Ukr Rez #38.Qxd

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Ukr Rez #38.Qxd Çá³ðíèê ïðàöü Çîîëîã³÷íîãî ìóçåþ, ¹ 38: 5–22, 2006 © Ë. Ã. Ìàíèëî, 2006 ÓÄÊ 597(292.3) ÈÕÒÈÎÔÀÓÍÀ È ÌÎÐÔÎÁÈÎËÎÃÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÕÀÐÀÊÒÅÐÈÑÒÈÊÀ ÌÀÑÑÎÂÛÕ ÂÈÄΠÐÛÁ ÏÐÈÁÐÅÆÍÛÕ ÂÎÄ ÀÐÃÅÍÒÈÍÑÊÈÕ ÎÑÒÐÎÂΠ(ÀÍÒÀÐÊÒÈÊÀ) (ïî ìàòåðèàëàì çèìîâêè 9-é Óêðàèíñêîé àíòàðêòè÷åñêîé ýêñïåäèöèè 2004–2005 ãã.) Ë. Ã. Ìàíèëî Íàöèîíàëüíûé íàó÷íî-ïðèðîäîâåä÷åñêèé ìóçåé ÍÀÍ Óêðàèíû, óë. Á. Õìåëüíèöêîãî, 15, Êèåâ, 01030 Óêðàèíà E-mail: manilo@museumkiev. org Èõòèîôàóíà è ìîðôîáèîëîãè÷åñêàÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ìàññîâûõ âèäîâ ðûá ïðèáðåæíûõ âîä Àðãåí- òèíñêèõ îñòðîâîâ (Àíòàðêòèêà). Ìàíèëî Ë. Ã. — Íà îñíîâå ìàòåðèàëîâ, ñîáðàííûõ íà çèìîâêå â 9-é Óêðàèíñêîé àíòàðêòè÷åñêîé ýêñïåäèöèè 2004–2005 ãã. â ïðèáðåæíûõ âîäàõ Àðãåíòèíñêèõ îñòðîâîâ, ðàññìîòðåí âèäîâîé ñîñòàâ óëîâîâ, èõ äèíàìèêà è ðàñïðåäåëåíèå â èññëåäîâàííîì ðàéîíå. Äëÿ øèðîêîëîáîé íîòîòåíèè, Notothenia coriiceps Richardson, 1844, òðåìàòîìà-ïåñòðÿêà, Trematomus bernacchii Boulenger, 1902, äàíà ìîðôîáèîëîãè÷åñêàÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêà: êðàòêèé äèàã- íîç, îêðàñêà, ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå, ðàçìåðíî-ìàññîâûé ñîñòàâ, ñîçðåâàíèå ãîíàä, îñíîâíûå êîìïî- íåíòû ïèòàíèÿ. Òàêæå ïðèâîäèòñÿ êðàòêàÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêà âèäîâ, âñòðå÷àâøèõñÿ â ïðèëîâå. Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: Àíòàðêòèêà, Àðãåíòèíñêèå îñòðîâà, èõòèîôàóíà, âèäû, íîòîòåíèÿ øèðî- êîëîáàÿ, òðåìàòîì-ïåñòðÿê, ãîíàäû, ïèòàíèå, ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå. Ichthyofauna and Morphobiological Characteristics of Mass Fish Species of Coastal Waters of Argentine Islands (Antarctica). Manilo L. G. — On the basis of data collected during the wintering of 9-th Ukrainian Antarctic expedition in 2004–2005 years in coastal waters of Argentine Islands fish species composition of catches, their dynamics and distribution in the region are considered. For broad-headed notothenia Notothenia coriiceps Richardson, 1844, emerald rock cod Trematomus bernacchii Boulenger, 1902, morphobiological characteristics, such as short description, coloration, spreading, size composi- tion, maturing, main feeding components, are given. Short characteristics of other species found in catches are considered as well. Key words: Antarctic, Argentine Islands, ichthyofauna, species, broad-headed notothenia, emerald rock cod, gonads, feeding, spreading. Ââåäåíèå Àðãåíòèíñêèå îñòðîâà âõîäÿò â ñîñòàâ àðõèïåëàãà Âèëüãåëüìà è ðàñïîëîæåíû â íåïîñðåäñòâåí- íîé áëèçîñòè ó çàïàäíîãî ïîáåðåæüÿ Àíòàðêòè÷åñêîãî ï-îâà (Çåìëÿ Ãðåéàìà). Áðèòàíñêàÿ àíòàðêòè÷åñêàÿ ñòàíöèÿ «Ôàðàäåé» äî ïåðåäà÷è åå Óêðàèíå â ôåâðàëå 1996 ã. èìåëà ñòàòóñ ãåîôèçè÷åñêîé îáñåðâàòîðèè, ïî ýòîé ïðè÷èíå áèîëîãè÷åñêèå èññëåäîâàíèÿ â ðàéîíå ñòàíöèè ïðîâîäèëèñü ýïèçîäè÷åñêè, à èõòèîôàóíà âîîáùå íå èçó÷àëàñü. Áèîëîãè÷åñêèå èññëåäîâàíèÿ, íà÷àòûå Óêðàèíîé â ïðåäûäóùèå ãîäû íà àíòàðêòè÷åñêîé ñòàíöèè «Àêàäåìèê Âåðíàäñêèé» è ïðîäîëæàþùèåñÿ ïî íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ, ÿâëÿþòñÿ íåîòúåìëåìîé è ñîñòàâíîé ÷àñòüþ ïðîãðàììû êîìïëåêñíîãî ìîíèòîðèíãà àíòàðêòè÷åñêîé áèîòû â ðàéîíå Àðãåíòèí- ñêèõ îñòðîâîâ è ïðèëåãàþùèõ àêâàòîðèé. Íåêîòîðûå ñâåäåíèÿ î ñîñòàâå èõòèîôàóíû ïðèáðåæíûõ âîä Àðãåíòèíñêèõ îñòðîâîâ ïîëó÷åíû Ñ. Ì. Èãíàòüåâûì â 7-é Óêðàèíñêîé àíòàðêòè÷åñêîé ýêñïåäèöèè 2002–2003 ãã. Îí óêàçûâàåò î íàëè÷èè â óëîâàõ 8 âèäîâ ðûá èç 2 ñåìåéñòâ — Notothenii- dae è Harpagiferidae. À. Þ. Óòåâñêèé â îò÷åòå î ðàáîòàõ â 8-é Óêðàèíñêîé àíòàðêòè÷åñêîé ýêñïåäèöèè 2003–2004 ãã. òàêæå óïîìèíàåò î 8 âèäàõ, íî ïðèíàäëåæàùèõ óæå ê 4 ñåìåéñòâàì — Channichthyidae, Bathydraconidae, Harpagiferidae è Nototheniidae.  9-é çèìîâêå 2004–2005 ãã. ïðè ïðîâåäåíèè îáëîâîâ â ïðèáðåæíûõ âîäàõ ýòîãî ðàéîíà íàìè çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíî 12 âèäîâ ðûá èç 4 ñåìåéñòâ. 6 Ë. Ã. Ìàíèëî Ðèñ. 1. Òî÷êè óäåáíûõ ñòàíöèé, ïîñòàíîâîê ëîâóøåê è ñåòåé â ïðåäåëàõ àêâàòîðèè îñòðîâà Galindez è ïðèëåæàùèõ îñòðîâîâ. Fig. 1. Ðoints of fishing stations, setting traps and nets within borders of the aquatic territory of Galindez Island and adjacent islands. Ìàòåðèàë è ìåòîäû Îáëîâ ðûá ïðîâîäèëè ïðè ïîìîùè ëîâóøåê òèïà «âåíòåðü», îäíîñòåííûìè ñåòÿìè ñ øàãîì ÿ÷åè х 25, х 30, х 40 ìì, óäåáíîãî ëîâà ñ ïëàâñðåäñòâ (ïëàñòèêîâûå ëîäêè «ÒÅÐÑλ è «Çîäèàê»), à òàêæå ñî ëüäà (ïðè íàëè÷èè áåçîïàñíîãî òîëñòîãî ñëîÿ) è ñ áåðåãà â ïðåäåëàõ àêâàòîðèè îñòðîâà Galindez è ïðèëåæàùèõ îñòðîâîâ äî ãëóáèíû 50–55 ì. Òî÷êè îáëîâîâ óêàçàíû íà ðèñ. 1. Ïîñòàíîâêà ëîâóøåê äàâàëà î÷åíü ìàëûå óëîâû çà ñóòêè èëè óëîâà íå áûëî âîîáùå. Ïðèìåíåíèå ëåñî÷íûõ ñåòåé â óñëîâèÿõ Àíòàðêòèêè íåïðèåìëåìî â ñâÿçè ñ èõ ëåãêîñòüþ è íåâîçìîæíîñòüþ äîïîëíèòåëüíîãî îñíàùåíèÿ ñ öåëüþ óòÿæåëåíèÿ, à òàêæå ïî ïðè÷èíå ìîùíûõ ïðèëèâíî-îòëèâíûõ ÿâëåíèé. Íàèáîëåå ýôôåêòèâíûì îêàçàëñÿ îáëîâ ðûá êðþ÷êîâûìè ñíàñòÿìè (ñïèííèíãè–óäåáíûé ëîâ). Äëÿ âèäîâîé èäåíòèôèêàöèè ðûá èñïîëüçîâàëè êîëëåêòèâíóþ ìîíîãðàôè÷åñêóþ ñâîäêó «Fishes of the Southern Ocean» (ed. O. Gon, P. C. Heemstra, 1990) è îïðåäåëèòåëü ÔÀÎ (FAO, 1985). Ïîëíûé áèîëîãè÷åñêèé àíàëèç ðûá ïðîâîäèëè íåïîñðåäñòâåííî ïîñëå îòëîâà íà ñâåæåì ìàòåðèàëå. Àíàëèçó ïîäâåðãàëè ìàññîâûå âèäû, ïðåäñòàâèòåëåé ðåäêèõ è ìàëî÷èñëåííûõ âèäîâ èçìåðÿëè, âçâåøèâàëè è ôèêñèðîâàëè â 4%-íîì ðàñòâîðå íåéòðàëüíîãî ôîðìàëèíà. Áèîëîãè÷åñêèé àíàëèç âêëþ÷àë ñëåäóþùèå ïàðàìåòðû: èçìåðåíèå ñòàíäàðòíîé SL (äî êîíöà ÷åøóéíîãî ïîêðîâà) è ïîëíîé èíäèâèäóàëüíîé TL (äî êîíöà õâîñòîâîãî ïëàâíèêà) äëèí ñ òî÷íîñòüþ äî 1 ìì, îïðåäåëåíèå îáùåé ìàññû òåëà è ìàññû òóøêè áåç âíóòðåííèõ îðãàíîâ (ñ òî÷íîñòüþ äî 1 ã), îïðåäåëåíèå ïîëà è ñòàäèé çðåëîñòè ïîëîâûõ ïðîäóêòîâ, ìàññû ãîíàä (ñ òî÷íîñòüþ äî 0,1 ã), íàïîë- íåíèå æåëóäêà â áàëëàõ (0 — ïóñòîé æåëóäîê, 4 áàëëà — ïîëíîå çàïîëíåíèå), àíàëèç ñîäåðæèìîãî æåëóäêà è âçâåøèâàíèå åãî ñîäåðæèìîãî (ñ òî÷íîñòüþ äî 0,1 ã). Ãîíàäîñîìàòè÷åñêèé èíäåêñ (ÃÑÈ) îïðåäåëÿëè ïî ôîðìóëå: ÃÑÈ = Pg х 100: Pt , ãäå Pg — ìàññà ãîíàä, Pt — îáùàÿ ìàññà òåëà. Èõòèîôàóíà è