Religious Tourism in Roman Greece

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Religious Tourism in Roman Greece Library and Archives Bibliotheque et 1*1 Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-54246-0 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-54246-0 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, prefer, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distribute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non­ support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformement a la loi canadienne sur la Privacy Act some supporting forms protection de la vie privee, quelques may have been removed from this formulaires secondaires ont ete enleves de thesis. cette these. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires aient inclus dans in the document page count, their la pagination, il n'y aura aucun contenu removal does not represent any loss manquant. of content from the thesis. 1*1 Canada RELIGIOUS TOURISM IN ROMAN GREECE by David James Stark Bachelor of Arts, Wilfrid Laurier University, 2006 THESIS Submitted to the Faculty of Arts, Department of Classical Studies and Archaeology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Master of Arts Wilfrid Laurier University © David James Stark 2009 i RELIGIOUS TOURISM IN ROMAN GREECE David J. Stark Dr. Judith Fletcher, Dissertation Supervisor ABSTRACT In recent years, Roman travel and tourism has become a focus of scholarship. Most of the scholarship however has focused either on religious travel through studies of pilgrimage or on secular travel through studies of tourism. Many tourism scholars however have begun to recognize that the differences between what is a tourist and what is a pilgrim is not as large as was once thought. These scholars have coined a new term, the religious tourist, to describe those travelers who seem to bridge the gap between the traditional definition of a pilgrim and the traditional definition of a tourist. Through examining the work of the travel writer Pausanias and the travels of famous Romans such as Aemilius Paullus, Cicero, Mucianus, Nero, and Hadrian, one begins to understand that the majority of tourists in the Roman world visited religious sites. Travelers were interested both in the religious nature of these sites as "houses of the gods" and in their secular nature as home to countless wonders of art, relics of history, and athletic and cultural festivals where the very best athletes and artists competed for prestige and prizes. Although many travelers made dedications or sacrificed victims, many of them also took time to marvel at the artwork and admire the museum-like nature of the Greek Sanctuary site. Although these travelers have previously been classed as either tourists or pilgrims, it is clear that they are best considered religious tourists as they participated in both religious and secular activities while at these sites. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS As might be accepted, any work of this size and magnitude could not have been completed without the advice and support of many people. Special thanks goes to my wife, Jenn, who not only gave me the idea for studying Roman tourism at sanctuary sites while we toured around Greece together but also encouraged me to go back to school when anyone else might have wanted their husband to get a job and support the family. She has also very kindly listened to my ideas as this project has taken shape, read many drafts, and, with keen insight, shown me new directions of study. This work is dedicated to her. I would also like to thank my parents, not only for making my trip to Greece possible but also for raising me to value learning above all and for teaching me to pursue those things in life that would make me truly happy. I would like to thank Dr. Judith Fletcher for advising throughout the year and for always encouraging me to continue my studies. I would also like to express gratitude to my other committee members, Dr. Andrew Faulkner and Dr. Joann Freed, who have also advised, supported, encouraged, and inspired me throughout this year. Others who deserve acknowledgement include Dr. Sheila Ager, Dr. David Porreca, and Dr. Craig Hardiman for their encouragement, insight, and enthusiasm for my research; Dr. Arden Williams and Dr. Alexis Young, for being helpful supervisors and not bogging me down with too much teaching work at inopportune times; and my fellow grad students, Evan Sharp, Jacqueline McDermid, Deen Merrick-Braund, Laura Rocone and Justin Strieker, for their support and friendship through the trying first year of this program. I would also like to thank the Kennedys for their support and friendship and for reminding me that being a full-time student and iii supporting a family is entirely possible. Lastly, special thanks to the Baans and the Uyars for their love and support as always. IV TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT 2 ACKNOLEDGEMENTS 3 INTRODUCTION 5 Aims and Parameters of this study CHAPTER ONE: DEFINING THE TERMS 9 What is a tourist? What is a pilgrim? What is a religious tourist? Pilgrimage in the Ancient World Tourism in the Ancient World CHAPTER TWO: PAUSANIAS THE TRAVEL WRITER. 