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Ukr Rez #38.Qxd Çá³ðíèê ïðàöü Çîîëîã³÷íîãî ìóçåþ, ¹ 38: 5–22, 2006 © Ë. Ã. Ìàíèëî, 2006 ÓÄÊ 597(292.3) ÈÕÒÈÎÔÀÓÍÀ È ÌÎÐÔÎÁÈÎËÎÃÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÕÀÐÀÊÒÅÐÈÑÒÈÊÀ ÌÀÑÑÎÂÛÕ ÂÈÄΠÐÛÁ ÏÐÈÁÐÅÆÍÛÕ ÂÎÄ ÀÐÃÅÍÒÈÍÑÊÈÕ ÎÑÒÐÎÂΠ(ÀÍÒÀÐÊÒÈÊÀ) (ïî ìàòåðèàëàì çèìîâêè 9-é Óêðàèíñêîé àíòàðêòè÷åñêîé ýêñïåäèöèè 2004–2005 ãã.) Ë. Ã. Ìàíèëî Íàöèîíàëüíûé íàó÷íî-ïðèðîäîâåä÷åñêèé ìóçåé ÍÀÍ Óêðàèíû, óë. Á. Õìåëüíèöêîãî, 15, Êèåâ, 01030 Óêðàèíà E-mail: manilo@museumkiev. org Èõòèîôàóíà è ìîðôîáèîëîãè÷åñêàÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ìàññîâûõ âèäîâ ðûá ïðèáðåæíûõ âîä Àðãåí- òèíñêèõ îñòðîâîâ (Àíòàðêòèêà). Ìàíèëî Ë. Ã. — Íà îñíîâå ìàòåðèàëîâ, ñîáðàííûõ íà çèìîâêå â 9-é Óêðàèíñêîé àíòàðêòè÷åñêîé ýêñïåäèöèè 2004–2005 ãã. â ïðèáðåæíûõ âîäàõ Àðãåíòèíñêèõ îñòðîâîâ, ðàññìîòðåí âèäîâîé ñîñòàâ óëîâîâ, èõ äèíàìèêà è ðàñïðåäåëåíèå â èññëåäîâàííîì ðàéîíå. Äëÿ øèðîêîëîáîé íîòîòåíèè, Notothenia coriiceps Richardson, 1844, òðåìàòîìà-ïåñòðÿêà, Trematomus bernacchii Boulenger, 1902, äàíà ìîðôîáèîëîãè÷åñêàÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêà: êðàòêèé äèàã- íîç, îêðàñêà, ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå, ðàçìåðíî-ìàññîâûé ñîñòàâ, ñîçðåâàíèå ãîíàä, îñíîâíûå êîìïî- íåíòû ïèòàíèÿ. Òàêæå ïðèâîäèòñÿ êðàòêàÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêà âèäîâ, âñòðå÷àâøèõñÿ â ïðèëîâå. Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: Àíòàðêòèêà, Àðãåíòèíñêèå îñòðîâà, èõòèîôàóíà, âèäû, íîòîòåíèÿ øèðî- êîëîáàÿ, òðåìàòîì-ïåñòðÿê, ãîíàäû, ïèòàíèå, ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå. Ichthyofauna and Morphobiological Characteristics of Mass Fish Species of Coastal Waters of Argentine Islands (Antarctica). Manilo L. G. — On the basis of data collected during the wintering of 9-th Ukrainian Antarctic expedition in 2004–2005 years in coastal waters of Argentine Islands fish species composition of catches, their dynamics and distribution in the region are considered. For broad-headed notothenia Notothenia coriiceps Richardson, 1844, emerald rock cod Trematomus bernacchii Boulenger, 1902, morphobiological characteristics, such as short description, coloration, spreading, size composi- tion, maturing, main feeding components, are given. Short characteristics of other species found in catches are considered as well. Key words: Antarctic, Argentine Islands, ichthyofauna, species, broad-headed notothenia, emerald rock cod, gonads, feeding, spreading. Ââåäåíèå Àðãåíòèíñêèå îñòðîâà âõîäÿò