ìîðôîáèîëîãè÷åñêàÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ìàññîâûõ âèäîâ ðûá... 7 Ðåçóëüòàòû Èõòèîôàóíà ïðèáðåæíûõ âîä Àðãåíòèíñêèõ îñòðîâîâ  ïðèáðåæíûõ âîäàõ Àðãåíòèíñêèõ îñòðîâîâ äî ãëóáèíû 50–60 ì âîçìîæíî íàõîæäåíèå 34 âèäîâ ðûá, îòíîñÿùèõñÿ ê 9 ñåìåéñòâàì, 3 îòðÿäàì è 2 êëàññàì (Gon, Heemstra, 1990). Äâà âèäà îòíîñÿòñÿ ê êëàññó Õðÿùåâûå ðûáû — ñêàòû Bathyraja eatonii (Gunther, 1876) è B. maccaini Springer, 1971, âñå îñòàëüíûå — ê êëàññó Ëó÷åïåðûå ðûáû. Íàõîäêè 10 âèäîâ ìàëîâåðîÿòíû, íî âîçìîæíû (òàáë. 1). Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ïî ëèòåðàòóðíûì äàííûì â ïðèáðåæíîé àêâàòîðèè èññëåäóåìîãî ðàéîíà â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ îáèòàåò 24 âèäà äîííî-ïðèäîííîãî êîìïëåêñà. Íåîáõîäèìî îòìåòèòü, ÷òî ïðàâèëüíàÿ èäåíòèôèêàöèÿ Lepidonotothen kempi (Norman, 1937), îòìå÷åííîãî â óëîâàõ ïðåäûäóùèõ çèìîâîê, ïî íàøåìó ìíåíèþ, ñîìíèòåëüíà, òàê êàê ýòîò âèä îáèòàåò íà ìèíèìàëüíîé ãëóáèíå 100 ì, à íà òàêèõ Òàáëèöà 1. Âèäîâîé ñîñòàâ ðûá ïðèáðåæíûõ âîä Àðãåíòèíñêèõ îñòðîâîâ Table 1. Species composition of fishes of coastal waters of Argentine Islands ¹ Ãëóáèíà ðàñïðîñòðà- Îòðÿä, ñåìåéñòâî, âèä ï/ï íåíèÿ, ì Êëàññ Chondrichthyes Õðÿùåâûå ðûáû Îòðÿä Rajiformes Ñêàòîîáðàçíûå Cåì. Rajidae Ðîìáîâûå ñêàòû 1. Bathyraja eatonii (Gunther, 1876) 15–800 2. B. maccaini Springer, 1971 ïðèáð.–500 Êëàññ Actinopterygii Ëó÷åïåðûå ðûáû Îòðÿä Gadiformes Òðåñêîîáðàçíûå Cåì. Muraenolepididae Ïàðêåòíèêîâûå 3. Muraenolepis microps (Lonnberg, 1905)* 10–1600 Îòðÿä Perciformes Îêóíåîáðàçíûå Cåì. Bovichthidae Ùåêîðîãîâûå 4. Bovichthus elongatus (Hureau & Tomo, 1977) ïðèáð. ìåëêîâîäüå Cåì. Nototheniidae Íîòîòåíèåâûå 5. Aethotaxis mitopteryx DeVitt, 1962* ? 6. Cryothenia peninsulae Daniels, 1981 50–400 7. Dissostichus mawsoni Norman, 1937 88–1600 8. Gobionotothen gibberifrons (Lonnberg, 1908) 5–750 9. Lepidonotothen kempi (Norman, 1937) 100–900 10. L. nudifrons (Lonnberg, 1905) 5–350 11. L. larseni (Lonnberg, 1905) 30–550 12. Notothenia coriiceps Richardson, 1844 0–550 13. N. rossii Richardson, 1844 0–550 14. Pagothenia borchgrevinki (Boulenger, 1907) 10–72 15. P. brachysoma (Pappenheim, 1912) 0–90 16. Paranotothenia magellanica (Forster, 1801)* 0–255 17. Trematomus bernacchii Boulenger, 1902 0–700 18. T. eulepidotus Regan, 1914 70–550 19. T. hansoni Boulenger, 1902 5–550 20. T. loennbergii Regan, 1913 65–832 21. T. newnesi Boulenger, 1902 0–400 22. T. pennellii Regan, 1914 0–732 23. T. scotti (Boulenger, 1907) 20–793 Cåì. Artedidraconidae Áîðîäàòêîâûå 24. Artedidraco skottsbergi Lonnberg, 1905 5–666 * Âñòðå÷à äàííûõ âèäîâ ìàëîâåðîÿòíà, íî âîçìîæíà â ïðèáðåæíûõ âîäàõ Àðãåíòèíñêèõ îñòðîâîâ. * Finding of these species improbable, but possible in coastal waters of the Argentine Islands. 