19 Who was Pausanias? Who was his intended audience? Pausanias and his time period What does Pausanias tell us about ancient religious tourism? CHAPTER THREE: THE GREEK SANCTUARY SITE AS A MUSEUM 38 What is a Greek sanctuary site? Sanctuary sites: ancient museums? CHAPTER FOUR: FESTIVALS 54 The agonistic festivals Strange civic traditions The "Carnivale" Atmosphere of the Festival CHAPTER FIVE: THE TYPICAL TRAVELER IN THE ROMAN ERA 67 Where was the typical traveler from? The status of the typical traveler CHAPTER SIX: FIVE FAMOUS ROMAN TRAVEL ITINERARIES 77 L. Aemilius Paullus Marcus Tullius Cicero Mucianus Imperial Tours CONCLUSION 106 REFERENCES 109 1 INTRODUCTION Religious sites have always held an important place in society as destinations that people wished to visit. Many visitors over the centuries have traveled to these places for strictly religious reasons; to offer a sacrifice, or to pray to a god, or even to have a "spiritual awakening". In recent years, however, many of these religious sites have become popular destinations not only for the pilgrim but also for the average tourist. In fact when Forbes Traveler magazine released a list of "The Fifty Most Visited Tourist Attractions in the World", a religious site, namely the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris, appeared at number nine on the list with an estimated twelve million visitors per year.1 In recent years, scholars have noted that many travelers to religious sites, even those traveling on tradition pilgrimage routes such as the Camino to Santiago de Compostella in Spain, possess characteristics that have traditionally been associated with the tourist in addition to their inherent characteristics as pilgrims. These travelers carry cameras, sightsee at surrounding attractions, marvel at the physical features of the sites themselves, and even buy souvenirs. Many of these religious sites not only attract practicing followers of their specific religion, but also attract visitors from outside of their religion as well. It is for these reasons that many sites are now considered tourist destinations in addition to being religious sites. 1 Sandra Larriva and Gabe Weisert, http://www.forbestraveler.com/best-lists/most-visited-tourist-attractions- story.html. Created: April 25, 2007. Accessed: April 24, 2009. Many lists of this type exist and although none of them is completely accurate, as they use a variety of different and sometimes suspect sources to compile their data, the information is used here not to say which sites are the most attractive in the world nor to say exactly how many people visit each site, each year, but to argue that certain types of sites, namely religious ones, are popular. Forbes Traveler notes that the Notre Dame data was taken the Office du Tourisme et des Congres http://en.parisinfo.com/IMG/pdf/CPJrq_culturelle_2005.pdf. 2 Preston 1992: 43 notes that sightseeing and "tourist activities are common interludes on pilgrimage journeys". Djgance 2006: 40 also notes that even in medieval times, "souvenirs were sold at the major shrines" and that this tradition has continued today. 2 Not only have scholars noted that traditional pilgrims now exhibit more tourist­ like qualities, they have also noticed that many traditional tourists are exhibiting some of the qualities formerly reserved to describe the pilgrim. Many tourists going to a place of personal importance, such as an Elvis fan going to Graceland or a golfer going to the Old Course at St. Andrews, have a sort of spiritual awakening on their journey and can therefore be viewed as a kind of secular pilgrim.3 Due to the uncertainty surrounding the current understanding of these terms, scholars such as Vukonic have avoided labeling certain travelers as tourists and others as pilgrims and have instead used the term "religious tourist" to describe those travelers that seem to bridge the gap between the traditional understanding of what is a pilgrim and what is a tourist.4 Traveling to sites of religious importance is not a new phenomenon.
Recommended publications
  • Early Mycenaean Arkadia: Space and Place(S) of an Inland and Mountainous Region
    Early Mycenaean Arkadia: Space and Place(s) of an Inland and Mountainous Region Eleni Salavoura1 Abstract: The concept of space is an abstract and sometimes a conventional term, but places – where people dwell, (inter)act and gain experiences – contribute decisively to the formation of the main characteristics and the identity of its residents. Arkadia, in the heart of the Peloponnese, is a landlocked country with small valleys and basins surrounded by high mountains, which, according to the ancient literature, offered to its inhabitants a hard and laborious life. Its rough terrain made Arkadia always a less attractive area for archaeological investigation. However, due to its position in the centre of the Peloponnese, Arkadia is an inevitable passage for anyone moving along or across the peninsula. The long life of small and medium-sized agrarian communities undoubtedly owes more to their foundation at crossroads connecting the inland with the Peloponnesian coast, than to their potential for economic growth based on the resources of the land. However, sites such as Analipsis, on its east-southeastern borders, the cemetery at Palaiokastro and the ash altar on Mount Lykaion, both in the southwest part of Arkadia, indicate that the area had a Bronze Age past, and raise many new questions. In this paper, I discuss the role of Arkadia in early Mycenaean times based on settlement patterns and excavation data, and I investigate the relation of these inland communities with high-ranking central places. In other words, this is an attempt to set place(s) into space, supporting the idea that the central region of the Peloponnese was a separated, but not isolated part of it, comprising regions that are also diversified among themselves.
