retd.). Hon. Sec.: K W. Adcock. Esq.. 131 Gren- fell Street. Adelaide. Wilh. WILHELMSEN AGENCY

1 jsmanian Division: Patron: Vice-Admiral Sir Guy Wyatt PTY. LTD. K.B.fc. C.B.. R.N. (retd ). Prudent: C. H. Hand. Eaq.. M.H.A. SYDNEY BC MELBOURNE Hon. Sec.t Comdr. G. E. W. W. Bayly. Always ask for . . . COCKATOO DOCKS O.B.E.. V.R.D.. R.A.N.V.R. (retd). GEO. CHEW LEE 726 Sandv Bay Rd.. Lower Sandy Bav. & GO. PTY. LTD. & ENGINEERING Hobart. Western Australian Division: Patten Hia Excellency The Governor of Representative for: SHELLEY'S CO. PTY. LTD. Western Australia. President: Hon. Sir Frank Gibson. K.C.M.G. • Hon. Sec. • Hon. Treas.: K. Olson. Esq . WILHELMSEN LINES, OSLO SHIPPING 62 Blencou-c St.. West Leederville. W.A. FAMOUS DRINKS ieensland Division: AUSTRALIA-WEST PACIFIC LINE, HELSINBORG CONTRACTORS Contr.ctori to . . Patront Hia Excellency The Governor of Queensland. H.M. AUSTRAl IAN NAVY 'Vaaidant: Comdr. N. S. Piiley, M.B.E.. AMERICAN PIONEER LINE, NEW YORK WHOLESALE & RETAIL Obtainable from leading V.R.D.. R.A.N.R. (retd.). Ryan House. Eatle Street. Brisbane, GROCERS Ship-builders SCANDINAVIAN AIRLINES SYSTEM. STOCKHOLM shops and saloons. •ion. Sac.: Lieut.'Comdr. O. C. McDonald. Marine R.A.N.V.R. (retd.). Box 1441T. G.P.O.. MARKET GARDENERS Brisbane. and FRUIT MERCHANTS Australian Capital Territory Division: General Engineers ' resident: His Excellency. G. E. L. PRODUCE MERCHANTS SHELLEY & SONS Alderton, C.M.G. (High Commissioner Inquiries Invited for New Zealand). IMPORTERS Ion. Sec. - Hon. Tress.: Comdr. A. D. For the Best Soft Drink. CORDIAL FACTORY McLachlan, R.A.N. (Retd ). 49 Froggatt A EXPORTERS St.. Turner. Canberra. A CT. 'Phone: PTY. LTD. J 2111. • ' 'r - Always .ay . . . COCKATOO ISLAND MURRAY STREET, AUSTRALIAN SEA CADET frmi HEAD OFFICE: SYDNEY COUNCIL. / • MARRICKVILLE, enresentatives of the Naval Board: MARCHANT'S 19 LACKEY STREET. Director of Nival Reserves. Capt. A S N.S.W. Rns-nthal D.RO.. RAN (Chairman!. Phone: WB 1*41 Comdr. P. R. Ismes. R.A.N. PLEASE ! HAYMARKET. -tecewMtfltfeaa of The Navy Laa«oe> 'Phone: LA 5461. (10 lines) Comdr. R. A. Nettlafold. DSC.. Phone MA 2383. V R D . R A.N.V.R. Office SC Factory: 54 YORK ST., RICHMOND, VICTORIA L. G. Prarson. Esq.; L. Porsythe. Esq : "Phone: JA MJI. Lieut. (S> P G Evans. RANVR "on. Secretary: R Neil Walford JO THE NAVY Januery, 1954. MAY WE WORK WITH YOU ON YOUR STEEL ft TOOL PROBLEMS? EAGLE GLOBE 23-37 BUCKLAND ST., BROADWAY, N.S.W. Telephone: MA 6421 STEEL CO.LTD. Vol. I?. JANUARY, 1956. No. I. considers it vitally necessary that the New South Branchas Throughout Australian Capital Citias Wales Navy League committee try to find add - Associatad Company: ARTHUR BALFOUR ft COMPANY LTD.. Shaffiald. Eng. A HEALTHY CRITICISM tional qualified and interested persons for appoin' tnent as officers and instructors. :'or sea cadets since the tour of Captain Spurgcon. Describing the visit, the aeronautical correspon- He recommends that all officers and instructor Activities such as these would encourage the de- dent of the London "Times" said: "If an atomic The Director of Naval Reserves, Captain A. S. be required to carry out a course in an R.A.N velopment of Corps spirits, the Director said. attack were made on the Fleet and the Ari; Royal Rosenthal, has made important recommendations establishment, and to Iv examined in squad drill, Summing up. the Director says: "It is considered was within the 'fall-out' area she would imme- following his inspection of the New South Wales boat work. Sea Cadet syllabus and knowledge < f ;hat more Service control should be applied in diately he 'sealed'. That means she would cease Division of the Australian Sea Cadet Corps. Sea Cadet regulations. raining matters—the Navy's main role in sea cadet to draw air from the atmosphere, the air inside the His official report by no means flatters the stan- The Director says: "If foi'nd wanting, appoin- idministration. ship being recirculated, and all the ship's comple- dard of training in sonic units. •ncnts should be terminated, even if such action "It is therefore recommended that the adminis- ment would immediately be withdrawn to safe But it docs pay tribute to the improvement which means the disbanding of a local unit—on th( trative staff in New South Wales be reconstituted. positions away from danger of contamination. grounds that no unit is better than a bad one." "It is proposed that a senior R.A.N.R. officer, he found in other units. ! However, it is inescapable—from the Director's He reports that he found no suggestion th. ! vith R A.N.R. officers as executives and training "Without normal ventilation the temperature in findings that while a lively enthusiasm does exist cadets were joining the R.A.N, or the R.A N.F fficers. be made Headquarters Staff." the engine and boiler rooms would soon become that enthusiasm needs more co-ordination and more However, he looked forward to some improvemci' The Director recommends that the new body unbearable All staff would immediately be with- supervision by qualified instructors in the future in the way of recruits. hould act in an R.A.N, establishment, preferably drawn and the ship steered hv remote control from H M A S. Rushcutter. two emergency control rooms on No. 6 deck. The Director does not make clear in his official The Director states that the Navy has helpc Each of these rooms can control tivo engines and report that the officers and instructors of the Sea provide camps for Sea Cadets. He fur'her recomirends that an officer's course two boiler rooms. Cadet Corps arc volunteers. Hi- criticism, there- But he believes that a firm policy should apply e carried out in Pen^ii/n or Riishriitter in accord- and accordingly, he recommends: ncc with the present sea cadet syllabus. fore. is ba«ed on a standard of efficiency which a "The Arl; Roval has actually been brought to naval officer would expect to find in H.M. estab- • That camps be limited to H.M.A. establish- ments within the State to which a unit bclong- anchor in Sandmvn Bay. off the Isle of Wight, by lishments remote control, without anyone in the engine room." But this is all to the good. It calls for a very • Embarkation of cadets in ships should be limit PROTECTION IN THE ATOMIC AGE high degree of efficiency which the Sea Cadet Corps cd to daylight passages only, except in the The correspondent quoted the senior eneineer, can achieve through local and State-wide efforts. case of cadets who have already carried ou: A partv of journalists recently visited H.M.S Lieutenant-Commander D. G. Greaves. R.N.. as That degree of efficiency could well lead to poten- a camp of at least seven days in a naval Arl; Roval. the Royal Naw's most modern aircraft- having said: "The use of remote control has proved tial first-class recruits joining the R A N. or the establishment. •Trier and the first ship to be fitted with remote most successful. It could be a normal method of R A.N.R The Director points out that one pleasing aspe,: "ntrol for use in the event of an atomic attack steaming and it reduces the manpower required for In his official report the Director says that he he noticed was the institution of organised gamc- •it sea. the task."

THE January, 1956. 4 Ltd., aircraft manufacturers of Belfast, Northern Ireland, which THE NAVY LEAGUE IS GROWING has recently produced the Scamcw, ^^ORTHERN. Territory and.New Guinea are now the only two a versatile and simple submarine parts of the area coverrd by the Nr.vy Le-gue of Australia in hunter, now going into service which there is no division of the League. with the Coastal Command of Britain's Royal Air Force and with carriage legs can be jettisoned if a public meeting on September 22. the Royal Navy. the aircraft is "ditched" this "His Excellency the High Com- The Scamcw, already in full- avoids nosing over. missioner for New Zealand, Mr. -cale production at Belfast, is a The Scamcw has an extensible Lisle Aldcrton, himself an ex-naval light, robust aircraft for operation tail wheel so that on touch down officer, has accepted the presidency in a variety of duties. Costing the aircraft maintains an attitude of the new division and Mr. John only between one-half and two- similar to that of the conventional Howse. M l'., who gladly under- thirds the price of any comparable tricycle arrangement. For take- took the spadework of launching machine in operation, it comes well off, however, the tail wheel leg it. is the vice-president with within the purchasing power of compresses and puts the aircraft in Messrs. Harald Ganter and Ronald -mall countries or of countries with the best position for a quick climb Hull," he added. -mall air forces. away. It can carry a wide assort- "Commander A. D. Mac- Simplicity of design also means ment ol weapons, including tor- Lachlan. RAN. (retd.). is simplicity of production, I o w pedoes. bombs and rockets fitted honorary secretary and treasurer. labour costs, reliability of per- externally to the wings. There is every hope that a Sea formance and the minimum of The retiring Federal president Cadet unit will be formed to The Short Seamew, powered by en Armitrorq-Siddeley Membe turbo-prop engine, in flight. It cerriei the letest reder ol the Navy League. Commander "search end strike" equipment. The reder scanner is housed in the bulge under the cockpit. maintenance. The last two factors operate on Lake George." make the Seamew a suitable I D. Bates, said this at the annual In a detailed statement of the machine for operations in areas meeting of the Federal Council in officer and cadet strength of the A NEW SUBMARINE HUNTER where airfield and maintenance Melbourne on October 31. Sea Cadet Corns. Commander By Rear-Admiral Sir Matthew Slattery facilities are primitive. Its short Commander Bates, who did not Bates said that Victoria now had Formerly Chief of NavaI Air Equipment at the Admiralty take-off and a slow approach speed seek re-election, was succeeded as a total of 395 officers and cadets, GLANCE at any map of the craft, the latter operating from aircraft required, it is essentia! mean that the aircraft can operate president by Vice-Admiral Sir N.S.W. 350. Tasmania 235. A world shows that the sea shore bases or from carriers with that they should be small, ruggeJ rom the smallest carriers without John Collins. K B E.. C.B. Western Australia 93. South Aus- covers something like five-sevenths the convoy. Reconnaissance is, of and simple; they must be able to using a catapult, although it is Commander Bates said that the tralia JR. and Queensland 162, of the earth's surface. A great coursc, an essential requirement in operate in the foulest weather from itted with catapult take-off gear. Navy League should not be satis- making a total of 1273. fied until its activities had been deal of this mass of water lies in the first place, and when this in- the smallest carriers. It is also The aircraft's wide range of fly- "The Corps has continued to introduced into the Northern the Indian and Pacific Oceans and volves the searching of wide areas important for these aircraft to be tig speeds and its ability to turn expand, but in all divisions there is Territory and New Guinea. most countries in that part of the of open sea, it is probably most maintained by the minimum num •i very small circles aiound a tar- still a severe shortage of officers However, the League had con- world have many thousands of economically performed by large ber of mechanics, who will often get give it a tactic?! advantage and instructors." Commander tinued to expand in the past year, miles of coastline for which they shore-based aircraft. In inshore have to operate in far from ideai •vcr fast and less manoeuvrable Bates said. he said. The Australian Capital are responsible. The development waters, however, it can be done conditions. uickly removable inspection "I have had occasion from time Territory division was formed at of maritime and coastal defence effectively and economically by These same aircraft will in every \incls give complete accessibility to time to refer in public addresses aircraft is obviously of great im- small aircraft operating from way be suitable for inshore patrol- t'i the power plant- seven men to the origin and history of the portance to those countries, where coastal airstrips. When, however, of coastal waters generally. •in work comfortably around the The Scamcw pioneers a return Navv League of Australia. I find large areas of coastal waters have the convoy finds itself in a sub- In peacc time, aerial supervision lose of the aircraft and a com- to simplicity, the need for which in N.S.W. that records arc very to be patrolled. marine - infested area, it must be of isolated stretches of coastline is pete engine change can be is beginning to be widely appre- sparse indeed. I suspect that this Experience in the last war defended promptly by the largest politically important, and there arc ichieved in little over an hour. ciated in aeronautical circles all may he so in other divisions. I showed that underwater attacks on possible number of aircraft brought the problems of Customs evasion, An advantage of the turbo-prop over the world. Aircraft designers ask all of you to take steps as soon shipping came as near to bringing into action as speedily as possible. air/sea rescue, communications and ngine is its ability to operate on arc beginning to concentrate on as possible to examine the records Britain to defeat as any other For this purpose, reinforce- general reconnaissance. Many of erosene or low-grade petrol. the problems of light weight and of your divisions and ensure that thev arc adequately kept. single offensive action undertaken ments of long-range, shore-based the tasks I have mentioned have to A special form of undercarriage low cost without sacrificing opera- "It would be a great help if the by Germanv, and it seems likely aircraft cannot be depended upon be carried out by countries who •as been designed for the Seamew. tional efficiency. Military aviation N.S.W., Victorian, and South that submarine attacks on convoys for they would take several hours cannot afford to spend vast sum= The main legs completely eliminate is reaching the point where high Australian divisions, which were carrying supplies will continue to to reach the scene of action. of monev on military aircraft. ounce when landing—this is very performance and the provision of in being before the formation of plav a part in war. Carrier-borne aircraft operating The difficulties which face such mportant in the case of a landing much complex equipment arc not the Navy League of Australia, Defence against submarines is with the convoy are the real and nations in equipping their air >n an aircraft-carrier in heavy the only criteria. Production would pool information on their mainly achieved by the concerted effective solution to this problem. forces have been carefully studied eas. or when putting down on potential and lower costs are be- respective histories with the Fede- action of surface vessels and air- In view of the large numbers of by Short Brothers and Harlanti improvised airstrips. The under- ginning to tilt the balance.* ral secretary."* THE NAVY 4 Jenuery, ltS4. LET'S LOOK AT RUSSIA'S NAVAL By MURRAY McGREGOR (in Johannesburg) When on June 1) the Queen reviewed her Beet and the foreign STRENGTH warship* drawn up in her honour at Spithead, the ship that attracted most attention was the Russian cruiser "Sverdlov." This is not tack in Kronstadt harbour that she surprising. Not only is the "Sverdlov" a striking ship but the fact of had to be beached in a hurry, but her presence was important. For of all the navies of the world the as her big gun turrets were still one that least is known about is that of Russia, officially known as the usable she became a sort of fort Red Fleet. for the defence of the place. It FEW months before the First About some Russian ships we would have been possible for the A Lord of the Admiralty, in know quite a lot. These are ships Russians to rebuild her, but it introducing the Navy Estimates, that used to belong to foreign seems thit they have not done so, startled his fellow members of the navies or are still relics of the old probably thinking (very wisely, House of Commons and the public C;arist Navy. Since the war the too) that the time, money and when he said that the Russians Russians have acquired so many effort would he better spent in now had the second largest navy ships from former enemies that building a new ship. in commission in the world (the their fleet could almost be called The two remaining ships of the largest is the United States Navy) by the name once given to the class have a displacement of 23.500 Many people thought that he French Navy, a Navy of Samples. tons and were designed for a speed meant that the Red Fleet was now Thus of their battleships the of 23 knots, but it is doubtful stronger than the Roy.il Navy but. most powerful known to be in whether they could reach IS to- fortunately, that is not so. The existence is the NovorossiV She day. Their armament consists of Royal Navy is still much stronger was originally the Italian battle- 12 12-inch guns in four turrets. than the Russian Navy, but a large ship Guiulio Cesare, which was 16 4.7-inch and 10 3-inch high- proportion of its ships are laid up launched as far back as 1911. but angle guns, with a number of in reserve, while most of the Rus- was so completely rebuilt during smaller anti - aircraft weapons sian ships are kept permanently in 1933-37 as to become almost a new- Their armour is not heavy, with commission. This gives them an ship. She is now a ship of 26.14(1 a maximum thickness of 9} inches advantage as it me.-ns that their tens, mounting an armament of on the side, a 3-inch deck and 12- ships are instantly ready for war. ten 12.6-inch guns, with a num- inch on the turrets. while the crews being always at- ber of smaller and anti-aircraft From the Finnish Navy the Rus tached to their ships get more ex- weapons. Her speed after recon- sians acquired the coast-service perience than if they were to be struction was 27 knots, but she battleship Vamomotun, which they hurriedly drafted to them in an could probably not do more than renamed Viborg. She is an in- * H M At K'l^r " ' - — ~ - emergency. 2 J to-day. She is not as stoutly teresting little ship although quite protected as British or U.S. ships, useless for fleet operations. On Certainly the smartness of the having a belt of 10 inches in thick- a displacement of only 3900 tons 'ess than a capital ship. laid down at Leningrad, was. like for Baltic operations. Some re- Sverdlov and the efficiency of her ness with a 5-inch armoured deck she mounts four long 10-inch guns These are the known Russian the Sot'.etHi Soviis. hadlv damaged ports crcdit her with a main arma- crew at the review seem to show and 11 inches in her four big tur- in two turrets, also eight 4.1-inch attlcships: what other might while on the stocks by German air ment of nine 16-ineh guns, other* that there is nothing wrong with rets. high-angle guns in four small tur :herc be? First there is th t great atttcks: the fourth unit of the class wi-:ld have it that she has six 16- the quality of the ships and seamen Even older arc the Gangout and rets and a number of Bofors and -hip of which so many conflicting seems never to have been laid inch guns in two turrets plus of the Soviet Union. If the Red Sevastopol, survivors of a class of Oerlikon light A.A. guns. She reports have been received, the down at all. The Soyus herself launching apparatus for flying- Fleet has many more ships and four built between 1909 and 1914. has only 2-inch armour on her soncts^' Sovtis (i.e., Soviet has been variously described as bomhs or V2 rockets -altogether men like those on view at Spit- one of which, as the Marat, was side, 4 inches on the big turrets Union). She was laid down under being complete and in service, as a most formidable ship and more head then it must be a formidable present at the 1937 Coronation and an armoured deck of J-inch he name of Trett: International having been broken up on the than a match on paper for Britain's force. Just how big the Russian Review, where she caused interest But her diesel-electric engines give (i.e.. Third International) in 1938 stocks, as having been launched greatest battleship, the Vanguard. Navy is nobody really knows. and amusement by what Oscar her a speed of 15 knots with a it Leningrad, one of a class rf in 1945 but not yet complete"'. If the Russians have succeeded in The Sverdlov is about the only Parkes described as "her hammer wide range of action, while her •our. The incomplete hull of one Originally planned as a 45.500-ton completing two ships of this class ship to have become visible from funnel and her sickle bow." She light craft fits her for operation' f them, the Krasnava Bessarabia, ship, she is now stated bv those thev wo'ild make her Baltic Fleet behind the Iron Curtain for many had been built as the Petropaw- almost anywhere in the shallow vas destroyed bv the Russi-ns who believe in her exirtcnce *o b- a powerful force. years, so much of the information Ii'iksH and resumed her former waters of the Baltic. Her heavy herr selves when thev abandon-*'' 1 J 45.000-ton battleship. Her sne--- Another battleship that might about the Russian Navy in navil name shortly before the war. She armament would make her ar Nicolaiev to the Germans in 1941: is reported as "high—over 30 have been added to the Red Fleet reference books is mere guesswork. was so badly damaged by air at- awkward customer for anythinc another, the Stana Sovetov, also knots," her draft shallow to fit her is the former German battleship

THE NAVY January, 1954. » battlcship" Deutschbnd. renamed carrier or two, in view of the . tuitiSiiwu, one of the pair whose She was handed to Russia under ing and repairing sunken ships, so nearly 40 knots, which have prob- Lutzow by Hitler shortly after the great importance attached to this rackpe up the English Channel in he terms of the Italian Peace it is on the cards that they have ably been given a new armament war started. Like the other Ger- class of ship to-day. J"^!bruary. 1942, caused such com- Treaty. Then the ex-German succeeded in making good use of of Russian guns as they were taken man 44 Thus -he was in a had -ervice. the Lutzow and the Seyd- Fleet's Baltic squadrons, of which Somewhat smaller arc the British- way when the Russians r.used he r full speed of 26 knots and the of 12.soo tons and 34 knots speed, Iits, which are said to have been H they would be by far the most designed. Italian - built ex- enormous radius of 21 * I miles they each carry twelve 6-inch gun- last year and it is doubtful -enamed Petroparloi'sH and Pol- powerful cruisers. Roumanian destroyers Regele Fer- ..t a speed of in knots without re- in four turrets. The later units whether they have been able to tava. dinand and Regina Mana, now rebuild her. Originally she was fuelling; she was armed with six of the class arc said to be 1000 The Russians have always liked The former was given to Russia called the Letutshi and the Litshoi. a ship of 51.VK) tons and 32 knots 11-inch guns in two turret-, .-ight tons larger and to mount 7.1-inch big, heavily-armed destroyers and ;nder the Non-Aggression Agree- of MOO tons and 35 knots, with speed, mounting nine 11-inch gun- 5.9-inch gun- and numerous anti- guns instead of 6-inch. The sole of these there are a good number ment of 1939 and the latter was five 4.7-inch guns and six tubes. in three turrets .'nd many smaller, aircraft weapons Her armour obvious weakness of these ships is in their fleets. Besides their own -cizcd in a sunken condition when Of about the same size and speed strong armour protection (14 in was light. 3-inch on her sides and that their main armament is in big ships of the Leningrad and he Russians occupied Koenigs- are about a dozen ships that used on belt and turrets and several 5J-inch mi her turret- with a deck capable of being used for anti Stalin classes, ships of about 2500 urg. The Germans claim that to belong to the German. Japanese 3-inch armoured decks) and a of Ij-inch, yet she was a formid- aircraft lire, whereas in practically tons and 38 knots speed, mounting :hcy sank the cx-Lutzou' during and Italian fleets. The oldest .wide radiu- of action. If the able ship and if properly handled all cruisers built in other coun- five or six 5.1 -inch guns with many 'heir attack on Russia ?nd that the units of this type arc seven of the RtKsians have managed to restore could have done much damage to tries since the war. such as the anti-aircraft weapons and eight or vSevdlitz was so badly damaged 1300-ton ships of the Karl Lieb- her to her old state she would be the sea-borne trade of her enemies. U.S.S. Worcester and the French nine torpedo tubes, they have also iefore the Russians got her that Unecht class, once the pride of the a fine reinforcement to their Baltie Of greater importance than De Grasse. the mam guns are on a number of similar ships taken -he could not have been rebuilt. Czarist Navy, mounting four 4- Fleet. battleship^ under modern condi- high-angle mounting. from the navies of their former These two ships were sisters to the inch guns each and nine torpedo tions are aircraft-carriers. The Srerdlovs arc good ships, enemies. Thus they have four of Two other well-known German I'nnz Eugen. which accompanied tubes and still probably capable of superior on paper to the Superb. the big German destroyers of the ships might have been raised. The So far as is known the Red the Sefiarnhorst and the Gneueruiti doing 25 knots. Colony and Town classes which \'dr»'ik or similar types, of 2400 first is the old battleship Schlesu-ig- Fleet has none, although for many • n the escape from Brest, and form the bulk of the Royal Navy's to 2600 tons, a speed of 36 knots Holstem. a pre-Dreadnought that years Jane's Fighting Shifts, the ".hich was later used by the United Of sea-going torpedo boats and cruiser force and matched only by and mounting four or five 5-inch fought at Jutland in 1916 and was famous naval annual, listed one, S-atcs in the atomic bomb tests at escort ships thev have a large num- the Bel fast, the biggest British or 5.9-inch guns, with a powerful later made into a training ship, in the Stalin of 12.000 tons, as Bikini. They were all ships of ber, about 80 in all. both Russian cruiser. A.A. armament and eight torpedo which capacity she visited South "building," but has ceased to do '4.600 tons with a speed of 32 built and taken over from other These Russian cruisers are en- tubes. Thev also have at least • Africa in 1959 a few months be- so now. The incomplete hull of Hots, armed with eight 8-inch navies. Thev mav even have an larged editions of the seven ship- two ex-Japanese destroyers of fore war broke out. She took pan the German carrier Graf Zeppelin, 'ns in four turrets, twelve 4.1- ex-British frigate the Lar^. sister of the Kiror class, each of which about the same size but a speed of in operations against Poland in launched in 1938 at Kiel and sunk mch high-angle guns and many to the \ereide which was for in 1942 at Stettin, was supposed on a tonnage of RROO mounts nine I9J9. but was not active after 7.1-inch guns in three turrets and • iall A.A. guns. Their armour that . She was sunk .it ' Idynia to have been raised by the Russians v is good for cruisers, being a belt and taken to Kronstadt for com- has a speed of 35 knots. An older in 1944 Even if reports that she 3-inch armour. 5J-inch on the pletion. She is reported to have ship is the Krasni Kat'^as. of 800(1 had been raised and added to the t rrcts and two armour decks of foundered while on tow to the tons mounting 7.1-inch gnns and Red Fleet under the name of 1' inch plating, with extremely Russian naval base. She was de- with her original speed of 30 knots Borodino or Orel (both good old <1 internal sub-division. The signed as a ship of nearly 20,000 probably reduced to about 25 by Russian battleship names) arc true, 1 man naval annual. Wevcr's tons with a speed of 34J knots, now Several older and smaller she would not he of mueh value "I ischenbtich der Krieesflt'tten. with 4-inch armour on her sides cruisers also exis'. mounting vary- to them. A ship of I J,OfK) tons, • vs that one of these ships may and 3-inch on the flight-deck, ing numbers of 5.1-inch guns, too she was built in 1906 and her in a state of completion but carrying a much heavier gun old and slow for cruiser work but original 1RJ knots would probably it even that is doubtful: the armament than British or Ameri- still in service as training ships. not be more than 14 or 15 to-dav. i nch annual Flnttes de Combat can carriers and with a capacity All the above are Russian built, She carried four 11-inch guns with - vs that one or perhaps Kith exist, of some 40 planes: a good ship but the Red Fleet also include* some smaller guns and her armour th a new main armament of ten but probably not as good as the several ships which it got from was 9}-inch belt and II-inch on I -inch guns: while Jane thinks 23,000-tonners of the Indomitable other navies. Chief of them is the the turrets. The second ship : it both arc complete and that class. Even if the Russians have Stalingrod. ex-Italian cruiser Duca would be of far more value to the ~-ir new armament is of twelve not succeeded in salvaging her it d'Aosta, of 8660 tons and 36 knots Russians if they rebuilt her. She 1 inch guns! Anvone who has would not be surprising if they speed, with a main armament of is the ship that was famous some studied Russian naval history were to try to acquire an aircraft- eight 6-inch guns in four turrets twenty years ago as the "Packet- 1 lows that they are adepts at rais- THE NAVY 10 January, 1996. many years on the South Atlantic They were one of the chief de- Red Fleet is a formidable force. Station. She was badly damaged fences of the Russian coast against It is especially strong in cruisers, by torpedo at Murmansk in 1944 the British and French Fleets in destroyers, submarines and mine- and abandoned, but is stated to the Crimean War a century ago, layers, just the sort of ships to have been salvaged by the Russians while in the Russo-Japanese War prey on the sea-borne commerce and put into service again. If so of 1904-05 the chief losses suffered of an enemy. The navies of the she would be about the best ship by the Japs were caused by Rus- Western powers are making great of that type that the Russians sian mines. It is, therefore, not efforts to eradicate the danger from possess, being of 1470 tons with surprising that the Russian fleet attack by mine and submarine, but a speed of 19 knots, and with a to-day includes a large number of the danger of gunfire attacks main armament of six 4-inch high- ships fitted to lay mines. Besides should not be forgotten. Think angle guns. the submarines mentioned above, of the plight of a convoy that was Then we come to the Red Fleet's most of their destroyers and many being escorted by anti-submarined submarines, and here the Iron Cur- of their cruisers are fitted for mine- frigates and minesweepers if it tain is at its most impenetrable. laying, while they have a large were to be attacked by a couple Estimates of the number of Rus- number of special minelayers. of Sverdlovs! sian submarines in service vary Among these there is one that from 200 to 800. It is probable must be one of the oldest ships One big weakness of the Russian that about 300 is about correct, actively employed in any nav/. naval situation must be remem- but whether all of them are sea- This is the Marti, built in Den- bered : that it is of necessity going or whether that figure rep- mark in 1893 as the Czar's royal divided into two major and two resents the total number in service yacht Standart, but cleverly re- minor sections, separated from is more difficult to say with any constructed as a minelayer in 1936. each other by continents and certainty. For the Russians have She is now a ship of 5800 tons which would be totally cut off for many years been building small with a speed of 18 knots, carrying from each other by war. Their submarines for coast defence, ships four 5.1-inch guns, many light big fleets are those in the Baltic which arc able to be moved from A.A. guns and 500 of her deadly and Black Seas, while smaller divi- one coast to another by means of "eggs." sions are in the Pacific and the White Sea. The Russians have the canal and river systems of Hundreds of motor - torpedo built canals linking many of their Russia. They also have a num- boats, motor patrol vessels, mine- rivers with the White Sea, Baltic ber of German-type midget sub- sweepers, river gunboats and such and Black Sea. These canals and marines. craft round off their fishing fleet, rivers are not navigable by big Their seagoing submarines also while their navy also includes ships: only by small craft such as include a number of German ships many depot ships, tenders, tankers, motor-torpedo boats, launches and that were seized in various Baltic icebreakers, training ships and small coastal submarines, of which ports after the collapse of Hitler's other non-fighting ships. Among Russia has built many. regime. Moreover, they got hold these is the sister to the Italian of a number of German engineers full-rigged training ship Amengo So much for the material side and technicians who were busy in Vespucci, which attracted so much of Russia's Navy. What about the large-scale building of U-Boats. attention in the recent Spithead its men? In the Russo-Japanese and it is thought that these men Review She is the cx-Cristoforo War the Russian Fleets, although are now busy building submarines Colombo, given to Russia by Italy much stronger on paper than these of the latest German types for the in terms of the peace treaty. opposed to them, proved no match Russians. It is, therefore, reason- What her new name is is not for the Japs. This showed that able to suppose that most Russian known for certain, but it might their leadership and efficiency must submarines are to-day fitted with well be Touarish, after a full- have been less than that of the the Schnorkel breathing tube, with rigged training ship that the Rus- Japanese. There seems to have > *mb.r, of Hw R.A.N. Gam. RsJting Cklb display tK»ir catch of tu. Walther turbines to give them sians used to have. Another is been a marked improvement since recent fama flhinfl competition at latamao'f greater underwater speeds, with the ex-German Gorch Foc\, one then. The Russians have a large Bay, N.S.W. acoustic or other "homing" tor- of the three that Hitler's navy number of good training ships in pedoes and with minelaying ap- built, another of which is to-day commission, and the handling of paratus. the Eagle of the United States' the Sverdloti at Spithead left 1 >st foreign observers was the plans on any assumption of in- efficient and then see to it that our Coastguard, the third being the nothing to be desired. When the 'hnical skill of the Russians. At Under-sea Mines efficiency or incompetence on the own navies are always kept at the Guanahara of the Brazilian Navy. Germans attacked Russia in 1941 ny rate, it would be most dan- The Russians have always been part of Russia's naval personnel highest pitch of efficiency pos- one of the things that surprised raus to base any of our defence fond of the use of under-sea mines. It is obvious, therefore, that the We should credit them with being sible* —"Tka Sailor," JoImmimW,. *nuery, ItU. It THE NAVY II according tolVess messages from First Officer Joan Washington. Cole, who hei re- NEWS OF TIE WOILI'S NAVIES turned to the U.K. The project will climax U.S. efter being on loen participation in the 1957-58 inter- to the R.A.N., with national geophysical year. the Flog Officer in "No need for panic" Comprehensive measures had Engineering. Admiralty, and the charge Eest Aus- latter by Mrs. Geoffrey Robson, The Aerojet General Corpora- trelien Aree, Reer- in A-bomb attack been devised for the protection Admiral H. J. wife of Vice-Admiral William G. tion of Azusa, California, will Kith of ships at sea and shore- build a liquid motor for the second Buchanan (right) The opinion that there was no based communities. A. Robson, C.B., D.S.O., D.S.C., and Commander C. need for panic concerning war- Flag Officer, Scotland. stage of the three-stage rocket. J. Stevenson ot e time atomic attacks if proper pre- The ideally-defended community The satellite, large enough to recent film preview. ashore would be one from which First Officer Cole cautions were taken was empha- Particulars of the two ships are: hold, scientific instruments, will w e s Director of sised at a conference of more than all but essential personnel could extreme length 310 feet (300 feet circle the earth every two hours W.R.A.N.S. 50 naval medical officers which ne speedily evacuated and in which between perpendiculars), beam of at a speed of 18,000 miles an hour. adequate underground earth, 33 feet: powered by geared steam It will be tracked from the was opened at H.M.A.S. Lonsdale, "To-day I dine with Admiral She will visit R.A.N, shore Port Melbourne, on December 13. steel, and concrete group shelters turbines of advanced design. They ground by optical and radio de- were provided for those who had arc armed with three Bofors guns, Grcme, who has also lost his establishments in different parts of Medical officers of the Royal vices. to remain. and two three-barrelled anti- right arm. and as the Com- the Commonwealth at which mem- Australian Navy and of the Royal The Glenn L. Martin Co.. of Dressings, drugs and foodstuffs submarine mortars of the same dc mander of the troops has lost bers of the W.R.A.N.S. arc Australian Naval Reserves in the Baltimore. Maryland, has Ken would have to be stock-piled in sign as those fitted in H.M.S. his leg. I expect we shall K stationed. South-East Australian Area at- awarded the basic contract for the enormous quantities and dis- Rocket. Each mortar can fire a caricatured as the lame de- Until recently she has been in tended. Professor R. R. H. launching rockct. It also will tributed among various areas. pattern of large projectiles with fenders of England." charge of the W.R.N.S. unit at Lovell, Professor of Medicine, and build the first stage, which will great accuracy, and the projectiles Nelson's secret plan for the the Royal Naval air station at Professor M. R. Ewing. Professor lift the satellite off the ground. Eight new craft can be set to explode at a pre- Battle of Trafalgar addressed to Arbroath. Scotland. She has Ken of Surgery, both of the University When the first stage exhausts its launched in U.K. determined depth. They can be Bayntun, Captain of the Leviathan, a first officer for five years. of Melbourne, and both of whom thrust it will drop back to earth Several ships and small .craft trained over a wider arc than pre- was bought for £A.338. and a served as medical officers in the and the second stage will take over. Australian training ship were launched from yards in the vious types of anti-submarine mor- chart of the Distinguishing Pen- Royal Navy during the Second It will be succeeded by the third for cadet-midshipmen United Kingdom during Septem- tars. dants and Orders of Sailing of the World War, were also present. stage, which will carry the satel- fleet Kfore Trafalgar brought ber and October. The A/D frigate is H.M.S. lite into outer space. In future, cadet - midshipmen The R.A.N. Medical Director- £A.250. Among other Nelson During September the follow- Llandatf, which was named by the Ten satellites will K launched who graduate from the Royal General. Surgeon Rear-Admiral papers sold was the Order of ing coastal and inshore mine- Countess Mountbatten of Burma, to make sure that at least some Australian Naval College will go Lionel Lockwood, presided. Battle for Trafalgar, and a full- sweepers and motor torpedo boats wife of the First Sea Lord. will reach outer space. direct to an R.A.N, training ship Films dealing with atomic were launched: page diagram of the Trafalgar in Australian waters instead of to The frigate is of 340 feet ex- The contract for the third-stage physics and protective measures attack. a Royal Navy training ship in the C.M.S. Somerleyton, Richards treme length and has a beam of rocket has not yet Ken awarded. were shown and addresses on the United Kingdom, as formerly. Ironworks Ltd., Lowestoft: C.M.S. 40 feet. She will be powered by New Director of science of atomics generally and Nelson's Trafalgar They will K sent to the Royal Aldington. Camper y Nicholson Admiralty standard range dicsel W.R.A.N.S. appointed metheds of defcncc against heat, Ltd.. Southampton: I.M.S. Dou-n- papers sold Naval College at Dartmouth engines. Her main armament will A new Director of the Women's blast and radiation were given bv ham, J. S. White Ltd., Cowes: Historical documents concern- (England) later. consist of two 4.5-inch guns and Royal Australian Naval Service Lieutenant - Commander V. G. M.T.B. Dar\ Avenger. Saunders ing Napoleon and Nelson dating The conversion of the anti- she will have two smaller guns. has Ken appointed as from March Jcrram. R A N., and Lieutenant Rev Ltd.. Anglesey: M.T.B. Dar\ from the first Italian campaign to submarine frigate Suian to a A. A. Andrews. R.A.N.. Kith of Invader. Morgan Giles Ltd., The following inshore mine the Battle of Trafalgar were offer- 12. training ship for cadet-midshipmen She is First Officer ElizaKth the R.A.N. Atomic. Biological and Teignmouth. sweeper and seaward defence Kiat ed for sale and bought at has Ken nearly completed at the Sothcrby's, London, this month. Hill, of the Women's Royal Naval Chemical Dcfence School at Bal- In OctoKr three frigates were were accepted into Naval service Garden Island Naval Dockyard They formed part of the collec- Service, who will serve in the moral (N.S.W.). launched, two anti - submarine after being fitted out recently: in Sydney and the vessel will K tion of manuscripts sent from New acting-rank of Chief Officer, and Surgeon • Commander K. C. frigates and one aircraft direction I.M.S. Edlingliam. William commissioned early in February. York by the executors of the late will succeed Acting Chief Officer Armstrong. R.A.N.. Medical frigate (a new type). Wcathcrhead &> Sons. Cockcnzic: Sixty cadets who passed out of Andre dc Coppct. Joan Cole, who will return to the Officer-in-Chargc of the School of The anti-submarine frigates are S.DB. Mavford, Richards Iron- the Naval College on DecemKr Among the sales was a letter United Kingdom after having been Aviation Medicine at the R A N. H M S Blackwood, launched from works Ltd.. Lowestoft. 7 will join her for her first train- written by Nelson to his uncle on loan to the Royal Australian Air Station at Nowra (N S W ), ihc shipyards of Messrs. J. I. ing cruise. U.S. lets contract Kforc he lost his right hand, de- Navy from the Royal Navy for said that despite the tremendous Thornvcmft or Co. Ltd.. of Wool- The Minister for tK Navy, Sir scribing the Battle of St. Vincent, two and a half years. power and danger of atomic •t'li. Southampton and H.M.S. for earth satellite Eric Harrison, said that. Kcause and another letter written by First Officer Hill's appointment weapons we were by no means Ma'rnlm. launched from tlx- var ' The U.S. Navy last month let changes had Ken made in the 1 Nelson in 1800 about the British was announced by the Minister for defenceless against them. A vast of Messrs. Yarrow tr Co. Ltd n contract for the construction of entry-system and training of cadet- Blockadc of Malta. A third let- the Navy, the Right Hon. Sir Eric amount of study and investiga- The former was named b»' Ladv part of the rocket which will take midshipmen of the Royal Navy, ter. amusing and delightful and Harrison. tion had been devoted to atomic MacLarcn. wife of Sir Hamis^ the first man-made carth-circlim: alterations had Kcome necessary written to Emma Hamilton, was She arrived in Melbourne from do/cncc. both at sea and ashore. MacLarcn. Director of Elrc'rical satellite 200 miles into outer space. in the Australian system and had sold for £A.275. It stated: England in the Orion last month.) Continued an peso IB THE NAVY 14 January. IffA, II Hobart Rac*