8 Ë. Ã. Ìàíèëî Ïðîäîëæåíèå òàáë. 1 ¹ Ãëóáèíà ðàñïðîñòðà- Îòðÿä, ñåìåéñòâî, âèä ï/ï íåíèÿ, ì 17. Trematomus bernacchii Boulenger, 1902 0–700 18. T. eulepidotus Regan, 1914 70–550 19. T. hansoni Boulenger, 1902 5–550 20. T. loennbergii Regan, 1913 65–832 21. T. newnesi Boulenger, 1902 0–400 22. T. pennellii Regan, 1914 0–732 23. T. scotti (Boulenger, 1907) 20–793 Cåì. Artedidraconidae Áîðîäàòêîâûå 24. Artedidraco skottsbergi Lonnberg, 1905 5–666 25. Pogonophryne phyllopogon Andriashev, 1967* 100–536 Cåì. Harpagiferidae Õàðïàãèôåðîâûå 26. Harpagifer antarcticus Nybelin, 1947 0–5 Cåì. Harpagiferidae Õàðïàãèôåðîâûå 27. Gymnodraco acuticeps Boulenger, 1902* 0–550 28. Parachaenichthys charcoti (Vaillant, 1906) 5–400 29. Prionodraco evansii Regan, 1914* 70–550 Cåì. Channichthyidae Áåëîêðîâíûå ðûáû 30 Chaenocephalus aceratus (Lonnberg, 1906) 5–770 31. Champsocephalus gunnari Lonnberg, 1905 0–700 32. Neopagetopsis ionah Nybelin, 1947* 20–900 33. Pagetopsis macropterus (Boulenger, 1907)* 5–655 34. Pseudochaenichthys georgianus Norman, 1937* 0–475 Cåì. Tripterygiidae Òðîåïåðûå 34. Helcogrammoides antarcticus (Tomo, 1981)* ? ãëóáèíàõ îáëîâû íå ïðîèçâîäèëèñü. Âåðîÿòíî, ê ýòîìó âèäó áûë îøèáî÷íî îòíå- ñåí äðóãîé, ïî-âèäèìîìó, Lepidonotothen nudifrons (Lonnberg, 1905), êîòîðûé, íà ïåðâûé âçãëÿä, íåñêîëüêî ñõîäåí ñ âûøåóêàçàííûì.  ïåðèîä çèìîâêè 2004–2005 ãã.
Recommended publications
  • Jan Jansen, Dipl.-Biol
    The spatial, temporal and structural distribution of Antarctic seafloor biodiversity by Jan Jansen, Dipl.-Biol. Under the supervision of Craig R. Johnson Nicole A. Hill Piers K. Dunstan and John McKinlay Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Quantitative Antarctic Science Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania May 2019 In loving memory of my dad, whose passion for adventure, sport and all of nature’s life and diversity inspired so many kids, including me, whose positive and generous attitude touched so many people’s lives, and whose love for the ocean has carried over to me. The spatial, temporal and structural distribution of Antarctic seafloor biodiversity by Jan Jansen Abstract Biodiversity is nature’s most valuable resource. The Southern Ocean contains significant levels of marine biodiversity as a result of its isolated history and a combination of exceptional environmental conditions. However, little is known about the spatial and temporal distribution of biodiversity on the Antarctic continental shelf, hindering informed marine spatial planning, policy development underpinning regulation of human activity, and predicting the response of Antarctic marine ecosystems to environmental change. In this thesis, I provide detailed insight into the spatial and temporal distribution of Antarctic benthic macrofaunal and demersal fish biodiversity. Using data from the George V shelf region in East Antarctica, I address some of the main issues currently hindering understanding of the functioning of the Antarctic ecosystem and the distribution of biodiversity at the seafloor. The focus is on spatial biodiversity prediction with particular consideration given to previously unavailable environmental factors that are integral in determining where species are able to live, and the poor relationships often found between species distributions and other environmental factors.