â ñîñòàâ àðõèïåëàãà Âèëüãåëüìà è ðàñïîëîæåíû â íåïîñðåäñòâåí- íîé áëèçîñòè ó çàïàäíîãî ïîáåðåæüÿ Àíòàðêòè÷åñêîãî ï-îâà (Çåìëÿ Ãðåéàìà). Áðèòàíñêàÿ àíòàðêòè÷åñêàÿ ñòàíöèÿ «Ôàðàäåé» äî ïåðåäà÷è åå Óêðàèíå â ôåâðàëå 1996 ã. èìåëà ñòàòóñ ãåîôèçè÷åñêîé îáñåðâàòîðèè, ïî ýòîé ïðè÷èíå áèîëîãè÷åñêèå èññëåäîâàíèÿ â ðàéîíå ñòàíöèè ïðîâîäèëèñü ýïèçîäè÷åñêè, à èõòèîôàóíà âîîáùå íå èçó÷àëàñü. Áèîëîãè÷åñêèå èññëåäîâàíèÿ, íà÷àòûå Óêðàèíîé â ïðåäûäóùèå ãîäû íà àíòàðêòè÷åñêîé ñòàíöèè «Àêàäåìèê Âåðíàäñêèé» è ïðîäîëæàþùèåñÿ ïî íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ, ÿâëÿþòñÿ íåîòúåìëåìîé è ñîñòàâíîé ÷àñòüþ ïðîãðàììû êîìïëåêñíîãî ìîíèòîðèíãà àíòàðêòè÷åñêîé áèîòû â ðàéîíå Àðãåíòèí- ñêèõ îñòðîâîâ è ïðèëåãàþùèõ àêâàòîðèé. Íåêîòîðûå ñâåäåíèÿ î ñîñòàâå èõòèîôàóíû ïðèáðåæíûõ âîä Àðãåíòèíñêèõ îñòðîâîâ ïîëó÷åíû Ñ. Ì. Èãíàòüåâûì â 7-é Óêðàèíñêîé àíòàðêòè÷åñêîé ýêñïåäèöèè 2002–2003 ãã. Îí óêàçûâàåò î íàëè÷èè â óëîâàõ 8 âèäîâ ðûá èç 2 ñåìåéñòâ — Notothenii- dae è Harpagiferidae. À. Þ. Óòåâñêèé â îò÷åòå î ðàáîòàõ â 8-é Óêðàèíñêîé àíòàðêòè÷åñêîé ýêñïåäèöèè 2003–2004 ãã. òàêæå óïîìèíàåò î 8 âèäàõ, íî ïðèíàäëåæàùèõ óæå ê 4 ñåìåéñòâàì — Channichthyidae, Bathydraconidae, Harpagiferidae è Nototheniidae.  9-é çèìîâêå 2004–2005 ãã. ïðè ïðîâåäåíèè îáëîâîâ â ïðèáðåæíûõ âîäàõ ýòîãî ðàéîíà íàìè çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíî 12 âèäîâ ðûá èç 4 ñåìåéñòâ. 6 Ë. Ã. Ìàíèëî Ðèñ. 1. Òî÷êè óäåáíûõ ñòàíöèé, ïîñòàíîâîê ëîâóøåê è ñåòåé â ïðåäåëàõ àêâàòîðèè îñòðîâà Galindez è ïðèëåæàùèõ îñòðîâîâ. Fig. 1. Ðoints of fishing stations, setting traps and nets within borders of the aquatic territory of Galindez Island and adjacent islands. Ìàòåðèàë è ìåòîäû Îáëîâ ðûá ïðîâîäèëè ïðè ïîìîùè ëîâóøåê òèïà «âåíòåðü», îäíîñòåííûìè ñåòÿìè ñ øàãîì ÿ÷åè х 25, х 30, х 40 ìì, óäåáíîãî ëîâà ñ ïëàâñðåäñòâ (ïëàñòèêîâûå ëîäêè «ÒÅÐÑλ è «Çîäèàê»), à òàêæå ñî ëüäà (ïðè íàëè÷èè áåçîïàñíîãî òîëñòîãî ñëîÿ) è ñ áåðåãà â ïðåäåëàõ àêâàòîðèè îñòðîâà Galindez è ïðèëåæàùèõ îñòðîâîâ äî ãëóáèíû 50–55 ì. Òî÷êè îáëîâîâ óêàçàíû íà ðèñ. 1. Ïîñòàíîâêà ëîâóøåê äàâàëà î÷åíü ìàëûå óëîâû çà ñóòêè èëè óëîâà íå áûëî âîîáùå. Ïðèìåíåíèå ëåñî÷íûõ ñåòåé â óñëîâèÿõ Àíòàðêòèêè íåïðèåìëåìî â ñâÿçè ñ èõ ëåãêîñòüþ è íåâîçìîæíîñòüþ äîïîëíèòåëüíîãî îñíàùåíèÿ ñ öåëüþ óòÿæåëåíèÿ, à òàêæå ïî ïðè÷èíå ìîùíûõ ïðèëèâíî-îòëèâíûõ ÿâëåíèé. Íàèáîëåå ýôôåêòèâíûì îêàçàëñÿ îáëîâ ðûá êðþ÷êîâûìè ñíàñòÿìè (ñïèííèíãè–óäåáíûé ëîâ). Äëÿ âèäîâîé èäåíòèôèêàöèè ðûá èñïîëüçîâàëè êîëëåêòèâíóþ ìîíîãðàôè÷åñêóþ ñâîäêó «Fishes of the Southern Ocean» (ed. O. Gon, P. C. Heemstra, 1990) è îïðåäåëèòåëü ÔÀÎ (FAO, 1985). Ïîëíûé áèîëîãè÷åñêèé àíàëèç ðûá ïðîâîäèëè íåïîñðåäñòâåííî ïîñëå îòëîâà íà ñâåæåì ìàòåðèàëå. Àíàëèçó ïîäâåðãàëè ìàññîâûå âèäû, ïðåäñòàâèòåëåé ðåäêèõ è ìàëî÷èñëåííûõ âèäîâ èçìåðÿëè, âçâåøèâàëè è ôèêñèðîâàëè â 4%-íîì ðàñòâîðå íåéòðàëüíîãî ôîðìàëèíà. Áèîëîãè÷åñêèé àíàëèç âêëþ÷àë ñëåäóþùèå ïàðàìåòðû: èçìåðåíèå ñòàíäàðòíîé SL (äî êîíöà ÷åøóéíîãî ïîêðîâà) è ïîëíîé èíäèâèäóàëüíîé TL (äî êîíöà õâîñòîâîãî ïëàâíèêà) äëèí ñ òî÷íîñòüþ äî 1 ìì, îïðåäåëåíèå îáùåé ìàññû òåëà è ìàññû òóøêè áåç âíóòðåííèõ îðãàíîâ (ñ òî÷íîñòüþ äî 1 ã), îïðåäåëåíèå ïîëà è ñòàäèé çðåëîñòè ïîëîâûõ ïðîäóêòîâ, ìàññû ãîíàä (ñ òî÷íîñòüþ äî 0,1 ã), íàïîë- íåíèå æåëóäêà â áàëëàõ (0 — ïóñòîé æåëóäîê, 4 áàëëà — ïîëíîå çàïîëíåíèå), àíàëèç ñîäåðæèìîãî æåëóäêà è âçâåøèâàíèå åãî ñîäåðæèìîãî (ñ òî÷íîñòüþ äî 0,1 ã). Ãîíàäîñîìàòè÷åñêèé èíäåêñ (ÃÑÈ) îïðåäåëÿëè ïî ôîðìóëå: ÃÑÈ = Pg х 100: Pt , ãäå Pg — ìàññà ãîíàä, Pt — îáùàÿ ìàññà òåëà. Èõòèîôàóíà è ìîðôîáèîëîãè÷åñêàÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ìàññîâûõ âèäîâ ðûá... 7 Ðåçóëüòàòû Èõòèîôàóíà ïðèáðåæíûõ âîä Àðãåíòèíñêèõ îñòðîâîâ  ïðèáðåæíûõ âîäàõ Àðãåíòèíñêèõ îñòðîâîâ äî ãëóáèíû 50–60 ì âîçìîæíî íàõîæäåíèå 34 âèäîâ ðûá, îòíîñÿùèõñÿ ê 9 ñåìåéñòâàì, 3 îòðÿäàì è 2 êëàññàì (Gon, Heemstra, 1990). Äâà âèäà îòíîñÿòñÿ ê êëàññó Õðÿùåâûå ðûáû — ñêàòû Bathyraja eatonii (Gunther, 1876) è B. maccaini Springer, 1971, âñå îñòàëüíûå — ê êëàññó Ëó÷åïåðûå ðûáû. Íàõîäêè 10 âèäîâ ìàëîâåðîÿòíû, íî âîçìîæíû (òàáë. 1). Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ïî ëèòåðàòóðíûì äàííûì â ïðèáðåæíîé àêâàòîðèè èññëåäóåìîãî ðàéîíà â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ îáèòàåò 24 âèäà äîííî-ïðèäîííîãî êîìïëåêñà. Íåîáõîäèìî îòìåòèòü, ÷òî ïðàâèëüíàÿ èäåíòèôèêàöèÿ Lepidonotothen kempi (Norman, 1937), îòìå÷åííîãî â óëîâàõ ïðåäûäóùèõ çèìîâîê, ïî íàøåìó ìíåíèþ, ñîìíèòåëüíà, òàê êàê ýòîò âèä îáèòàåò íà ìèíèìàëüíîé ãëóáèíå 100 ì, à íà òàêèõ Òàáëèöà 1. Âèäîâîé ñîñòàâ ðûá ïðèáðåæíûõ âîä Àðãåíòèíñêèõ îñòðîâîâ Table 1. Species composition of fishes of coastal waters of Argentine Islands ¹ Ãëóáèíà ðàñïðîñòðà- Îòðÿä, ñåìåéñòâî, âèä ï/ï íåíèÿ, ì Êëàññ Chondrichthyes Õðÿùåâûå ðûáû Îòðÿä Rajiformes Ñêàòîîáðàçíûå Cåì. Rajidae Ðîìáîâûå ñêàòû 1. Bathyraja eatonii (Gunther, 1876) 15–800 2. B. maccaini Springer, 1971 ïðèáð.–500 Êëàññ Actinopterygii Ëó÷åïåðûå ðûáû Îòðÿä Gadiformes Òðåñêîîáðàçíûå Cåì. Muraenolepididae Ïàðêåòíèêîâûå 3. Muraenolepis microps (Lonnberg, 1905)* 10–1600 Îòðÿä Perciformes Îêóíåîáðàçíûå Cåì. Bovichthidae Ùåêîðîãîâûå 4. Bovichthus elongatus (Hureau & Tomo, 1977) ïðèáð. ìåëêîâîäüå Cåì. Nototheniidae Íîòîòåíèåâûå 5. Aethotaxis mitopteryx DeVitt, 1962* ? 