SYDNEY YAWL WINS BLUE-WATER CLASSIC

HE Royal Australian Navy All yachts encountered calm T sloop, Tom O'ShaaUr. seas and little wind throughout made no ripples on the sea of their 680-mile journey. space in newspaper columns re- The 52-ft. Victorian cutter porting the 680-mile Sydney- Winston Churchill, skippered by Hobart yacht race. Victoria's Minister for Transport, But she was right with the Mr. A. G. Warner, made a leaders three days out of Sydney. dramatic bid at one stage in the At that stage she was ahead of racc by sailing more than 50 miles the Tasmanian cutter, N'" out to sea in a gamble to pick up Gu'vnne — which finished fourth a strong south-cast breeze which in the race. But Tam O'Shanter would have enabled her to stand dropped out from then on and in for Hobart on the one tack. finished at the rear of the field. Winston Churchill's gamble Tarn OS hunter is a Bermuda failed. sloop which the Royal Australian Naval College uses for training Crew members from all yachts cadet midshipmen in sailing. reported after the racc that it had been a placid and almost dull time. Officers from the Naval College sailed her in the race. The only drama occurred when The 34-ft. Sydney yawl, a 12-ft shark attacked the Even Moonbi won the coveted first place off the Tasmanian coast during the on handicap, followed by Coo- final stages. rovba, a 35-ft. South Australian The shark raked and scarred sloop, and the 42-ft Sydney sloop the hull in the attack. Janzoon. Details of times and corrected The 57-ft. Sydney cutter Even times for the leading yachts were: took line honours in a thrilling and bitterly contested racc from Even. 4 days 18 hours 13 Kurreu'd IV, a 64-ft. cuttcr from minutes 14 seconds; Kiirreu'ii IV, Victoria. 4 days 18 hours 33 minutes 42 Even and Kurrcu'j /V vied for seconds; \ell Gwynne. 4 days 21 rVi. lead from the time the yachts hours 5 minutes 5 seconds; So'o. left Sydney until they approached 4 days 23 hours 10 minutes 31 the Derwent River. seconds; Coorovbd, 5 days 14 minutes 42 seconds; Moonbi, 5 One of Australia's greatest days 1 hour 28 minutes 24 yachtsmen. Jock Muir. co-skipper seconds; Janzoon, 5 days 2 hours of Even, ttxik the honours when 41 minutes 21 seconds; Southern he out-manoeuvred Kurrewa IV Myth. 5 davs 3 hours 11 minutes down the last 40 miles to the 8 seconds: Carol /.. 5 days 3 hours finishing line. 50 minutes 53 seconds. The 57ft. cutter "Even" with star- SANTA WAS DELAYED coast—but the children got their houses from Port Albert Muir even doused his lights to board beem ewesh heedl south Christmas toys. towards Tesmenie outside Sydney BY ROUGH SEAS avoid giving away his position to On corrected times Moonbi won Heeds et the stert of the Sydney The lighthouses arc at Wilson's Kurrewa IV when the two big by 12 minutes from Cooroybd to Hobert yacht race. She Promontory, Cliffy Island, and crossed the finishing line first, Santa was late getting Christ- cutters were fighting for the lead with Janroon almost 4 hours be- but "Moonbi" won the roc* on Deal Island. mas mail and food to families at a few miles from the finish short- hind Coorovba, and Net' Cw\mne handicap. The 40-foot ketch Alpha, which Tor^, ly before dawn on December 31. an hour behind the third yacht.® three lighthouses on the Victorian docs the mail run to the light- times a

I* THE NAVY January, 195*. I NEWS OF THE WORLD S NAVIES service training with the Royal two top floors of the Admiralty I Continued from page 15 Australian Navy on Monday. building in Whitehall, London, on treated need for the R A N. to January 9. December 8. Australia's Hospital Ship Giit To india provide training ship of it- own. One hundred and fifty-five of A worker in the transport sec- In the Swan, as in the Royal them will be University and tech- tion of the Admiralty discovered *Javy training ship 111 the past, nical school students. the blaie at 2.4'i a.m. adet-midshipmcn would perform The Minister for the Navy. Sir Within a few minutes dense all the dutie- normally done by Erie Harrison, said that the 445 smoke and vivid flames were ratings to obtain the knowledge youths who were not student- coming from the roof. and experience required to tit them would complete their training in The -kv over the West End |o direct and control the men who 154 consecutive days ending on reflected a deep orange glow. vould eventually -erve under June m. hut the students would Among those who watched were |hem. serve for two separate periods of the Fir-t Sea Lord and Chief of At the end of their training in 77 days each. the Naval Staff. Admiral Earl |hc Suan they would go to the They would finish their first MiiuntKitten. and the First Lord [loyal Naval College at Dart- period on March 25 and would of the Admiralty. Mr. J. P. L. nouth as midshipmen for lfi do their second period i:i the fir-t Thomas. lonths. and. after they had been three months of 1957. No casualties were reported. promoted sub-lieutenants, those The interval in their training No information yet Vho were to he executive officers had been arranged so that their on peroxide sub. officers of the Supply and Sec- studies would be interfered with Although she was launched 111 etariat Branch would return to as little as possible. March. 1954, no information on \ustralia for more sea-training. A hundred and sixty students the success or otherwise of the Those who were to specialise in who completed the first part of trials of the submarine Explorer ngincerinu would remain in the their training last March would have been released, says Oscar [Jnited Kingdom longer. begin the second part on the same P.irkes in the London "Navy." date as youths in the new call-up It will be remembered that the ntbatten sees a began their training. U.S. \duti!us was launched in Ist-eamlined" navy Sir Eric Harrison added that January. 1954. without her atomic- the training of naval national ser- A streamlined Navy with ships plant aboard, was running her vicemen was done at H.M.A.S. carry guided missiles was en trials in January. 1955. and had Penguin. Balmoral (N.S.W.). lisaged by Lord Mounthatten. proved herself for commissioning H.M.A.S. Leeuu'in. Frcmantle ntain's first Sea Lord, at the in April, he adds. (W A ). Flinders Naval Depot. punching of the frigate LUindajj "The Americans did not think Crib Point (Vic.), and other shore the Tyne. much of the Walthcr peroxide tur- establishments and in ships of the bine and turned to atomic power Lord Mounthatten said the ob- Fleet. tive was a streamlined Navy of for high endurance and under- water speed, and it is to be hoped kips to carry guided missiles, with New "Forrestal" Class Irger ships to follow. He hoped that our two experimental boats ready in July will justify themselves. would be possible to persuade liphuilding firms to dovetail these The United States carrier "Meanwhile we arc proceeding oposed n-w naval ships between Saratoga, second of the "Fores- with eight large conventional boats : big tankers now building. tals," has been floated out of the of the 'Porpoise' class intended, graving dock at the New York | The Llandaff is one of a new like their predecessors, for mine- yard and should be ready for de- laying of which it is understood of air direction frigate, and livery next July. that the Porpoise, Naru'hal and ill be powered by diesel engines. Although generally similar to Rorqual are in hand at Barrow, is one of five frigates ordered her predecessor she will be of the Grampus. Sealion and Whale i the Tync. greater power and higher speed at Birkenhead, and the Cachelot and cost £7}.900.000. at Scott's Greenock yard. They draft of N.S.T.'s nees have each received £4J. will be completed in 'the next year this month or two' according to the First Sea b» „,-„ I • c j / L ' 'eceniiy unaer me Colombo Plan, is shown [Six hundred youths from all Big fire damage Lord, and be our last conventional e. en M lVo TV ""'/a'^^ ° !".»». Mr. M. H.ywo„h n

THE NAVY 19 line, the border of the area claimed munist China. The icebreaker will anchor off MARITIME NEWS OF THE by South Korea as territorial The South Korean Government the coast for about three weeks water. spokesman claimed that Com- while the two parties settle in. The spokesman said the cutter munist China, North Korea, and The ship will be back in Hobart seized one of the fishing boats, Japan had joined together in an at the end of February. put four coastguards aboard, and aggressive pact to encircle South took it in tow. Korea. New link with Soon after, six armed Chinese "Cutty Sark" Communist ships appeared and French expedition to opened fire on the cutter, which Adelie Land After years of fruitless efforts From our Correspondents in to trace surviving memb rs of the returned the fire. Fourteen French scientists left LONDON and NEW YORK family of Captain John Willis— The exchange of fire lasted more Hobart on December 26 for Adelie "Old White Hate"—for whom By than five hours, he said. Land, Antarctica, in the Nor- the famous ship Cutty Sarit was wegian icebreaker Morsel. AIR MAIL The spokesman added: "When built on Clydeside in the 1860's, the Chinese ships made their The expedition, which spent chance has solved the problem. escape they took with them the five days in Hobart, will carry out "In short, we cannot afford to designed in Melbourne to house Australian Alan Villiers, "Kista Dan" leaves fishing boat carrying the four upper atmospherical research at neglect this region, for no one can t.ie aircraft. author, sailor, and a Governor of for Antarctic coastguards." two bases. predict what importance it may Mr. Casey said Australia was the Cutty Sar\ Society, chanced The Polar motorship Kista Dan assume in the next fifty years." making a notable contribution to Press reports state that South One base is on the coast of to meet in Montreal Mr. Sydney left Melbourne on December 27 Mr. Casey said that the Kista the programme of Antarctic re- Korea has described the engage- Adelie Land, at Pointe Geologie, Appleton, son of a Trinity Pilot on Australia's most important mis- search for the International Geo- ment as "an act of war" by Com- and the other 400 miles inland. who lived in Deal, Kent, who re- sion to Antarctica. Dan, which had just returned from relieving the Australian station at physical Year. Nearly 1000 people stood in Macquarie Island, would land the Australia's preparations were drizzling rain to farewell her. relief party of 19 men, under Mr. more advanced than those of other The ship will land a relief party William Bewsher, at Mawson. countries which would maintain at Australia's permanent base at stations in Antarctica. Mawson in MacRobertson Land, Before this, it would explore, as far as ice conditions permitted, the Preparations had been going on reconnoitre large tracts of coast- at Mawson since last year. line where man has never set foot, coast of Wilkes Land, in the The experience gained by Aus- and choose a site for a second Australian sector, which had been tralians in cross-country journeys Australian base. photographed from the air but never visited by man. with tracked snow vehicles would This expansion of Australian The ship, under the direction be of considerable value to the activity will be part of the Com- Trans-Antarctic Expedition which, monwealth contribution to the of the Director of the Antarctic Division of the Department of under the leadership of Dr. Vivian International Geophysical Year be- Fuchs. would cross the continent ginning June, 1957. External Affairs. Mr. Phillip G. Law. would also choose the site during the International Geo- The International Geophysical for the second Australian station, physical Year. Year is a special year in which at Vestfold Hills. "Australia's interest in the many nations co-operate in a wide Antarctic has been maintained for range of scientific research. This station, about 350 miles east of Mawson, would provide a two generations, and the last nine The Minister for External Af- years have seen a steadily growing valuable intermediate station be- fairs, Mr. R. G. Casey, before the scientific interest," Mr. Casey said. ship sailed, said that the Australian tween Mawson and the proposed sector of Antarctica was of vital American and Russian bases on Chinese Capture the Knox Coast of Antarctica. importance. Korean coastguards ' "It lies close to Australia's back Mr. Casey said the relief ex- door," he said. pedition would carry a de Havil- Chinese Communist ships on "Meteorologically, the region is land Beaver aircraft, equipped Christmas Day fired on a South of great value, because Australia's with floats and skis, for recon- Korean coastguard cutter and took weather, more than that of any naissance flights. four coastguards captive. other country, is influenced by The Beaver would be left at A South Korean Government conditions in the Antarctica. Mawson to carry out aerial survey- spokesman said the coastguard "There is also the possibility ing during the coming Antarctic cutter discovered 14 Chinese Com- munist vessels fishing in South that it holds appreciable mineral winter. Y.eM. gatSar around Hit eonraHo H.M>i. "Waffa," wkich fafthip for tin fttfcntor regatta ill Iralm lay (N-S.W.| wealth and other natural resources. A special steel hangar had been Korean waters—inside the Rhee

THC NAVY January, IW, «t called that as a boy he used to the expedition lands in the An- The Minister for External Personalities He entered the Royal Australian play with a nephew of Captain tarctic. Affairs, Mr. R. G. Casey, handed Naval College in 1935 and was Willis. the ship over to India's High SIR JOHN COLLINS IS commander was announced in the This nephew's widow, Mrs. Appendix out in Commissioner, General K. M. made a Cadet-captain. He be- Kirkaldy Willis, was found living gale at sea Cariappa, on November 29 at XEW N. LEAGUE CHIEF came a midshipman in January, 1939, sub-lieutenant in 1940, and near Deal and her son William, The Tasman liner Wanganella Man-o'-War steps, Sydney. The new Federal president of the Navy League of lieutenant in 1942. who lives in Kenya, readily agreed changed course at the height of a Mr Casey said that the Indian Australia, Vice-Admiral Sir John Collins, is one of Australia's to offer many interesting and 40-mile-an-hour gale on the night Government last year asked Aus- outstanding Naval officrs. He succeeds Commander (SI J. His first ship was H.M.A.S. D. Bates, who did not seek re-election. prized records of his ancestor's of December 4 so that a Sydney tralia if it could supply the ship. Canberra from which he proceed- famed clipper to the Cutty Sar^ surgeon could take out a passen- It is a gift under the Technical DMIRAL COLLINS WAS In January', 1948. he became ed to Malta to Join H.M.S. Society. These records and ger's appendix. Co-operation Scheme of the Chief of the Naval Staff and First Sussex in which he served till souvenirs arc on view at the A The surgeon. Dr. G. C. Short- Colombo Plan. born on January 7. 1899. Naval Member of the Australian September, 1940. In this ship he National Maritime Museum, He joined his first ship, H.M.S. served in the Mediterranean, took land, 35, a resident at Royal South The vessel is a wooden ship, Naval Board. Greenwich. Cjnada, in April. 1917, and saw part in the pursuit of the Graf Sydney Hospital, said: "The ship formerly the Ruena, 103 tons, and Admiral Collins was the first -ervice with the Grand Fleet. Spee. and on the East Indies Mexico asks for was plunging wildly at first. It now named Indaustral. Australian-trained officer to hold would have been impossible to He served in H.M.S. Renoicii station, in the escort of the first Jap fishermen Built about 1946, it operated as this appointment. operate. iuring the visit of the Duke and He was promoted to Vice- A.I.F. Convoy from Colombo to The Mexican Government has a sugar carrier along the Queens- Duchess of York in 1927. Aden. He did his courses in the "But the master. Captain H. S. Admiral on May 10. 1950, and in asked Japan for Japanese tuna land coast for its former owners, At the outbreak of war in 1939 latter part of 1940. returning to Norrie, did a marvellous job. He 1951 he was awarded the K BE fishermen, according to a Press re- the Fairymead Sugar Company. Admiral, then Captain, Collins Australia early in 1941. when he headed us down toward Tasmania, In 1953 his term as First Naval port from Tokyo. Total cost to the Commonwealth -as at the Navy Office as was appointed to H.M.A.S. and it was quite steady enough to Member was extended for the The request was made in a let- of the ship's purchase and refit A.C.N.S. and D.N.I. Hubart. operate." second time. He relinquished this ter to Mayor Yogaro Adachi, of was about £60,000. From November, 1939, to May. appointment in February. 1955. In Hubjrt he served in the Otaru, Hokkaido. The ship later landed the 1941, lie commanded H.M.A.S. It contains a modern operating Commander Keatinge Mediterranean, on the East Indies The letter did not disclose the patient, who was taken to hospital Sydney and was awarded the C.B. theatre and dispensary and £1000 Commander E. P. Keatinge. station, in the Java Sea. and then number of fishermen Mexico in Sydney. • n July. 1940. for his brilliant ser- worth of equipment. It can ac- whose promotion from lieutenant- in the Pacific with the Australian- wanted but offered to issue entry . ice in the Mediterranean, where India given Australian commodate about 20 patients, a New Year list of promotions, is United States Task Force 74. He permits immediately. lie made world-wide news by sink- hospital ship medical officer, orderlies and crew. officer-in-charge of the Torpedoe took part in the Battle of the ig the Italian cruiser Bartolomen Russia may buy Australia has presented a motor The Indaustral will be based on and Anti-submarine School at Coral Sea. the landing in the Colleoni. the "Georgic" vessel to India as a mobile hospital Port Blair in the Andamans, about H.M.A.S. Rushcutter (Sydney). Solomon Islands, and subsequent Russia may buy the 27,000-ton and medical dispensary in the 500 miles from the Indian main- In June, 1941. he was Chief of liner Georgic, which was with- Andaman and Nicobar Islands. land in the Bay of Bengal. *taff to the Commander-in-Chief drawn from the Australian China, and in January, 1942, as migrant service recently, says the Commodore commanding the London "Sunday Express." China Force, he directed all British VESSELS BUILT, SUPPED AND SERVICED. N'aval forces in the "ABDA The British Ministry of Trans- Area." port stated that it has received DIESEL, MARINE AND GENERAL ENGINEERING. several inquiries for the Georgic RIGGERS AND SHIPWRIGHTS. He later cleared Java of British hut it declined to disclose which All classes of repairs and conversion work carried out. 'lipping and civilians when the firms or countries were interested. ill became inevitable. MARINE INSTALLATIONS. MODERN SLIPWAY AVAILABLE In April, 1943, he took com- Spccial stamps FOR ALL TYPES OF CRAFT. • mand of H.M.A.S. Shropshire and from Antarctica >ok part in actions against the Four stamps of the current Falk l ipancse at Arawe, Cafie Glouccs- land Islands Dependencies series :r. the Admiralties and Hollandia. will be specially overprinted to A. & W. Engineering In June of that year he took honour the British Trans-Antarctic art in the operations at Sansapor, expedition. & Ship Repair Co. Morotai and in the re-occupation The stamps range in value from Ptg. Lid. f the Philippines. Id. to 6d. They show the polar He was.wounded in the action research ships Discovery I, Dis- CAREENING COVE, MILSON'S POINT covery II. Penola and Trepassy. •ff Leyte in October, 1944, and Each stamp also has a portrait Telephones: XB 167S and XB 4)87. • fter recovering resumed command 'f the Australian Squadron in July Vice-Admiral Sir John Collini. K.I.E.. C.I., nr Rreiident at the Navy leeguo of of the Queen. The overprinted After Hours: XJ 3213. Australia, it congratulated by the retiring Pmident. Commander J. D. Betel, stamps will be released on the day of that year. V.R.D.. R.A.N.V.R., »ho held office tinco IM0.

Jenuery. ItM. 22 THE NAVY a actions until the ship was tor- Dowson, of Elizabeth Bay (N.S.W). to lieutenant - comman- < .nffiths, of Woollahra (N.S.W.), Tarra. commanded by Lieutenant- four destroyers after a brilliant pedoed, in July, 1943. (N.S.W.), to captain. der. 0 lieutenant-commander (S.B.). and heroic fight to save two mer- In October of that year he was Lieutenant • Commander Eldred Lieutenant William Griffith Commander R. W. Rankin, Lieutenant Alexander Garrock chant ships and a small motor appointed to H.M.A.S. Shropshire Pottinger Keatinge, of Edged iff Dovey, of Vauduse (N.S.W ), te R.A.N., was attacked and sunk -teel, of Bexley (N.S.W), to minesweeper 100 miles south of and after a year's servicc in that (N.S.W.), to commander. lieutenant-commander. eutenant-commander. by three Japanese cruisers and the Java coast. ship proceeded to the United Lieutenant - Commander Daniel Lieutenant Thomas Russell Lieutenant Robert George Ive, Kingdom for a torpedo course. Buchanan, of Coonabarabran Vasey, of Sydney, to lieutenant >f Mt. Lawley (W.A.). to He qualified in July, 1945, and (N.S.W.), to commander. commander. then joined H.M.A.S. Australia Lieutenant-Commander Norman Lieutenant - Commander (L) 1 eutenant-commander in which he served until 1948. Harold Stephen White, of Manly Charles Short McVey, of Bris- Lieutenant David Henry Case, •f Bellerive (Tas.), to lieutenant- He again went to England in (N.S.W.), to commander. bane, to commander (L). immander. 1948 for anti submarine courses Lieutenant-Commander E. Peter Surgeon Lieutenant - Comman Lieutenant Basil Yaldwin Hall, and servicc with the Royal Navy. James Ashenden Daish. of Sydney dcr Edward Eric Keith Bottomley. of Armadale (V.), to lieutenant- Returning to Australia in 1951, (N.S.W.), to commander (E). of Hartwell (Vic.), to surgeon . >mmander. he served for two years at Navy Lieutenant - Commander Chris- commander. Officc Melbourne and was then topher Clement Connolly, of Lane Lieutenant (S.B.) David John appointed as First Lieutenant, Cove (N.S.W ), to commander. Richardson, of Brighton Beach THE NAVY REMEMBERS H.HA.S. Sydney. Lieutenant - C-ummander (L) (V.), to lieutenant - commander PERTH" AND "YARRA" He relinquished this appoint- David William Johns, of Wah- (SB). Short services in memory of •fficers and men of the Royal i' ment to become the officer-in- roonga (N.S.W.). to commander. ROYAL AUSTRALIAN NAVAL Australian Navy who lost their charge of the Torpedo and Anti- Instructor Lieutenant - Com- VOLUNTEER RESERVE \ lives in H.M.A.S. Penh and submarine School. mander Richard Gerard Fennessy. Lieutenant Richard Eric H M A S. Yarra in the Second Commander White D.S.C.. of Watson's Bay Godson, of Brighton Beach (V ), World War were held in the A former prisoner-of-war. Com- (N.S.W.), to instructor - com- to lieutenant-commander. Australian destroyers Tobrul^ and mander Norman White, has been mander. Lieutenant John Brooke Howse. -\nMc off the north-west coast of promoted from lieutenant - com- Lieutenant-Commander Robert of Orange (N.S.W), to Java, near where the Perth was mander in the New Year list. Grant Craft, of Clayton (Vic ), lieutenant-commander. to commander (S). -unk on November 29. Commander White entered the Surgeon Lieutenant • Cominan - Both ships stopped during the Royal Australian Naval College ROYAL AUSTRALIAN dcr James Stuart Guest, O.B.E . A W.R.A.N, telagrephist being instructed at tho Signal School at Hinders Naval -rvices. After two minutes' in 1936 and became a midshipman NAVAL RESERVE of Melbourne, to surgeon - com Depot, Crib Point, Victoria, is shown here receiving and typing a signal transmitted - lence had been observed and a in morse. three days before the declaration Lieutenant Leslie Alderson mander. wreath had been dropped on the of World War II. Smith, of North Sydney Lieutenant (S.B.) Rolf Eri. His first ship was H.M.A.S. water they proceeded on their way A MESSAGE FROM THE FEDERAL PRESIDENT Canberra. As a sub-lieutenant tn the Malayan area to relieve the The new Federal President of the Navy League of Australia. he was appointed to H.M.A.S P A N. destroyers Arunta and Vije-Admiral Sir John Collins, K.B.E., C.B., in a message to U'arramunga in the naval com- Navy League members, said:— Perth in January, 1942. and was r "lent of the strategic reserve. "On assuming office as Federal President of the Navy made a prisoner-of-war by the The captain of the Tohru\. League I greet all Presidents of Divisions, Vice-Presidents and Japanese when the Perth was sunk Captain R. Rhoades. D.S.C., members of the Executive Committees, and also all Officers and in March that year. A D.C.. R.A.N.. and the captain Instructors of the Sea Cadet Corps throughout Australia. In Since the war he has completed r f the Anzac, Commander E. I. thanking you for your fine services in the past I would express a navigating course in England Peel, D.S.C., R.A.N.. had both my confidence that the good work will be continued with and served for some time at enthusiasm in 1956. - rved under Captain H. M. L. H.M.A.S. Watson, the radar "I ask all Fellows of the League to accept my best wishes Waller, D.S.O.. R.A.N.. who was training school. He is now serv- for a prosperous and peaceful New Year. Many of you, I know, captain of the Perth when she was ing in H.M.A.S. Sydney. # have no time to take a great part in the League's activities, but Navy Promotions ' ink, and who went down with you are doing your share in endorsing, by your fellowship, the bis ship. objects of the League and helping us to maintain that much- Eight senior R.A.N, officers The Perth and the United States needed youth movement, the Sea Cadet Corps. from New South Wales and one -ruiser Houston were overwhelm- "To the Sea Cadets I would say — be loyal to God, your Victorian have been promoted. ed and sunk on the night of Feb- Queen and yourselves; be keen, attend your drills regularly, try They are included in the New Matv 28, 1942, after they had to pass for higher rating and regard it all as good fun. If you do Year's promotions announced by ncountered eight Japanese cruisers these things you will enjoy your days in the Corps and get a lot the Minister for the Navy. nd 20 destroyers while on passage of benefit from them. The promotions are: •i Tjilitjap, on the south coast of "I look forward to a year of great progress in the Navy ROYAL AUSTRALIAN NAVY lava, to embark evacuees. League and particularly in the Sea Cadet Corps. Good luck to you all." Commander John H a s t i e Three days later the sloop