    [Show full text]
  • Fishes of the Eastern Ross Sea, Antarctica
    Polar Biol (2004) 27: 637–650 DOI 10.1007/s00300-004-0632-2 REVIEW Joseph Donnelly Æ Joseph J. Torres Tracey T. Sutton Æ Christina Simoniello Fishes of the eastern Ross Sea, Antarctica Received: 26 November 2003 / Revised: 16 April 2004 / Accepted: 20 April 2004 / Published online: 16 June 2004 Ó Springer-Verlag 2004 Abstract Antarctic fishes were sampled with 41 midwater in Antarctica is dominated by a few fish families and 6 benthic trawls during the 1999–2000 austral (Bathylagidae, Gonostomatidae, Myctophidae and summer in the eastern Ross Sea. The oceanic pelagic Paralepididae) with faunal diversity decreasing south assemblage (0–1,000 m) contained Electrona antarctica, from the Antarctic Polar Front to the continent (Ever- Gymnoscopelus opisthopterus, Bathylagus antarcticus, son 1984; Kock 1992; Kellermann 1996). South of the Cyclothone kobayashii and Notolepis coatsi. These were Polar Front, the majority of meso- and bathypelagic replaced over the shelf by notothenioids, primarily Ple- fishes have circum-Antarctic distributions (McGinnis uragramma antarcticum. Pelagic biomass was low and 1982; Gon and Heemstra 1990). Taken collectively, the concentrated below 500 m. The demersal assemblage fishes are significant contributors to the pelagic biomass was characteristic of East Antarctica and included seven and are important trophic elements, both as predators species each of Artedidraconidae, Bathydraconidae and and prey (Rowedder 1979; Hopkins and Torres 1989; Channichthyidae, ten species of Nototheniidae, and Lancraft et al. 1989, 1991; Duhamel 1998). Over the three species each of Rajidae and Zoarcidae. Common continental slope and shelf, notothenioids dominate the species were Trematomus eulepidotus (36.5%), T. scotti ichthyofauna (DeWitt 1970). Most members of this (32.0%), Prionodraco evansii (4.9%), T.
    [Show full text]
  • Of RV Upolarsternu in 1998 Edited by Wolf E. Arntz And
    The Expedition ANTARKTIS W3(EASIZ 11) of RV uPolarsternuin 1998 Edited by Wolf E. Arntz and Julian Gutt with contributions of the participants Ber. Polarforsch. 301 (1999) ISSN 0176 - 5027 Contents 1 Page INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................... 1 Objectives of the Cruise ................................................................................................l Summary Review of Results .........................................................................................2 Itinerary .....................................................................................................................10 Meteorological Conditions .........................................................................................12 RESULTS ...................................................................................................................15 Benthic Resilience: Effect of Iceberg Scouring On Benthos and Fish .........................15 Study On Benthic Resilience of the Macro- and Megabenthos by Imaging Methods .............................................................................................17 Effects of Iceberg Scouring On the Fish Community and the Role of Trematomus spp as Predator on the Benthic Community in Early Successional Stages ...............22 Effect of Iceberg Scouring on the Infauna and other Macrobenthos ..........................26 Begin of a Long-Term Experiment of Benthic Colonisation and Succession On the High Antarctic
    [Show full text]
  • 2008-2009 Field Season Report Chapter 9 Antarctic Marine Living Resources Program NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-445
    2008-2009 Field Season Report Chapter 9 Antarctic Marine Living Resources Program NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-445 Demersal Finfi sh Survey of the South Orkney Islands Christopher Jones, Malte Damerau, Kim Deitrich, Ryan Driscoll, Karl-Hermann Kock, Kristen Kuhn, Jon Moore, Tina Morgan, Tom Near, Jillian Pennington, and Susanne Schöling Abstract A random, depth-stratifi ed bottom trawl survey of the South Orkney Islands (CCAMLR Subarea 48.2) fi nfi sh populations was completed as part of Leg II of the 2008/09 AMLR Survey. Data collection included abundance, spatial distribution, species and size composition, demographic structure and diet composition of fi nfi sh species within the 500 m isobath of the South Orkney Islands. Additional slope stations were sampled off the shelf of the South Orkney Islands and in the northern Antarctic Peninsula region (Subarea 48.1). During the 2008/09 AMLR Survey: • Seventy-fi ve stations were completed on the South Orkney Island shelf and slope area (63-764 m); • Th ree stations were completed on the northern Antarctic Peninsula slope (623-759 m); • A total of 7,693 kg (31,844 individuals) was processed from 65 fi nfi sh species; • Spatial distribution of standardized fi nfi sh densities demonstrated substantial contrast across the South Orkney Islands shelf area; • Th e highest densities of pooled fi nfi sh biomass occurred on the northwest shelf of the South Orkney Islands, at sta- tions north of Inaccessible and Coronation Islands, and the highest mean densities occurred within the 150-250 m depth stratum; • Th e greatest species diversity of fi nfi sh occurred at deeper stations on the southern shelf region; • Additional data collection of environmental and ecological features of the South Orkney Islands was conducted in order to further investigate Antarctic fi nfi sh in an ecosystem context.
