Plenary Session
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10AFAF / CAA4 PLENARY SESSION 10AFAF Keynote -1 ASIAN FISHERIES SOCIETY The Way Forward Chan Lui Lee1 and Matthias Halwart2 1 Honorary Life Member/Past President, AFS 2 Senior Officer of FAO, FAO, UN As part of the 10th Asian Fisheries and Aquaculture Forum (10AFAF) and in celebration of the coming 30th anniversary of the Asian Fisheries Society (AFS), it is our pleasure to present this review on the AFS - its past achievements, the present and its future as we move forward in the 21st century, the century of the Asia-Pacific (AP) region. This is the first formal presentation on the activities of the Society and it is appropriate that it is presented during the plenary session of the 10th forum where many of the society members have gathered to attend the triennial meeting and later, on the 2nd May 2013, the General Assembly of the AFS. The presentation describes the formation of the Society by a small and dedicated group of fisheries and aquaculture scientists in Asia in 1984. Using the International Centre for Living Aquatic Resource Management (ICLARM – later changed to the WorldFish Centre) office as the incubator, it traces the rise of AFS in its early years, its achievements and its powerful net-working capacity that had allowed the Society to rapidly spread its influence over the entire AP region. AFS partners include IDRC, FAO, IFS and many regional bodies like NACA, SEAFDEC etc. Within 10 years of its formation, the Society grew from a few individuals into an organization with >3,000 members covering all parts of AP region, the EU and the Americas, and with branches in various AP countries and sections such as the highly successful Fish Health Section. Following its rapid rise, the later part of the 1990’s saw the Society meeting some serious head winds and impediments. The presentation describes these issues and how they were overcome as we moved towards the 21st century. The final part of the presentation highlights the way forward and issues that the Society needs to manage as it moves forward as the premier fisheries and aquaculture society in the AP region in the 21st century. 10AFAF Keynote-2 CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS OF FISHERIES IN KOREA Sohn Sang-Gyu Vice President , National Fisheries Research and Development Institute Korea experienced strong and steady growth in fisheries from the 1960s to 70s with technical development in fishing helped by industrialization in the 1960s and the launch of ocean fishing in the 1970s. However, since the 1990s, the capture fishery have overexploited fisheries resources so it could not produce enough fisheries to meet the demands. Thus the government redirected its fisheries policy from capture to culture fishery, triggering a rapid growth in aquaculture industry. The aquaculture industry was centered on culture of laver and oyster in the 1970s when the success in seed production technique helped to boost and stabilize productivity of the cultivation of laver and oyster. In the 1980s, newly developed culture methods of seawater floating cage and land-based tank led a dramatic expansion in the fish farming industry, particularly, olive flounder. Diversification in farming species also created a new momentum during that period. In the 1990s, farmed products mainly consisting of sea bass, sea bream and rockfish became more common and in July 1997, the fisheries market got completely open, being flooded with imports, particularly live sea bass and sea bream from China and Japan. This brought domestic fisheries products to a shaper international competition. This situation worsened in the 2000s with increased production of several items like rockfish and dramatic rise in imports. As a result, the balance of supply and demand broke and the price plummeted, falling some of fish farmers into bankruptcy. Moreover, global competition under WTO regime is getting even sharper with cheap live fish from foreign countries. Besides, various challenges are ahead of the aquaculture industry, which include natural disasters like typhoons and HABs and lower productivity caused by genetic inferiority of broodstock exposed to repeated artificial reproduction. To overcome the challenges explained above, various measures should be taken. First, it is necessary to improve genetic profile of farmed species through selective breeding. The technical achievement from the last 10 year’s research on selective breeding of flounder should be extended to other farmed species to produce fisheries with good quality at a lower price. This will help to sharpen competitiveness of farmed products in the global market. Second, green growth techniques should be explored in fisheries. For example, techniques for mass production of seaweed biomass would lead us to find a new source of energy. Techniques to explore various useful materials from fisheries should also be developed. Third, measures to respond to climate change impacts on fisheries need to be adopted. Climate change caused changes in varieties of fish inhabiting the coastal and offshore water. A properly designed fishing gear and method will help to turn the situation