24 THE NAVY January, I9S4. 25 range ballistic missiles fired from I high standard of some of its pre- "CONTROL OF ATLANTIC submarines or from ships specially decessors. designed for the purpose. The author has allowed herself VITAL" — MONTGOMERY "It is sometimes considered that to be carried away by her hero, ield - marshal Lord thermo nuclear destruction, would the day of the navies is over. I and her judgment of historical F be to cut off all supply. disagree profoundly. Indeed it fact, has. as a result, suffered in Montgomery, in a recent may well be that the navies will "Up Funnel, Down Screw." of the military branch. But the the extreme. Nelson, by any talk to the Royal United Service He said: "Navies require air- play a definite part in saving u- by Geoffrey Penn; published defects of the Selborne - Fisher standards, was a remarkable ad- Institute, said that if the craft for locating and destroying from complete disaster after by Hollis ii Carter (Lon- scheme were then becoming more miral, but he was never quite the strength of Britain's offensive submarines and for the dcfencc of heavy surprise attack. don). generally realised and, until this colossus which this book attempts air power failed to deter an fleets at sea. So far as we can "Navies will escape damage year, subsequent changes were in to build. The less creditable aggressor and war was forced sec at present aircraft cannot be initially so long as the Fleets are Since 1937, when the engineer- the reverse direction. episodes are glossed over or com- upon her it would be vital for ing branch of the Royal Navy first pletely ignored: some of his con- operated economically or efficient- at sea and suitably dispersed. Thi In 1921 officers started to Britain to have control of the became organised as an integral temporaries are treated with ly in mid-ocean against submarines Fleets at sea. in being, may there specialise as engineers on promo- seas. part of the naval scrvice, the prob- rather less than justice in the com- or indeed against raiding cruisers fore be only undamaged echelon tion to midshipmen: and in 1925 "Thus will be necessary not only lem of entry, training and status parison with this paragon of all unless some form of floating air- in the armed forces after the the term "military branch" was of engineer officers has been thc the virtues. for the transport of men and field can be provided there. initial clash." abolished and officers were again -ubject of frequent controversy materials but also to give increased The First Sea Lord. Admiral separated into "executive" and "For these reasons there may ind committees of enquiry. The One looks in vain for the flexibility to our operations gene Earl Mounthattcn. commenting on "engineer" officers, though the always be a need for vessels from first real attempt to solve it was author's comments on his decided- rally," he said. Lord Montgomery's statement, word "categories" instead of which to operate aircraft. But made in 1902 by Lord Fisher, Iv odd behaviour under Lord Keith Lord Montgomery added that said: "We have inherited from "branches" was used. with progress in vertical take-off -vhen the Sclbeirnc-Fishcr memo- in 1799; one looks in vain. too. he "was on record as saying" that the last war and ageing conven and landings we should aim to randum—reaffirmed and clarified The author, for some reason, for the name of Hamilton in these in an East-West war rhe West tional navy supported in this conn design something smaller and by the Cawdor memorandum in seems to be satisfied with the lat- pages. Sir Hyde Parker. Com- could not win if it lost control of try by large concentrated bases ot cheaper than the present aircraft- 1905- -established a system of com- ter change. It must, however, be monder-in-Chief at Copenhagen, the Atlantic. maintenance and supply, organised carrier. mon entry and training for deck, a matter of regret to him—who "apart from the fact that he had One of the means to bring on the proven methods of the past engineer and marine officers. All justly champions the cause of en- undoubtedly been in the Navy for Western Europe to its knees, with- "There is also a definite role for "The nuclear threat requirc- were to he executive officers, mem- gineer officers—that he wrote his a considerable time, had nothing out the necessity of complete navies in the offensive use of short- ehanges in methods and organisa bers of the military branch. bexik in 1954 instead of this year. whatsoever to recommend him for tton, and these will be given the For the new officer structure has the job"—a statement which seems most serious consideration. Re- Commander Penn, in this in- eliminated any possible difference a little unkind in view of his search offers us in the future novel teresting history of the engineer- between the status and pros- earlier activities with Hood off weapons, equipment, ane! ing branch, might well have de- pects of the deck officer on the Toulon and Corsica and as Com- machinery, and careful judgment >ted more space to the obvious general list and of the engineer mander-in-Chief at Jamaica, where officer. Both can look forward is needed between maintaining pit-falls of the new scheme—the his brilliance almost completely to commanding H.M. shore estab- DRIBARM adequate conventional strength ntitlcment it appeared to give a stopped the West Indian trade. lishments and non-sea-going ships, and waiting for the fulfilment o; I'ommander (E), who had spent Calder. too. is castigated by the and also Flag rank; both now wear research. ill his time since a sub-lieutenant author for his action with Ville- precisely the same uniform: and "As you know, we arc making •i engineering duties, to command neuve, a fact which suggests that COMPRESSED YEAST VACUUM PACKED both are entitled to the same cere- a start with guided weapon ships tie of H.M. sea-going ships. monial and marks of respect. she has not adequately studied but this is only a first step. the overall strategy of the 1804- "Dribarm" is a special form of Compressed Yeast, The author was more concerned, —G.P.T., in the London "Navv." "Meanwhile it should never be 1805 campaign at sea, nor appre- dried under scientific conditions and carefully com- : iwever, to emphasise the Gilber- forgotten that the ships we now t on, but purely temporary, situa- ciated the over-riding duties of pounded with a suitable yeast food. Specially suitable "Nelson." bv Stephanie Plowman; have will continue to perform a tion that resulted from Lord the various blockading squadrons, published by Methuen (Lon- when not accessible to, or supplied by bakers. very vital job in conserving the 1 isher's memorandum. Pre-1902 of which Calder's was one. don). tics and unity of the Common- i itry engineer officers still remain- It is not really good enough, in A biography of Nelson seems wealth in peace as well as carry- • J civilians, but were to be re- these davs when the importance Obtainable from: Merchants, Store, Grocers, to have become almost an annual ing out in war the tasks involveil •nmsible for training and super- of historical accuracy is more fully or direct from the Proprietors: event, and there are now so manv in control of the seas which will • ising their subordinates who were recognised than ever before, to ex- of them that judgment of their not be transformed by the nuclear military officers and appeared in pect serious readers to accept so individual merits becomes almost weapon." the Navy List before them. unbalanced a portrait of Nelson MAURI RROTNERS I THOMSON LIMITED difficult simply because of the Later. Earl Mountbatten said as this book paints. No one will sheer mass. Judgment of the T/ie Compressed Yeast Co., that the Admiralty had been This situation was rectified to deny that Nelson was undoubted- latest addition to the ranks, how- examining the possibilities of >me extent in 1914, when all ly a tactical genius at sea. but BOX 31, P.O. WATERLOO, N.S.W. ever, is not so difficult, for it does atomic propulsion for warships, engineer officers were given the equally no one can deny that he not really measure up to the very particularly submarines. executive curl and made members Continued on piq* 29

January, ItSi. 2T 26 THE NAVY For Sea Cadets States Navy for installation and evaluation in a much bigger ship, the destroyer escort Mills. THE "GREY GOOSE'S" NEW ROLE The Grey Goose was laid down ITER MAJESTY'S shir Grey bed. which will provide data for on January 23, 1941, at the * * Goose (Lieutenant • Com- the building of gas turbine war- Cowes, Isle of Wight, shipyard of mander D W Wilson. D.S.M. ships of the future. Messrs. J. Samuel White tf Co. R N.), renowned as a steam gun- Ltd. as a steam gunboat. Launched The Grev Goose was originally boat during the Second World on February 16, 1942, she was pewcred by two Metropolitan War. has been converted into an completed on July 4 the same year. Vickers single reduction geared Seven of her class were completed experimental gas turbine fast steam turbines aggregating 8000 to form an experimental flotilla of patrol boat and has joined the shaft horse-power and of a design fast and powerful craft to serve Trials Squadron at H.M.S. Hornet, which represented the lightest as E-boat killers. the Coastal Forces Base at Cos- steam machinery produced for port. Two experimental Rolls- At the time they were officially naval purposes The two RM.60 described as 'light coastal craft,' Royce RM. <0 marine pas turbines gas turbine engines develop 10.800 of advanced design have been in- and the public and the enemy were brake horse-power and this gives left to assume that they were or- stalled in her and thev transmit an increase of some 35 per cent, their power through Rotol control- dinary motor gun and torpedo in total power combined with a boats, powered by petrol engines. lable pitch pronellers. which ob- reduction of 50 per cent, in Had it not been for security con- viate the use of reverse gearing. machinery weight and a saving of siderations they could have been about 25 per cent, in machinery The work of structural altera- described as 'destroyers in minia- space. ture' with powerful steel hulls Nevy frogmen being picked up at a ipeed of 10 knots from e rubber dingily leshed to the lido of e lending berge. A tion. as well as the installation of frogmen ii tended into the rubber dinghy. This picture wes token during recent eiercises in Sydney Herbour. turbine', propellers, shafting and With a displacement of 205 tons Soon after the end of the Second standard and 260 tons full load electrical equipment, was carried World War there were discussions they were of 146 feet in length of July 27, 1943, described how BOOK REVIEWS out by Messrs. Vosper Ltd.. of on the project between the Ad- in Reserve, they talk through the overall with a beam of 20 feet and an enemy force of two or three Continued from page 27 Portsmouth, at their Camber ship- miralty and Rolls-Royce, who had night of events when they were a shallow draught of 5} feet. In trawlers and eight R-boats was en- had many faults. 'It would have yard in association with Messrs. much design experience in the field both midshipmen serving in spite of an exceptionally heavy gaged four miles north of Cape been a better book had the author Rolls-Royce and Rotol. Her con- of aero engines. These led to the H.M.S. Pelorus, one of the cruisers armament which finally included Levi, East of Cherbourg, and acknowledged them openly, instead version was extensive, the altera- Admiralty placing a development serving in the Eastern Mediter- a 3-inch gun, two 6-pounder guns, within range of coastal batteries. of glossing them over or ignoring tion* amounting to building up contract with the firm, and after ranean. four 20 mm. Oerlikon anti-aircraft During the action, which lasted them completely. from an almost bare hull and gene- considerable work on the drawing Peter Trcgarth finds that his pieces, two 21-inch torpedo tubes, about 25 minutes, several hits —P.K.K.. in the London "\avy." rally reconditioning the hull itself. hoard, the detailed design was father is taking passage in H.M.S. and depth charges, their high were scored on the enemy vessels Her accommodation between decks started in January. 1948. The Pelorus to Malta and thinks that efficiency steam turbines, fed from and two were left burning. The . "No Man's Mistress," by ha- been completely reconstructed prototype engine ran for the first a single boiler, gave them a speed he was responsible for his death. Grey Goose suffered superficial Alexander Fullarton; pub- and the necc-.irv generators and time in June. 1951. of over 35 knots. Hi w his father really died is some- navigational arrangements in- damage and a few casualties. lished by Davics (London). thing you must find out when you stalled. Her 'rmamcnt had pre- Two thousand hours of running Seven ships of the flotilla were This was merely one of. the This is not just another novel read this talc of the Royal Navy viously been removed. were carried out on the test bed officially credited with sinking six many actions in which the Grey about the last war. Alexander in time of war. The events lead- at Messrs. Rolls-Royce's Derby enemy ships and causing heavy Goose took part. In June and Fullcrton begins by describing ing up to the sinking of the There was a privat- Commis- Works, and sea trials lasting a damage to many more. Only one July, 1944, she fought German what many officers and men felt Pelorus bv torpedo bombers after sioning Service at H M.S Hornet period of nearly a year have been steam gunboat was lost during the E-boats in the Narrow Seas and in Alexandria during the eventful leaving Alexandria arc vividly de- on June 22 conducted by the run in the hands of the main con- war. but the Grev Goose is th. for his leadership Lieutenant Peter Mediterranean campaign of 1942 scribed. Action messing, the Archdcacon of Portsmouth, the tractors, Messrs. Vospcrs. Now only one of her class now in Her Neville Hood, R.N.V.R.. who —the heat, the flics, the sand and scream of stuka dive bombers, the Venerable E. J K Robert, M.A., that the Grey Goose has been Majesty's Service. It was in the commanded her during this period perhaps the most realistic of all, sinking of an enemy troopship and and attended bv Lieutenant- handed back to the Navy, further Grev Goose that Lieutcnant-Com of the war, was awarded a U.S. the attitude of the Egyptians to submarine arc woven into this ex- Commander Peter Scott. M B E„ rigt rous trials arc being carried mander Peter Scott led the flotilla Jecoration, the Legion of Merit, the Allies in this period. And citing talc of a Malta convoy. D.S.C. and Bar. R.N.V.R., the out, but already much valuable in dashing Channel actions against Degree of Legionnaire. then we arc shown the beginning best known of the gunboat's war- experience has been obtained and enemy shipping. These attacks Now, ten years after the war, of a Malta convoy. The author has fine powers of time commanding officers. On a considerable step forward in became a regular feature of the the Grey Goose has been given a James Wcntworth, Royal Navy, characterisation, as all who go July 6 the Grey Goose went to marine gas turbine technology has wa«- news. new lease of life, and in her, retired, goes to the Summer Ball down to the sea in ships will in- sea to show her paces, and I had been achieved. It is significant An official account of an offen- notable progress is being made in at H.M.S. Dolphin and meets his stantly recall and recognise. the opportunity of judging the that two RM.60 gas turbines have sive patrol in which the Grey the development of gas turbine old friend and shipmate Peter —A.R.C.R., in the London performance of this floating test been purchased by the United Goose took part on the morning machinery for the Royal Navy.* Trcgarth. In a submarine laid up "AJat'y."

21 THE NAVY January, I9S4. "carried ateartl, "ite"'anti- •'Vin^.bailed ^OOdJmifes from ;h- tered in the "United Kingdom; ««id REBUILDING THE FRENCH NAVY submarine plane based on la ml, Antarctic whaling grounds. widows and orphans of debased and the jet fighter plane. She" was whaling with 1S other eligible persons. Only the first of these three is Dutch catchers and their 44,000- At the end of October a total My Gfoifif ftvii as yet perfected. This is the ton mother-ship when the whale pf £2,615,000 sterling had been "Breguet 1050." which can take rammed hcs. paid to 57,490 beneficiaries. More Almost entirely wiped out at the end of the second World War, the off from an aircraft-carrier. The impact bent the propeller. than 49.000 ex-prisoners-of-war Weighing 8 tons, it is driven by French Navy is now in process of methodical reconstruction. The master. Captain A. van den have each received £46 stg., in- a turbo-jet engine with a Rolls- cluding £3 from the money re- Royce air-screw. It has a wing- Broeke. said he hoped his ship URING a first period extend- at 540.000 tons (450,000 tons in only 22,000 tons, a squadron sup- would be ready for the blue fin ceived from the Burma-Siam Rail- span of nearly 16 metres, but its way, and about 8300 civilian inter- D ing from 1946 to 1948, work combat vessels, 20,000 tons in am- ply vessel having had to be struck wings .mav K- folded back. It is whales season opening on January was limited to restoring the ruins phibian craft, and 70,000 tons in off the programme for financial armed with rockets and grenades. 7. of naval dockyards, clearing the auxiliary vessels), to which must reasons. Five planes of this type have been The ship is a converted STRANDED SEAMAN waterways, mine-sweeping the ap- be added 20 Fleet Air Arm It includes a series of 21 small Canadian corvette. ordered for the present, and 100 SWAM AFTER HIS SHIP proaches, and refloating some 301)0 flotillas. vessels, the largest of which is of others will he ordered on the 1956 She had been whaling in An- sunken vessels. At the same time, To achieve this aim, the Navy 2000 tons, a squadron escort ves- Budget. These latter will he able tarctftr waters for three weeks. When the tanker British Ensign the construction of a few vessels would have to have an annual bud- sel of the "Killer" type, specialised to go into service at the same time left Port Pirie (South Australia) that had been begun before the get of about 200.000.000,000 in anti-submarine tactics. With as the n e w aircraft - carrier Ex-P.W. Share in on December 9 a member of the war was completed, and foreign francs. Unfortunately, this is not its high speed (34 knots), it will Clemenceati. Japanese assets crew who had missed the ship chase and attack enemy submarines dived into the sea and started to vessels were acquired. the case in 1955 and 1956. when The coastal anti-submarine plane The closing date for claims by in liaison with the ordinary escort swim after it. From 1949 the building up of the budget falls short of this mark will be the "Hurcl-Duhois H.D. U.K. ex-Japanese prisoners- of-war vessels which play only a defensive by 20 to 30 billion. 35," two prototypes of which will and internees for a share of the Roy Maxwell, a fireman, was the fleet reallv began. The Jean role. Bart, a 35,000-ton man-of-war. However, the 1955 quota las come out this year. The jet money realised from Japanese visiting a friend on another tanker sister ship to the Richelieu, was been maintained at the rate of The other items included in the fighter is not yet perfected. In assets in the United Kingdom un- when he saw British Ensign leav- finished; and the first post-war 30.000 tons. The most important 1956 programme arc French Union the meantime, the Fleet Air Arm der Article 14 of the Peace Treaty ing. shipping was launched, about 8000 item of it will be a new 22,000- escort vessels, coastal escort vessels, will use the "Aquilon." on order is to be March 31, 1956. He swam after the ship until a tons a year. ton aircraft - carrier, of the an L.S.T. of the improved Ameri- from the National Aeronautical Those eligible to share in the tug picked him up and transferred In 1951. events in Korea and Clemenceau type, capable of carry- can type, coastal tankers of 1000 Construction Company of the realised assets include U.K. ex- him to a Harbour Board launch. ing about 60 aircraft. It will be South-East. Indo-China led to the passing of tons, and finally a pocket sub- servicemen who were prisoners-of- The launch caught the ship 257 metres long, 43 metres wide. marine of 30 tons. To these will be added twenty war: British civilian internees: when she slackened speed to let the Rearmament Lasv. raising the 126,000 h.p., speed 32 knots, «r so light helicopters, of the Merchant Navy members captured the pilot disembark, and Maxwell annual rate of construction to armed with twelve double 57 m m It will be seen that no provision Alouettc" tvne. and a few heavy while serving in British ships regis- climbed aboard. 17.000 tons, then to 27.000 tons guns, and manned by 2500 men. has been made for replacing the in 1953, and finally to 29,000 tons training-ship for cadet-officers, the helicopters which will gradually in 1954 — this latter programme In addition to the aircraft- Jeanne d'Arc. which will be unfit supplant the American aircraft. including the aircraft - carrier carrier, construction will begin for use by 1960 (she went into But. while we mav note with CAemenceau. this year on various vessels, in- service in 1931). satisfaction that French construc- RICOL BROS. PTY. LTR. cluding:— An annual average of 30,000 On the other hand, it must not tion in this field is getting under INCORPORATING tons has moreover been recognised The Commandant Riviere, an he forgotten that, in addition to way, we must not forget that the as indispensable to maintain the escort vessel of 1750 tons, also the vessels constructed on the volume of construction will still PEN8UIN HEAVY LIFTING PTY. LTD. fleet above the minimum tonnage called an "aviso of the French French Budget, a few other vessels be inadeouate. Higher credits will of 360,000 tons, by modernising Union." as it will be used in the are added each year from the off- have to be allocated in the years and replacing old ships, and to security of sea communication with shore credits, or as part of the to come if we want the Fleet Air PEN8UIN PTY. LTD. bring the French Navy up to the the French overseas territories. Mutual Aid Programme within Arm to reach the fixed objective: level of its national missions and With a speed of 25 knots, the the Atlantic Organisation. twenty combat flotillas equipped ALL CLASSES OF STEAM DIESEL AND GENERAL ENGINEERING to the international obligations Commandant Riviere will be The greater part of the require- with modern aircraft.* BOILERMAKERS, OXY-ACETYLENE which France took on at the Lis- heavilv armed with artillerv and ments of the Fleet Air Arm had AND ELECTRIC WELDERS bon conference. anti-submarine arms. It will also hitherto been supplied by free DUTCH SHIP RAMMED PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL WORK carry a platform for a light heli- American aid. But in accordance On January 1, 1955. the Flee: BY SPERM WHALE FLOATING CRANE AVAILABLE AT ALL TIMES copter. with the express wish of the Par- consisted of 312 vessels, with a A Dutch- ship, which a sperm (20 TON CAPACITY) total tonnage of 370,000 tons, Three fast escort vessels of 1250 liament, the Navy is now turning tons; speed 27 knots; 20,000 h.p. whale rammed in the Antarctic, ALL CLASSES OF MARINE EQUIPMENT FOR SALE three-quarters of which were com- towards a programme of purely put into Melbourne on December 10-20 WESTON ST., B ALMA IN EAST bat vessels; the Fleet Air Arm Three chaser submarines of 750 French aeronautical construction. 27 for repairs. Phones: WB 3121 — 3 Una numbered 15 flotillas. Now the tons. The three types of aircraft The ship, 730-ton Johanne W. After hours: UM 9485, WM 3223. FM J708. goal to be aimed at has been fixed The 1956 programme will reach necessary are the anti-submarine

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AUSTRALIA'S MARITIME JOURNAL »

Sir Ron* and Sir Keith Smith arriving .it Sydney, 1919. The map looked like a mahjongg set!

A map uf Siam used in the 1919 England- Java. 200 coolie* toiled for 13 hours to extricate Au-lralia air rai'r was mi primitive that it the aircraft from the mud. resembled. arnirdinii to tin- late Sir Keith Hying in open cockpits, the aviators were often Smith, "a mahjongg set upside down." soaked to the skin, lint with little more than Hut. despite lliis ami other hazards. Sir Keith a compass to guide them, the fliers touched with his brother. Sir Koss Smith, and Sergeants down al Darwin to win the coveted prize. W. 11. Shiers ami J. M. Hennell. battled through The Smith brothers used Shell aviation spirit to win the (lonimonwealth Government's and oil on this famous flight. 110.000 prize (or the first flight from England to Australia. In fact, nearly every airman who flew fVoiti Kurope to Australia in the pioneering years that Flying a World W ar I Vickers Vimy bomber at followed, relied on Shell. an average speed o( 84 m.p.h., the Smith brothers roinpleted the journey in 2K days. Today. SHELL is still servicing major flying (Today's passenger servires

Vol. 19. FEBRUARY. 1956. No. 2.

EDITORIAL:

Three Important Questions Answered .4 M.V. "DUNTROON"— 10,500 ion.

ARTICLES: MELBOURNE STEAMSHIP New "Q" Class Are Powerful Submarine Hunters 6 CO. LTD. Sailing The World—By Jeep 8 Head Office: A U.S. Atomic Eiplosion—As Seen By A Canadian Navy Observer 12 31 KING ST.. MELBOURNE BRANCHES OR AGENCIES How The Navy Spent Christmas In Penang 16 AT ALL PORTS MANAGING AGENTS FOR A Proud Record 18 HOBSONS BAY DOCK AND ENGINEERING CO. PTY. LTD. Providing Sea-time For Scientists 24 Work*: WiOiamatown, Victoria HODGB ENGINEERING CO. First Atlantic Yacht Race 28 PTY. LTD. Works: Stueex St., Sydney, FEATURES: and News Of The World's Navies COCKBURN ENGINEERING PTY. LTD. Maritime News Of The World Works: Hioea RtL, FftOMDtWa SHIP REPAIRERS. ETC. Personalities

Book Reviews

For Sea Cadets 26, 31

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•ebruery, '916. THE NAVY LEAGUE i OF AUSTRALIA. NOW OPEN rATKONi Planning to paint? then use... Hi. Eaceliencr Tie GovtinW'Gciunl. THE "LIGHTNING" CONSULTATION FEDERAL COUNCIL. 1st PRIZE — £30,000 r Pneadeem Vice-Admiral Sir John Collin,. j K.B.E., CD. 100,100,000 0 TICKETS ONLY AT £1 EACH it Dn~tr Praaideoii Comdr. R. A. NettMold. D.S.C.. V.R.D., R.A.N.R. Also bMQi R. Neil Walford. En. >11 Hinder., Sc., Melbourne. C.l. THE 10/- SPECIAL CONSULTATION Hoo. Traaaiarari R. Neil Walford. Eag 100.000 TICKETS ONLY. 1ST PRIZE One-coat KEM-COTE is an N*w South Wale* Division: £14.000 entirely new-type paint tor Patron: Hia Eaceliencr The Covernor of New South Wall. Drawn .very few weelti, end walls, ceilings and woodwork. Prraident: Rear-Admiral H. A. Showera, It has been designed to make C B E (Retd. 1. THE USUAL 5/- CASH CONSULTATIONS painting FASTER and EASIER Sactauiy; R. 1. Rae, Eeq.. SI Pitt Street 1ST PRIZE — £10,000 than ever before. KEM-COTE BU 1771. Drawn every few days Hon. TrMaurer- F. E. Trig., Ea.J gives a perfect finish in just m-cote ONE coat over practically all Victorian Division: surfaces . . . even faded wall Patron: Hia Eaceliencr The Governor of "Tattersall" Sweep Consultation paper. Victoria. President: Vice-Admiral Sir Jolui Collina. ENAMEL C.B.E., C.B. • SEE the 21 glorious colours dis- Wnryi R. Neil Walford. Eeq.. 112 C/- GEO. ADAMS for interior walls and ceilings Hindera, St., Melbourne, C.l. played on the novel KEM-COTE Hon. Traaeurer: M. A. Clover, fcaq. 244 FLINDERS STREET. MELBOURNE colour wheel. South Australian Division: Patron: Hia Eaceliencr The Covernor of South Aurttalia. PteefcUot: Lieut. Comdr. C. C. Shfnlleld. RANR (retd.I. KEM-COTE IS A GROUP PRODUCT Hoo. Sec.: K. W. Adcodr. Eaq.. 1)1 Cren- fell Street. Adelaide. Wilh. WILHELMSEN AGENCY

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THE February, 1954. 2 1 quarters of the world's surface is covered by salt water a strong Navy is a vital element of defence, in hot or cold war. There is security even if you ORIENT LINE Serves 5 Continent! don't reach the highest ranks. In the years ahead, intended changes in officer structure will ensure increased hopes of promotion." Vice Admiral Dowling pointed out that the Royal Australian Navy was designed not only as a small, balanced Fleet, fully mobile and flexible, but for integration with the Navies of our Allies. At the drop of a hat the R.A.N., or elements of it, could become part either of the Royal Navy or the United States Navy. For this reason, he said, he hoped it would not be long before the R.A.N, had a system of exchange with officers of the United States Navy as we now have with the Royal ENGLAND Navy. VIA SUEZ He added: "The Navy becomes more and more technical. . . . The very structure of Fleets is under change. The task force of World War II will be replaced by battle groups — small units probably consisting of an aircraft carrier, a guided missiles cruiser, and a squadron of anti-submarine escorts. These mobile groups offer small targets for thermo- nuclear weapons and long-range guided missiles, but can be quickly concentrated with other groups if required. "The guided missile is replacing the gun and, perhaps, will replace the bomber. The helicopter is coming into its own for detecting and destroying Vol. 19. FEBRUARY. 195*. No. 2. the U.S. Navy s shipbuilding programme includes enemy submarines with 'dunking sonar' and target- such highly expensive units as the Forrestal class of seeking torpedoes." THREE IMPORTANT QUESTIONS super-carriers and atomic-powered submarines), and Vice Admiral Dowling referred to a letter which ANSWERED by the Soviet's formidable Navy build-up since the his great-grandfather, 120 years ago, wrote to his war. son when he sent him to England to complete his Or, the subject of security and prospects in an education. Some of the points of advice — which Australian Navy career, these must apply to the applied even now — were:— Speaking at the recent "passing out" ceremony PANAMA at the Royal Australian Naval College, the First rating and recruit equally as to the young officer, Lead a Christian life. This is the ideal and manly Naval Member, Vice Admiral Dowling, dealt with if indeed not more so. Only recently we have seen life. three questions which must be in the minds of many the dangerous drift away from the R.A.N, of Never lower your standards. young men who look to the Navy as a career. trained men of the lower deck, who prefer to "take Avoid low compai^. They were:— their time" rather than sign on for a further period. Avoid over indulgence. • Is there a future requirement for a strong This, of course, is symptomatic of an age of strong Behave and appear as a gentleman should. Navy? competition among employers (including the Ser- Get to know and understand your fellow man. • Is there security in the Navy as a career? vices) for good, skilled men — and Naval training See that work always come before play. • Is there a good chance of promotion to high is a high recommendation in the eyes of many Vice Admiral Dowling added three points of rank? civilian employers. advice himself to the young graduates:— In this fast-moving age of great scientific and The inescapable fact is that nowadays security Never lose your sense of values. technical progress there has been much discussion and prospects in the Navy must be compared with Never lose the common touch. among the leaders of military thought in Britain security and prospects in civil employment. And Never lose your humility. about the usefulness of a Navy in a future war of to compensate for the disadvantages to family life terrible thermo-nuclear weapons, guided projectiles inseparable from life in the fighting Services, these of intercontinental range, high-flying, high-speed must have an edge on what civil life can offer. aircraft, and swift, long-range submarines. Vice Admiral Dowling, after he had posed these Over the past few years the voices of those who three questions, proceeded to answer them: regard the Navy as an outdated force were parti- "I can give you a definite and emphatic answer cularly strong. Happily a saner view appears to be in one word — yes," he said. held fairly generally now. This has been influenced "The (Australian) Government, and indeed all ORIENT STEAM NAVIGATION CO. LTD. no doubt by the United States defence policy Governments of maritime nations, have quite INCORPORATED IN ENGLAND (which emphasises Naval power so strongly that clearly made up tjieir minds that so long as three-

4 THE NAVY Fcknury, I9S4> .o : jtit-Lij^ STAIN ON PAGE of her crew, taken suddenly un- havoc among Allied shipping that such exercises could be held, awares, sliding across her decks the disastrous effects of Hitler's R.A.N, officers and men gain NEW "Q" CLASS ARE POWERFULJ into the guard rails. U-boat campaign would seem a valuable practical experience that Astern of her, as she circled, minor affair by comparison. would not be available to them Spccjai cofVMPMid«fit SUBMARINE HUNTERS she left a wide shimmering, spark- It was as a consequence of this otherwise. ling path that looked like fluffy threat that the Navies of the Most of the exercises are held VV/ITH her clean rich grey cotton-down, in the broad centre Western powers decided to on a small scale off the east Aus- The i^ueen borough. after gain- " paint glistening in the sun tralian Navy as having fulfilled of which her propellers had carved strengthen their anti-submarine de- tralian coast between Jervis Bay ing first-hand experience against and her White Ensign and new her trials satisfactorily and having a turhulently-rushing frothy depth. fences with the greatest possible and Sydney, but exercises on a the latest types of submarines with commissioning pendant flying in all other respects complied with There was a thrill and fascina- despatch. And as a result of that large scale arc arranged at least ships of the British Home Fleet siiffly in the breeze, H.M.A.S. the Navy's needs. tion about this display of speed. decision the British Government once a year. These have taken and other NATO Navies, had just ^uicHmatch sailed out of Port Now, with her sister-ships It was no wonder, then, that in presented the Royal Australian place in Bass Strait, the Tasman, left the United Kingdom on her Phillip Bay (Vic.) one afternoon i^ueenborough and Quadrant, con- her bright new dress, with her Navy with the Q class destroyers the Pacific, and in the Arafura, voyage home. The Quadrant was recently to rejoin the Australian verted some time previously, she proud banners flying, and the sun- as a gift on condition that they Java, and South China Seas. Ships taking part in exercises off the Fleet in Sydney. is one of the most efficiently light streaming down upon her. were converted into fast, modernly of the Canadian and New Zea- east Australian coast in which her she made a brave and splendid Her conversion from an obsolete equipped and deadliest ships of equipped anti-submarine frigates. land Navies and of the British Far capabilities and skill as a hunter showing as she went to join the Q class destroyer to a fast anti- her kind afloat. The R.A.N."s anti-submarine East Fleet, as well as aircraft of and killer were being tested with Fleet. submarine frigate of most modern At that time both her converted force contains other vessels besides the Royal Air Force, the Royal i the assistance of Royal Navy sub- And, as she went, the good type had been completed, and only sister-ships were engaged in opera- these frigates. The aircraft carrier Australian Air Force, and the marines based in Sydney. wishes of all who loved the sea and that morning she had been accept- tional duties in widely separated Sydney has, until recently, been Ruyal New Zealand Air Force, Another Q class ship, the ^.ui- ships went with her. ed on behalf of the Royal Aus- parts of the world. the most potent unit in the force have joined in some of them at beron, was lying at Garden Island The §uic^match and her sister- because she has been able to cm- different times. Sydney. She, also, is undergoing ship were lent to the Royal Aus- ploy both her own great mobility The participation of the Air a conversion that will be finished tralian Navy by the Royal Navy and the added mobility of her anti- Forces has been important because towards the end of this year. during the Second World War, submarine aircraft. When the new they would play a significant role when, manned by R.A.N, crews, After the ^uic^match had pass-' carrier Melbourne arrives in Aus- in defending coastal and near- they served with distinction in all ed through the tumbling waters of tralian waters this year she will coastal waters against submarine the waters of the globe. the Rip and turned eastward into have the additional advantage of attacks. Bass Strait she ran into a long, the even greater range and effi- It had been intended that after But on the wider ocean areas, slow swell which she rode gently ciency of Gannet turbo-prop air- the war the ships would be re- beyond the effective range of land- and through which she cut cleanly, craft. turned to the Royal Navy. But based aircraft, the task of com- throwing up curling masses of meantime a new threat had arisen. Other ships in the force are the bating submarines is one for war- woolly-white foam on the both This was a long-range, snort-fitted R.A.N.'s modernised River class ships and carrier-based aircraft. A sides of her bow. submarine which the Germans had frigates, all of which are equipped submarine can be initially detected It was in Bass Strait, between begun to use. with up-to-date anti-submarine de- from the air, visually or by radar, Point Nepean and Cape Schanck, Even after the war had ended in vices, and its Tribal and Battle only when it is surfaced, or when only a few weeks before, that she an Allied victory, a potential class destroyers which have been it has raised its snort or periscope had done her speed trials and de- threat still confronted the Western equipped in the same way. above the water. A rough or lighted her Captain and other offi- powers, because plans for still Its Daring class vessels, of small choppy sea also increases the diffi- cers with her quick acceleration, more deadly types of submarines cruiser type, at present being built, culty of detection from the air. her rare handling qualities and her had passed into other than Allied and four frigates whose construc- flexibility. hands, one of which was a fast tion is contemplated, will all be It is recognition of these vital facts that has led the Royal Aus- "It is just like driving a motor- type fitted with turbine-engines fitted with the most modem anti- tralian Navy to modernise its ships bike," one of them had said en- that burned a special fuel mixture. submarine apparatus yet devised. and their under-water equipment, thusiastically as he stood with the Since then submarines that can It would be useless, however, to and to build up a fully mobile and Captain on the bridge. travel much faster and remain have modernly-equipped ships if submerged for^very long periods their officers and men were not flexible fleet that could be inte- As she approached the meas- without snorting have become adequately trained in how best to grated immediately with the ured mile—marked out by beacons standard. These improvements use them. For that reason ships Navies of our Allies in the event ashore—on the day of those par- have been achieved by streamlining of the Royal Australian Navy arc of an emergency. ticular trials, she gathered speed the vessels' hulls and greatly in- engaged in anti-submarine exer- Within this fleet the i^uic^- like an eager greyhound. She creasing their battery capacities. cises almort continuously. match and her sister-ships, with passed the last beacon, and as she With the submarines of the their highly efficient weapons and turned at full speed in a short If another war broke out and Royal Navy that have been equipment, will hold a worthy circle to get ready for another such submarines began to roam the Am Italian two-man Ulbmarina undergoing trials rocantfy. TKa lubmarina hat a fubmargad oceans they could create so much specially based on Sydney so that place. ipood of lit knoh and a fual rang, of 37 mflas. run, she heeled over and sent some Fabmary, tffi 1 JO THE NAVY SAILING THE WOKLD-BY JEEP By Murray Sayle

'T'HE sea-going adventures of was working as a mining engineer with eight inches of freeboard. Ben Carlin began eleven in China on the outbreak of The standard jeep engine gives 40 years ago in a bar in Delhi, India. World War II, and enlisted in the miles per hour on land and (be- Conversation was running low British Army at the nearest British cause of the drag of the wheels among a group of soldiers assem- consulate on the day he received and the poor shape of the hull) an bled for light refreshments when the news that Hitler had lowered agonizingly slow 2J knots afloat. the boom. a queer-looking vehicle pulled up All this time Carlin was looking across the street. After the Allies made it game, for another man, preferably an en- It was an amphibious jeep, the set and match, he took his dis- gineer veteran, to go with him. first one seen in the Indian theatre charge in the U.S. and started Elinore, now discharged from the of the war. You could call it a looking for an amphibious jeep to Red Cross, was helping him look, baby automobile which could float, win his five-dollar bet. hut with ideas of her own about or a small boat with wheels, de- The manufacturers sold him a who the second adventurer should pending on the way you looked brand-new surplus model for 800 be. at it. dollars. It cofct Carlin 2000 dol- It took a long while to persuade "You know," said one of the lars—all the money he had in the Carlin that a woman could stand soldiers wearing the crowns of a world—to adapt it for his adven- up to the rigors of the trip. But major in the British Army, "you tures. Elinore convinced him — and could go round the world in one It ought to be made clear that Carlin countered by suggesting a ot those things." Carlin s jeep is not the DUKW, plain gold band on the third finger "Five dollars say you couldn't," the amphibious truck well known of the left hand. Ben and Elinore said a girl named Elinore, from to most of the world's veterans. were married in New York in the Boston, U.S.A., who was serving It is the much smaller vehicle spring of '48 and a fortnight later in the American Red Cross. which the U.S. Army calls "Jeep, they left Halifax, in Nova Scotia, 'Taken," said Major Ben Carlin. Amphibious, 4x4, quarter-ton." for their honeymoon trip to the He will have no difficulty in Only 1000 of them were built Azores, 2200 miles away. collecting. Elinore — now Mrs. before the U.S. Army decided The first day out, they lost their Carlin — is helping him in the they were too small to be of any tank. It cost Carlin his last attempt! practical use. On hit first solo flight in a glider is naval cadet F. Foster, at SchoReldt aerodrome. He it OM of a group ol midshipmen ninety dollars to have another The Carlins have already cross- So Carlin had no difficulty buy- *-om Flinders Navel Depot who gave up eight days of thoir leeve to learn gilding. Uoutenanl-Commander A. Good heart, made. one of Australia's foremost gliding eipertt, was the instructor. ed the Atlantic (after five tries), ing one. the Mediterranean, and the The 20-gallon tank of a jeep Next time the propeller bearing — one of the few parts Carlin English Channel in their cross- would not take him far across the If the cans stacked on the jeep's after 32 days at sea—a tribute to ing of the mid-Atlantic, and had bred vehicle. Atlantic. Carlin built two tanks, could not repair while afloat— broke down after six days at sea floor. the books on navigation which covered the longest single hop of [The Carlins recently reached fore and aft, shaped to give the So, at mealtimes, they took pot Carlin had studied nights in the the whole world journey. Australia.] jeep a rough, blunt, pointed bow and a passing ship hoisted the jeep aboard and took them home. ick among the cans For one New York Public Library. The The next hop, to Madeira, was By the end of 1956 they plan and stem, and increased gasoline island Portuguese, astonished to much shorter, but it brought the Three or four more tries failed veek they lived entirely n ravioli, to be back in New York, their capacity to 200 gallons. Still not see any kind of small boat crawl jeeping couple close to disaster. because of leaks, severe headwinds which the luck of the draw turned starting point. nearly enough. up meal after meal. in out of the blue yonder, were A twelve-day hurricane almost Clearly, they will not break any and the like. After much experimenting, he Even at 1500 revolutions a dumbfounded when the boat ran swamped the vehicle, made eating speed records. The only distinc- Elinore turned out to be a designed a 600-gallon, cigar-shaped minute, you cannot run the stur- up the beach and parked outside or sleeping impossible and cut off tion they can win is that of going worse sailor than she hoped and tow tank which, he calculated, diest gasoline engine continuously the nearest bar. They promptly radio communications. round the world in the most un- was sick almost continuously dur- should just about turn the trick. for more than a few days. More declared a "Festival do ZJieep." The radio trouble was traced to suitable possible form of transport, ing the first attempts. In place of the canvas top of the than half a dozen times, while the and a scheduled one-week stop- wet insulators, and Ben finally got in the most extreme discomfort— jeep, Carlin added a wood-and- It is impossible to cook aboard jeep wallowed in the Atlantic over turned into three liquid the set working again by posting if you like, the supreme example perspex roof with aerial for a the jeep and the pair lived en- swell, Carlin stripped the motor, months of celebration. Elinore topside on the roof of the in our time of doing things the small radio receiver. Extra water tirely on canned food. During changed the spark plugs, decar- Already the Cariins had a lot jeep, where she clung with one hard way. and oil tanks completed the job. the last, successful, attempt to get bonized the cylinders. to celebrate. They had notched hand and wiped the insulators Ben Carlin, now 41, was born Fully loaded, the jeep weighs to the Azores, a heavy sea came They hit Flores in the Azores up the smallest power-boat cross- with a fistful of Ideenex tissues.. in Perth, Western Australia. He two tons, and rides in the water aboard and washed all the labels • I IMS NAVY Ben says you could have trailed curled up his 6-foot, 210-pound summer. Quietly, without pub- them over the Atlantic by the frame on the shelf, and every two licity. the jeep slipped back into line of crumpled tissues bobbing hours they changed places. the Channel at Dover and follow- on mountainous seas. In a storm, the cabin must be ed the land route across Europe The radio, working again, sealed up altogether, and oil fumes and Asia as far as Singapore. A brought in the frantic Portugese from the engine soon make the air friend brought up the rear in a coast guard transmitter forlornly foul. Elinore, who is cursed with light pick-up with the expedition's crying "Alio Zheep. Alio Zheep" a non-seagoing stomach, could baggage. on all wavelengths, like a heart- often do no more than 15 minutes People who have never met Ben broken shepherd. Ben reassured at the wheel before Ben took over. Carlin and his wife invariably them that they were still afloat, After the hurricane subsided, say: "This trip proves that they and accepted an offer from the the expedition made Madeira with- are a brave and resourceful pair, Portugese Navy to rendcz-vous out further Incident, and touched but what else does it prove? Why with them at sea with fresh sup- the African coast in Spanish go to all this trouble?" Morocco on a dead-calm day. plies of gasoline. And "Why?" was the first ques- The Spanish authorities were Sleeping aboard, impossible dur- tion I put to Carlin in London. most helpful to the travellers, who ing the hurricane, is difficult at all It is not, I can assure you, a now faced the overland transit of times. Because of the hopeless gigantic publicity stunt, nor are the Sahara in their heavily over- shape of the hull from a 'naval- the. Carlins being paid by the loaded vehicle. (There is almost a design point of view, the jeep manufacturers of any of the equip- ton on each axle of the jeep, built waddles about at sea like a tipsy ment they are usi.ig. to carry a quarter that weight.) duck and must be continually A detachment of Spanish sol- Indeed, when the makers of the brought on to course. There are diers even filled in a dried river- jeep heard of the project they tried no hunks aboard, and indeed no bed with stones to enable them to to persuade Carlin not to go, as free space at all except a 4-foot by cross. they did not wish their product 2-foot shelf behind the two driving to he used in any suicide attempts scats. So, while Elinore drove, Ben • With the Atlantic behind them, the short hop across the Mediter- Neither of the pair seeks pub- ranean was a pleasant day's out- licity for their expedition, and ing. The pair then drove through newspapermen have a great deal Always ask for , . . Spain and France, into the Chan- of trouble getting the modest and nel at Dieppe and out again at self-deprecating Carlin even to Dover, where a regulation-cons- describe the harrowing experiences cious British policeman greeted they have had. SHELLEY'S Ben by asking for his driving "It is a challenge, like Everest, license, refused to believe that he the four-minute mile, or travel to FAMOUS DRINKS had come from France, let alone the moon," says Ben. America, and then arranged a tem- "There is no percentage in any porary driving card for the trium- of these things except that you Obtainable from leading phal trip up to London. have done something no one has shop* and saloons. The jeep by this time—the fall done before and, more important, of 1950—was in bad shape. The you have made yourself a pronyse pounding of the Atlantic and the and kept it. washboard roads of Africa had loosened every bolt, and rust had "I said that it- could be done, CORDIAL FACTORY attacked the thin metal of the and I would not like my friends hull. back in India to think I was a PTY. LTD. man who indulged in loose boast- While Elinore took a job with ing in bars. So I intend to prove the U.S. Air Force in Britain, Ben MURRAY STREET, that it can be done." rented a garage in London and MARRICKVILLE, And, if Ben and Elinore Carlin stripped the jeep down to a heap Loci children welcomed liooton.nt-Comm.nder J. Hum* .than at Y.rr. toy on J.Mary It to ro-MKt Govomor Phillip'. N5.W. fail to go round the world in their of parts. The rebuilding took close Snl landing there. Lieutenant-Commander H«ma it commanding officer of the minoivoopor H.MAS. "Wegga." which to three years of steady single- jeep, there's one thing you can be 'Phone: LA 5461. provided tha boat'i craw for Mm caramon,. handed work. quite sure of. It's impossible. * Everything was ready by last —From "The World Veteran." ir.l aiMuory. I,. I. , ioitmu* j | M THf NAVY . v ...... "... .; , ...' . .rJ doubled the apparent temperature sored tours to Death Valley and micro-seconds before their disin- of the beverage. The lateness of Boulder Dam. tegration. A U.S. Atomic Explosion —as Seen the hour and the chill desert kept Many Service personnel were The voice describes the position conversation to a glum minimum. recalled. The local paper quoted to be assumed by personnel in the A naked, white bulb gleamed in odds of five to two against the slit trenches — eyes closed, head by a Canadian Naval Observer the sky a few thousand yards shot going off. The Canadians two feet below ground level, body away, the only clue to the location travelled the length and breadth of braced on one knee facing ground of the steel tower bearing the Yucca Flats, in jeeps, Beaver air- . . Deep purple fades into lavender and then into creamy white until zero. The time reports increase nuclear device. craft and helicopters, assessing i in frequency. at last it is crowned with a snowy crest of snowy vapour." This is the There was nothing for Service variety of techniques for mapping One minute ... 30 seconds . . . colourful description of an atomic cloud by the writer of this article, re- personnel to clo but await the re- the radiation intensity over a fall- 15 seconds ... 10 seconds . . . published from "The Crow's Nest," the official journal of the Royal sults of the "Met" conference at out area. Out on the desert stood nine, eight, seven . . . zero. Canadian Navy. 0330 and shot-time minus one the silent tower and the equally There is a flash of light ... a hour. The Canadian party waited silent Doom City, its homes in- silent, white, blinding flash of light HE advent of atomic weapons Royal Canadian Navy who had a clean and contaminated ground. three nights on the desert for the habited by clothing-store dummies. that exceeds all expectations, al- in the closing phase of the first-hand view of atomic might The "Shot" was not fired until T announcement on each occasion. Wednesday, May 4, arrived though there have been many ad- Second World War left the were Rear-Admiral H. S. Rayner, May 4, and after a succession of "Sorry, gentlemen, the shot is off." with nothing to indicate that it vance warnings. It is hard to United States Armed Forces in Commodore K. L. Dyer and Cap- disappointing day-to-day postpone- On other occasions, except the last, held more hope than the preceding believe that eyes are closed and sole possession of the greatest tain (L) H. G. Burchell. ment. It was well known that the shot was cancelled before the days. Rumours were rampant hands covering the face below weapon of mass destruction the An invitation was also extended certain flashy gentlemen in Las buses left the camp. ground level. Vegas were eager to wager sizeable that a delay of from 48 hours to world had known. to a Canadian party of officers and It was a novel experience for The dazzling flash fades swiftly sums that it would not take place one week was imminent and the As long as this state of affairs men of the three Services to wit- naval personnel to sit out the and a stolen glance a second or so at all. betting in Las Vegas was two to endured, the Canadian services did ness an atomic explosion from for- "graveyard" watch in a slit trench one against the shot going off. later shows the edges of the trench not need to concern themselves ward slit trenches and to take part W>nd direction was the most 4000 feet above sea level in the undulating gently in a rosy glow. in the subsequent survey of the important factor in deciding However, the blue flag was greatly with the problems of de- bottom of a dried lake. A figure, Until now there has been a contaminated fall-out area. This whether or not an atomic device raised after the 1000 "Met" con- fence in nuclear warfare, but dressed in GI helmet, GI winter deadly hush and then blast wave portion of the tests was known as would be set off. During a series ference and it remained up past within a comparatively short clothing, Canadian Army bush and sound arrive simultaneously in "Exercise Sapling." of tests, such as Exercise Desert the 2130 conference time. For the period it became evident that other clothing and a borrowed blanket a shattering blow, like that ex- Rock VI in which a considerable first time in days there was an air countries, both inside and outside Personnel began preliminary or two, might emerge from the perienced when standing directly number of shots are fired, radio- of optimism as personnel piled the North Atlantic Treaty Or- training at Barriefield, Ont., in gloom. There was good reason below a discharging twin four-inch active fall-out could render re- into their buses for the midnight ganisation, were making rapid January, but it was not until April for this burden of clothing. Al- gun. strides in the production of atomic 20 that all had reached Camp peatedly - exposed land dangerous though temperatures on the desert ride to Yucca Flats. The night weapons. Desert Rock, Nevada. to man and beast for a long time. may have reached 100'F. under a had retained some of the previous The shock is so devastating that They were allotted quarters, The wind direction is, accordingly, blue sky and blazing sun the pre- day's heat and there was cheerful one scarcely notices the shower of Although Canada shared in the and hopeful chatter as the troops earth and stones tumbling into the pioneering scientific research eight to a tent, identical for watched carefully so that the fall- vious afternoon, in the dead of officers and men. While toilet out over any sector does not bring the night the mercury sank as low drank their coffee under a canopy trench. Heads are raised above which led to the release of energy of glittering stars. Even the bale- trench level into the cloud of dust from the atom, she chose after the and ablution facilities were on the the radioactivity to a dangerously as 23'F. super-market principle, designed high level. ful light on the "thing" seemed that is rolling across the desert. war to concentrate on nuclear Cracked lips, peeling noses and to have softened its sneer. There Little flames are flickering upward for numbers and gossip rather Because the shot which the studies outside the weapons field. blistered skin were common among were encouraging announcements along the exposed sides of a near- than privacy, they were remark- Canadian team was to witness was Thus it was that few Canadians, the men exposed to the sun and over the PA system at regular in- by Joshua tree. ably efficient, considering that all a comparatively large one and near civilian or members of the armed hot, dry winds of the desert. The tervals and at last the light on water was hauled from IS miles the end of the series, only a nar- And then Canadian eyes glimpse forces, had ever witnessed an wind at times built up to dan- the tower went out. Somebody awav in 2000-galIon trailers. row sector remained at the test site the awe-inspiring and incredibly atomic explosion, although defen- gerous velocities and one night 152 suggested they were going to sal- over which fall-out could be per- beautiful atomic cloud billowing sive measures were studied and Meals were served in tents or tents were demolished. None of vage the bulb. The time was shot mitted to occur. skyward, an ever-changing kaleido- exercised. long tin huts and the Canadians the Canadian tents was among time minus one hour. scope of colour. Deep purple fades Last year, however, the United were amazed at the standard main- A weather conference was held these. By herculean efforts and At shot time minus 15 minutes into lavender and then into creamy States Atomic Energy Commission tained despite sudden changes in at 1000 the day previous to "shot good "damage control" procedure, there are orders to assemble in the white until at last it is crowned agreed that Canadian armed forces the number of meals required and day" and if the predictions at they kept their shelters intact. personnel, sponsored by the U.S. serving times when "shots" were that time were favourable a blue assigned trenches. A calm voice with a snowy crest of frozen Army, should be invited to take cancelled with little warning. flag was raised at headquarters. The stamina of the naval per- tells of the role of the aircraft vapour. Busy, gnat-like jet air- part in a series of trials, called In the days preceding the The troops boarded buses or other sonnel was amazing. After a night which are in continuous patrol craft weave a cobweb of vapour "Exercise Desert Rock VI," at the scheduled date of the explosion vehicles at midnight and iribved of fruitless waiting in the slit over the area. The machinery for trails as they shepherd the atomic AEC Nevada proving grounds. they were to witness, April 26, the the 35 miles from the camp to the trenches or a day exercising on the test is already in motion as the cloud in its stately march to the Yucca Flats, they could be found countless automatic measuring de- northward, its. stem broken and it* Senior officers of the three armed members of the party were kept shot area. On arrival, a field kit- busy preparing equipment and chen provided buns and scalding hitching lifts to Lis Vegas or vices are put into action to send mushroom head already distorted services were asked to attend as lining up for U.S. Army - spon- out vital information in the last observers. Three officers of the running monitoring exercises on coffee, served in canteen cups that

It IMi MAW •i it increase in air strength. If re- the air frame which will take aloft Hie first commanding officer is ports from Japan were correct, as the first nuclear power plant." Captain (E) F. L. George, they appeared to be, Russia had Mr. Thomas also said the Navy R.A.N., who recently returned to NEWS OF THE WORLD'S NAVIES sent to the Pacific the biggest expects next year to begin build- Australia after visiting Royal naval convoy that had yet crossed ing a nuclear-powered aircraft- Navy apprentice training estab- the difficult Arctic sea route. carrier. lishments in the United Kingdom. American helicopters man Navy will be fully establish- United States submarine to have ed by the end of 1959. It is that name. The first (SS-305) The Budget bill now before the The Navy intends to enter 100 for Royal Navy Progress in American expected to comprise 170 ships was launched in April, 1943. committee provides for designing apprentices a year, each of whom Press messages from London last shipbuilding programme and 17,000 men, with the em- After making seven successful war and planning a nuclear plant for will do a four years' course. The month stated that the Admiralty phasis on destroyers of about 2200 patrols, the S\ate took part in the The United States Department a carrier, but not for its construc- trainees will be between 15 and will cancel an order for British tons. Bikini atom bomb tests and was of Defence has announced that it tion, he said. 17 and will need to have passed helicopters for anti - submarine It contains authorisation for a Under treaties with the Western one of the eight submarines to has contracted with the New York the sub-intermidate or intermediate work and will probably order 60,000-ton conventionally - driven Allies West Germany has agreed withstand successfully two explo- Shipbuilding Corporation to build examinations, or their equivalents. American Westland Sikorsky 58's. carrier and for a nuclear-driven not to build surface ships of more sions of the atom bomb. the fifth Forrestal class aircraft- ITe British helicopters original- carrier. light cruiser to serve as a guided than 3000 tons. The Swordfish is the second sub- Russia hands back ly ordered were the two-engined, missile ship. The West German Navy will marine to carry her name, too. It has also given a contract for Finnish Navy base j twin-rotor Bristol 191's. The include mine-layers, convoy escort The first (SS-139) was launched the construction of three ocean h^r. Thomas emphasised the Press message quoted an Admiral- Russia on January 20 began ships, mine-sweepers, coastal sub- in April, 1939, and made twelve minesweepers to Peterson Builders need for submarines, noting that ty statement as saying that a handing back to Finland the naval marines, assault landing craft, successful war patrols but was lost Inc., Wisconsin. They will be the bill provided for six more smaller helicopter was more suit- base at Porkkala, ten miles west training ships, and an air arm. of on her 13th in January, 1945. non-magnetic wooden vessels with atomic-driven submarines and the able for operating from aircraft- of Helsinki. two groups. I a length of 189 feet, a beam of conversion of one submarine to carriers and other ships. French Navy ships 36 feet, and a full load displace- launch guided missiles. The transfer was expected to have been completed late last The Westland Sikorsky 58 has R.A.N. carrier visits arrive at Suva ^ ment of 963 tons. one engine and one rotor. month. French port The French cruiser Jeanne The Surtbachi. first of a new Navy apprentice school The Royal Australian Navy's d'Arc reached Suva on January line of ammunition ships, was is commissioned The base was leased to Russia A new navy for launched on November 2. The in 1944, under the terms of the new aircraft-carrier, H.M.A.S. 21 with the escort ship La The Royal Australian Navy U.S. Defence Department des- Russo-Finnish armistice. West Germany Melbourne, visited the French Grandiere on their way to Aus- Apprentice Training Establishment cribes the ship as representing the The German Navy was re-born channel port of Le Havre on tralian and New Zealand ports. was commissioned on January 5 most recent devlopment in ships January 21. The cruiser carries 185 midship- and the first entry of apprentices on January 17 when the first 120 design to conduct rapid replenish- Greater the deed, greater the need. It was an informal visit. The men on a training cruise. is expected in June or July. Lightly to laugh it away, sailors of the new German Navy ment-at-sea operations of ammuni- carrier has been undergoing flying Shall be the mark of the Engliih breed paraded at Wilhelmshaven. tion explosives. Ships may be The establishment is at Scho- Until the Judgment Day. trials in the English Channel fol- Communist Navy, Air fields (N.S.W.). The West German Defence serviced along both sides of the —Rudyard Kipling. lowing her recent commissioning. build-up in East Minister took the salute, the Suribdchi. German flag was raised, and a H.M.A.S. Melbourne is expect- Hanson Baldwin, military editor The new ammunition ships are band played "Deutschland Uber ed to arrive in Australian waters of the "New York Times," last J named after volcanoes. Suribaclii VESSELS BUILT, SUPPED AND SERVICED. Alles." to join the Australian fleet about month said that continued J is a volcano on Iwo Jima. According to the London the middle of this year. strengthening of Communist DIESEL, MARINE AND GENERAL ENGINEERING. Forces in the Far East was causing "Times," West Germany has American plan for RIGGERS AND SHIPWRIGHTS. asked Britain and the United Names given to United States military leaders con- nuclear seaplane All classes of repairs and conversion work carried out. States to help her build up her new atomic subs. cern. MARINE INSTALLATIONS. MODERN SLIPWAY AVAILABLE new N .vy. The newspaper's cor- The names of the U.S. Navy's The main build-up was in naval The UlS. Navy's Seamaster sea- plane may be the first aircraft to FOR ALL TYRES OF CRAFT. respondent in Bonne says that the third and fourth nuclear-powered and air forces, he said. Reports • West German Government has submarines have been announced indicated that about 7000 planes fly on nuclear power, the Navy asked Britain to sell it seven by the United States Department —about one-third of the Com- Secretary, Mr. Charles Thomas, frigates and has asked America for of the Navy. They are the U.S.S. munist bloc's total air power—are \ said on January 19. the loan of twelve destroyers. Sfcate (SSN-578) and U.S.S. now based in Communist China, ( The Seamaster is an experimen- 4. & W. Engineering West German sources say the Swordfish (SSN-579). North Korea, and Siberia. | tal plane now powered by non- & Ship Repair Co. first units of the new Navy will The S)[

14 THE NAVY FofcfMiT. in*. HOW THE NAVY SPENT CHRISTMAS IN PENANG

SPECIAL Correspondent in for most of them it was their first A H.M.A.S. "Tobruk" has sent visit to a warship. us this account, in diary form, of On Friday night chief and petty how the ship's company spent officers were entertained by the Christmas at P e n a n g . The Sergeants' Mess at the 105th Field "Tobnik" is in Malayan waters Artillery Regiment, R.A.A., at as part of the strategic reserve. Butterworth. Pictured at right, by Australian Saturday, 24th December: A Photographic Agency staff photo- bus trip around the island of grapher, is the Tobrulj" steam- Penang was arranged for 20 ing through heavy seas in the ratings, who thoroughly enjoyed Australian Bight on her way to the scenic views. The tour also Malaya. included a trip in the cable rail- Thursday, 22nd December: way to Penang Hill. Tennis was Activities began with a cocktail played against the R.A.R., Tobru^ party for the Captain and officers winning by one game. A water at the residence of the Resident polo match was played against the Commissioner. In a most con- 2nd Battalion R.A.R. officers, who genial atmosphere heads of the defeated Tobruk 4-3. lighting and civil service and lead- ing citizens were met. During The majority of officers and the cocktail party invitations to ratings found their way to the dinner were offered and accepted. Penang racecoursc for the opening All officers reported having a very day of the Christmas - New Year good time at the various dinners. meeting. Despite numerous tips and lucky potents the totalisator Second Battalion R.A.R Ser- finished up the winner. However, geants' Mess at Minden Barracks, everyone was surprised with the Penang, issued an invitation for a splendid layout of the course and formal evening to 20 chief and the excellent facilities—only a par- petty officers. An excellent buffet tition separated the tote pay-out dinner was provided and many from a well-stocked bar. friend* were made. Friday, 23rd Decembers Friday R.S.L. Christmas parcels were saw 10 officers and civilians and distributed during the forenoon 50 other ranks embarked in and were very popular. The two Tobru\ for a day at sea. The bottles of beer per man received visitors were shown over the ship with the parcels were placed in and witnessed burning of smoke the ship's cold room for Christmas floats, firings of practice squid, and Day. firing of main armament. The On Saturday night Christmas 4.5's fired star shells which were shopping continued and on board Sunday, 25th December: Christ- decorations. ihe hard work , roast pork, ham, apple permeated the ship during the used as targets for the close range the midnight oil was burned finish- mas Day dawned dear and bright. which had gone into the prepara- sauce, seasoned gravy, peas, cauli- afternoon. weapons. ing off the Christmas decorations Facilities weer made available for tions produced very good results. flower, baked potatoes, Christmas Monday, 26 December: A bus The seaboat was lowered to re- in the mess decks. Since leaving all denominations to attend the The officers decided to give a car- pudding and brandy sauce, raisins tour for 20 ratings was arranged. cover the practice squid projectiles. Australia there has been keen various churches ashore and ton of 500 cigarettes to the best and mixed nuts was very well Golf was played against the When the seaboat was hoisted, the competition between the various prayers were held on the forecastle mess. This selection proved no cooked. The cooks had worked Army, who proved superior and soldiers and airmen assisted in messes to win the weekly cake for at 0930. The beer issue was made easy task and was finally awarded through Christmas eve to ensure defeated Tobru^'s team 3—0. manning the falls with great en- the best mess. This custom was with dinner and at 1200 the Cap- to No. 2 mess, a forecastle sea- that nothing was lacking. Most of the watch ashore took thusiasm. On return to harbour revived as an experimnt eand the tain and all officers walked through men's mess. All mess decks were The welfare committee provided advantage of this last day to visit the visitors expressed their delight results have been so gratifying that every mess to wish everyone a excellent. each member of the ship's company newly-made friends and for a last 1 for having had a first-class day— it has been retained as a routine. merry Christmas and to admire the The Christmas dinner of roast with a cigar and a rich aroma Continued on p«f• 19 » It ; THE NAVY F*bm#iy, Itli,