    [Show full text]
  • Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean
    Census of Antarctic Marine Life SCAR-Marine Biodiversity Information Network BIOGEOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF THE SOUTHERN OCEAN CHAPTER 7. BIOGEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS OF FISH. Duhamel G., Hulley P.-A, Causse R., Koubbi P., Vacchi M., Pruvost P., Vigetta S., Irisson J.-O., Mormède S., Belchier M., Dettai A., Detrich H.W., Gutt J., Jones C.D., Kock K.-H., Lopez Abellan L.J., Van de Putte A.P., 2014. In: De Broyer C., Koubbi P., Griffiths H.J., Raymond B., Udekem d’Acoz C. d’, et al. (eds.). Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, Cambridge, pp. 328-362. EDITED BY: Claude DE BROYER & Philippe KOUBBI (chief editors) with Huw GRIFFITHS, Ben RAYMOND, Cédric d’UDEKEM d’ACOZ, Anton VAN DE PUTTE, Bruno DANIS, Bruno DAVID, Susie GRANT, Julian GUTT, Christoph HELD, Graham HOSIE, Falk HUETTMANN, Alexandra POST & Yan ROPERT-COUDERT SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE ON ANTARCTIC RESEARCH THE BIOGEOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF THE SOUTHERN OCEAN The “Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean” is a legacy of the International Polar Year 2007-2009 (www.ipy.org) and of the Census of Marine Life 2000-2010 (www.coml.org), contributed by the Census of Antarctic Marine Life (www.caml.aq) and the SCAR Marine Biodiversity Information Network (www.scarmarbin.be; www.biodiversity.aq). The “Biogeographic Atlas” is a contribution to the SCAR programmes Ant-ECO (State of the Antarctic Ecosystem) and AnT-ERA (Antarctic Thresholds- Ecosys- tem Resilience and Adaptation) (www.scar.org/science-themes/ecosystems). Edited by: Claude De Broyer (Royal Belgian Institute
    [Show full text]
  • Análisis De Las Relaciones Tróficas Entre Peces Y Vertebrados
    Tesis Doctoral Análisis de las relaciones tróficas entre peces y vertebrados ictiófagos de las Islas Orcadas del Sur, Antártida: Hacia el conocimiento integral del ecosistema y el manejo racional de los recursos Autora: Lic. Maria Lila Bertolin Director: Dr. Ricardo J. Casaux Co-director: Dr. Carlos Darrieu Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo Universidad de La Plata 2012 Dedico este trabajo a mis padres Agradezco a la gente de postgrado de la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo de La Plata por la enorme paciencia y buena atención que me han dedicado estos 5 años, a la gente de becas de CONICET por el buen trato y la buena resolución frente a las dificultades y consultas, al Dr. Esteban Barrera-Oro por sus aportes y buena predisposición hacia todas mis dudas y al Dr. Fernando Momo por su rapidez y brillante ayuda. Índice de contenidos Resumen (español) i Resumen (inglés) v Capítulo I Introducción general 1 El continente antártico 1 Características físicas y biológicas 1 Aspecto geopolítico 9 La actividad pesquera en Antártida 9 La regulación del manejo de los recursos naturales y el medio-ambiente en Antártida 11 La importancia del desarrollo de políticas de manejo 13 Objetivos generales 14 Referencias bibliográficas 16 Capítulo II Composición general de la dieta 23 Introducción 23 Materiales y métodos 24 Área de estudio 24 Recopilación de información bibliográfica 25 Análisis de datos 25 Resultados 29 Composición general de la dieta, Islas Orcadas del Sur 29 Aves 29 Mamíferos 50 Composición general de la dieta, Islas Shetland del
    [Show full text]
  • Об Использовании Критерия Онтогенетического Предшествования На Примере Развития Скелета Нототениевидных Рыб (Notothenioidei, Perciformes, Teleostei)
    Труды Зоологического института РАН Том 314, № 4, 2010, c. 387–404 УДК 57.017.645: 597.58 ОБ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИИ КРИТЕРИЯ ОНТОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОГО ПРЕДШЕСТВОВАНИЯ НА ПРИМЕРЕ РАЗВИТИЯ СКЕЛЕТА НОТОТЕНИЕВИДНЫХ РЫБ (NOTOTHENIOIDEI, PERCIFORMES, TELEOSTEI) О.С. Воскобойникова Зоологический институт Российской академии наук, Университетская наб. 1, 199034 Санкт-Петербург, Россия; e-mail: [email protected] РЕЗЮМЕ Изучение ранних стадий развития скелета окунеобразных рыб из подотрядов Notothenioidei, Percoidei, Blennioidei, Zoarcoidei и Gobioidei выявило сходную последовательность появления скелетных элементов различного происхождения, которая соответствует таковой у других костистых рыб. Первыми в онтогенезе появляются хрящевые элементы черепа, осевого скелета и скелета хвостового плавника. После их возник- новения начинается закладка покровных костей. Позднее появляются замещающие кости. Во многих ко- стях комплексного происхождения покровные элементы также появляются раньше замещающих. Изучение преобразований строения различных отделов скелета в онтогенезе нототениевидных выявило значительно лучше выраженную лабильность костной ткани по сравнению с хрящевой. Показана большая функцио- нальная активность покровных костных элементов по сравнению с замещающими в костях комплексного происхождения. Сделано предположение, что значительная редукция покровного скелета в филогенезе по- звоночных животных во многих случаях была связана с процессом слияния покровных и замещающих ко- стей в комплексные кости, принимающие на себя функции обоих элементов. Последовательность