    [Show full text]
  • Wonder, Space, and Place in Pausanias' Periegesis
    Axion Theas: Wonder, Space, and Place in Pausanias’ Periegesis Hellados by Jody Ellyn Cundy A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Classics University of Toronto © Copyright by Jody Ellyn Cundy 2016 Axion Theas: Wonder, Space, and Place in Pausanias’ Periegesis Hellados Jody Ellyn Cundy Doctor of Philosophy Department of Classics University of Toronto 2016 Abstract The Periegesis Hellados presents a description of the sites and sights of Roman Greece in ten carefully constructed books. These books present the fruits of author’s extensive travels and careful textual research over the course of several decades (between the 130’s and ca. AD 175-80) and compiled into a unified composite itinerary. There is no doubt that Pausanias travels through an “already written landscape,” and his travel experience is necessarily informed by and sometimes clearly motivated by his literary encounters. This project investigates Pausanias’ engagement with literary antecedents, with a particular focus on the antiquarian impulse to excerpt and compile anecdotes in thematic catalogues, which broadly resemble wonder-texts (paradoxographies). The organizing principle of these thematic catalogues contrasts with the topographical (spatial) structure of the frame narrative of the Periegesis. In part, this study aims to resolve the perceived tension between the travel account and the antiquarian mode in Pausanias’ project in order to show that they serve complementary rather than competing ends. Resolution of these competing paradigms allows in turn for a more coherent understanding of the Periegesis as unified subject. This study argues that wonder (thauma) is a unifying theme ii of Periegesis Hellados.
    [Show full text]
  • Pausanias' Description of Greece
    BONN'S CLASSICAL LIBRARY. PAUSANIAS' DESCRIPTION OF GREECE. PAUSANIAS' TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH \VITTI NOTES AXD IXDEX BY ARTHUR RICHARD SHILLETO, M.A., Soiiii'tinie Scholar of Trinity L'olltge, Cambridge. VOLUME IT. " ni <le Fnusnnias cst un homme (jui ne mnnquo ni de bon sens inoins a st-s tlioux." hnniie t'oi. inais i}iii rn>it ou au voudrait croire ( 'HAMTAiiNT. : ftEOROE BELL AND SONS. YOUK STIIKKT. COVKNT (iAKDKX. 188t). CHISWICK PRESS \ C. WHITTINGHAM AND CO., TOOKS COURT, CHANCEKV LANE. fA LC >. iV \Q V.2- CONTEXTS. PAGE Book VII. ACHAIA 1 VIII. ARCADIA .61 IX. BtEOTIA 151 -'19 X. PHOCIS . ERRATA. " " " Volume I. Page 8, line 37, for Atte read Attes." As vii. 17. 2<i. (Catullus' Aft is.) ' " Page 150, line '22, for Auxesias" read Anxesia." A.-> ii. 32. " " Page 165, lines 12, 17, 24, for Philhammon read " Philanimon.'' " " '' Page 191, line 4, for Tamagra read Tanagra." " " Pa ire 215, linu 35, for Ye now enter" read Enter ye now." ' " li I'aijf -J27, line 5, for the Little Iliad read The Little Iliad.'- " " " Page ^S9, line 18, for the Babylonians read Babylon.'' " 7 ' Volume II. Page 61, last line, for earth' read Earth." " Page 1)5, line 9, tor "Can-lira'" read Camirus." ' ; " " v 1'age 1 69, line 1 , for and read for. line 2, for "other kinds of flutes "read "other thites.'' ;< " " Page 201, line 9. for Lacenian read Laeonian." " " " line 10, for Chilon read Cliilo." As iii. 1H. Pago 264, " " ' Page 2G8, Note, for I iad read Iliad." PAUSANIAS. BOOK VII. ACIIAIA.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies in Pausanias' Periegesis Akujärvi, Johanna