• •••' _ Ml I CHRISTMAS IN PENANC Continued from paqo 17 | A Scrub-down for H.M. Submarine Tactician A PROUD RECORD look at Penang. The consensus of I opinion being that if Christmas The Royal Navy Submarine "Tactician" left Sydney for England couldn't be spent at home. Penang last month after two years' service with the Royal Australian Navy was the place to spend it. •yACTICIAN, one of the many ports on the Far East The Captain and officers held a Triton class, was built by Station. cocktail party at 1930 to return some of the overwhelming hos- Messrs. Vickers Armstrong at Bar- In Japan in early 1952 she was row in Fumess, launched on July pitality extended by the Services giving anti-submarine training to and citizens of Penang. 29, 1942, and completed in the United Nations ships in the November of the same year. An unusual family reunion took Korean War. Later in that year place when Petty Officer Edward Tactician first saw war service she was in Subic Bay exercising C. Baum, 28, invited his younger in (he Mediterranean in the early with the American Navy. She brother, Private Fred Baum, 20, months of 1943, where she served has twice visited Hong Kong and of 2nd Battalion, R.A.R., on with distinction, earning the battle New Zealand, has cruised to Tas- hoard Tobrtilt for Christmas din- honours of Sicily, 1943. and Medi- mania and the Fiji Islands, and has ner. The Baum brothers were terranean, 1943. In 1944 she left been at Melbourne coincident born in Bunhury. W A, and after for the East Indies Station, where with the Melbourne Cup. attending school there the family she served until the termination of moved to Perth. It was in Pert} hostilities against Japan. In September, 1954, she took part in a large-scale combined fleet in 1944 that the brothers were last After a two years' spell at home. exercise at Manus, and early in together. Tactician left for the Mediter- 1955 was at Singapore for ranean in January, 1949, and in ANZAC 1. May, 1950, left for service on the TWO MARINES BEGIN Australian Station, arriving in Her activities with the Fourth TRANSATLANTIC Sydney to join the newly formed Squadron have been extensive and VOYAGE Fourth Submarine Squadron in varied, with several trips through Two marines begin August. 1950. the Barrier Reef to her credit and transatlantic voyage While at Sydney her time has visit to the extremities <*f the Two Royal Marine officers been spent working with the Station. paddled a 25ft. sailing boat out of Australian Navy and Air Force, Tactician leaves the Suuadron a creek at Frinton, Essex, into the but although based at Sydney with a work and travel record to North Sea on January 3 on the Tactician has become known in be proud of. first stage of an 8800-mile voyage. Major Ian Major and Major Gordon Sillars hope to dock their boat in New York Harbour by POOLE & STEEL LTD. June. They estimate the total cost of fuel for the voyage at £6/6/-. They nlan to navigate the in- 43 STEPHEN ST., BALMAIN, land waterways of France, stop- N.S.W. ping at Paris, Dijon and Lyons. From Majorca and Gibraltar the Telephone: WB 2511 sloop will sail 700 miles into the Atlantic, stopping at the Canaries. General Engineers, Boilermakers, Shipbuilders, Dredge Builders The big hon will be to Barbados, then to the Florida coast of the Plans, Specifications and Estimates prepared United States and inland to New for Mining Dredges and Plant of all kinds. York city. Electric Welding and Oxy-Acetylene Work. I aueli and the world laughs with-you; Weep, and vou weep alone: For s?d old earrh must borrow its Ratings preparing H.M. Submarine "Tacticia n" for her voyage beck to England last month. Telegrams: mirth. "POOLSTEEL," BALMAIN, N.S.W. But has trouble enouefa of its own. —Ella Wheeler Wilcox. February, 1956. II THE NAVY MARITIME NEWS OF THE Court of Petty Sessions on January They were taken on board a to rely on catching rain for drink- 16 for unlawful possession of Dutch tug which took their ship ing water. opium valued at £10,000. in tow. They caught the rain in gar- The magistrate said he had no Storms kept in port ferry- ments and rung out the water into doubt there was "some scheme or shipping between West Germany half coconut shells. plot" to get the opium into and Scandinavia. Their only navigational aids Sydney. were a Boy Scout compass and a The defendants acted together French Polar ship small map of the East Indies pasted WORLD reaches her base and were apparently bringing in a school exercise book. From our 1 opium in "on a very large scale," The French Antarctic expedi- They were later taken to Dar- he sdd. tion in the ice-breaker Jsforsel win. LONDON and NEW YORK The Chinese pleaded guilty reached the coast of Adelie Land By thr. ugh an interpreter. on January 3. Disembarkation Chinese gunboat hold* began in good conditions, accord- up British ship AIR MAIL Evidence was given that the Chinese had the opium strapped ing to reports from Paris. A Nationalist Chinese gunboat to their legs, in their socks, and The Norse I, 592 tons, left on January 15 prevented the 979- part of the Antarctic coast. They Antarctica a single Shackleton was forced to turn in their waist-bands. Hobart on December 26. Four- ton British freighter Hydraloc^ intend to establish a base there for land mass back when only 85 miles from the teen French explorers and scien- from entering the Chinese Com- the main British Commonwealth The leader of the United States Pole. The correspondent said that British test ship leaves tists, lead by veteran Polar ex- munist port of Foochow. Shackleton's base camp, on a little expedition next year. for Monte Bello plorer Rogel GuQlard, will set up Navy's task force engaged in The Royal Navy later an- hollowed-out shelf over the frozen Just before the Theron s break- two bases for other French scien- 'Operation Deep Freeze," Admiral The 2250-ton tank-landing ship nounced that the frigate St. ice of McMurdo Sound, still through, Dr. Fuchs began dyna- tists taking part in the 1957-58 George Dufek, last month stated Narvik last month sailed from Bride's Bay hurried to the scene stands. A wooden hut about 40 miting the ice which imprisoned Geophysical Year. that his long-range aircraft had Malta for tests of nuclear weapons and the Hydraloc^ entered Foo- feet by 20 feet had whitened over his ship. established that Antarctica was a in the Monte Bello Islands, off chow the following morning with- the years but was still in good con- Barges engulfed by single land uiass. Air reconnaissance showed that the West Australian coast, the out further incident. dition. huge waterspout Earlier explorers believed that a the ship was locked in four square London "Daily Express" corres- A huge waterspout struck eight strait connecting the Ross and Scattered around the hut were miles of ice, four to six feet thick pondent at Malta said on January barges off Daiozaki Point, Mie Two boy stowaways Weddell Seas divided the con- tins, bales, and boxes. They con- 16. Sequel to Japanese Province, Japan, on January 18. on small trawler tinent. tained hams, soup, marrow, fat, He said the ship had been con- corn kernels, concentrated fruits, ferry sinking Eye-witnesses said the water- Two schoolboy stowaways were Admiral Dufek said that flights verted into a floating laboratory and other foodstuffs for man and A Marine Court of Inquiry at spout was a quarter of a mile high reported aboard a tiny fishing by ten long-range aircraft had re- and headquarters, in which scien- beast. Kobe (Japan) on January 17 dis- and travelled for about mile. trawler plunging through the vealed that the area once believed tists would spend a year in atomic ciplined the captain of the ship North Sea towards Arctic fishing to be occupied by an ice-locked Some of the boxes were marked and radio-activity research. The eight barges wpre being Uta^a Maru III for a collision in grounds on January 18. strait was composed of a range of "British Antarctic Expedition, towed by the 41-ton tugboat the Inland Sea last May when the Ships abandoned in The skipper of the trawler, the 15,000ft. mountains. 1908." Others were left by the Shinei Maru when they were en- 1917 expedition. ferry Shiun Maru sank with the North Sea gale gulfed. Tow-ropes snapped, one 79-ton Stella Canopus. Captain Four aircraft of "Operation loss of 168 lives. Rough seas whipped by gale barge went straight down, another Don Tennyson, radioed that he Deep Freeze" on January 18 flew In the hut all' but one window force winds pounded the coast of was badly damaged, and two had found the boys, who had been more than 2000 miles from were intact. Caribou-skin sleep- The Shiun Maru (1509 tons) ing bags were lying about. On a and the Uta\a Maru III (1282 Britain and north-west Europe others ran aground. missing from their homes since McMurdo Sound in the Antarctic late last month. January 15. to Christchurch, N.Z. The com- wall, not even yellow, was a pic- tons) collided in fog, although The other four, their seamen Tugs and went lifeboats to the He said the bovs were safe and manding squadron officer. Com- ture of King Edward VII and both had radar. The Shiun dazed and injured, and the tug aid of British, Italian and Nor- he did not intend to turn back. mander Ebbe, said three of the Queen Alexandra. Maru'j captain went down with reached port Several seamen are wegian ships reported in difficul- He is a former shipmate of the aeroplanes had flown over the his ship. missing. British ship break* out ties. father of one of the boys, Frederick South Pole, one of them twice. The Court, which had been sit of ice trap Teenage sailors' nightmare Scholes, 13. Frederick's father He said he was disappointed that ting for more than five months, Two crews abandoned ship. The British Commonwealth voyage across the Timor was washed overboard from a the aircraft had not been able to found the captain of the Utal^a A Danish tanker rescued the Antarctic ship Theron late last Six teenage Indonesians were trawler and drowned 14 months land. The terrain of the Pole Maru III "guilty of negligence crew of the Glasgow ship Hem'es- month began cutting through ice driven 700 miles across the Timor ago. was flat and a light plane would contributing to the collision" and bum (1699 tons), which was flows in the Weddell Sea towards Sea last month in a 20-foot boat. have been able to land. suspended his licence for three ablaze in the middle of the Katte- The other young stowaway, a possible escape route. months. gat on January 22. The boat was heavilv laden with Gordon Stainton, 14, was told he An American Associated Press The Theron had been trapped The crew of 16 of the Nor- copra and had only six inches of could never be a fisherman because £10,000 worth of opium correspondent with the expedition in the ice for three weeks. The wegian ship Sbanholm (1320 tons) freeboard. doctors had amputated one of his reported on January II that the leader of the expedition is Dr. seized in Sydney abandoned ship north of the Dog- They were seven days at sea, feet. explorers found food—still edible Vivian Fuchs. He and his party Five Chinese crew members of ger Bank when she listed heavily from Timor to Bathurst Island. Captain Tennyson will return —left by Sir Ernest Shackleton's of explorers had been trying to the British tanker Surf Patrol after her deck cargo of timber For the last three days they had the boys to their mothers when his expedition 48 years ago. reach Vahset Bay, on Coats Land, were each fined £100 in a Sydney shifted. only coconuts for food and had cruise ends early in February.

THCNAVT Tcbrury, IWfc. tl Piwomlitiw Mr. Bovtch«r Mr Boutcher enjoys a reputa- being promoted to that rank at Mr. E. P. Watts; Mr. H. S. Mr. E. E. (Ted) Boutcher, tion for deep insight and great the end of the year. G. Wolfe. American Admiral Presents Administrative Officer, Garden understanding, and his judgment His first ship was H.M.A.S. Secreatry: Mr. R. I. Rae. Island, retired on 24th January and opinions have been widely Adelaide, at the beginning of Australian Sea Cadet Committee: U.S. Award to R.A.2V. Officer after more than 42 years with the sought and respected throughout 1923. In July of that year he Chairman: Lt. Cdr. G. E. Commonwealth Public Service — the local Command during his Rodney Brown, R.A.N.V.R. A DMIRAL FELIX B. STUMP, with his usual dash and vigour. proceeded to the United Kingdom He has shown himself to be fear- most of that time at Garden length of office. to the Royal Naval Engineering Representing Sea Cadet Corps: United States Commander- Island. Sea Cadet Commander L. F. in-Chief, Pacific, presented the '<•55. a natural leader in the air, In the very difficult years of College at Keyham, where he re- and an outstanding example of Mr. Boutcher joined the Ser- World War II' he carried very mained till August, 1927. On his Forsythe, Sea Cadet Ltd. Cdr. Legion of Merit (Degree of Of- D. J. Mort. ficer) to Acting-Commander W. what a fighter pilot should be. vicc when Garden Island was un- serious responsibilities as civil ad- . return to Australia he was ap- Thanks to his inspired leadership der the control of the Royal Navy. viser and secretarial mainstay to pointed to H.M.A.S. Sydney. Naval Liaison Officer: Lt. Cdr. G. Bowles, D.S.C., R.A.N., o.i G. M. Dixon, D.S.C., January 17 for his outstanding his squadron has enjoyed some His first trip to the Island was by the senior authorities administer- At the otubreak of war he was very marked successes." rowing boat from M>nO-War ing the Sydney Naval Establish- D.S.C., R.A.N.V.R. services to the United States serving in H.M.A.S. Australia, Committee: Capt. S. Darling, Government in action against the The citation for the award of Steps. He witnessed the birth of ments. from which ship he went in April, the Royal Australian Navy in His comprehensive knowledge D.S.C., V.R.D., R.A.N.R.; Communists in the Korean war. the Legion of Merit by the. United 1941, to H.M.A.S. Adelaide, with Capt. W. Pearson; Cdr. (S) The ceremony took place at States Government is as follows:— 191 J. At the outbreak of the of local administrative procedure, the rank of acting-commander. Great War in 1914 he was still his capacity for sound interpreta- J. D Bates, V.R.D., Navy Office, Melbourne, in the "For exceptionally meritorious In January, 1942, he went to a young clerk working in the same tion of the many complicated in- R.A.N.V.R. presence of Vice-Admiral R. R. conduct in the performance of Mort's Dockyard, Sydney, as building he occupied at the end of dustrial regulations and awards Secretary: Mr. R. I. Rae. Dowling. C.B., C.B.E.. D.S.O., outstanding services to the Gov- Principal Naval Overseer, and his service a few days ago. and his individual ability and men- Finance and Membership First Naval Member of the Aus- ernment of the United States as from December, 1942, to the end Sub-Committee: tralian Comonwealth Naval Board tal alertness have won him the Commander of 805 Squadron, He recalls sleeping in his present highest esteem. of 1943 he was at Navy Office Mr. F. E. Trigg. Lt. Cdr. H. D. and Chief of the Naval Staff, and based on H.M.A.S. Sydney, while office on the night before World and then at Australian Shipping Reid,. R.A.N.V.R.. Mr. E. P. other members of the Board. serving with the United Nations' War I was officially declared, It could be said that Mr. Board on the Staff of the Third Watts, Mr. R. I. Rae. Admiral Stump was in Mel- Blockading and Escort Force. awaiting news of German ship- Boutcher is an institution at Naval Member as Director of Garden Island. No-one has a Publications Sub-Committee: bourne for the S.E.A.T.O. Mili- Naval Forces Far East, during ping in the Pacific Ocean. Shipping. Mr. V. Tadgell, Mr. F. E. tary Advisers' Conference. operations against enemy aggres- greater knowledge of its growth Soon after the outbreak of hos- and of its history over the years. At the end of 1943 he was ap- Trigg, Mr. H. S. G. Wolfe, Mr. Acting - Commander Bowles, sor forces in Korea. An inspiring pointed commander (E' of R. I. Rae. and aggressive leader, Lieutenant- tilities, Mr. Boutcher was seconded When he leaves, part of Garden who is at present Chief Staff for duty in the hospital ship which Island will go with him. His very H.M.A.S. Hobart, in which ship Officer (Air) to the Flag Officer- Commander Bowles personally led he was serving at the cessation of his squadron in many successful accompanied the Australian con- manv friends — uniformed and in-Charge, East Australian Area, tingent to New Guinea and was civilian alike — together with col- hostilities in September, 1945. Ship collision off Sydney, had already been award- attacks on enemy forces, installa- Dutch coast tionh, bridges and road-nets along present at the German surrender leagues from other Government ed the Distinguished Service Cross New Commit-feat the west coast of Korea, provided at Rabaul. departments with whom he has Only one man has been report- by tl.e Queen in August, 1952, been associated will wish him ed saved from the 288-ton Nor- for his Korean services. In the effective close air support to the Later he returned to Garden The New South Wales Division Eighth Army ground forces, and Island and subsequently enlisted in many years of happiness in his of the Navy League of Australia wegian motorship Sirabuen, which rank of I ieutenant-Commander he retirement.—J.J. was in collision with the Brazilian was Command'ne Officer of 805 made possible the close naval the A.I.F. He served with a field has elected the following commit- blockade of West Korea by recon- ambulance unit in France and Bel- tees for this year:— ship Loidc Venezuela (5408 tons) (Sea Fury Fighter) Squadron, off the Dutch coast during a bliz- which was embarked in the air- naissance flights in marginal and gium, and returned once more to Captain Bull HS.W. Divisional Committee: adverse weather. Through his Garden Island in 1919, where he zard on January 10. craft carrier Sydney in Korean Captain J. W. N. Bull, R.A.N., President: Rear-Admiral H. A. waters from September, 1951, un- sound judgment and skill in pro- held office until 1939. The Brazilian ship sent a radio will take up the appointment of Showers, C.B.E. (Retd ). message saying that after an hour's til February, 1952. viding air spot with planes of his Vice-President: Cdr. W. L. squadron, he was instrumental in At this stage he was transferred General Manager, Garden Island, search it had saved the chief officer The citation for the ward of the to Mielbourne for 18 months with this month. Reilly, R.A.N'. (Retd.). of the Sirabuen but that the rest the successful gun strikes against Hon. Treasurer: Mr. F. E. Distinguished Service Cross by the enemy shore batteries by surface the Department of Defence Co- Captain Bull entered the R.A.N. of the Norwegian ship's crew was Queen read:— ordination. The promotion of College in 1919. At Passing Out Trigg. lost and the ship was sinking. units of the West Coast Blockad- Committee: Cdr. (S) J. D. "Lieutenant-Commander Bowles ing and Escort Element. By his Mr. F. H. Smith to Navy Office, in December. 1922, he was award- Bates, V.R.D., R.A.N.V.R.; has proved himself to be the most skilled airmanship, courage and as Deputy Director of Navy Ac- ed "maximum time" and the outstanding operational pilot in unswerving devotion to duty, counts (later to become Finance prizes for engineering theory and Lt. Cdr. G. E. Rodney the Sydney Carrier Air Group. Lieutenant - Commander Bowles Member of the Naval Board), left for physics and chemistry. Brown, R.A.N.V.R.; Capt. Keep a Geod Although he has been shot down contributed materially to the suc- the way open for Mr. Boutcher's He became a midshipman in S. Darling, D.S.C., V.R.D., cnce and on numerous occasions cess of the naval campaign in the return to Garden Island as Civil Mav. 1923, sub-lieutenant (E) in R.A.N.R.; Cdr. F. M. Lookout had his aircraft damaged by enemy Korean conflict and upheld the Secretary, in which appointment March, 1926, and lieutenant (E) Osborne, D.S.C., MP.; Mr. FOR THE NEXT ISSUE OF gunfire he has remained complete- highest traditions of the Naval he continued to his retirement. two years later. L. J. Pearson; Lt. Cdr. H. D. ly imperturbable and has con- Service." The title recently was changed to A lieutenant-commanded (E) Reid, R.A.N.V.R.; Cdr. A. The iV«r(f tinued to fly against the enemy Administrative Officer. in March. 196, he became acting- S. Storey, D.S.C., R.A.N. commander (E) in April, 1941, (Retd ); Mr. V. Tadgell; : 22 • >m .. r THE NAVY ! February, n H PROVIDING SEA-TIME this equipment to study at sea the problems of the user and the main- Strange Craft WtiuMg Completes Vogage FOR SCIENTISTS tenance staff. During the past 18 months the By a Special Correspondent in London fleets have been able to accommo- date about one hundred civil cientists, designs and The Chief of the Royal Naval scientific officers of the Crown in S Scientific Service has always re- various ships for periods varying others concerned with the garded it as important that mem- between a few days and four or development of new equipment for the Royal Navy are being bers of his staff should have sea five weeks. Included in this num- granted increasing facilities for experience. But long periods at ber are staff representatives from service afloat to study the prob- sea arc possible only for a small Ministry of Supply establishments, lems of those who use their proportion of those engaged on which are responsible for most of equipment in H.M. Ships. research, design and the produc- the airborne electronic equipment The Controller of the Navy, tion of naval equipment. Many, for the Navy. Designers and en- Admiral Sir Ralph Edwards, including draughtsmen, do, how- gineers of industrial firms engaged K.C.B., C.B.E., believes these ever, go in ships for trials and on Admiralty work have also been visits pay handsome dividends, inspections, even if they do not embarked in this way on what has and it is hoped that sca-time for proceed to sea. become known as "the electronics civil scientists and designers, at all ticket." levels, will become an increasing As fleet scientific advisors, a member of the Royal Naval Scien- feature of Naval planning. ATOMIC EXPLOSION tific Service, who has usually at- The ability to defend ourselves Continued from paga 12 tended the Naval Staff Course at depends in great measure on scien- by the windws of the stratosphere. the Royal Naval College, Green- tific preparedness. Planning to- The time is approximately 0530. day is at the mercy of scientific wich, and the Joint Services Staff The troops have had four hours discovery and invention. The Course at Latimer, is attached to of sleep in the last 24 and their closest liaison must, therefore, be each of the staffs of the Comman- work is just beginning. maintained between those who ders-in-Chief, Home Fleet and The day promises to be hot, but provide equipment and those who Mediterranean Fleet. During the hours ahead are to show how use it. fleet exercises a number of civil well the troops have profited from officers are embarked in various the time spent in training. For some time naval officers units of the fleets as observers to The Exercise Sapling party have been specially appointed to study the general problems of vehicles gather personnel from the naval research and development operation and weapon efficiency. trench area and move off to begin establishments in an endeavour to a detailed survey of the fall-out In recent years the amount and ensure that civilian officers fully zone, the first to be attempted by complexity of electronic equip- appreciate naval problems. But a Canadian radiation team or- scientists and designers cannot ment now fitted in ships has in- ganised specifically for this type of acquire full knowledge and appre- creased to such an extent that operation in the field. They leave ciation through the experience of special efforts are made to enable clad in protective clothing and others. the designers and producers of carrying respirators, their depar- ture followed by the curious stares of U.S. service personnel whose For SHEER STRENGTH mission as observers has been almost completed. The main show is over, but the lUnMM J succeeding hours show that the techniques learned earlier in Canada and on the desert are effective and practical. They EMU show, too, the marked ability of kND LINEN THREADS naval personnel to adapt them- selves to unusual regulations, new Frank Kubala, 29, on the Kapok-log raft which ha sailed into Sydney Harbour recently after a Manufacture fey CM. Ktwur ft Saas ftjr. Ltd. techniques and an entirely strange years voyage from Cooktown, Queensland. This picture was taken in Watsons Bay, Sydney, environment.—J.P.K. ha was towed after passing through the heads.

14 THE NAVY Primary, Iftt. for Sea Cadets rative, in which the complex pro- One of a series of articles cess of deceiving the enemy and on appreciation of the Arts, penetrating his secrets and in- published by arrangement WHY UNDERSTAND ART? trigues is clearly unfolded before with the Royal Society of the entranced reader. By DOROTHY HELMRICH St. George. Founder and President of the Arts Council of Australia. —H.G.T., in the London "Navy." "The Eyes of the Navy,. A Bio- fully that they accepted it as real. "Run Silent, Run Deep." By TF/1TH the quickcning of in- sharing the experiences of the and enable him to live a richer and graphical Study of Admiral Sir Sir William James's story of the Edward L. Beach; published by ** terest in the arts in Aus- artists performing these things for more satisfactory life. Reginald Hall." By Admiral Sir luxury yacht, apparently owned by Wingate (London). tralia, in such a tangible form as us. It is better still if he docs some William James; published by a wealthy German-American and This is yet another of our old the establishment of our first If it is a play it will either of these things himself. Methuen (London). blamelessly flying American friends, the life story of a war- The generation in the Navy ship, this time of an American National Theatre and the pro- stimulate us mentally and give us We have a rich cultural inheri- colours as she cruised along the that knew "Blinker Hall" is fast submarine. The author of the posed Opera House on the shores something to think about, or per- tance from Great Britain, and the west coast of Ireland, beats many passing away; but in the years tale served with the American of the harbour, one pauses to think haps it will make us laugh. Both many New Australians coming fictional thrillers. Hall's great in- before the First World War, his Navy during the late war, and is about the real meaning of such arc good, for what is life without into the country are bringing their novation, however, was the use he was a name to conjure with. He movements. thought and laughter? culture with them. All this, blend- made of interception of wireless now a naval aide-de-camp to was known as a strict disciplina- President Eisenhower. I have been asked many times, I think it is most important that ed with what we have to con- messages, and the organisation he rian, yet one who could get the "what is the function of the arts young people should grow up with tribute, will produce an Aus- set up for penetrating the Ger- His yarn is certainly exciting, best of any ship's company, and a in our daily life?" I think we must a knowledge of the arts. Pla"s, tralian culture through which our mans' secret codes and cyphers— for the submarine's task is to fine seaman whose ships broke all regard the arts as entertainment, ballet, opera, music, art exhibitions people will express themselves and the closest of secrets at the time, haunt the fairways of Japanese records in gunnery. in the best sense of the word. should be part of their life. They in their turn create things of though all disclosed since—in the merchant shipping and thereby to In 1913 he was given command When we sec a play, or a ballet, help to develop imagination — a beauty and strength which will .famous "Room 40," of which run the gauntlet of every anti- of the finest ship in the Navy, the or listen to a symphony or an response to colour, sound, and enrich the lives of the people and Commander James was brought submarine device from aeroplanes new battle-cruiser Queen Mary in opera we should be so entertained language. They wake the more entertain them at the same time. back from sea to be the head. to minefields. which, with his present biographer that we arc for the time being subtle side of a person's nature In the submarine are two men Continued on peg* 32 as his Commander, he introduced That enabled German intrigues at loggerheads with one another, a number of innovations in or- all over the world to be unmasked and a host of lesser types such as ganisation at which many old —thus incidentally deciding the one meets in any Warship. Their fogies shook their heads in dis- United States to join the Allies— conflicts provide sub-plots to the approval; but later they were all but it needed all Hall's skill to do adopted enthusiastically through- so convincingly without disclosing main theme of warfare under the JOIN THE NAVY LEAGUE out the fleet. to the enemy how that result had sea. been achieved. We are accustomed nowadays It is doubtful if he, his Admiral to descriptions of depth-charges Hall thus became a power (Beatty) or his ship's company and crash-dives and torpedo- amongst the political heads of were the more grieved when ill- attacks; nor are the amorous Allied Governments, and it was a ness compelled him to come ashore imaginings of warriors (male or The object of the Navy League in Australia, like its older counterpart, the Navy League in Britain, bitter disappointment to him when a month or two after the outbreak female) wholly unknown to is to insist bv all means at its disposal upon the vital importance of Sea Power to the British Common- he was excluded from the Peace of war in 1914; but the Navy readers of post-war fiction. Even wealth of Nations. The League also sponsors the Australian Sea Cadet Corps to interest the right type Conference and, through jealousy, gained, after all, for he became so, this author holds our attention of lads in the Royal Australian Navy — either to start them upon a career or to provide a healthy his work at the Admiralty was re- Director of Naval Intelligence, a and is able to jog it at tense pleasurable means of qualifying them to be of service in the Senior Service in the event of emergency. fused all recognition at the end of job for which he was supremely moments in the story. The League consists of Fellows (Annual or Life) and Associates. the war. He retired and entered qualified. English N.O.S will observe the All British subjects who signify approval to the objects of the League are eligible. Parliament, where he had a dis- The work of the Intelligence friendly ways of the American tinguished political career. He MAY WE ASK YOU TO JOIN Division up to then had been fleet in which (when he feels died in 1943. and swell our members so that the Navy League in Australia may be widely known and exercise an somewhat humdrum, a routine friendly) the Commander is important influence in the life of the Australian Nation? business of receiving reports and Sir William James naturally de- "Buddy" to his "buddies." Ice passing out the gist of them to the votes most of his biographical cream, chicken soup, and pressed For Particulars:— NAVY LEAGUE, fleet, but Hall had much more live sketch to Hall's remarkable trousers (or pants) are parts of Secretary: 312 Flinders Street, Melbourne, C.l., Victoria. ideas of what it should be. achievements as D.N.I. The full the impedimenta of modern demo- . Secretary: 83 Pitt Street, Sydney, N.S.W. He was a master at organising details of that have been given to cratic warfare as it is waged by Hon. Secretary: 12 Pirie Street, Adelaide, South Australia. spies, whose task was not only to the world long sinoe, in Official America. Hon. Secretary: Box 1441T, G.P.O., Brisbane, Queensland. penetrate the enemy's secrets but Histories and the memoirs of Hon. Secretary: 62 Blencowe Street, West Leederville, W.A. Definitely, then, this is good en- also to foil the enemy's "cloak- politicians, so tbat he discloses no Hon. Secretary: 726 Sandy Bay Rd.. Lower Sandy Bay, Hobart. tertainment. It has no pretensions and-dagger men," to feed them new secrets. But he has skilfully Hon. Secretary: 49 Froggatt Street, Turner, Canberra, A.C.T. to appear literature, but it is well with spurious information so skil- woven them into a connected nar- Contimod OR page 32 14 THE NAVY Fobraary, I9M. 2T light and fire a red rocket one nothing more of one another until squally ... up and down with minute afterwards; and the Cowes was reached. topsails and staysails as weather FIRST ATLANTIC YACHT RACE Vesta will burn a white light The following extracts cf the demanded. At 6 a.m. blowing By Captain ft. Barry O'Brien and fire a white rocket one Henrietta's log, kept by Captain hard, handed all light sails. Day minute afterwards. Samuels, give a fair indication of breaks dark and heavy, with In the early days of yacht-racing contests were generally the result As the day of the start of the the weather and conditions they heavy hail and snow squalls . . . of private wagers between individual owners. Such was the first recorded race approached the Henrietta be- encountered:— ship fairly dancing over the came the favourite, largely owing water, often at the rate of 13 trans-Atlantic yacht race, in 1866, between the American schooners Wednesday, December 12: Very to the fact that her young owner knots. . . . Everything as trim Henrietta, Fleetwing and Vesta. heavy squalls with sleet and had made it known that he intend- and comfortable as on shore. snow . . . ship running under ed to sail in her. rather than await TPHE wealthy owners of these respectively, were quite agreeable who had done well with her and mainsail, foresail, jib and flying Sunday, December 16: Strong the outcome of the race in New three hoats were dining to- to this suggestion, especially as the jib . . . every prospect of a northerly winds, with violent won several closely contested York, like the owners of his two gether in New York one summer's Henrietta, a keel-boat, was con- gale. Distance run 225 miles. squalls and spits of snow. At matches. rivals. It was felt that his enthu- evening in that year, when tSc sidered the slowest of the three Thursday, December 13: Strong 4 p.m. took in topsails, staysails There was practically no differ- siasm. plus the skill, experience, conversation turned to the relative craft. Before the dinner-party breeze and squally weather, and flying jib. At 8 p.m. blow- ence in size or rig between the and proved passage-making ability merits and dements of kecl-hoats broke up it had been decided that passed steamer bound west, sup- ing heavy, double-reefed fore- three yachts. All were two-masted of his famous captain, should carry and centrc-hoard hoats in deep- the winner of the race should take posed to be Cuba ... At 9.30 sail and mainsail, and took schooners of a little more thin 100 the Henrietta to victory. water racing. the whole 90,000 dollars (£18,000) feet length. The Vesta was 201 p.m. passed another steamer bonnet off jib. Ship running The owner of the Vesta, a stakes. tons, American measurement; the The day of departure dawned bound west; showed rockets and across the seas and behaving centre-hoarder, declared that, des- The projected race aroused great Henrietta and Fleetwing were 203 fine and clear with a fresh westerly blue lights, to which she replied. well . . . passed dose under pite the popular prejudice against interest in New York, and people and 204 tons. American measure- breeze, which was just what was At 10 p.m. wind increasing, stern of a brig steering to south- centrc-hoard vessels in rough who scarcely knew the difference ment, respectively. Each yacht wanted. From an early hour New took in topsails and flying jib. ward under double-reefed top- water, his craft would hold her between a spanker-boom and a carried a foresail and mainsail, York Harbour was gay with bunt- At midnight reefed mainsail. sails and reefed foresail. . . . own with any keel-boat of her size jibboom suddenly became yacht- fore and main gaff-topsails, main ing, and music blared from excur- . . . Everything easy and com- Divine Service in cabin; reading even in a race across the Atlantic. racing enthusiasts. Betting on the topmast-staysail, fore topmast-stay- sion steamers, packed with specta- fortable. of prayers and Lessons for the "What do you say if our two race became so heavy that a man sail, inner and flying jibs, a square- tors, which had been chartered to Friday, December 14: Midnight, day, and one of Jay's sermons. hoats make a race of it from could hardly put his head out into sail for use when running, and accompany the contestants to the strong breeze and squally, with Everyone on board well and Sandy Hook to Cowes?" suggested the street, declared the American two or three supplementary fancy starting-line off Sandy Hook. Burst snow. At 3 a.m. blowing hard, hearty. Distance run 246 miles the owner of the Fleetwing, which correspondent of one English "kites." after burst of cheering rent the air furled flying jib. At 5 a.m. . . . one-third of distance across. was a keel-boat. newspaper, without being urged to as the three stately schooners moderating, set flying jib. . . . Monday, December 17: Blowing Each yacht's complement for the weighed ancher and proceeded in "That suits me," was the prompt choose his boat and take or give At 6 a.m. set all light sails— hard, ship running in the trough tow of their tugs down the Nar- reply. the odds. race consisted of 22 to 25 officers weather dark and heavy in of the sea and fairly burying and men, and two or three judges rows, for New Yorkers were herself. This is yachting in earn- "Let us make the stakes 30,000 south-west. The Fleetwing was the favour- and guests in addition. It was having a day out and everyone est. Double-reefed foresail; pass- dollars a side." Saturday, December 15: Very ite, and to make sure that she agreed that Masters should choose was enjoying it thoroughly. "That suits me," again came lived up to her reputation her their own courses across the At- The tugs held their charges in the reply. owner engaged Captain Thomas, lantic, and one and all decided to line abreast position off Sandy "Let us sail in the stormy month late of the U.S. packet-ship ?\(eu> of December." keep to the European steamship Hook lightship, until, at one p.m. "forl^, to sail her across the At- tracks. To ensure that the boats prompt, the signal was given for "That suits me. The stronger lantic. the wind, the better my boat will might be reported as frequently as the race to begin. Towlines were like it," declared the owner of the Not to be outdone, Kir. Bennett, possible, the following notice was slipped on the instant, and the Vesta. Junr., engaged as his yacht master issued to transatlantic shipping:— racing crews began to crowd on At this stage of the discussion, no less a celebrity in the maritime In the great race which is to canvas. The strains of Auld Lang the third member of the party, a world than Captain Samuel Sam- take place on Tuesday, De- Syne came from the steamers as young man named James Gordon uels, formerly of the famous U.S. cember 11, at 1 p.m., the Hen- the yachts gathered speed. Each Bennett, who was owner of the packet-ship Dreadnought, which rietta will display on the ocean of the latter responded with three Henrietta and the son of the edi- had broken more transatlantic a blue flag, nine by three feet; hearty cheers. tor and proprietor of the "New speed records than any other the Fleetwing will exhibit a red An ocean tug accompanied the York Herald," asked if he would dipper-ship. flag, nine by three; and the yachts to sea. On her return to be allowed to enter the race with Mr. Lorillard, of the Vesta, de- Vesta will carry a white flag of harbour after dark she reported his boat, if he put up his 30,000 cided on the other hand that since the same dimensions. * that when last seen they were sail- dollar stake. his centre-boarder was unquestion- At night, the Henrietta will ing abreast of one another and Mr. Pierre Lorillard and Mr. ably tricky to handle, it would be burn a blue light and fire a blue footing it well before a freshening George A. Osgood, of New York, wisest to retain the services of her rocket one minute afterwards; westerly breeze. Soon after night owners of the Vesta and Fleetwing present master, Captain Dayton, the Fleetwing will burn a red fell the rivals separated; they saw