    [Show full text]
  • The Molecular Evolution of Rhodopsin in Marine-Derived
    THE MOLECULAR EVOLUTION OF RHODOPSIN IN MARINE-DERIVED AND OTHER FRESHWATER FISHES by Alexander Van Nynatten A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Cell and Systems Biology University of Toronto © Copyright by Alexander Van Nynatten (2019) THE MOLECULAR EVOLUTION OF RHODOPSIN IN MARINE-DERIVED AND OTHER FRESHWATER FISHES A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Cell and Systems Biology University of Toronto © Copyright by Alexander Van Nynatten (2019) ABSTRACT Visual system evolution can be influenced by the spectral properties of light available in the environment. Variation in the dim-light specialized visual pigment rhodopsin is thought to result in functional shifts that optimize its sensitivity in relation to ambient spectral environments. Marine and freshwater environments have been shown to be characterized by different spectral properties and might be expected to place the spectral sensitivity of rhodopsin under different selection pressures. In Chapter two, I show that the rate ratio of non- synonymous to synonymous substitutions is significantly elevated in the rhodopsin gene of a South American clade of freshwater anchovies with marine ancestry. This signature of positive selection is not observed in the rhodopsin gene of the marine sister clade or in non-visual genes. ii In Chapter three I functionally characterize the effects of positively selected substitutions occurring on another independent invasion of freshwater made by ancestrally marine croakers. In vitro spectroscopic assays on ancestrally resurrected rhodopsin pigments reveal a red-shift in peak spectral sensitivity along the transitional branch, consistent with the wavelengths of light illuminating freshwater environments.
    [Show full text]
  • Ross Sea As a Marine Protected Area
    1 CCAMLR WG-EMM-10/11 ROSS SEA BIOREGIONALIZATION Part I: Validation of the 2007 CCAMLR Bioregionalization Workshop Results Towards Including the Ross Sea in a Representative Network of Marine Protected Areas in the Southern Ocean David G. Ainley1, Grant Ballard2, John Weller3 1H.T. Harvey & Associates, 983 University Avenue, Los Gatos CA 95032; 2PRBO Conservation Science, 3820 Cypress Drive #11, Petaluma, California 94954; 3365 29th Street, Boulder, CO 80305 Weddell seal and pup beneath McMurdo Sound fast ice; photo J. Weller 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report provides the scientific basis, validating the results of the CCAMLR Bioregionalization Workshop (2007) as well as the report of ASOC (2010), for identifying the Ross Sea as one of 11 areas deserving close scrutiny for inclusion in a network of marine protected areas. CCAMLR (2007) identified the Ross Sea as an area of high biodiversity on the basis of its high physical heterogeneity; ASOC (2010) compared characteristics of the Ross Sea to areas designated under various international agreements instituted to preserve biodiversity. The CCAMLR (2007) subsequently was endorsed in the joint meeting of CCAMLR's Scientific Committee and the Environmental Protocol's Committee on Environmental Protection (ATCM XXXII-CEP XII, Final Report, 2009). Considered herein is the Ross Sea shelf and slope, which is a smaller portion of the area identified in CCAMLR (2007) as “Ross Sea shelf”. Waters overlying the Ross Sea continental shelf and slope comprise ~2.0% of the Southern Ocean, an area inconsequential in size from a global perspective. However, as shown by this summary of information — amassed from the national research programs especially of Italy, New Zealand, United Kindgom (during the “heroic” era), and United States — the Ross Sea not inconsequential is its biodiversity nor its disproportionate contribution to world populations of many well-known iconic Antarctic species.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Notothenioid Fish in the Food Web of the Ross Sea Shelf Waters