    Researcher, Traveller, Narrator : Studies in Pausanias' Periegesis Akujärvi, Johanna 2005 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Akujärvi, J. (2005). Researcher, Traveller, Narrator : Studies in Pausanias' Periegesis. Almqvist & Wiksell International. Total number of authors: 1 General rights Unless other specific re-use rights are stated the following general rights apply: Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Read more about Creative commons licenses: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 Studia Graeca et Latina Lundensia 12 Researcher, Traveller, Narrator Studies in Pausanias’ Periegesis Johanna Akujärvi Lund 2005 Almqvist & Wiksell International Stockholm/Sweden © 2005 Johanna Akujärvi Distributed by Almqvist & Wiksell International P.O. Box 7634 S-103 94 Stockholm Sweden Phone: + 46 8 790 38 00 Fax: + 46 8 790 38 05 E-mail: order@akademibokhandeln.se ISSN 1100-7931 ISBN 91-22-02134-5 Printed in Sweden Media-Tryck, Lund University Lund 2005 To Daniel Acknowledgements There are a number of people to whom I wish to express my gratitude.
    [Show full text]
  • Pausanias: Travel and Memory in Roman Greece
    Pausanias: Travel and Memory in Roman Greece SUSAN E. ALOCOCK JOHN F. CHERRY JAS ELSNER, Editors OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Pausanias pausanias Travel and Memory in Roman Greece Edited by Susan E. Alcock, John F. Cherry, & Jas´Elsner 3 2001 1 Oxford New York Athens Auckland Bangkok Bogota´ Buenos Aires Calcutta Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Paris Saˆo Paulo Shanghai Singapore Taipei Tokyo Warsaw and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Copyright ᭧ 2001 by Oxford University Press Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Pausanias : travel and memory in Roman Greece / edited by S.E. Alcock, J.F. Cherry & J. Elsner. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-19-512816-8 (cloth) 1. Pausanias. Description of Greece. 2. Greece—Description and travel—Early works to 1800. 3. Greece—Antiquities. 4. Greece—Historiography. I. Alcock, Susan E. II. Cherry, John F. III. Elsner, Jas´. DF27.P383 P38 2000 938'.09—dc21 00-022461 Frontispiece: Location of principal places mentioned in the book. 987654321 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper For Silvia, Britten, and Bax This page intentionally left blank Preface This volume is dedicated to the principle that Pausanias deserves more—and more ambitious—treatment than he tends to receive.
    [Show full text]
  • Erik Østby: the SANCTUARY of ALEA at TEGEA in the PRE-CLASSICAL PERIOD
    T I.i Erik Østby: THE SANCTUARY OF ALEA AT TEGEA IN THE PRE-CLASSICAL PERIOD Origin and early development of the sanctuary first priestess of the goddess, was seduced or raped by Heracles at the fountain in the sanctuary, and gave birth According to the review of Arcadian origins provided to their son Telephos; he was then miraculously saved by Pausanias, Tegea was founded as a community and from the king’s attempts to eliminate him, and in some owed its name to Tegeates, one of the many grandsons way or other emigrated to Asia Minor, where he was later of Pelasgos who created such communities in Arcadia claimed by the Pergamene kings as the mythical ancestor in the third generation after the mythical ancestor of the of their community. For this reason his story became a Arcadian people. This Tegeates, probably an eponymous favourite subject in Pergamene official art.4 (Fig. 2) The figure created from the toponym and not based on story as such is best known from late sources, when it genuine, old traditions, was said to have created eight had gained notoriety because of the Pergamene interest out of the traditional nine districts or δήμοι where the in it; but Auge’s fate was exploited in lost tragedies by inhabitants of Tegea were settled.1 (Fig. 1) Three more Sophocles and Euripides, Pausanias twice cites Hekataios generations were to pass, however, before Aleos, son as a source for her affair with Heracles, and there is even of Apheidas who had created the ninth deme,2 chose earlier evidence for the story in a fragment of Hesiod.5 Tegea
    [Show full text]
  • The Iliad of Homer by Homer