It THl NAVY F#bw«ryt Ifii. 29 For Sea Cadets NORTH-WEST PASSAGE ""•""HE thrilling stories of the of the dangerous floes and inter- again, this time on the west coast gallant men who, for centuries, mittent mist, the sturdy Gjoa suc- of Boothia Peninsula, for the win partially navigated the North- cessfully navigated the Victoria ter. West Passage. particularly the in- Strait, Maud Gulf, Coronation The following spring the schoo- complete achievements of Sir John Gulf, Dolphin and Union Strait ncr sailed in a northerly and then - Franklin and Sir Robert McClure, and sailed on till about mid-Octo- an easterly direction, till Lancaster aroused the admiration and respect ber, when she found herself stuck Sound had been navigated, after of their cortfcmporarics and pos- again. This time, however, it was which she took a southerly course terity. Not till the twentieth cen- at the estuary of the mighty Mac- through Baffin Bay, Davis Strait, tury, however, were those icy kenzie river — the largest and and then crossed the Atlantic treacherous seas entirely mastered longest stream in Canada. Ocean. Halifax, Nova Scotia, was by man. In spring, 1906, conditions were reached in October, 1942. The St. In 1903, Roald Amundsen, a such that sailing was again pos- Rocl: was therefore the first ship Norwegian, left his native land in sible, and the little schooner at last to sail the entire North-West Pas- a tiny forty-seven-ton vessel, the crossed the Arctic Sea, passed sage from west to east. Cjoa, en route for arctic Canada, through the Bering Sea, and then In July, 1944, she left Dart- with the object of completing the entered the tranquil Pacific Ocean. mouth, Nova Scoria, again for the North-West Passage, from east to Her now-famous captain had con- Great White North, was hindered west, if possible. quered the North-West Passaec. at times, but to a decidedly lesser After experiencing great dis- This, of course, he had achieve-.! degree, by fogs, ice floes and comfort in the Atlantic, he sub- when the ship reached the Mac mirages, and successfully navigated sequently sailed through Davis kenzie. the Davis Strait and Baffin Bay. Strait and Baffin Bay (which lie lt was many years late.- that The ship then passed through to the west of Greenland), the lJIorth-West Passage was navi- Lancaster Sound, Barrow Strait through the Lancaster Sound, and gated both ways. On June 9, 1940, and Melville Sound, after which then entered Franklin Strait. Very the eighty-ton Royal Canadian she navigated the narrow Prince of soon after this the ship became ice- Mounted Police schooner, the St. Wales Strait, which separates bound, near King William Island. Roch, used for delivering essential Banks Island from Victoria Island. For two successive winters, supplies to lonely Arctic police- Amundsen was forced to remain men, and also to patrol those Cautiously sailing to avoid there enduring severe privations, northern waters, left Esquimalt, dangerous ice floes, and sturdily experiencing much loneliness, British Columbia, led by Staff-Ser- battling against howling blizzards in the Arctic Ocean, the St. Roch, H.M.A.S. "Nirimbe," a former Navy air-training station, was commissioned on January 4 as an apprentice training school. loathing the monotonous diet, the geant H. A. Larsen, on a protract- This will bo the first apprentice school operated by the Royal Australian Navy. It will train all classes of artificers and same wearisome scene month after ed voyage. having delivered considerable sup- shipwrights. plies en route, subsequently reach- month, and bemoaning the absence Conditions were as bad as pos- ed the Bering Sea and entered the of any kind of amusement. Ex- sible in the Arctic, and the small Pacific. , , ing snow squalls throughout Wednesday, December 19: Fresh my 30 years' experience would cept for the occasional "Northern" schooner had to fight pack ice at night. Distance run by observa- gale. At 3 p.m. double-reefed have run so long in the trough lights — an interesting natural Port Barrow, Alaska, for eighteen Vancouver, British Columbia, tions 280 miles—the best day's sails and took bonnet off jib. 6 of the sea as this little plaything phenomenon—there was complete days before she could proceed with was reached in October, 1944, and run yet ... off Grand Banks p.m. gale increasing, close-reefed did. Well may her owner feel darkness during the long, intensely the usual summer port visitation. all on board were naturally proud and off soundings . . . every- sails and furled mainsail . . . proud of her. At 11 p.m. the cold arctic winters, and as the At length winter came and the because the St. Roch had crossed thing trim and snug. blowing heavily, with high, top- sky cleared. The moon shone lighting arrangements on the ship St. Roch was anchored near Banks the whole North-West Passage Tuesday, December 18: One pling seas. At 8.40 p.m. board- out beautifully for the rest of were poor, the boredom and frus- Island. both ways and had accomplished week out . . . half way to ed by very heavy sea, completely the night. ... At 6 a.m. set tration were almost unbearable. In spring and summer, 1941, the the second momentous voyage in Cowes . . . wind increasing, set burying us, filling foresail, and reefed foresail and jibs. 9 a.m. And then, in July, 1905, there St. Roch proceeded eastward, per- the extraordinarily short space of squaresail with bonnet off . . . staving boat ... the little craft wind freshening, ship beginning was a considerable melting of the forming her customary tasks, but three months. high seas . . . distance run 250 fairly staggering and straining. to step off again. Set squaresail. vice-like ice, and it was possible progress was slow because of the Staff-Sergeant Larsen was pro- miles . . . ship in perfect order Have-to under storm main-try- Sea still running very high. to think about starting the voyage very dangerous icy conditions, moted to the rank of Inspector, and all hands in best of con- sail. How hard to have to lie-to During the blow barometer fell again. and, by the end of September, it and became a Fellow of the Royal II dition. in such a race, but few ships ui Continued on page 32 Cautiously proceeding, bccause was necessary for her to anchor Geographical Society.

THE NAVY Fobraary, 1914, FIRST ATLANTIC YACHT RACE mum run of 280 and minimum Continued from page 30 run of 113 miles. from 30.10 inches to 29.30 of the race the excitement be- Queen Victoria, who was in inches. . . . Noon, fair prospect comes more and more intense. residence at Osborne House on the of second edition of last night's The wind and weather are all occasion of the race, made it •performance but from west' that could be desired. Distance known that she would be glad to ward. run 252 miles. see the three yachts under canvas, From other accounts Captain At 10 p.m. on Christmas Eve and after their great welcome at Samuels' hard driving of the vessel the Henrietta passed the Bishop Cowes they sailed round to Os- on this occasion scared the life out Rock (bearing North 12 miles). borne Bay under full sail especially of all hands. It is recorded that At 2.30 on Christmas morning she for her benefit. after the big sea broke aboard the was abeam of the Lizard. At 8.30 carpenter rushed into the cabin, a.m. she passed the Start; at 1 p.m. REVIEWS shouting: "Mr. Bennett, we must she took her pilot off Portland Bill Continued from peg* 27 heave-to! She's opening up for- and learnt that she was the first above the average of its sort, writ- ward, sir!" of the three yachts to arrive. ten with a minimum of slang and The owner made his way on Still favoured by a fine westerly a maximum of knowledge of the deck and informed the captain of wind, she passed the Needles at subject. the carpenter's report. After going 3.45 p.m. and anchored off Cowes The blurb, of course, hails the forward and examining the leaky at 5.40 p.m. having completed the book as a work of art and "a planks, Samuels expressed the course of some 3,200 miles in 13 great novel," but only a very ill- opinion that there was nothing to days 21 hours 45 minutes, at an tempered reviewer pretends to take worry about. As the gale was in- average speed of approximately 9J blurbs seriously. They are merely creasing all the time, however, he knots. conventional, like the use of "Dear eventually hove-to. Subsequently The Fleetwing was second, Sir" to a man whose guts we hate. he said he had never known a ship arriving off Cowes at 2 a.m. on —J.H.B.P., in the London to heave-to so well in a high, Boxing Day. But for her mishap "Navy." breaking sea. in mid-Atlantic she would doubt- The Fleetwing encountered the less have been much closer to, and same blow, during which six of her perhaps ahead of, the Henrietta at NORTH-WEST PASSAGE Continued from page 31 crew were washed out of the cock- the finish. In more recent years the North- pit and lost. She was running with The Vesta arrived at Cowes two West Passage was once again con- a southerly gale on the beam at hours after the Fleetwing. She quered, but this time by a naval the time, and the boarding sea would have arrived some hours vessel. In 1954, H.M.C.S. Labra- nearly laid her flat on her beam- earlier but for the fact that her dor became the first naval vessel ends. Her jib-boom was carried master mistook St. Catherine's of any navy to conquer the North- away, some sails blew away, and Point for the Needles in misty West Passage, the largest ship the cabin gutted out. Several hours weather, and only discovered his ever to make the trip, and the first were lost in making good the mistake when he was boarded by to find a route with commercial damage. The Vesta caught the tail- a pilot off St. Catherine's at 8.50 possibilities through the Canadian end of the blow and came through p.m. on December 25th. In conse- archipelago. it unharmed. quence of this error in navigation, The weather in the eastern half the Vesta had to beat back against - From the "Sea Cadet," of the Atlantic was less severe the wind for 10 or 12 mile, before London. than in the western half, and occa- being able to head for the Needles sional spells of warm sunshine channel. WHY UNDERSTAND ART7 were enjoyed. The Henrietta's log Despite the fact that many Continued from paga 26 entry for Saturday, December 22, thought she was incapable of en- Australia has won her laurels in reads:— during a North Atlantic winter the world of sport and I feel sure Throughout these 24 hours passage, the Vesta completed the that our young people have an wind northerly, warm and pleas- voyage without the loss of a sail innate love of the arts if given an ant. At 7 a.m. signalled s.s. or a spar. Her best day's run was opportunity to know them as they Bremen, bound west. All light 277 miles; her least 165 miles do their games. The two activi- sails set and everything drawing These runs compared very favour- ties are essential for a balanced beautifully. As we near the end ably with the Henrietta's maxi- life.

32 THE NAVY »

ENGINE & TELEGRAPH EQUIPMENT FOR NAVAL & MERCHANT VESSELS

MANUFACTURERS OF ENGINE TELEGRAPH EQUIPMENT AND LUBRICATED TYPE CHAIN AND WIRE GUIDES.

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JOIN THE NAVY LEAGUE

The objcct of the Nnvy League in Australia, like its older counterpart, the Navy League in Britain, is to insist by all means at its disposal upon the vital importance of Sea Power to the British Common- wealth of Nations. The League also sponsors the Australian Sea Cadet Corps to interest the right type of lads in the Royal Australian Navy — either to start them upon a career or to provide a healthy pleasurable means of qualifying them to be of servicc in the Senior Service in the event of emergency. The League consists of Fellows (Annual or Life) and Associates. All British subjects who signify approval to the objects of the League arc eligible. MAY WE ASK YOU TO JOIN and swell our members so that the Navy League in Australia may be widely known and exercise an important influence in the life of the Australian Nation? For Particulars:— NAVY LEAGUE, Secretary: 312 Flinders Street, Melbourne, C.l., Victoria. Secretary: 83 Pitt Street, Sydney, N.S.W. Hon. Secretary: 12 Pirie Street, Adelaide, South Australia. Hon. Secretary: Box 1441T, G.P.O., Brisbane, Queensland. Hon. Secretary: 62 Blencowe Street, West Leedervillc, W.A. Hon. Secretary: 726 Sandy Bay Rd.. Lower Sandy Bay, Hobart. Hon. Secretary: 49 Froggatt Street, Turner, Canberra, A.C.T.

Buildinc Fublithinc Company Ptv. Ltd.. 20 Loftui Suctt. Sydney. The Bristol Sycamore I

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Bristol Aircraft Limited Bristol England

CONTENTS

Vol. 19. MARCH, 1956.

EDITORIAL:

F'ags of Convenience MELBOURNE ARTICLES: STEAMSHIP

H.M.A.S. "Swan" Makes History 7 CO. I.TD. Mead Office: R.N's New Officer Plan 9 31 KING ST., MELBOURNE R.N.S.A'i Regatta in Sydney Harbou II BRANCHES OR AGENCIES AT ALL PORTS Replacing the Merchant Navy 16 MANAGING AGENTS FOR IIOBSONS BAY DOCK AND Christmas Convoy 25 irNGINEERING CO. PTY. LTD. Worka: Williamstown, Victoria First and Forenoon 3D HODGE ENGINEERING CO. PTY. LTD. OantHH aircraft, "Diana,"' taking off oil the inaugural Brisbane-Singapore FEATURES: Works: Sussex St., Sydney, service, December, 1934. and Nows of the World's Navies COCKBURN ENGINEERING PTY. LTD. Personalities Works: Hinca Rd.. Fremamle. SHIP REPAIRERS. ETC. Hotel meeting launched an air service Book Reviews Maritime News of the World

In the winter of 1920. jour men met in the (*resham Hotel, For Sea Cadets Brisbane, (Jto discuss the formation of an air service now known all over the world as Qantas Empire Airways. Published by Th. Navy League of Australia, 83 Pitt Street Sydney NSW Two of the men. Hudson Fx-li i later knighted I Jov-Kiding at First. Monex was short, and Telephone BU 1771. and P. J. MeCinness. were \ir Fixing Corps in the beginning the organisation was forced to Official Organ of the Navy L.agu. of Australia; th. Merchant S.r.ic. Guild pilots in the first World War. Both earned the provide joyriding flights L 3.3.0 for 7 of Australasia; Ihe E.-N.v.l Men's Association (Federal|. r minutes in the air. and C5.5.0 for looping the Distinguished l\ing Cross. The others were SUBSCRIPTION RATE: 12 Issu.s post fr.. in th. Brilish Empira. 20/-. Western Queensland pastoralists Sir Fergus loo,,. MeMaster and A. H. Templeton. Il\ 1922. Qanta.- was operating a service between Copi.s of "H.r.'d" photograohs us.d m.y be obtained direct from Photo This was in the "barnstorming" era of \us- the rail-bead towns of Charleville and ("Ion- Sales. Sydn.v Morning H.r.'d. Hunt.r Str.ct, Sydn.y. tralian aviation when living-men were risking currx. Todax it operates oxer 2(> countries their necks stunt-fixing all over the Common- totalling OH.000 mile-. wealth in <>ld aeroplanes from war-disposal" From the daxs Qanta- was founded. SI1KLL When ships of the Navy stork. axiation spirit ami oil were at the disposal of "heave to" this rope Men of vision, such as Hudson Fxsh ami his ibis Kmpire-wide airline. companions, could see a future in the develop- Shell*- aviation serviee pioneered refuelling for holds fast! ment of air services to benefit the people of the aircraft, not onlx in Australia, but along all outback rather than provide enlertainment. major fixing routes throughout the world. a result • • f their meeting at tin* (»re»haiu. Queensland Northern Territorx \erial Scrxicc* Ltd. iQanta-i »ante into being.

ANCHOR BRAND CAPSTAN Ifcei'rt Utilil Mlttr

March. 1956. i -

THE NAVY LEAGUE OF AUSTRALIA. NOW OPEN rAIMNt Have you Hia Esecllencr The Gonmer-Geaenl. THE "LIGHTNING" CONSULTATION FEDERAL COUNCIL. 1st PRIZE — £30.000 Pmadaaiti Vice-Admiral Sir John Collin., K.B.E.. C.B. 100,000 TICKETS ONLY AT £1 EACH Deputy P...i.l.nli Comdr. R. A. Nettlejold, D.S.C.. V.R.D., R.A.N.R. Alio Seeaetaryr R. Neil Walford. Eaq.. 31! nindcre. St., Melbourne. C.l. THE 10/- SPECIAL CONSULTATION an electrical Hon. Tnnnri R. Neil Walford. En 100,000 TICKETS ONLY. 1ST PRIZE New South Wales Division: £14,000 Patron: Hi* Eat'cllcncy The Covernor of Drawn every few weeks, end New South Walca. President: Rear-Admiral H. A. Showcra, THE USUAL 5/- CASH CONSULTATIONS C.B.E. I Reid. I. Saetetaey: R. 1. Rae, Eaq.. 81 Pitt Street. 1ST PRIZE — £10,000 BU 1771. Drawn every few days problem Hon. TreaHirer* r. E. Trigg. Eaq. Victorian Division: Patron: Hia Eaceliencr The Covernor of "Tattersall" Sweep Consultation Victoria. President] Vice-Admiral Sir John Collins, Secretary:' It. ' Neil Walford. Eaq.. 112 C/- GEO. ADAMS riindcra, St., Melbourne. C.l. child? Hon. Treaaurer: M. A. Clover. Eaq. 241 FLINDERS STREET. MELBOURNE

South Australian Division: Patron: Hia Ea:elle.-tcr The Covernor of S..urh Auttralia. Praeidaat: Lfeut.-Comdr. C. C. ShinHeld. RAN.R (retd.I Hon. Sec.: K. W. Adcock. Eaq.. Ill Cren- fell Street, Adelaide. Wilh. WILHELMSEN AGENCY

Tasmanian Division: PTY. LTD. Patron: Vicc-Admiral Sir Guy Wyart, K.B.E.. C.B.. R.N. (retd.). IWdantt C H. Hand. Esq.. M.H.A. SYDNEY 8i MELBOURNE HON. Sae.r Coandr. G. E. W. W. Bayly, O.B.E.. V.R.D., R.A.N.V.R. (retd). 726 Sandr Bay Rd.. Lower Sandy Bar. Hobart. "Holding the baby" can lie tiring work. so why Western Australian Division: Peered Hia Eaceliencr Tie Covernor ol Representative for: not let C.M.A.P. share the burden? Our Weatern Auatrelia. technical staff has all the farts and fipurrs about Pneidant: Hon. Sir Frank Cibaon. K.C.M.C. Hon. Sac. - Hon. Treae.: K. Olaon, Eaq . WILHELMSEN LINES, OSLO wir<-«. cablcs anil flexible* at tln-ir fingertips. 62 Blencowc St.. Weat Leederville. W.A. Upon consultation, tliey will specify the Queensland Division: AUSTRALIA-WEST PACIFIC LINE, HELSINBORG correct grade of rahlc for any specific conditions. Pamoi Hie Eaceliencr The Coventor ol Or, if neccssary, they will design a special Queenaland. PkwidMtti Comdr. N. 8. Plaley. M.B.E.. AMERICAN PIONEER LINE, NEW YORK cable to meet your own particular needs. • VJUX. R.A.N.R. (reid.). Ryan Home. When you consult C.M.A.P.. the technical resources Eagle Street, Brisbane. HOB. Sec.t Lieut.'Comdr. O. C. McDonald. SCANDINAVIAN AIRLINES SYSTEM, STOCKHOLM of the world-wide Cable Makers Association—an R.A.N.V.R. (retd.). Bo» H4IT. G.P.O.. organisation backcd by over 100 years of Brisbane. experience—arc at your service. Our technical Australian Capital Territory Division: President: His Excellency. G. E. L. representatives will be pleased to call and Aldcrton, C.M.G. (High Commissioner discuss your problem ... or refer your inquiries for New Zealand). Hon. Sec. - Hon. Treas.: Comdr. A. D. For the Best Soft Drinks to any C.M.A.P. distributor. McLachlan, R.A.N. (Retd.). 49 FroKRatt St.. Turner, Canberra. A.C.T. 'Phone: J 2311. Always say . . .

AUSTRALIAN SEA CADET COUNCIL. WIRES CABLES FLEXIBLES Representatives of the Naval Board: MARCHANT'S C.M.A• Pr.D TtADC HtU MM. 36936-7-.* Director ..f Nival Reserves. Capt. A S Rosnthal DSD., RAN (Chairman!, Comdr. P. R. lima. R.A.N. PLEASE ! Representatives of The Nary Lss«MI Comdr. R. A. Nettlefold. D.8.C.. CABLE MAKERS AUSTRALIA PTY. LTD.. LIVERPOOL. N.S.W. V.R D . R A N V.R. Office tc Factory: U YORK ST., RICHMOND, VICTORIA L. G. P.arsnn. Fs

March, IMS. 2 THE NAVY ] Captain W. H. Coombs, president of the her rigging at Portsmouth went fittingly enough Officers' (Merchant Navy) Federation, wrote a to the Ropery at Her Majesty's dockyard, Chatham, letter to the "Times" summarising the attitude of where the Victory was built and launched. Merchant Navy officers. It is expected that the re-rigging will be com- He said that there was complete agreement pleted in time for Portmouth "Navy Days" in between the representatives of ship owners and ship August of this year. masters and seamen about the serious outlook for British shipping if the registration of ships under The rope to be used will be made in the same "flags of convenience" was not arrested. He said long timber-built rope walk at Chatham as that they believed that otherwise British shipping would required in refitting the Victory five years before be faced with inevitable, and relatively speedy, Trafalgar. decline. The work for the Ropery, now the only Ad- Captain Coombs added: "I am convinced that miralty rope-making establishment, includes the the British shipping industry, notwithstanding its manufacture of rarely laid shroud-line and cable- present apparent well being, is to-day faced with shroud ropes. forms of insidious competition which, if not Mr. W. J. Blackler, foreman of the Ropery, speedily overcome, may reduce Britain to a nation who has had 45 years of experience as a rope of little maritime importance within a relatively maker, will supervise the work. small number of years." He made the rigging for the Victory before she was opened to the public at Portsmouth in Sep- AN HISTORIC ORDER tember, 1927. Even at that stage the making of cable-shroud ropes was an almost forgotten art in Naval dockyards. Work has begun on giving Nelson's last flagship, the Victory, her most extensive re-rigging since The present Ropery at Chatham dates from 17S5 1946. and it meets the needs of Naval ships at all parts The order for the special rope needed to replace of the world.

Vol. 19. MARCH. I95S. No. 3. IS "' the serious thing is that if a decline in shipping activity materialises, the owners t t ships on these Fi-AC-S of convenience I'u.tive registers will be able ti undercut ships on the registers of countries which do impose adequate regulations and adequate supervision of the ships The curious increase in the tonnage ; f merchant registered under their flags." KEMBLA ships registered in countries which we do not Lord Winster said that he growing practice of normally associate with maritime traditions was the flag discrimination was an "evil system" hecai so it subject of debate in the House of Lords recently, d'verted tiade t'rnri normal economic channels into COPPER, BRASS AND and provoked comment in a letter to London news- ones which were determined by nationalist passions. papers. Inevitablv it increased transportation cost and OTHER NON-FERROUS In the Lords. Lord Winstcr pi inted out sotrc cf hampered the development and growth cf trade these inflated tonnages when he was referring to he'ween countries. WIRE CABLES & TUBES the fall in the United Kingdom's share of world Lr.-d Geddes. spcakin ; in the debate, said that tonnage, and in particular the fall in British tramp the fleets registered under "flags of convenience" tonnage. constituted a i-:nncc. In 1924. he said. Panama had only 15 ships on If war should come, he said, these nrilFons of her register. In 1954 she had 565, totalling nearly tons of shipping would be unlikely to be available, four million gro«s tons. Of these ships, 224 were except a" exorbitant prices. tankers, totalling more than two million gross tons. He said that the trouble lay in British taxation In 1954 Liberia had 176 ships on her register, total- policy. Owners under these flags were nHe to ling 1.600,000 tons. The total of ships registered accurulate reserves far more quickly than British in Panama, Liberia. Honduras, and Costa Rica, i wners and thev were building some of the finest was 854. totalling six million gross tons — seven shins in the world. per cent, of the world's tonnage. FoPowin-T the debate in the House of Lords, Lord Winster added: "The object of these excep- several hod'es discussed "flags of convenience" at tional registrations is to avoid the obligations which meetings. The annual conference of the Naviga- legislation enfo-ces in the recogn-'scd m irit'me tors' and Engineers' Union expressed grave concern countries. . . . They evade national taxation, but over the rise of Kith flag discrimination and the also evade regulations about survey and load-line. registration of shipping in non-maritime countries.

14 THE NAVY H.M.A.S. SWAN MAKES HISTORY She becomes the first R.A.N. training ship tor our midshipmen.

/~\N February 10, 1956, the In 1939 she served with the she came under enemy attack for ^^ anti - submarine frigate, China Station, visiting Port the first time when Japanese air- of Blcmktown H.M.A.S. Swan became the Royal Moresby and Darwin. Singapore. craft bombed the port. Australia Navy's first cadet-mid- Bali and Sourabaya before re- In February she was one of the It's all vary respectable. Siamant Kava brightened tt shipmen training ship. entering the Australian Station on escorting ships taking part in the up with really good lamp»—incandescent and fluorescent—Sn She was commissioned at Gar- July 21. unsuccessful attempt ti re-inforce homes, shops and halls. For Siemens lamps and fittings den Island Dockyard, Sydney, When war broke out she was Timor. On February 19, Swan was combine lighting efficiency with great economy. with Commander R. J. Robertson, in Sydney, and on December 10, D.S.C.. as her commander. she joined the 20th Mine Sweep- loading ammunition in Darwin Jb This means that in future cadet- ing Flotilla as leader. when the first and heaviest air raid on Australia began. Japanese midshipmen who graduate from On operations. Swan swept a aircraft attacked her seven times Make LCqht it u/Ltk, the Royal Australian Naval Col- total of eleven German mines and That's no more then you would .ip.ct and she suffered many near misses. lege will go direct to a R.A.N, ended this phase of her wartime from th* firm which inst.ll.d th. Five of her crew were killed and training ship in Australian waters career with a sweep off Port first electric str..t lighting in instead of to a Royal Naval nineteen wounded. Britain, and has lad consistently in Moresby at the close of December, training ship in the United King- 1941. Swan left Darwin for repairs the field ever sine*. Siemens mi dom. and became operational again on On January 8, 1942, she arrived The midshipmen will he sent to May 3 when she started a period in Darwin to operate as an anti- Use tie Australian-mod* ioejer-Life Tut*. the Royal Naval College at Dart- of convoy escort duty from sub and escort vessel. mouth after their initial training Townsville to Thursday Island SIEMENS (AUSTRALIA) PTY. LIMITED on Su'an. At Amboina on January 16 and New Guinea. Shortly before Swan was com- t T ( 11T Mllllllf tIEllllE llltiilE NEWCASTLE missioned she was joined by fifty- 1 «. ItllEII MY. IT 9„ TSSMARU L e. LITTLE « CI. FTT. LTI.. PERTi. five eadct-midshipmcn from all over Australia. Cadet-midshipmen on the Swan will perform all duties normally ORDER FORM done by ratings to obtain the To "THE NAVY," knowledge and experience to fit NICOL BROS. PTY. LTD. ROYAL EXCHANGE them to dircct and con:rol the BUILDING, men who will eventually serve INCORPORATING BRIDGE ST., SYDNEY. • under them. At the end of their training in PENGUIN HEAVY LIFTING PTY. LTD. Please register my subscrip- :he Swan they will go to the tion to "The Navy." The rate is 20/- per 12 issues Royal Naval College at Dart- post free in the British mouth as midshipmen for 16 PENGUIN PTY. LTD. Empire. I send Postal Note/ months. ALL CLASSES OF STEAM DIESEL Cheque/Money Order for After they have been promoted AND GENERAL ENGINEERING issues. sub-lieutenant, those who are to BOILERMAKERS, OXY-ACETYLENE (Add exchange where be executive officers or officers of AND ELECTRIC WELDERS applicable) the Supply and Secretariat Branch PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL WORK Commencing from: will return to Australia for more FLOATING CRANE AVAILABLE AT ALL TIMES sea-training. (20 TON CAPACITY) Those who are to specialize in ALL CLASSES OF MARINE EQUIPMENT FOR SALE Name engineering will remain for a

Address.. longer period in the United King- 10-20 WESTON ST., BALMAIN EAST dom. H.M.A.S. Swan was laid down Members of th. Sydaoy Fncia* CM) Mtartaiiwd a«M of the offers ham From* Phone*: WB 3121 — J linen on May 1, 19J5, and commis- warship* which visrHd Syd~y lecae*)* EmJ«. da ValaMM Sal. |ri«M) —4 After boura: UM 9485, WM 3225. FM 5708. Date- Master at Ann La Maifn. Mara) chat with Mia. Marl* McCowa*. (Wt) ami sioned on January 21, 1937. Mitt EUin* klfcfitte