    Polar Biol (2004) 27: 321–338 DOI 10.1007/s00300-004-0599-z REVIEW M. La Mesa Æ J. T. Eastman Æ M. Vacchi The role of notothenioid fish in the food web of the Ross Sea shelf waters: a review Received: 27 June 2003 / Accepted: 23 January 2004 / Published online: 12 March 2004 Ó Springer-Verlag 2004 Abstract The Ross Sea, a large, high-latitude (72–78°S) are benthic predators on fish while smaller species feed embayment of the Antarctic continental shelf, averages mainly on benthic crustaceans. Channichthyids are less 500 m deep, with troughs to 1,200 m and the shelf break dependent on the bottom for food than other notothe- at 700 m. It is covered by pack ice for 9 months of the nioids. Some species combine benthic and pelagic life year. The fish fauna of about 80 species includes pri- styles; others are predominantly pelagic and all consume marily 4 families and 53 species of the endemic perci- euphausiids and/or fish. South polar skuas, Antarctic form suborder Notothenioidei. This review focuses on petrels, Ade´lie and emperor penguins, Weddell seals and the diet and role in the food web of notothenioids and minke and killer whales are the higher vertebrate com- top-level bird and mammal predators, and also includes ponents of the food web, and all prey on notothenioids new information on the diets of artedidraconids and to some extent. Based on the frequency of occurrence of bathydraconids. Although principally a benthic group, prey items in the stomachs of fish, bird and mammal notothenioids have diversified to form an adaptive predators, P.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification Key an Talogue O Larval Antarctic Fishe Dited by Adolf Kellerrnann
    Identification Key an talogue o Larval Antarctic Fishe dited by Adolf Kellerrnann Prepared and published with the support of the Alfred-Wegener-Institut füPolar- und Meeresforschung, SCAR (Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research) and CCAMLR (Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources) Ber. Polarforsch. 67 (1990) ISSN 0176-5027. This volurne will also be oublished in the BIOMASS Scientific Series, Vol. 10 Dr. Adolf Kellermann Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar and Marine Research 2850 Bremerhaven FRG present address: University of Hawaii Oceanic Biology, MSB R622 1000 Pope Road Honolulu, Hl 96822 USA Mr. Anthony W. North British Antarctic Survey Madingley Road Cambridge CB3 OET UK .. - 111 - CONTENTS Key to the early stages of Antarctic fish (A.W. North and A. Kellermann) .........................................................................1 Catalogue of early life stages of Antarctic notothenioid fishes (A. Kellermann) .....................................................................................................45 Preface This booklet has two parts which are cornplementary to each other: an identification key which atternpts to include larvae from all fish families occurring in the Southern Ocean, and a catalogue which considers only the early Stages of the most abundant bottorn dwel- ling fishes, the percomorph notothenioid fishes. The original idea conceived in 1985 was to produce a synopsis of what was known about the larval development and ecology of notothenioid fishes as the peculiar element of the Antarctic fish fauna. Later On, when ichthyologists had become aware that difficulties still existed in identifying these larvae, it was suggested during the BIOMASS Post-SIBEX Fish Data Evaluation Workshop held at Carnbridge, 1986, to have both, a key and a catalogue in one volume, with the key to be produced in collaboration with Tony North of the British Antarctic Survey.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial Distribution and Habitat Preferences of Demersal Fish Assemblages in the Southeastern Weddell Sea (Southern Ocean)
    Polar Biology https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-019-02495-3 ORIGINAL PAPER Spatial distribution and habitat preferences of demersal fsh assemblages in the southeastern Weddell Sea (Southern Ocean) Mario La Mesa1 · Dieter Piepenburg2,5,6 · Santiago E. A. Pineda‑Metz2,7 · Emilio Riginella3 · Joseph T. Eastman4 Received: 19 December 2018 / Revised: 18 March 2019 / Accepted: 20 March 2019 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract Our knowledge on distribution, habitats and behavior of Southern Ocean fshes living at water depths beyond scuba-diving limits is still sparse, as it is difcult to obtain quantitative data on these aspects of their biology. Here, we report the results of an analysis of seabed images to investigate species composition, behavior, spatial distribution and preferred habitats of demersal fsh assemblages in the southern Weddell Sea. Our study was based on a total of 2736 high-resolution images, covering a total seabed area of 11,317 m2, which were taken at 13 stations at water depths between 200 and 750 m. Fish were found in 380 images. A total of 379 notothenioid specimens were recorded, representing four families (Nototheniidae, Artedidraconidae, Bathydraconidae, Channichthyidae), 17 genera and 25 species. Nototheniidae was the most speciose fam- ily, including benthic species (Trematomus spp.) and the pelagic species Pleuragramma antarctica, which was occasionally recorded in dense shoals. Bathydraconids ranked second with six species, followed by artedidraconids and channichthyids, both with fve species. Most abundant species were Trematomus scotti and T. lepidorhinus among nototheniids, and Dol- loidraco longedorsalis and Pagetopsis maculatus among artedidraconids and channichthyids, respectively. Both T.
    [Show full text]