    The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Iliad of Homer by Homer This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license Title: The Iliad of Homer Author: Homer Release Date: September 2006 [Ebook 6130] Language: English ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ILIAD OF HOMER*** The Iliad of Homer Translated by Alexander Pope, with notes by the Rev. Theodore Alois Buckley, M.A., F.S.A. and Flaxman's Designs. 1899 Contents INTRODUCTION. ix POPE'S PREFACE TO THE ILIAD OF HOMER . xlv BOOK I. .3 BOOK II. 41 BOOK III. 85 BOOK IV. 111 BOOK V. 137 BOOK VI. 181 BOOK VII. 209 BOOK VIII. 233 BOOK IX. 261 BOOK X. 295 BOOK XI. 319 BOOK XII. 355 BOOK XIII. 377 BOOK XIV. 415 BOOK XV. 441 BOOK XVI. 473 BOOK XVII. 513 BOOK XVIII. 545 BOOK XIX. 575 BOOK XX. 593 BOOK XXI. 615 BOOK XXII. 641 BOOK XXIII. 667 BOOK XXIV. 707 CONCLUDING NOTE. 747 Illustrations HOMER INVOKING THE MUSE. .6 MARS. 13 MINERVA REPRESSING THE FURY OF ACHILLES. 16 THE DEPARTURE OF BRISEIS FROM THE TENT OF ACHILLES. 23 THETIS CALLING BRIAREUS TO THE ASSISTANCE OF JUPITER. 27 THETIS ENTREATING JUPITER TO HONOUR ACHILLES. 32 VULCAN. 35 JUPITER. 38 THE APOTHEOSIS OF HOMER. 39 JUPITER SENDING THE EVIL DREAM TO AGAMEMNON. 43 NEPTUNE. 66 VENUS, DISGUISED, INVITING HELEN TO THE CHAMBER OF PARIS.
    [Show full text]
  • JOURNAL of GREEK ARCHAEOLOGY Volume 4 2019
    ISSN: 2059-4674 Journal of Greek Archaeology Volume 4 • 2019 Journal of Greek Archaeology Journal of Greek Archaeology Volume 4: Editorial������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� v John Bintliff Prehistory and Protohistory The context and nature of the evidence for metalworking from mid 4th millennium Yali (Nissyros) ������������������������������������������������������������������ 1 V. Maxwell, R. M. Ellam, N. Skarpelis and A. Sampson Living apart together. A ceramic analysis of Eastern Crete during the advanced Late Bronze Age ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 31 Charlotte Langohr The Ayios Vasileios Survey Project (Laconia, Greece): questions, aims and methods����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 67 Sofia Voutsaki, Corien Wiersma, Wieke de Neef and Adamantia Vasilogamvrou Archaic to Hellenistic Journal of The formation and development of political territory and borders in Ionia from the Archaic to the Hellenistic periods: A GIS analysis of regional space ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 96 David Hill Greek Archaeology Multi-faceted approaches
    [Show full text]
  • © 2017 Lyndy Danvers ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
    © 2017 Lyndy Danvers ALL RIGHTS RESERVED THE TIES THAT BIND: PSEUDO-VERGILIAN POEMS IN ANTIQUITY By LYNDY DANVERS A dissertation suBmitted to the Graduate School-New Brunswick Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in Classics Written under the direction of Serena Connolly And approved By _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ New Brunswick, New Jersey October 2017 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION The Ties that Bind: Pseudo-Vergilian Poems in Antiquity by LYNDY DANVERS Dissertation Director: Dr. Serena Connolly My study investigates the connections between the poems that are attributed to Vergil but were most likely not written by him. I systematically traverse these poems, beginning with the writings ascribed to Vergil in the biography of Donatus (i.e. the Culex, the Ciris, the Lydia, the Dirae, the Catalepton poems, and the Priapeia poems); followed by those added in the biography of Servius (i.e. the Aetna, and the Copa); and finally the remaining works transmitted in the biographical tradition and also those remaining in the so-called “Appendix Vergiliana” (i.e. the “Ballista” epigram, Vergil’s epitaph, the pre-proem to the Aeneid, Elegiae in Maecenatem, and the “Helen Episode” from the Aeneid). These poems were probably written by different authors, in different time periods, and across different genres. They nevertheless display a concatenation of similar topoi. Most previous scholarship in this area has focused on issues of authorship, and when scholars have addressed the purely poetic aspects of these works, they have done so by focusing on individual poems.