THf NAVY in the following month bombarded An Admiralty Report from London During 1943 Su-un escorted bardments of Wide Bay in New the Aitape-Wewak area. Queensland-New Guinea convoys Britain and Cape Sarme in New 9 In September of the same year for ten months of the year and ('•uinea. She also took part in the MUN. » NEW OFFICER PLAN she proceeded to New Ireland to spent the last two months at Bris- successful bombardment of the A 51-PAGE Admiralty Fleet These lists will be made up as For the present, owing to the accept the surrender of the Japan- bane refitting. Jacquinr-t Bay area in New Order has been issued to all follows: special educational qualifications ese forces in the area. On October Britain. officers of the Royai Navy and training required, cadets for On April 17. 1M4. Suan 16. 1945. Swan reassumed her The Af.O. sets out in detail The, General List the Electrcil specialisation will arrived at Milne B.iy for escort role as leader of the 2nth Mine- Swum continued operations in a new officer structure which The General List will consist of continue to be selected before and anti-suh duties in New sweeping Flotilla. The flotilla New Guinea waters until June. offers, among other things, in- all cadet-entry officers of the entry to Dartmouth. They will, Guinea waters. She remained on carried out extensive sweeping 1945. She supported the 6th Aus- creased career prospect* for the present Executive, Engineering. however, be entered for scrvicc active operational duty until Sep- operations in the New Britain. tralian Division in land operations officers of Her Majesty's ships. Electrical and Supply and Secre- on the General List in the same tember 19. During this period she New Ireland. New Guinea and .it Kairiru Island, and in March The following is a digest of tariat Branches, of all cx-ratin^s way as all other cadets. gave Are support to land opera- Solomons areas. the salient points as set out in who have obtained commissions in Common training and tions and t'xtk part i.i the bom- she again shelled Wide Bay. and Su'dn was on the spot when en Admiralty News Summary. one of these branches through the professional experience H.M.A.S. \\ 'armambool went As the equipment in Naval Upper Yardmen scheme and Uni- While at Darmouth, cadets will down after striking a mine off the ships and aircraft multiplies both versity graduate entries into the be given a larger measure of com- Queensland coast. in quantity and complexity, so Engineering and Electrical mon training than they have had Excepting periods of docking does the need increase for Naval Branches. in the past, and all junior officers and refit SI<..n was in constant Officers to broaden their profes- The General List will form the on the General List will, in their operation as a sweeper under the sional knowledge. The Seaman main body of Naval Officers. early training period, qualify to command of Acting Captain R. Officer, for example, must know- They will fill all major posts of take command of boats and ob- V. Wheatlcy. RAN. (S.L. 20th more and more about the technical responsibility in the Navy. tain bridge watchkceping certifi- M.S.F.) for a period of some features of his weapons and ether As it is impossible for officers cates or certificates of com- three years. On August 1". 194S. Aghting aids, while the technical to become expert in all fields, they petence. she berthed at Sydney bringing to officer has to play a much more will belong to one of four speciali- After completion of their a close-almost twelve years activc direct part than in the past in sations—Seaman, Engineer, Elec- specialist training. General List seagoing service. On August 18. Aghting his ship. trical or Supply and Secretariat— Officers will be encouraged to 1950, Su'an Anally paid off into The training of Naval Officers but their early common training reserve. has never been designed to pro- and, subsequently, their common In the pre-war period of her duce specialists in the narrow responsibility for a wide range of service Suan steamed 43.837 sense of the term. Officers have, general Naval duties will both be miles. On active war service she however, entered the Navy for designed to form them into one steamed 187,663 miles and on service in a particular branch as, corporate professional "whole." post-war minesweeping duties for example, Executive or Engin- All General List officers will be 49,756 miles. eer Officers. It has now been de- equal in status and all will have Suan is the twenty-fourth vessel cided that this division of officers the opportunity of promotion to YOU Should Make of the name in British Naval into branches will limit too rigidly, high rank. annals, the Arst dating from the for the Navy's future require- Common Entry for Cadet* A NOTE of this! launching of the King's ship Su>an ments. the range of appointments Resulting from this new You ran quickly turn your florin* into in 1420 during the reign of pounds, and tlir pounds into a substantial in which officers can be employed, scheme, successful candidates for Henry V. balance, if you deposit tlicm in vour C.S.B. and the training and experience cadctships at the Britannia Royal arroiint every pay day. WOODEN SHIP FOR they can acquire. Naval College, Dartmouth, will, You may lie saving for a holiday, education, ANTARCTIC VOYAGE This division will therefore be from the May 1957 entry (ex- labour-saving devices, nice things for the abolished from January I, 1957, amination in October 1956), be The wooden motorship John home or something else worthwhile. By and a radical re-organisatior of entered as cadets for scrvicc on Biscoe will carry members and TK® lutwt CIMMM lif Mtfim pw^Mii paying in each pay day you will soon have the officer structure will be intro- the General List and not as cadets the amount vou require. equipment of the New Zealand duced in which all officers, with in a particular branch as in the "•rti, wfckk, IN IVPN, CM kcdwil^^ • The C.S.B. has over 5.000 offices at your expedition to the Antarctic next ov#r SO yc#ft im NB^NCInnnn. Al BNN^ the exception of Instructor, Medi- past. at m land, ttf»« Im pr«vW Hi* Nnk* service. summer. cal and Dental Officers, will be They will, however, be allo- •« tabcocfc Bolter Plant She will be sailed to New Zea- placed on one of three lists to be cated to a specialisation, according BABCOCK A WILCOX COMMONWEALTH land by a Navy crew after reAt in known as: to their choice and aptitudes and • r AUSTRALIA rTT. LIMIT** BANK Britain. • The General List the needs of the Service, on com- IMIMIDt AWO MHWHIUM On the Antarctic trip, a New MM IHki I *mu htm i Put Ml, MODr*M m SEIYICE — OLD III CZVtllEIICl • The Special Duties List and pletion of their first year's train- Imcfc Oflcn bn4 A^mcIm hi Bit IMm IUU Zealand frigate will escort her as • The Supplementary List. ing at Dartmouth. far as the pack ice. THI NAVY March, Iff*. have gained during their time in widen their professional know- into the Post List and the General Post List Captains not selected the Service. ledge .is much as they can. List. for Flag rank will retire at about In the new Special Duties List Only those who are appointed the age of 51, while for those R.N.S.AREGATTA IN There will, for instance, he : they will play a still more import- some inter-change of appoint- to the Post List will be eligible on the General L st the retire- ant part than in the past as their SYDNEY HARBOUR ments between specialisations. fur command of shore establish- ment age will be 55. numbers eventually increase and General List Officers other than ments and for statf and adminis- Thus it is designed to give all their responsibilities are extended. NE of the most successful sented the yacht Mavis to the Seamen specialists may be ap- trative duties, including staff General List officers a really appointments afloat. worthwhile career, with, of To mark this development, O regattas yet held by the R.A.N. pointed from time to time " lor their titles of rank will be Royal Naval Sailing Association Like officers of other specialisa- course, a pension and terminal The picturesque harbour, 156 Seaman duties," while the range changed from, for example, Com- (Australia Branch) took place on tions, Seaman specialists who are grant at the end of it. yachts of all types, some with of day-to-day duties allocated to missioned Engineer or Senior Sydney Harbour on Saturday, placed on the Post List and those gaily coloured sails, made a spark- all specialists in the general run- Commissioned Stores Officer, to February 4, in a light easterly who remain on the General List The Instructor, Medical and ling spectacle. ning of ships and establishments Sub-Lieutenant, Lieutenant and breeze. will both be eligible for promo- Dental Branches will be broadened. Lieutenant-Commander, with a The Branch Captain, Rear- The light wind conditions called tion to Captain and to Flag rank. Owing to their special profes- Promotions to the rank of Cap- prefix or suffix to indicate the Admiral H. J. Buchanan, C.B.E., forth all the skill of the many sional requirements, the Instruc- tain, R.N., will be pooled be- nature of their specialised duties. D.S.O., and Captain V. A. skippers and there were some very tween the specialisations: officers Career Prospects tor, Medical and Dental Branches Smith, D.S.C., A.D.C., R.A.N., interesting results. Opportunities for transfer to will be appointed to senior posts An essential part of the new will, as already stated, continue received their guests in the flag- the General List will only be In the First Division, PaJ^erdoo of an administrative as opposed officer structure is to improve the their separate existence. Each of ship H.M.A.S. Quadrant. Among available under very exceptional won the Milson Plate by a com- career prospects of Naval Offi- these branches has its own entry those present were Rear-Admiral to a strictly specialist nature ac- circumstances. The great majority fortable margin. The Milson Plate cers. regulations and career structure H. M. Burrell, C.B.E., A.D.C., cording to their abilities, without of Special Duties List Officers was presented by the late Lieu- To this end, the number of and each will continue to supply and Mrs. Burrell, Captain W. H. regard to specialisation; and offi- will however reach the rank of tenant J. L, Milson, V.D., R.N. an essential service to the Royal Harrington, D.S.O., R.A.N., Cap- cers of all specialisations may cx- cadets to be entered in the future Lieutenant on their list before re- Brigade. Navy. tain L. Gcllatly, O.B.E., D.S.C., poct to be considered for promo- will be smaller than it has been tirement. It is hoped that, event- The Braemer Challenge Jug for A.D.C., R A N., and Mrs. Gel- tion to the higher ranks on the in the past. Subsequent de- ually, a third of those who reach whalers was won by Commander The Royal Marines latly, Rear-Admiral Sir Leighton basis of their individual merits in ficiencies in the junior ranks will the rank of Lieutenant will be R. J. Robertson, D.S.C., R.A.N., The Royal Marines will also re- Bracegirdlc, K.C.V.O., C.M.G., comparison with that of their be made good by the employment promoted to Lieutenant-Com- Captain of H.M.A.S. Swan. This main outside the new structure, D.S.O., and Lady Bracegirdle, contemporaries. of officers and the Special Duties mander and some of these will trophy was presented by Lieu- except that their career prospects Captain and Mrs. Murchison. Mr. and Supplementary Lists. reach the rank of Commander. tenant-Commander J. L. Pax ton, Sub-Specialisation For officers on the General will be aligned as far as possible and Mrs. F. White. Representa- R.N.V.R., a past Rear-Cooi- with those of General List Offi- Like officers on the General tives of yacht clubs present includ- Most of all Seaman specialists List, promotion to the rank of modore of the Royal Naval Sail- cers. The Royal Marines have List, Special Duties List Officers ed Dr. and Mrs. T. M. Furber of will be required to sub-specialise Lieutenant-Commander will, as in ing Association. their own special duties to per- will receive a pension and ter- the Royal Prince Edward Yacht in one of the following subjects the past, be automatic after eight form both afloat and ashore and minal grant on retirement on Club, the Commodore of the The East Australian Area Sail- — aviation, gunnery - navigation years' service in the rank of Lieu- the Corps will remain an essential completion of the necessary num- Cruising Yacht Club Mr. W. ing Association Warrego Trophy and aircraft direction, submarines, tenant. It is hoped, however, that and integral part of the Naval ber of years' service. Wilson, and Mr. and Mrs. Sam for dinghies was won by Sub- communications, torpedo and with the new structure up to Service. Stirling. Mr. Sam Stirling pre- Lieutenant J. E. Buchanan, anti-submarine warfare, physical three quarters of Lieutenant- The Supplementary List R.A.N., son of Rear-Admiral training and welfare, and survey- Comminders on the General List The Supplementary List will Buchanan, of H.M.A.S. Quad- The Special Duties List ing. will reach the rank of Com- consist of officers entered initially reach the rank of Lieutenant- rant. About one third will be re- mander, which is a much higher The second list of Naval Offi- on shott service commissions in Commander but there will be The yacht Mavis sailed in the percentage than has ever been cers in the new structure will be the Fleet Air Arm and any other quired for flying duties as pilots, only a limited opportunity of First Division under the able com' attained before. called the Special Duties List, officers who may be recruited in but about a third of these will promotion beyond that rank. mand of Captain (E) K. McK. For new entrants, the retiring which will replace the Branch the future on a similar basis for return to general Seaman duties Transfers from the Supplemen- Urquhart, R.A.N., the former age of Lieutenant - Commanders List; formerly called the Warrant certain specific duties. after seven years with the Fleet tary List to the General List may Branch Captain. The East Aus- will be 50, as compared to 45 at List. Entry on die Supplementary Air Arm. be made in exceptional circum- tralian Area Sailing Association present, and they will have the Special Duties Officers are pro L st as Officer Pilot or Observer Engineer specialists will sub- stances. ex-German yacht Sch matte alio opportunity to retire at about the motcd from the lower deck, in the Fleet Air Arm will be for specialise in either marine, air or Officers who leive the Active sailed in the Third Division. ordnance engineering. age of 40 if they wish, by which usually between the ages of 2' an initial period of 12 years with List on completion of 12 or 8 time they will know if they are and 34 and are selected on the the opportunity of leaving the Electrical and Supply Secre- years' service wiil receive a tax- Results: tariat specialists will need to be not going to receive further pro- basis of their professional ability Active List after eight years. free gratuity. competent in the whole range of motion. and personal qualities. Shortly before completion of 10 Regulations for entry on the ltt Division Yachts . their specialist duties. Commanders on the Post List Such officers have always been years' service, officers will have Supplementary List for any other 1. PaJterdoo (D. C. Brockhoff) The Post List will also retire at 50, while for important members of the Naval the opportunity to volunteer for specialised duties will be pub- 4-5J-5. Seaman specialists will be all Commanders on the General Service primarily owing to the selection for a pensionable career. lished when there are vacancies 2. Kyeema (C. C. Galbraith) divided into two groups on pro- List the retirement age will be high degree of specialised ex- Officers selected would normally to be filled. 4-57-0. motion to Commander, that is, 53. perience and knowledge they March. IH4. M I* THf NAVY i 3. Jstorn (A. F. Albert) 2. Wendy (J. B. Griffin) and there will he many expenses 4-59-55. 4-45-47. involved in keeping her in first- 3. Sea sprite (R. T. White) class racing trim. International Dragon Class 4-46-43. 1. Pel (W. L. Fesq) 5-6-33. 2. Van Diem en (R. E. Brooks) Finn Class Dinghies NAVAL PLANE'S 5-7-2. 1. R E. Johnson 4-24-47. UNUSUAL CRASH 3. Siboney (H. and C. Halvor- 2. R.V. Gale 4-26-41. An aircraft of the U.S. Navy sen) 5-7-24. 3. C. S. Ryrie 4-27-52. Antarctic expedition crashed into S.A.S.C. Races a snow - covered mountain so Restricted Division Yachts gently that its seven occupants did 1. Spectre (J. H. Freeman) No. 1 Division not know they had crashed. 5-18-26. 1. Wuitere (H. S. Lloyd) 2. Imshi (B. S. Robertson) Won by 2.7 sec. The single-engined Otter air- 5-18-41. 2. Hound (K. Brown) 3 min. craft, on its way to supply a trail 3. Fiesta (W. H o 11 i d a y) 55 sec. party in Little America, became 5-21-45. 3. Wanting! (W. J. Wearnc) weighted down with ice. bet. 2 and 3. The pilot pulled the nose up 2nd Division Yachts high, but even with full power the 1. Sireen (P. C. Psaltis) No. 2 Division aircraft could attain only about 4-32-2. 1. Hmemoa (J. P. Maynard) 50 miles an hour. It hit the moun- 2. Lass OLuss (J. R. Colqu- Won by 17 sec. tain at about 45 miles an hour. houn) 5-0-10. 2. Ranger (E. C. Gale) 1 min. The force of the crash was neg- 3. Teal (R. E. Jeffries) 5-3-45. 23 sec. ligible. Some passengers thought a 3rd Division Yachts 3. El/in (S. G. Macintosh) bet. normal snow landing had been 1. Ram (H. J. Quinn) 2 and 3. made. The deep snow was so soft that none of the occupants was 5-16-38. No. 3 Division 2. .\aud (J. M. Coxon) injured, although some had their 1. Talua (D. M. Helliwel!) seat belts unfastened. 5-17-22. Won by 1 min. The seven men were found un- 3. Southerly

12 im NAvr March. IW. Russian Subs mouth on October 3rd for -Port including 50 watt radio transmit- On the Move Stanley in the Falkland Islands. ting equipment and necessary Russian submarines are sus- H.M.S. Protector will be under power supplies. NEWS OF THE WORLD'S NAVIES pected to be in the Mediterranean the Commander-in-Chief America From this flight information', for .the first time, according to the and West Indies' Command. Her meteorologists are able to deter- main role will be "to assist the mine the speed and direction of the invasion beaches of Nor- fore the aircraft sank. A skiff London. "Daily Telegraph." Snow Warfare Governor of the Falkland Islands the wind, as well as to plot from the Australian destroyer It says that Royal Navy. ships for Royal Marines mandy. and Dependencies during the weather contours for the jet The Rev. "Tubby" Clayton, Tobr'ul^ picked them up. equipped with asdic have located unidentified submarines. Antarctic season in maintaining stream, similar to the more fami- Cold weather warfare training founder of Toe H, spent two days The second phase of the man- The Admiralty would not com- the security of the territories liar weather maps published in the began in January for volunteer aboard the ship at sea. oeuvres will be the arrival of a Royal Marines making their head- ment on the report, but its spokes- under his jurisdiction and in fur- daily newspapers. fleet of American transports from quarters in a Norwegian hut near In spite of severe winter con- man said that submarines are thering the policy of Her The balloons carry about 350 Manila with a battalion of U.S. Aviemore. in the Scottish high- ditions and successive gales the entitled to operate in the Mediter- Majesty's Government in that pounds of ballast, sufficient for an lands. Previously a week's pre- Melbourne completed her final paratroopers and their equipment ranean outside territorial waters. area." estimated three to six days flight, liminary training took place at the trials before she went to Le Havre. The "Daily Telegraph" corres- Hitherto this role has been car- which means that the balloons, R.M. Commando School at Bick- The trials included the success- Special Squadron pondent at Nicosia (Cyprus) says ried out by a frigate of the with their associated radio tele- leigh, near Plymouth, to bring ful launching by her steam cata- for Atom Tests notification would not be neces- America and West Indies Station; metering equipment, have a pos- volunteers up-to-date in their pult of her new Sea Venom all The Royal Navy's participation sary for passage of Russian sub- but these frigates were not sible range of 10,000 miles or knowledge of map reading, com- weather day and night jet fighters in the third series of British marines through the Straits of strengthened against ice and were more. As the balloons descend pass fork and cross country and her Cannet turbo-prop anti- atomic weapons test in the Monte Gibraltar. Harbourage would be less suitable than the Protector for below the 30,000 foot level, an • marching on Dartmoor. submarine aircraft. The aircraft Bello Islands next April is to available to them in Albania and, this work. automatic cut-off device termi- At Glenmore Lodge, 1,100 feet were launched when the only include a Special Squadron, which possibly, egypt. The Protector, specially nates the flight and lowers the wind passing over the flight deck strengthened and carrying two equipment by parachute. The above sea level, where they spend will operate in waters adjacent to New Ensign three weeks, they learn to live and was that caused by the speed of the islands with its senior officer. helicopters for the purpose of ice transmitters contain shipping in- fight in the snow, the rudiments the carrier. Commodore Hugh C. Martell, in for Ceylon Navy spotting. communications and structions to assure their return by of ski-ing. and the use of special The Melbourne will arrive in H.M.S. Harvik, a 5,000 ton land- A new Ensign was hoisted on transport, will be a more reliable the finders. ships of the Royal Ceylon Navy clothing and weapons. They are Australian waters towards the ing ship with a complement of and flexible ship for operating in The flights across the Pacific on the fifth anniversary of the also prepared to live in snow holes middle of this year. about 250. Antarctic waters and for support-, are the latest in a programme founding of this Commonwealth and small tents in below freezing ing our civilian bases. which originated in the Navy in Narvik left Portsmouth recently Navy. temperatures and avoid frostbite She will have j Royal Marine 1949. Flight tests of the present R.N. and R.A.N. for the Indian Ocean. During the past five years, the and other cold injuries. Ship* at Exeraae In Australian waters she will platoon embarked. As opportu- system were begun in Oregon in Royal Ceylon Navy has operated nity offers, she will carry out 1952. Subsequent flights across Much of their training, under be joined by other ships, both under the White Ensign as worn Captain M. J. Baizley, R.M., de- Flags of eight SEATO nations some scientific work on behalf of the United States from West to flew from Bangkok's Don Muang from the Royal Navy and from by the Royal Navy. signed to achieve the highest the Royal Australian Navy. the Hydrographer of the Navy. East, and later across the Atlantic standards of physical fitness, airport when the first joint exer- The new Ensign consists of the Ocean to the coast of Europe, cises of South-East Asia Treaty Red Cross of St. George in a Balloon Weather Station* have successfully demonstrated the initiative and military efficiency, is New Navy for undertaken on a plateau of the Powers began last month. white field with the national flag from Japan practicability of the scheme. An Australian and British task Weat Germany of Ceylon in the upper canton Coirngorm range at a height of A series of balloon - borne force of one cruiser and four next to the staff. more than 3,000 feet. The West German Parliament weather stations are being Atom Bomb "Sink*" destroyers, and a New Zealand has authorised the Government to New Role for launched from the U.S. Naval To gain knowledge of fighting frigate met the American carrier U.S. Navy Ship* order the first ships for its new H.M.S. Protector Air Facility at Oppama, Japan, at low temperatures, other Royal Princeton and her escorting war- A simulated atom bomb ex- Navy. to gather weather information on Marines are this winter training in ships in the Gulf of Siam at dawn. The Admiralty has announced ploded over the Iwo Jima "inva- Norway with the Norwegian The Government will order that H.M.S. Protector (Cap- their flight across the Pacific, at sion" fleet recently, theoretically Army under more intense cold When the morning mists eight destroyers and 145 smaller tain J. V. Wilkinson. D.S.C., an altitude of 30,000 feet, the cleared a shuttle service of Marine sinking four U.S. Navy transports and tougher conditions than it is vessels, including E-boats, from G.M., R.N.), an armed netlayer Navy announced. carrying 2,000 men. possible to find in Britain. Others helicopters flew a battalion of heavily armed combat-equipped German shipyards. of 3.600 tons, has been converted This pioneering meteorological The four ships listed as sunk are training in the Canadian Under the Paris Treaties, West and commissioned for service in project, a co-ordinated programme were within a radius of 4.000 Arctic. marines from the Princeton to a bivouac on the airport. Germany must not build ships the Falkland Islands and Depen- of the Navy's Bureau of Aeronau- yards below the point of "explo- bigger than 3,000 tons. The first dencies during the season from tics and the Naval Research Labo- sion," says an American Asso- Thirty-three helicopters flew about November to April. ratory. is known as the "transo- R.A.N. Men Vint nearly 700 men from the carrier, building programme does not yet ciated Press correspondent aboard She will operate on an annual sondc." or "transoceanic sound- Invasion Beaches almost 30 miles away. include submarines. the U.S.S. Mount McKmley. cycle, returning each year to the ing" system. The Defence Ministry plans a A second ring of ships about A large number of the 1,000 The movement was marred by United Kingdom about the end one of the helicopters falling into total outlay of 6,200 million The system uses a plastic bal- 4,000 yards from the destroyed officers and men in the new Royal of May for overhaul and recom- the sea. marks (Xstg.518 million) on West loon, 39 feet in diameter, to ships theoretically received heavy Australian Navy aircraft carrier missioning. She sailed from Ports- carry the weather instruments. Melbourne have visited Paris and Seven marines jumped clear be- German naval forces. damage and casualties. Mlrch, 191*. M TNI NAVY REPLACING THE '••'"• I ' . i MERCHANT NAVY By L. Hughes — in London pVtRY now and again the stringent regulations. At intervals newspaper reader will come of about four years every ship, if across a paragraph stating that a it is to retain its classification at ship is making her last voyage be- Lloyd's, must undergo a survey. fore going to the break-up yard. The older the ship gets, the more Usually it is a wcll-know.i liner, exacting become the classification the less romantic ships >uch as society's requirements anJ the tramps, tankers, and coasters an1 heavier becomes the cost of over- as a rule towed to their last rest- haul and refitting. The time must ing places unhonoured and un- inevitably be reached when the sung, although they. too, in their ship can no longer be operated at various ways have upheld the a profit. Of course, if the owner prestige of the Merchant Navy intends to replace her. he does and contributed to the nation's iv t wait until that stage is reached well-being. before ordering a new ship, for shipping is a continuing industry Few who read the news of the and plans have to be made years end of these vessels stop to think ahead. whether others are replacing them. It is taken for granted. It is this There was a time when a ship- ing power of 10 ships for 2J reserves, but it is important to entered specific trades, and by representations to the Government owner could obtain fixed prices attitude which is disturbing, for years, or, in terms of money, realise that these reserves arc not their competition and conduct that high taxation .is depriving and firm delivery dates. That time if there is any industry where £12,500.000 lying idle for that "free," for they have to a great have brought down the rates of companies of resources with which may come again, but at present apathy is dangerous, it is shipping. period. extent already been invested in freight in those trades to uneco- to maintain their fleets by replace- More than one British shipowner the building prices arc subject to ships. nomic levels. adjustments for changes in prices What would be the total re- ment. A little encouragement has has issued the warning that at When it is stated that to build of material and for changes in placement cost of the British The cost of building a ship is been forthcoming through the in- present building prices, and under a dry-cargo ship of the liner class wage rates occurring before the Merchant Navy? It has been put made up of about 80 per cent, vestment allowance introduced by existing taxation yolicy, it is not may cost close oo £200 per gross ship is delivered, so that the ship- at £2,000,000,000. wages and 20 per cent, materials. Mr. Butler in his last Budget. The possible to build a ship which can ton, a figure which will be added owner does not know the ultimate Roughly 75 per cent, of that cost ultimate effect of the allowance is hope to pay for itself over the 25 This is a staggering figure, but to if passenger accommodation or cost of the vessel he has ordered, is inflationary and as there is no that wear and tear allowances on or 30 years of its life. one group of companies alone refrigerated space have to be pro- nor can he be certain of the date sign of the inflationary trend be- which income tax relief is granted estimates that it would cost vided, it will be appreciated that Shipbuilding costs are four when it will be handed over to ing arrested, on the face of it arc extended over the normal life £100,000,000 to replace its fleet, the problem of replacement is, in- times what they were pre-war, him. This is strikingly illustrated thera would seem little hope of a of a new ship to 120 per cent, of and when one sees the substantial deed, serious for the shipowner. and taxation is so high that the by the experiences of the Shell fall in building costs. the first cost. While this is a wel- sums which companies have to With his ship costing four times cash resources of many shipowners group. They are having built for come measure of relief, it scarcely allocate to replace vessels as they the amount it did in, say, 1937, are getting very low. The depre- them in British yards more than The chairman of the Union- touches the immediate problem of become obsolescent, these huge it has to earn four times as much ciation they are able to set aside 30 tankers of 18,000 deadweight Castle Line has urged that ship- replacement. The rate of allow- figures no longer appear unreal- to pay its way. That, in the face falls far short of the amount need- tons each, of identical specifica- builders and sub-contractors, and ances docs not bridge the gap be- istic. For example, the Furncss of increased competition from ed to buy new tonnage. tions, on a cost-plus basis. So far. the trade unions conccrned. should tween the total of depreciation Withy group has spent other maritime countries, particu- the maximum variation in price get together to sec how by co- allowances made to the industry The life of a ship varies accord- £17,000,000 on new ships in the larly the re-emergence of Ger- has been as much as £70.000 a operation and by increased effort ing to its class. A liner, passenger past five years, and the Cunard many and Japan as mercantile and the current cost of replacing or cargo, built for and spending ship—roughly 6, per cent, of the shipbuilding costs can be more the annual wastage in the mer- Company has a shipbuilding powers, is a formidable prospect. equated to resources and pros- all her life in one particular trade, price. liability of £18,900,00(1. chant fleet. Unless there is some can give good service for 30 years pects. "It is scarcely fair," he said, permanent recognition on the part Sir William Currie, the chair- "to assume that shipowners arc or irore; a tanker on the other I: is estimated that the average Evcrv shipping company has to of the Government that the cost nap. of the I'. ie O. Steam Navi- the onlv people who should be ex- hand has a useful life of rarely delay in delivery tnre over the set aside money to a reserve for of replacement must be set aside gation Company, has pointed out pected to shoulder the burden of more than 16 years. The average whole of their present programme fleet replacement. The sums vary, before taxation is levied, it seems that the policy of the Japanese increased shipbuilding costs." of all ships may be taken as 20-25 is four months a ship, or a total of course, from company to com- likely that the resources of British delav of 280 ship-months. Government has been to use its years. pany. A study of balance sheets shipping as an instrument of com- Now as to the taxation position. shipowners must gradually run Shipping is subject to very That represents a loss of earn- may reveal that some have huge mercial policy. Japanese li;ics have Shipowners have made repeated down.

THE NAVY March, 1954. trades that if an ownei fails to A company with a sizeable fleet request of the Government up the encouragement given by its showed that British shipping con- maintain regular services foreign Personalities will require to replace a ship every predecessor to industry generally. one or two years, lt might be tributed in the year for which the competitors will step in to fill the suggested as a sound proposition survey was made 110 less than gap. Tramp shipowners can from The final Report of the Royal Lord Geddes Accepts Tanker that the owner of, say, 2D ships £221,000,000 to our balance of time to time suspend building Commissicn cn the Taxation of should he allowed to retain tax- payments. If it is to continue to operatii ns and. . in tact, do so, Profits and Income has now ap- Appointment free profits sufficient to replace e.irn foreign exchange a: this level awaiting either a fall in building peared and it gives little comfort to shipowners. The Commission one ship each year, with a similar it must have modern and efficient prices or a revival in freight rates. HE P. 6? O. Company has an- Deputy Director of the Tanker has definitely rejected the proposal provision lor those companies with ships. This is evidenced by the fact that nounced that Lord Geddes Division, where he remained until that depreciation should he calcu- T smaller fleets. If shipowners, owing to the high at present there are very few has accepted the appointment as the end of hostilities. orders for new tramp ships. lated on the replacement value of No Government can afford to taxation policy, combined with Tanker Adviser to the P. £RO. Lord Geddes resigned from the ships and firmly anchors itself to ignore the fact that British ship- high shipbuilding costs, are obliged The whole picture is one de- Group of Companies, and takes up Shell Group shortly after the war the "historic cost" principle. ping contributes largely to the to withdraw old ships from ser- serving careful study by the Gov- his duties immediately. ended to become a partner in-Chr. national income. vice without replacement the ernment, and it is to be hoped Its proposals with regard to the This is a new position which Salvesen and Company, the Scot- It is the fact that the last in- effects will be far-reaching. So that with a substantial majority, "balancing charge" which ship- arises directly fr:Rear Admiral M. G. Good- Galland's career to the reader. ceeded at Garden Island by Cap- plays. individually and as leader enough. C.B.E., D.S.O. (mid- Perhaps to the less air-minded the tain (E) J. W. N. Bull, R.A.N., of his Squadron. He is a bachelor, January). most interesting part will be the descriptions of meetings, or per- new General Ovcrsceer, Eastern aged 29, and has been in the Surgeon Rear Admiral R. L. G. haps summonings would be the Area (Sydney), and Staff Officer Navy for 16 years. Formerly he Proctor. M.D.. Ch.B.. F.R.C.P., better word, with his Chief, (Engineering) to the Flag Officer served at many Naval Air DP H— Deputy Medical Direc- Rcichsmarschall Goering, and less in Charge, Eastern Area. Stations and also afloat in the air- tor-General. is to be an Honorary the lightning progress of the "The First and the Last" often with Hitler. With both craft carrier Theseus. He is a keen Physician to H.M. The Queen in Polish campaign later on. Of in- Bv Adolph Gdl/and. Published Galland appears to have been on Rugby player and has represented succession to Surgeon Rear Admi- terest too is a short paragraph in Admiral Sir Walter by Mcthuen I London I. close terms, and his account the United Services. ral S. q. Rainsford, C.B.. D.Sc., this chapter on the notorious H. Cowan This hook. written by a Ger- amply confirms previous glimpses The Boyd Trophy commemo- M.D.. B.Ch.. M.R.C.P., D.P.H. bombing of Guernica in Northern Britain's "Little Admiral," man lighter pilot whose career we have been given of the charac- rates the work for Naval Avia- Spain which seeks, somewhat Admiral Sir Walter H. Cowan, The Reverend Frederick Dar- ters of these two men, who, more tion of Vice-Admiral Sir Denis during the Second World War lamely, to mitigate the criticism died at his home at Kineton rell Bent. O.B.E.. M.A.. Q.H.C. than any others, may he said to Boyd, who, as Captain, com- can only be described as meteoric, expressed at the time over this recently, aged 84. is to be Chaplain of the Fleet have been responsible for what manded H.M.S. Illustrious from is much more than just another bloody incident. He was only 5 ft. 2 in. tall. succeeding the Venerable Arch- went awry in German air strategy which strikes were launched autobiography. It is a personal Admiral Cowan retired from deacon Frank N. Chamberlain, and tactical planning. against the Italian Fleet at account of the building up and And so the story continues into C.B.. O.B.E.. M.A., F.K.C., the Navy in 1931, but when Taranto. It incorporates a silver subsequent war service, from 1936 the Second World War, at the At times the reader may he Q.H.C. (May). World War II broke out he model of a Fairey Swordfish until the eclipsc of the Luftwaffe beginning of which the author rather irritated by the author's declared "I want to die fighting, bomber and was presented to the in 1945, of the German fighter found himself in command of a tendency to exaggerate the effect and not in bed." Royal Navy by the Fairey Avia- wings, of which Galland was head ground support unit on the Polish which his fighter arm had on the He joined the Army and fought tion Company. HUDSON BAY by the end of 1941. For this frontier. By May, 1940, however, general issue of the war, the occa- in Tobruk and the Western Last year it was awarded to the COMPANY alone it would be worth reading, he had been promoted to Captain, sion "begging of the question." Desert when he was over 70. He Naval Test Squadron at the Aero- A special appointment to "do but Galland, besides being an un- had won the Iron Cross, 2nd and also by his inclination from won the D.S.O. at 73. plane and Armament Experimen- honour to the greatest living usually brave man and brilliant class, and was now flying with time to time to be wise after the The medal ribbons on his uni- event. Apart from this, however, tal Establishment at Boscombe statesman and to renew the com- pilot, obviously has a wise head on the 27th Fighter Group in the form took up five rows by the there is much wisdom and not a Down. pany's link with the illustrious his shoulders. His reasons for the West. At the end of 1941 he had time the war ended. little pathos. Galland had three name of Churchill" has been made failure of the Germain Air Force, been promoted to General of the brothers, all of whom became At 73 he became a Naval com- R.N. Appointments by one of the oldest British pio- though sometimes based on con- Fighter Arm and, as such, joined fighter pilots, two being killed in mando and took part in the raid The Admiralty has announced neer enterprises, the Hudson Bay jecture rather than deduction, are the General Staff in Berlin — action after distinguished service. on the Dalmation Islands, for the following appointments? Company. always interesting, as are the much to his disgust and disinclina- which he was awarded the D.S.O. accounts of his many conversa- tion. Two months later he tempo- Rear Admiral G. A. Thring. Sir Winston Churchill has When Group Captain Bader. tions with Hitler and Goering. rarily escaped from his. office to then a prisoner of war, met the Admiral Cowan won his first D.S.O. and Bar —Flag Officer acceptcd the honorary appoint- The book starts with the take charge of one of the fighter author, there developed a mutual D.S.O. during the Nile Expedi- Malayan Area, in succession to ment of Grand Seigneur of the author's first experience of flying groups on the Normandy coast esteem and admiration. Bader tion in 1893. Rear Admiral E. H. Shattock. Company of Adventurers of Eng- which,. like that of m jst of the which had been given the task of writes a spirited introduction in He took part in the Battle of C.B., O.B.E. (May). land Trading into Hudson Bay — younger Luftwaffe pilots, had per- providing protection for the pas- which he refutes a passage in the Jutland in World War I, and. in Rear Admiral R. S. Wcllby. claimed to be the oldest chartered force to be in gliders owing to sage of the battle-cruisers Scharn- book concerned with the delivery 1919, commanded Britain's Baltic D.S.O. — Head of the United trading company in existence. the ban on military flying until host and Cneisenau up the Chan- of his artificial leg to a German force. Kingdom Services Liaison Staff in the rise of Hitler to power. nel — Operation "Thunderbolt." airfield by the Royal Air Force. Australia and as Senior Naval Lieut.-Commander Kelly- Sidelights on his service in the The two short chapters devoted to Finally it must be mentioned Adviser to the United Kingdom Australia will claim Condor Legion under General Lieutenant - Commander D. P. this incident, which Galland des- that although Galland is frankly High Commissioner (April). new gliding records Franco in the Spanish Civil War W. Kelly is the Commanding cribes in proud terms, are of par- Anglophile, this book was not Rear Admiral C. L. G. Evans, follow, and the author makes no Officer of No. 806 Air Squadron The Royal Australian Navy ticular interest in showing the specially written for British con- C.B.E., D.S.O., D.S.C. — Flag bones over the fact of this period which has won the 1955 Boyd glider team is claiming four British extreme detail in the planning and sumption. having first appeared in Officer Flying Training in succes- being deliberately used for testing Trophy— the premier award of gliding records, the Navy an- the excellent co-operation later Germany in 1953. sion to Rear Admiral G. Wil- out the new Messerschmitt 109 the Fleet Air Arm. nounced last month. between the German Navy and R.S.D.A. loughby, C.B. (February). fighter — which we were to meet Air Force. The embarkation in Lieutenant - Commander Kelly They are a long distance record —In tha London "Navy,* Rear Admiral P. Dawnay, over the Channel only too often the ships of special G.A.F. fighter succeeded Lieutenant-Commander of 208 miles and three speed "Gulf Stream Horth" M.V.O., D.S.C.— Deputy Con- three years later — and, perhaps direction officers is a reminder of Chilton as Commanding Officer records-for a 193-mile triangular troller in succession to Rear more important, for the opera- how completely dependent the By Earl Conrad. Published by early in 1955 and he remained flight. The flights were made in Admiral L. F. Durnford Slater, tional trials of ground attack sup- Navy was on its sister service in Victor Gollancz f London). with the Squadron until it was N.S.W. recently. C.B. (February). port for the infantry by aircraft. all maritime air operations. Gulf Stream Worth is a book disbanded in November last. Rear Admiral R. H. Wright, The team will submit the claims As a result of the success of the for all who respond to the call of Lieutenant - Commander Kelly, D.S.C. and Bar — Assistant Chief to the Federation Aeronautique operations in Spain this new tac- Here, for lack of space, we the sea. It is a story of five days an outstanding aerobatic pilot, of Naval Staff in Succession to the Internationale. tic was to play a decisive part in must leave the rest of General in the lifc of a very old sailing • THf NAVY March, I Mi. •I MARITIME NEWS OF THE