into a new opportunity. Regarding this, we have to thoroughly study on the ecosystem disturbances induced by climate change to put together proper responses. The Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MIFAFF) of South Korea has set up in 2012 ‘the plan to nurture 10 major strategic aquaculture items in response to changes in the global fisheries market’, with a goal to achieve USD 10 billion of exports by 2020 by booting 10 major aquaculture items of great growth potential. The selected 10 species include 4 items, flounder, abalone, seaweed (Undaria and Laminaria), Japanese eel, which have already commercialized but need to get higher competitiveness through technical development and the other 6 items, blue fin tuna, single shell oyster in the mudflat, sea cucumber, convict grouper, shrimp and ornamental fish which have great potential for export but still need more technical advancement. In future, the fisheries should be developed in a renovative and strategic view. It is essential to combine the primary sector of fisheries production, the secondary of fisheries processing and the tertiary of fisheries marketing and tourism into the so-called senary sector to create maximized value from the fisheries. This could be achieved by various ways including developing well-being items like functional materials and low fat food, stabilizing fisheries supply and demand, exporting fishery techniques, etc. 10AFAF Keynote-3 SUSTAINABLE FISHEREIS & THE WESTERN AND CENTRAL PACIFIC FISHERIES COMMISSION Hurry Glen Western & Central Pacific Fisheries Commission With the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC) now accounting for some 55% of global tuna catches, with the revenue from these fish increasingly becoming a major contributor to the economies and food security in 15 small island countries in the Pacific, sustainability of the fisheries are paramount. The fish stocks of the Western and Central Pacific Ocean (WCPO) are often regarded as the last great fish stock on earth and in part that is true as they are the last stock to be subject to heavy commercial exploitation. Limited commercial activity occurred in the 1960’s that saw harvests of around 300,000 tonnes of purse-seine and longline caught fish taken each year. However, efforts rapidly increased from the 1980’s onwards and 2009 is so far the highest recorded catch in the fishery of some 2.56 million tonnes of fish. In 1994 the Pacific Island Forum Leaders concerned about the management of the tuna stocks on the high seas area of the WCPO lobbied for the international community to come together under the provision of the UNLOS and the UNFSA to develop a Convention to support anorganization to manage these important highly migratory fish stocks. The process from this point onwards took almost 10 years before the WCPFC came into being. Today the WCPFC is established and well regarded internationally for the drive and innovation it has shown in developing one of the most complete sets of science and management arrangements in any of the international tuna management organizations. This then is the story of the development of the WCPFC and the future challenges it will face in sustainably managing these key tuna stocks in the WCPO. CAA4 Keynote-1 SUSTAINABLE CAGE CULTURE DEVELOPMENT -TECHNICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND POLICY CONSIDERATIONS- Matthias Halwart, Alessandro Lovatelli, Xiaowei Zhou, Weimin Miao and Jiansan Jia FAO, Rome The production of farmed aquatic organisms in cages is a relatively recent aquaculture innovation. This presentation examines various parameters for sustainable cage aquaculture development based on the understanding that there will be an increased global demand for fish supplies and that there are significant opportunities to increase the aquatic world food production in coastal and marine environments. The main challenges of cage aquaculture focusing on water issues, efficiencies of production, advanced technologies and required skills and knowledge, resource use for feeds and seeds including feed quality and good feeding practices as well as the choice of farmed species, ecosystem impacts, biosecurity and health considerations, financing and investment are explored. Concerted efforts in line with the ecosystem approach to aquaculture and conducive policy frameworks will be increasingly needed for achieving more enhanced and sustainable development of the cage culture sector. CAA4 Keynote-2 NORTH-ATLANTIC CAGE AQUACULTURE MARINE AQUACULTURE OF SALMONIDS – AN EFFICIENT AND SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION OF HEALTHY FOOD Dr. Jon Arne Grøttum Norwegian Seafood Federation, Norway At present about 50 % of the global aquaculture production is fish, of which only 10 % is produced in the marine environment. The main marine species is Atlantic salmon, which has increased its volume from zero to 2 000 million tons during the past 40 years out of which 1 500 million tons is produces in the North-Atlantic. The paper explores some of the knowledge and technology that has been developed to raise salmonids which is also a potential resource to boost the production of other marine fish species.