Cultural Resource Survey Plan: a Framework for Historic Resource Survey in Kirksville
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CULTURAL RESOURCE SURVEY PLAN: A FRAMEWORK FOR HISTORIC RESOURCE SURVEY IN KIRKSVILLE Prepared for THE CITY OF KIRKSVILLE By PRESERVATION SOLUTIONS LLC 09 February 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... 2 Preface : Benefits of Preservation ................................................................................................................. 3 Introduction.................................................................................................................................................... 6 Survey Plan Objectives ................................................................................................................................ 7 Survey Plan Project Area ............................................................................................................................. 8 Project History and Methodology ................................................................................................................ 10 Survey Considerations What is a Cultural Resource Survey? ............................................................................................ 14 Where to Begin .............................................................................................................................. 16 Standards and Guidelines .............................................................................................................. 22 Criteria and Evaluation Methods .................................................................................................... 24 Historic Contexts ............................................................................................................................ 26 Functional Property Types in Kirksville .......................................................................................... 27 Building Forms in Kirksville ............................................................................................................ 31 Architectural Styles in Kirksville ..................................................................................................... 44 Threats and Opportunities ............................................................................................................. 60 Managing Survey Data................................................................................................................... 63 Survey Priorities Overview ........................................................................................................................................ 64 Level 1 – Survey Within Five Years ............................................................................................... 65 Level 2 – Survey in Five to Ten Years ........................................................................................... 73 Level 3 – Survey in Ten to Fifteen Years ....................................................................................... 77 No Need for Survey in the Near Future ......................................................................................... 78 Additional Recommendations National Register Designation ....................................................................................................... 79 Local Designation ........................................................................................................................... 82 Engagement and Alliance Building ................................................................................................ 85 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................... 86 Appendices A: Project Methodology .................................................................................................................. 89 B: Previous Documentation ........................................................................................................... 94 C: Properties Surveyed in 1987 ..................................................................................................... 95 D: Historic Contexts The Development of Kirksville: An Historical Overview .................................................... 98 Architecture and Community Development in Kirksville ................................................. 127 Architects and Builders in Kirksville ................................................................................ 136 E: Known African American Cultural Resources ......................................................................... 139 F: Potential Individually Eligible Resources ................................................................................. 141 G: Potential Locally Designated Landmarks ................................................................................ 143 H: Federal, State, and Local Preservation Network ..................................................................... 144 I: Recommended Resources ....................................................................................................... 149 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS CITY OF KIRKSVILLE Todd Kuhns, Mayor Richard Detweiler, Mayor Pro Tem CITY COUNCIL MEMBERS Carolyn Chrisman Tony Fajkus Martha Rowe CITY OF KIRKSVILLE HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION Ken Shook, Chair Cole Woodcox, Vice Chair Phillip Biston Tony Fajkus, City Council Representative Carol Kellum Derek Miller Sandy Slocum, Planning & Zoning Representative RESEARCH CONTRIBUTORS Sara Clark Cole Woodcox CITY OF KIRKSVILLE, MISSOURI Cherie Bryant, Assistant to City Manager Brad Selby, Codes & Planning Director Emilie T Gerdes, Codes & Planning Intern Pam Kelrick, GIS Coordinator/Planner MISSOURI STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE (SHPO) Michelle Diedriech, Survey Coordinator Tiffany Patterson, National Register Coordinator Roger Maserang, National Register Historian This cultural resource study was financed in part with federal funds from the National Park Service, a division of the United States Department of the Interior, and administered by the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Historic Preservation Division. The contents and opinions, however, do not necessarily reflect the view or policies of the United States Department of the Interior or the Missouri State Historic Preservation Office. This program receives federal funds from the National Park Service. Regulations of the U.S. Department of the Interior strictly prohibit unlawful discrimination in departmental federally assisted programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, or handicap. Any person who believes he or she has been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility operated by a recipient of federal assistance should write to: Office of Equal Opportunity, National Park Service, 1849 C. Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20240 2 PREFACE BENEFITS OF PRESERVATION Preservation has intrinsic value in celebrating a community‘s history and enabling citizens ―to understand the present as a product of the past and a modifier of the future.‖1 It provides a greater awareness of the relationships between the past, present, and future. Historic settings are increasingly sought after by the public because they offer quality craftsmanship and materials, provide authenticity and variety, and encourage human interaction in a familiar context. Moreover, preservation has demonstrated practical value as a tool for economic development and environmental stewardship. Studies conducted by the National Trust for Historic Preservation and Missouri Preservation have shown preservation provides the following benefits. The physical appearance of buildings and streetscapes reflects a community‘s overall vitality and economic health. Maintaining the strength of a city‘s older commercial and residential areas, including both rehabilitated historic buildings and well-designed new buildings, can attract larger commercial ventures to the community, even if they do not locate in the historic core of the city. Rehabilitation of individual buildings can be more attainable and stabilizing to a local economy than a single large economic development project. Historic preservation consistently outperforms other industries in job creation, creation of household income, and impact on other industries. Comparatively, historic preservation activity creates more jobs than comparable new construction activity, and often produces more jobs per dollar spent than leading industries. Cultural resources reflect a community and region‘s evolution and differentiate it from other areas. The value of a property is determined by the buildings and public improvements around it. Rehabilitation of a historic property directly benefits adjacent property owners and nearby businesses. The value of rehabilitated properties in a city‘s historic core increases more rapidly than the real estate market in the larger community. 1 John W. Lawrence from Preservation Plan Work Team, City Planning and Development Department, and Mackey Mitchell Zahner Associates, "A Plan for Meaningful Communities: the FOCUS Preservation Plan" Preliminary Report (Kansas City: City of Kansas City, Missouri, Planning and Development Department, 1996), p. 1. 3 Economic Benefits Nationally known real estate professional Donovan D. Rypkema, author of The Economics of Historic Preservation,2 emphasizes that commitment to preservation may be one of the most