From our Correspondents in LONDON and NEW YORK By AIR MAIL

Australia's Gift Launch Manners and Co., and will be He said the Russians gave no in Rough Trip used in the China coast trade. indication of making another, "in- vasion" of Norway's four-mile The launch Indaustral, Austra- The Carlisle, formerly owned territorial waters. lia's gift to India, reached Singa- by James Patrick and Sons, is pore last month with her fuel towing the Tuggcrah, which used The three-day "invasion" cost tanks almost empty after a very to trade regularly between Syd- the Soviet 13 fishing boats and one rough passage from Sydney. ney and Catherine Hill Bay. She factory ship. was owned by the Wallarah Coal Norwegian torpedo and patrol The Indaustral, a Colombo Plan Company. gift, is a 40 ft. hospital launch boats had to open fire at least which the Indian Government will twice to prevent the Soviet vessels Research on escaping. use in the Andaman and Nicobar Atom-powered Ships Islands. Lord Privy Seal R. A. Butler Atomic Ice-breaker She left Sydney early in Janu- has indicated that research for for Arctic Use ary and was due at Singapore on building atom-powered ships was Russian scientists and ship- \ January 28. going on in Britain. designers arc planning an atomic Local agents said she could Mr. Butler said Britain's icebreaker for use in the Arctic make only three knots in very bad Atomic Energy Authority is col- and a shipyard is being prepared weather and was 20 days behind laborating with the Shipbuilding for the work, says the newspaper schedule when she arrived, with Research Association. "Pravda." her radio out of commission. He told the Commons that the New Dry Dock Big Sea Shift British Government was aware of in Mediterranean U.S. developments. Five warships of the R.A.N and R.NXN. left Sydney recently for Singapore to take part in SEATO exercises. The anti- for Migrants A giant new dry dock has been opened in Naples. submarine friqate H M.A.S "Quadrant" is shown leading the ships. British migration to Australia Norwegians Capture Russian It is the second largest in the in 1955 was the highest for three Fishing Vessels Mediterranean — next to that at the Bible — these are all magnifi- vessel, the Moona Waa Tongue. ters, the purse-boat and the many years, and the year's average sail- The Norwegian Navy has cap- Toulon (France). other technical expressions used in cently told by Bix, the mate of ings under the assisted passages fitted with a diesel engine, while tured a 14th Russian fishing vessel It is 1,145 ft. long, 147 ft. wide . menhaden fishing, cannot perhaps the Moona Waa Tongue. fishing off the coast of Florida for scheme alone exceeded 500 people inside Norway's sea boundaries. and 45 ft. deep. menhaden, a species of herring be fully understood without some Overloaded with fish on the every week. United Press says the Norwe- valuable for the fertiliser, meal knowledge of deep sea fishing. fifth day, her white captain drunk Under the scheme 26,356 men, gian action apparently forced the Modern Pirates and oil which are made from it. and completely laid out, the ves- women and children migrated. remainder of the Soviet fishing Board Ships But it is the human interest, the sel sank in a sudden storm while fleet to seek the safety of the high Earl Conrad's talc — told by Modern pirates, wearing hoods, pathos of the story, which will vainly endeavouring to reach the Australian Ships seas. had boarded ships in the Mediter- the coloured mate of the vessel — appeal to the average reader. The harbour she ought to have entered for Hong Kong is a story of human courage and The lighthouse-keeper at Svi- ranean, a Marseilles Court was conversation of the black crew the day before. Fortunately a noey, 10 miles off the Norwegian told recently. endurance in the face of tremen- Two Australian coastal ships, during those long spells when no coastguard cutter saved the crew mainland, reported that the Soviet The pirates had "hi-jacked" dous difficulties. Carlisle and the Tuggerah, left fish were to be found — their — apart from one man washed fleet had pulled back from Nor- smuggled goods from the ships. I jokes, their philosophy, their views Sydney recently for Hong Kong. The process of laying out the overboard. They have been bought by a wegian waters and was hovering The Court is trying 31 men for I nets, the buntpullers, t[ie ring set- on the white man, on religion, on on the horizon. Continued on page 27 Hong Kong .shipping firm, John theft, smuggling, for having I

THE NAVY March, I9S6. » I received stolen goods, and for cur- The prosecution said the gang where they will remain until next of them. They said they could do rency control offences. stripped Combinatic of 2.100 January, without any contact with CHRISTMAS CONVOY nothing without the co-operation cases of cigarettes, worth the outside world, except radio. The French Customs are claim- By Hugh Love of the crew and that co-operation ing about £3,250,000 sterling in £A169,680. food and equipment. To reach the south magnetic was not forthcoming. The Bosun evaded duties from the men oil Pole, the explorers would have to Satellite Base TT WAS two nights before dropped by half. The morale of said with much gloom, "I only trial. make their way 300 miles south h';r>e that we get to Freetown The prosecution said a gang of on South Magnetic Pole across the Polar icecap. Christmas. We were a week out the crew just disappeared and I, from Gibraltar bound for Free- the poor down-trodden First Lieu- without running into any trouble. 45 operated in a high speed motor A French Antarctic expedition V. Victor said the party had They are all so low that 1 don't N'.it. the E.\ine. now ki-ed at Adelie Land, about em ugh food for two years in case town with the slowest and most tenant, was blamed by everyone bloody-minded convoy that ever for everything. The Skipper said fancy our chance in a scrap." I The gaii': had twice hoarded ?.

" 24 ' t, \ »V March, IH4. mmmm • wpp good order. I began to feel a bit the water. I hated the searchlight. men were grouped round the little him on and look after him," and easier until 1 realised that they had It gave me the creeps. It gave me negro family who were sitting on I walked off. made no effort to decorate the mess an awful lonely feeling. You last the deck leaning against a Carley I don't know where the decora- deck. This depressed me. 1 knew your comforting oneness with the float. The man was looking up at tions came from. I don't know every man-jack on that ship as surrounding dark which was a bad the Doe. His faee was lined anJ where the Christmas Tree had well as any officer ever knew any thing in war-time. haggard, but his eyes were serene. been hidden or all the things that crew. For over a year 1 had been The light stayed on long enough There was a great dignity about were hung on it. All I know and father and mother, guide, philoso- to let us see and recognise a ship's him. He had one arm round his all I cared about was that when pher and fnenJ. priest and father boat, and then we were in dark- wife. She was looking down at the Joe and his father and mother left confessor to the whole hunch of ness again. little boy who was huddled againjt us in Freetown they left the hap- them. 1 knew a great deal about The Skipper called me from th«; her side encircled by her arm. Her piest and most efficient ship in the their homes and families. I knew bridge. "What do you make of it. face was drawn and old. but she Royal Navy. A ship that had just that most of them had as strong Number One?" was half-smiling. The boy was celebrated the most joyful Christ- Kinds with home and family and I said. "Looks like a ship's life- locking up at her. The fear had mas I had ever known and, human Christmas as 1 haJ. It angered as boat. Seems genuine enough, but gone out of him. nature being what it is, we got well as saddened me to know that you never know. Could be a U- For a moment I thought I was considerable additional pleasure they were hurting themselves as boat trap." looking at something that I had out of meeting our "relief" crawl- well as me by this display of child- "O.K. We'll circle her until first seen before, or was it part of a ing out of Freetown with the ish' stupidity. It wasn't my fault light and then investigate. Keep dream or had someone told me a scruffiest looking convoy you ever that they were going to be at sea everyone closed-up and ready for story like this? saw heading round the' Cape for for the second year running and anything. Double up on Radar An then the Doc took charge Egypt the crew of another ship who had and Asdic." and the man and the woman were spent last Christmas at home were We had two hours to go until taken below. The Doc pointed to BOOK REVIEWS going to be at home this Christ- Continued from page 22 dawn. I spent the time thinking of me and said to the boy, "You're It is indeed astonishing that as mas as well. To hell with the lot all the things I would rather be all right, son, you can stay up late as in the year 1949 — for of them, and the Navy, and My doing than what I was doing. I here. Go to Uncle Jimmy. He'll this story is based on fact — an Lords of the Admiralty, and any- could think of nothing I would show you how the ship works." old tub of this kind, with rotten one else you could care to think rather NOT be doing except The kid stood undecided so I timbers and obviously in urgent of. 1 went below and fell asleep. swimming away from a torpedoed went over to him and held out my need of a long refit, should have Almost immediately the Alarm ship in the Arctic Circle in mid- hand. "What's your name, son?" been allowed to go to sea at all. Rattlers came to life. I was at my winter. I asked in the gentlest voice I G.P.T. action station before 1 was fully After a lifetime of waiting the could muster —In the London "Navy." awake. Even so. I noticed that we sky began to clear and we were He looked after his father and closed-up slower than was our able to close the boat. mother and for a moment kept his "A Hundred Years of wont and I thought, angrily, There were three people in her eyes away from me. Then he Sea Stories" "Christmas or no Christmas. I'll all negroes. A man. a woman looked up and with a little grin Edited by Lieutenant-Comman- give them it when daylight comes. and a little boy. They were on the corners cc his mouth said, der P. K. Kemp. R.X. Pub- They'll cxercise action until they huddled together in the stern "Joseph." lished hy Cassell (London). won't know or care if it's Christ- sheets. The man and the woman "Well, Joe, you come with me No anthology will ever satisfy mas Dav or Hallowe'en!" were in a bad way but the little and we'll see what the cook can every reader. In the case of A I picked up the phone, got in boy, although he was scared, raise," and I started off down aft. Hundred Tears of Sea Stories, the Editor, Lieutenant-Commander P. touch with the bridge and was looked healthy. My thought was I'm not a particularly clever K. Kemp, has made this point told that the radar had blipped that the father and mother had chap, I say that in all modesty, abundantly clear in his own fore- something in the water about five gone without and the little chap and when it comes to thinks like word. Indeed, it is evident that miles ahead that might be the con- had got all the food and water psychology I'm a nonstarter, but he has his own doubts about his ning tower of a submarine. Bv that was going. once in a while—a long while—I choice; and many readers will cer- this time we were full ahead, all We got them on board with have a brain wave that is none of tainly wonder why their own par- guns were trained on the bearing difficulty—they could do nothing my doing. I had one then. I turned ticular pet story has been omitted. of the contact and down aft a for themselves—and then put a on my tracks and headed for the pattern pattern of depth charges hole in the bottom of their boat mess deck shouting to a seaman Having said so much, however, was ready that wo-'Id blow half and let it sink. Then I turned to to tell the RO. of the mess deck there can remain only praise for the U-Boats in the German Navy see what was happening on the that I wanted him. When the the wide range covered in the out of the ocean, given the chance. deck and what I saw I can still see P.O. appeared I handed Joe over small compass of some 300 pages. E.V.2 Gilbert Chevellisr, of th* French cruiser "Joanne d'Arc, being "rescued" by Our searchlight sizzled and clat- to this day. to him and said, "Here is a new No doubt many will wish to make the acquaintance of the Victorian a helicopter during a Navy display for members of the French training squadron tered. The beam shot out across The Doc and a few of our sea- man for the seaman's mess. Sign Continued on page 3? who visited H.M.AS. "Albatross."

THE NAVY March, It**. For Sm Cadts condition of all fishes in the sea. The next problem is aea-pies- Felix-the-cat, must always keep When a fish wants to rise in sure. At 100 ft. the pressure- moving, for loss of control will water it points itself upwards, would be about 45 lb. per sq. in., inevitably follow if she does not. waggles its fins and tail, and pro- that is, three times as great as the The only thing that a submarine THE SUBMARINE STORY pels itself towards its objective normal atmospheric pressure. The can do if she wants to stop is to and when it wants to sink it rate of increase of pressure is "sit on the bottom" of the sea, By GILBERT HACKFORTH-JONES — in London points itself downwards. In directly proportional to the in- provided of course that the water neither case docs it make itself crease of depth. A submarine's is shallow enough for her to NLIKE the aeroplane, with' within such a close range that it ment further. Our soap-dish is heavier or lighter than the water hull at 500 ft., therefore, is sub- remain at a safe depth when so U which man had conquered is impossible to miss with the bobbing placidly on the surface of in which it swims; and if it was jected to a pressure of 225 lb. on doing. his own inability to fly, the sub- weapon carried for that purpose. the water, all unconscious of the paralysed, or died, it would every square inch of her exterior. We now sec that a submarine marine. which enables him to go to Everything, therefore, in the fate which awaits it. Stealthily remain suspended at the spot in Her plating must be thick enough can only remain submerged for as great depths under water, serves design and construction of a sub- we begin to load her piecemeal the water where its propelling not only to withstand the pres- long a time as she can work her absolutely no useful purpose i>ther marine exists solely for the pur- with bits of soap, a nail brush and powers ended, for having neither sure at the maximum depth for propellers. Some means of storing than as a weapon of war. pose of enabling her firstly to ful- a few drops of water squeezed positive nor negative buoyancy it which she has been designed, but propelling energy must therefore It is very expensive to build, fil her fell purpose, and. secondly, from the sponge. As the dead- would neither rise nor fall. must possess an ample margin of be provided. For this purpose the and has to be so strongly con- of being able thereafter to escape weight of this "cargo" is added to strength for safety purposes in electrical storage battery, which structed and equipped with machi- the counter-attacks which she is the dead-weight of the soap dish The submarine, when it is on case the submarine is inadver- can be charged by dynamos when nery that there is only iust enough bound to suffer as soon as she has it sinks lower in the water until the surface, is simply an ordinary tently dived UK) deep. A steel the submarine is on the surface, space left to provide cramped liv- betrayed her presence by striking there comes a time when the rim vessel with positive buoyancy. In plate. 1 in. thick and 1 ft. square, has been universally employed. ing conditions for its crew. her victim. of the soap-dish is just level with order to be able to submerge that weighs 40 lb. So you sec the the surface. At this stage a few positive buoyancy must be over- If war was abolished all over First of all. let us examine the pressure-hull of a submarine is a When the submarine is sub- further drops of water squeezed come by allowing water to flow very heavy thing indeed. merged her propellers are driven the world (and let us hope that problem of building a submarine from the sponge into the interior into special tanks in the subma- this one day will h.ippea) no sub- by electric motors which derive for ourselves and so see how it of the soap-dish will finish our rine's hull. These are called main If a submarine is taken below marine would ever Iv built, except their power from three batteries, works. experiment. Obeying the prin- ballast tanks, and when they are the surface by means of her pro- perhaps. .111 occasional Bathysphere and when the batteries are run We have all played with boats ciple of flotation the soap-dish will completely full the submarine will pellers and hydroplanes, and then for the purpose of exploring the down they must be recharged. in our baths and probably have try to sink further, so as to dis- lv nearly in a state of neutral the propellers arc stopped, she will bottom of the sea. L'p to a few years ago this could unwittingly demonstrated over place an extra amount of water buoyancy. I say " nearly" because continue to remain horizontal as only h: done by bringing the sub- About a quarter of .1 century and over again the simple prin- equal in weight to that which the chances arc that she won't lv long as her head-way ensures that marine to the surface, so that her ago an American submarine was ciple of flotation, which is: "that we've iust added internally. But, vhat is called in "perfect trim," the hydroplanes have a grip on diescl engines could suck in fitted out bv the P-lar explorer when a body is placed in liquid it alas! She can displace 110 more, due to a number of causes which the passing water. enough air to work. Wilkin-, especially for the pur- sinks until it has displaced it> own the whole of the soap-dish is now affect her dead-weight: for When eventually all head-way pose of diving under pack-ice weight of that liquid." Taking an under water and there is no ,-xample. food, the number of men is lost the submarine will lie like Now-a-davs it is only necessary with the object of reaching the enamelled soap dish as our speci- buoyancy left. iboard. drinking water, oil fuel a fish in a state of suspended for a submarine to rise to "Peri- North Pole. men we turn it 011 its side and and ammunition supplies: these animation. If she is in perfect scope Depth": that is. about She was fitted with a large ver- holding it in that position we In fact she now possesses what ill vary from day to day and equilibrium about her point of thirty feet under the surface. In tical drill with which she would allow it to slide gently into the is called negative buoyancy and nust be compensated for. This is balance she will remain horizon- this position a breathing-tube be able to bore her way through bathwater. As the material from sinks to the bottom. Just before lone, not by removing water from tal. If. however, a few men are called a "Snort" is raised, so that the ice to God's fresh air when which the soap-dish was made is the last few drops of water were >r adding it to the main ballast made to walk from one end of the fresh air. Kith for the engines and • she should arrive at her destina- heavier weight-for-weight than added she was in a condition of tanks, but by adjusting the vessel to the other (say forward for the crew, can be drawn down tion. In the event no serious water, we^find the soap-dish goes "neutral equilibrium," with amount already carried in smaller to aft), the displacement of their below through one tube, and the attempt was made to carry out straight to the bottom of the bath. neither positive nor negative internal auxiliary ballast tanks. weights will affect the horizontal engine's exhaust can be expelled buoyancy. through another. this dangerous project, which is Recovering it and pouring out When this has been done the sub- balance of the submarine and she the only example, besides that of the water in it we* will hold it, Positive buoyancy is what all marine will weigh exactly the will tilt steadily down by the This has been a very important Professor Picard's exploration of this time, horizontal and the right ships and boats on the surface of same as the water which she dis- stern, and continue to do so if she improvement in design, and means the depths of the ocean, that I can way up. In this position we lower the sea possess. Negative places and so, like a fish, she can is allowed to, until she assumes a that there is theoretically no limit find of a submarine being used for it on to the surface of the water, buoyancy is what all ships and by waggling her fins and tail completely vertical position. This to the length of time a submarine peaceful purposes. and removing the support of our boats on the surface of the sea (only we call them hydroplanes movement can only be corrected can remain submerged at peri- scope depth. The secret of the deadliness of hand we discover that it floats. possess. Negative buoyancy is and propellers), descend into the when a submarine is stopping by the submarine as a war-weapon It weighs the same as it did what all wrecks, which have sunk depths and rise again to within a adjusting weights in the opposite Numerous British submarines lies solely in her ability to become before, but this time, because of after their hulls have been foot or two of the surface. If she direction, for unless she is going have already crossed the Atlantic invisible at will, and thus to it* hollow shape it is able to dis- breached, possess. Neutral wants to become a surface vessel ahead and maintaining an even Ocean without rising above peri- "stalk" her unconscious victim in place its own weight before buoyancy is the condition which again the water in her main bal- keel by using her hydroplanes, she scope depth, and in the last war the same way as a hunter stalks becoming completely submerged. a submarine requires to be in last tanks must he expelled before has no longitudinal stability. German U-boats travelled as far his quarry; creeping up until Now let us pursue the experi- when submerged. It is also the she can achieve positive buoyancy. Because of this a submarine, like as Singapore in that condition.

Mtrdt, Ifl6. 2* THE NAVY cigarette. It takes seven minutes FIRST AND FORENOON to finish the smoke. Guns has his By Hugh Loro in London smoke and I look out for the IS ten minutes to eight and when I nod he says, "O.K., she's Greek. Then Bunts has his and rI am climbing the ladder to all yours. Not a bad night," and goes below with the dirty cups. the bridge. It is a terrible night. he leaves the bridge with indecent I suspect he has another cigarette The ship is swaying and plunging speed singing quietly to himself. when he is below, but I don't say like a mad horse. The spray being - His cheerfulness grates on me. anything. I would do the same whipped over the fo'c'slc by a Young Joe looks at his watch. myself. wicke dwind strikes my face like "One minute to eight," he says. At five to ten Guns says, "I've a thousand iced needles. I am "If Guns is late, I'll murder him." lost the Greek." wearing so many clothes that I But Guns, who has been twenty- I fix my binoculars on the bear- find it difficult to get up the lad- five years in the Service, is never ing where the Greek should be der. It is so dark that I wonder late as he is never early. Exactly and make a close search. No sign. if I will ever be able to sec the on eight he and Bunts' relief arrive The big Liberty ahead of the convoy. together. "Some night." he says Greek is still in station. When I reach the bridge I stand and sways over to Young Joe. "I'll go back to our proper on the top step of the ladder and "O.K., Joe, off you go and get station," I say to Guns. "Let me try' to adjust my eyes to the black- your beauty sleep." Guns is one know as soon as you see him." ness. There is a faint orange glow of those lucky people whose eyes I make a slow alteration. I from the chart table and I can sec never seem to be affected by don't want to waken the Skipper. Bob's head dimly silhouetted. I change from light to dark. She lurches a bit. There is a huge wonder why he is worrying with Young Joe and Bunts leave the sea running. "Sec him yet. a chart. We arc hundreds of bridge together. Joe mutters some- Guns?" miles from land. Young Joe is thing and they both laugh. "What "No, nothing doing." peering out over the bridge the hell have they got to laugh "Blast him. I'll go closer. For through binoculars. Bunts is quiet- about?" I ask Guns. He doesn't heaven's sake sing out the moment ly tucked away in the only nearly- say anything. you spot him." draughtless corner of the bridge WR \NS from H.M.A.S. "Harmon," the Nayy'j siqnal station at C.nbarr-, watch P/O L. Muir plotting aircraft movamcnti on I speak. "Bob said to look out I close until we are about a a icraan at H.MA.S. "Wation" training depot » and if I know Bunts he is fast for the Greek. He's up to his 'able astern of the Liberty ship in asleep. tricks again. Can you sec him?" the position that the Greek should I cross to the chart table. Bob "Yes. he seems a bit too close." be in. No sign of him. I'm I tell him exactly what hap- but we hit a bad patch and the "All right. Good night." looks up and says. "Hullo, Tiny," "I think I'll open out a bit. wondering what to do next when pened. win J screams through the rigging "She's all yours. Good night," and adds cheerfully, "What a The Commodore will never see us Bunts screams in near panic. "You were out of station?" like a thousand demented souls. I say cheerfully and leave the . bloody night." and I'll feel happier." "Ship on the port beam. Sir. "Yes, Sir." I check with Guns. Th; Greek bridge quietly singing to myself. I shiver and adjust the towel At quarter past eight we settle Coming straight at us." "Now you know why you must and the Liberty ship are in station. 1 hear Andy mutter. It sounds round my neck. in our new position, giving the One quick frightened look and always try to keep in station." The rest cf the convov a r - prob- like, "What has he got to sing "Where are we?" Greek more room to play about I'm yelling down the voice pipe. "Yes, Sir." ably where they should be. but about?" "Somewhere in the Western in. If anything, the night is "Full ahead together. Hard-a- That's all. wc can't see a sign of them. All's My cabin is warm and bright. Ocean." Bob is an R.N.R. type blacker than ever. My feet are starboard." "If you want to go below for well. I go to the chart table and McLeod has left a flask of coffee and the Atlantic is always the freezing and, as I never feel at Thank heavens the Chief him- ten minutes for a cigarette I'll take make a few notes for the log. , and some corned-beef sandwiches Western Ocean to him. home in gloves, two of mv fingers self is in the engine-room. She over," he says. Twenty minutes to midnight for me. My pyjamas arc warm- "What about the convoy?" I are numb. I massage them until answers almost at once and heels "Thank you, Sir. I'd rather and I hear Andy climbing the ing on a chair in front of the ask. the blood starts flowing again. over sharplv. Suddcnlv the Skip- wait here." ladder. Good old Andy. He radiator. The chair is secured to "Still with us," and after a At nine o'clock Bunts says per is on the bridge. He doesn't He waits for about five minutes comes on to the bridge cursing the bulkhead so that the pyjamas moment. "I think. Ask young "Will I boil the kettle. Sir?" ask any questions, bless him. He and then goes back to his sea the ship, the night, the weather won't catch fire. I pull off my Joe. he should know." We have an electric kettle on sizes un the situation and we cabin. and every other thing that he can seaboots and stockings and rub my "I can see two of them." Joe the bridge, a tin of milk and a watch the Greek go lurching past Guns, peering through h i s think of. feet with a warm towel and then says. 'The Greek and the big bottle of Bovril. When the with little enough sea to spare. binoculars, mutters, "That bloody "Hullo. Andy," I say. "lovely stretch them out to the radiator. Liberty ship." kettle boils we mix the Bovril, I turn a complete circle and take Greek." night. Glad to see you." Slowlv and with much pleasure I Bob begins to hand over to me. milk, salt and boiling water and up my proper station. I look at mv watch. Quarter "Lovely night, my eye." he undress. I don't care if the ship Course, speed, position of convoy nour some warmth into ourselves. "We're back in station now. past eleven. Fortv-five minutes to says. "Cold, wet, stormy, noisy blows un during the niirht. I am (hypothetical this), zig-zag, state Then I stick my head into the Sir." I say. go or with luck, forty. Andy is and miserable." goin-J. to sleen comfortably in of readiness and all the rest. "Got chart-table, pull the canvas covers "Thanks, Tiny. What hap« always on time. I am thinking Five to twelve, and I say. orthodox nightwear. the weight. Tiny?" he asks, and round my shoulders and light a pened?" that the weather is easing a bit, "O.K., Andy. Got the weight?" I pour the coffee and eat the

THE NAVY March, IHt. sandwiches. Life is good. I I sleep on my back, fully low. "It is all right, dear," she light a cigarette and climb into stretched out with my arms tight says. "You're at home in bed. my bunk. There is about half- against my sides acting as wedges The war finished ten years ago." an-inch of steel between me and rg.unst the rolling of the ship. 1 —From the London "Navy." the raging, freezing sea and the think of my bed at home with the THE UNITED SHIP SERVICES Greek, and the steering motor in Pie, Tree almost touching the win- BOOK REVIEWS the engine-room that keeps start- dt w I wonder vaguely why a Continued from page 27 PTY. LTD. ing and stopping all the time. But quiet, home-loving chap like me collection. Tales uf Shipwrecks I am not worried. The steering should be in the middle of the d*:d Adrentures dt Sea, from motor could be in my cabin and Atlantic, in the middle of winter, veh'ch the second story in the still not keep me awake. surrounded by all sorts of un- b::ok is taken, or will return to pleasant possibilities. I mentally Conrad, Tomlinson, Bullen or I push my feet to the bottom shrug my shoulders, yawn, and I Melville with renewed enthu- of the bunk, enjoying the warmth am just about to close my eyes siasm. Even those of use who are of the clean, white sheets. I lie when there is a shout, loud and left mourning the non-inclusion of back and smoke my cigarette ui piercing above the howl of the some favourite can at least have great luxury. My bunk is tight win.d. and 1 watch the side of my the satisfaction of turning it up against the ship's side and I can cabin cave in, and at once I know- and re-reading it and wondering hear the sea growling past. I that the Greek has got us at last. why. Certainly the whole collec- hope that An.ly has the idiosyn- I jump up in my bunk and to tion should fulfil Commander crasies of the Greek weighed up. my eternal shame I scream with Kemp's desire and whet the appe- 1 carefully stub out my cigarette, fright. tite of readers to explore on their ALL CLASSES OF SHIP REPAIRS AND FITTINGS switch off the reading lamp and My wife has her hands on ny own account the riches available. prepare for sleep. It is the hap- shoulders and she is gently push- A.E.G. UNDERTAKEN piest moment of the day. ing my head back on to the pil —In the London "Navy." 88 102 NORMANBY RD., STH. MELBOURNE. VIC. Telephones: MX 5231 (6 lines).

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Without this essential metal there would b«

The object of the Navy League in Australia, like its older counterpart, the Navy League in Britain, NO GALVANIZED PRODUCTS and is to insist by all means at its disposal upon the vital importance of Sea Power to the British Common- wealth of Nations. The League also sponsors the Australian Sea Cadet Corps to interest the right tvpe NO BRASS. of lads in the Roval Australian Navy — either to start them upon a career or to provide a healthy pleasurable means of qualifying them to be of service in the Senior Service in the event of emergency. ZINC is also used extensively in lead-free PAINTS And in DIE CASTING and is a basic require- The League consists of Fellows (Annual or Life) and Associates. ment for many industries.

All British subjects who signify approval to the objects of the League are eligible. High-grade ZINC is produced in Australia using zinc concentrate from Broken Hill. N.S.W., and MAY WE ASK YOU TO JOIN from Rosebery, Tasmania, and electric power generated by the Hydro-Electric Commit u'on of and swell our members so that the Navy League in Australia may be widely known and exercise an Tasmania. important influence in the life of the Australian Nation? For Particulars:— NAVY LEAGUE, Sole Australian producers Secretary: J12 Flinders Street, Melbourne, C.l., Victoria. Secretary: 83 Pitt Street, Sydney, N.S.W. ELECTROLYTIC ZINC COY. of AUSTRALASIA Ltd. Hon. Secretary: 12 Pirie Street. Adelaide, South Australia. Hon. Secretary: Box 1441T, G.P.O., Brisbane, Queensland. Head Office — 360 COLLINS STREET. MELBOURNE Hon. Secretary: 62 Blencowe Street, West Leederville, W.A. Hon. Secretary: 726 Sandy Bay Rd., Lower Sandy Bay, Hobart. Works — RISDON, TASMANIA Hon. Secretary: 49 Froggatt Street, Turner, Canberra, A.C.T.

14 THE NAVY MIE Bristol Aeroplane Company, with its two subsidiary Tcompanies Bristol Aircraft Ltd and Bristol Aero-Engines Ltd, forms one of the largest design, research and manufacturing organizations in the British Aircraft Industry. A major part of its resources is now devoted to production of the Britannia airliner and its Proteus turboprop engines: this aircraft is expected to command a substantial world sale for some years to come. Bristol has pioneered the development of British helicopters; the single-engined Sycamore is in service in many parts of the world and good progress is being made with the larger twin-engined machines. Among the wide range of aero- engines being built by the Company is the Olympus turbojet which made possible the present world's altitude record and now powers Vulcan bombers. A design licence for the engine has been sold to the United States. The Company is also engaged on the development of the BE25 supercharged turbo- prop and the lightweight Orpheus jet engine. There is an extensive programme of research and development in the field of guided weapons and their ramjet power units. Bristol two-litre cars and aircraft plastic drop tanks are other branches of successful enterprise, and to complement the parent organiza- tion arc the associated companies, Rotol, British Messier and Short Bros & Harland, and associated and subsidiary companies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand. France and Spain.

THE BRISTOL AEROPLANE COMPANY LIMITED • ENGLAND