    [Show full text]
  • Pseudo-Apollodoros' Bibliotheke and the Greek Mythological Tradition
    Pseudo-Apollodoros’Bibliotheke and the Greek Mythological Tradition by Evangelia Kylintirea A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of PhD in Classics University College London May 2002 ProQuest Number: 10014985 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest 10014985 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Abstract Pseudo-Apollodoros’ Bibliotheke is undeniably the most useful single source for the mythical tradition of Greece. Enclosing in a short space a remarkable quantity of information, it offers concise and comprehensive accounts of most of the myths that had come to matter beyond local boundaries, providing its readers with their most popular variants. This study concentrates on the most familiar stories contained in the first book of the Bibliotheke and their proper place in the overall structure of Greek mythology. Chapter One is dedicated to the backbone of Apollodoros’ work: the chronological organisation of Greek mythical history in genealogies. It discusses the author’s individual plan in the arrangement and presentation of his material and his conscious striving for cohesion.
    [Show full text]
  • The Geography of the Iliad in Ancient Scholarship by Cassandra J. Borges
    The Geography of the Iliad in Ancient Scholarship by Cassandra J. Borges A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Classical Studies) in The University of Michigan 2011 Doctoral Committee: Professor Richard Janko, Chair Professor Ruth S. Scodel Associate Professor Francesca Schironi Assistant Professor Ian S. Moyer Acknowledgements This dissertation is fundamentally about how nothing scholarly happens in a vacuum. There is nothing like the process of writing a dissertation to bring this truth home. I could not have sustained this project without the help and encouragement of an assortment of people, both within and without the academy. Thanks go first to my committee, who collectively taught me a lot about working within a scholarly tradition. My advisor, Richard Janko, brought an incredible breadth and depth of learning and a rigorous eye for detail to the project; without his initial shrewd guess that what this particular budding Homerist needed was scholia, it never would have happened. It has been a privilege to work with him. Ruth Scodel has provided a number of astute and perceptive comments on the Iliad, and her propensity to get inside the psychology of everyone from Antenor to Zenodotus was tremendously bracing; she has helped to sharpen and focus my thought. Francesca Schironi, a late (and lucky, from my perspective!) addition to the project, was a superb and enthusiastic resource for how to deal with Homeric scholarship. Finally, Ian Moyer has bravely dealt with an unfamiliar mass of material, and I appreciate his enthusiasm for the idea of doing cultural history through the scholia.
    [Show full text]
  • The Lindos Anagraphe: “Forging” a Heroic Past In
    THE LINDOS ANAGRAPHE: “FORGING” A HEROIC PAST IN HELLENISTIC RHODES? By JULIA CLAIRE HERNÁNDEZ (Under the direction of Charles Platter) ABSTRACT Modern scholarly approaches to Lindos anagraphe, a 1st century BC inscription recording votive offerings at the Rhodian temple of Athena Lindia, have used the anachronistic term “forgery” to refer to its chronologically impossible Heroic Era dedications. Using Paul Veyne’s theory of “sincere forgery” as an interpretive framework, this thesis evaluates the “epigraphic invention” of these votives according to Hellenistic rather than modern definitions of forgery. Chapter One reviews previous approaches to the text and problematizes the use of the term “forgery” to describe it. Chapter Two contextualizes the anagraphe within the ancient practice of displaying Heroic Era votives in temple settings and evaluates this practice vis-à-vis ancient definitions of forgery. Chapter Three uses Hans Joachim Gehrke’s theory of intentional history to explore how the anagraphe’s Heroic Era votives, when considerd as products of “sincere forgery,” grant new insight into the socio-political, intellectual, and religious contexts of the Hellenistic Rhodian milieu in which the text was created. An epilogue compares the anagraphe to the recent case of the Iruña-Valeia forgeries in Spain’s Basque Country, highlighting the contrast between ancient and modern perceptions of the technique of “epigraphic invention.” INDEX WORDS: Lindos anagraphe, ancient forgery, sincere forgery, Hellenistic Rhodes, epigraphic invention,
    [Show full text]