6. Cryothenia peninsulae Daniels, 1981 50–400 7. Dissostichus mawsoni Norman, 1937 88–1600 8. Gobionotothen gibberifrons (Lonnberg, 1908) 5–750 9. Lepidonotothen kempi (Norman, 1937) 100–900 10. L. nudifrons (Lonnberg, 1905) 5–350 11. L. larseni (Lonnberg, 1905) 30–550 12. Notothenia coriiceps Richardson, 1844 0–550 13. N. rossii Richardson, 1844 0–550 14. Pagothenia borchgrevinki (Boulenger, 1907) 10–72 15. P. brachysoma (Pappenheim, 1912) 0–90 16. Paranotothenia magellanica (Forster, 1801)* 0–255 17. Trematomus bernacchii Boulenger, 1902 0–700 18. T. eulepidotus Regan, 1914 70–550 19. T. hansoni Boulenger, 1902 5–550 20. T. loennbergii Regan, 1913 65–832 21. T. newnesi Boulenger, 1902 0–400 22. T. pennellii Regan, 1914 0–732 23. T. scotti (Boulenger, 1907) 20–793 Cåì. Artedidraconidae Áîðîäàòêîâûå 24. Artedidraco skottsbergi Lonnberg, 1905 5–666 * Âñòðå÷à äàííûõ âèäîâ ìàëîâåðîÿòíà, íî âîçìîæíà â ïðèáðåæíûõ âîäàõ Àðãåíòèíñêèõ îñòðîâîâ. * Finding of these species improbable, but possible in coastal waters of the Argentine Islands. 8 Ë. Ã. Ìàíèëî Ïðîäîëæåíèå òàáë. 1 ¹ Ãëóáèíà ðàñïðîñòðà- Îòðÿä, ñåìåéñòâî, âèä ï/ï íåíèÿ, ì 17. Trematomus bernacchii Boulenger, 1902 0–700 18. T. eulepidotus Regan, 1914 70–550 19. T. hansoni Boulenger, 1902 5–550 20. T. loennbergii Regan, 1913 65–832 21. T. newnesi Boulenger, 1902 0–400 22. T. pennellii Regan, 1914 0–732 23. T. scotti (Boulenger, 1907) 20–793 Cåì. Artedidraconidae Áîðîäàòêîâûå 24. Artedidraco skottsbergi Lonnberg, 1905 5–666 25. Pogonophryne phyllopogon Andriashev, 1967* 100–536 Cåì. Harpagiferidae Õàðïàãèôåðîâûå 26. Harpagifer antarcticus Nybelin, 1947 0–5 Cåì. Harpagiferidae Õàðïàãèôåðîâûå 27. Gymnodraco acuticeps Boulenger, 1902* 0–550 28. Parachaenichthys charcoti (Vaillant, 1906) 5–400 29. Prionodraco evansii Regan, 1914* 70–550 Cåì. Channichthyidae Áåëîêðîâíûå ðûáû 30 Chaenocephalus aceratus (Lonnberg, 1906) 5–770 31. Champsocephalus gunnari Lonnberg, 1905 0–700 32. Neopagetopsis ionah Nybelin, 1947* 20–900 33. Pagetopsis macropterus (Boulenger, 1907)* 5–655 34. Pseudochaenichthys georgianus Norman, 1937* 0–475 Cåì. Tripterygiidae Òðîåïåðûå 34. Helcogrammoides antarcticus (Tomo, 1981)* ? ãëóáèíàõ îáëîâû íå ïðîèçâîäèëèñü. Âåðîÿòíî, ê ýòîìó âèäó áûë îøèáî÷íî îòíå- ñåí äðóãîé, ïî-âèäèìîìó, Lepidonotothen nudifrons (Lonnberg, 1905), êîòîðûé, íà ïåðâûé âçãëÿä, íåñêîëüêî ñõîäåí ñ âûøåóêàçàííûì.  ïåðèîä çèìîâêè 2004–2005 ãã.
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