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Of RV Upolarsternu in 1998 Edited by Wolf E. Arntz And The Expedition ANTARKTIS W3(EASIZ 11) of RV uPolarsternuin 1998 Edited by Wolf E. Arntz and Julian Gutt with contributions of the participants Ber. Polarforsch. 301 (1999) ISSN 0176 - 5027 Contents 1 Page INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................... 1 Objectives of the Cruise ................................................................................................l Summary Review of Results .........................................................................................2 Itinerary .....................................................................................................................10 Meteorological Conditions .........................................................................................12 RESULTS ...................................................................................................................15 Benthic Resilience: Effect of Iceberg Scouring On Benthos and Fish .........................15 Study On Benthic Resilience of the Macro- and Megabenthos by Imaging Methods .............................................................................................17 Effects of Iceberg Scouring On the Fish Community and the Role of Trematomus spp as Predator on the Benthic Community in Early Successional Stages ...............22 Effect of Iceberg Scouring on the Infauna and other Macrobenthos ..........................26 Begin of a Long-Term Experiment of Benthic Colonisation and Succession On the High Antarctic Continental Shelf ...............................................27 Effect of Iceberg Disturbance and Recovery of Meiofauna ........................................28 The Role of Benthic Suspension Feeders in Antarctic Communities ..........................30 Abundance and Distribution of Benthic Hydroids in the Weddell Sea .........................32 Ecology of Anthozoans in the Weddell Sea ................................................................38 Taxonomy and Distribution .......................................................................................38 Growth of Antarctic Octocorals ..................................................................................47 Reproduction in Antarctic Octocorals......................................................................... 50 Defensive Strategies in Antarctic Octocorals ...............................................................55 Role of the "Fine Seston Fraction" in the Cnidarian Feeding Ecology: Experiments with Natural Diet ...............................................................................57 Prey Capture in One Species of Hydrozoa and of Stolonifera .....................................59 Respiration in Gorgonians ..........................................................................................67 Histological and Biochemical Support of Ecological Observations .............................68 Distribution, Abundance and Growth of Bryozoa .......................................................71 Study of the Hard-Bottom Fauna on an Underwater Hilltop at 60-70 m Depth ...........72 Preliminary Observations on Distribution, Biology and Feeding Ecology of some Suspension Feeding Polychaetes in the Eastern Weddell Sea .........................83 Studies at the Drescher Inlet: Seals. Fish. Sea Ice and Hydrography .......................94 Diving and Foraging Behaviour of Weddell Seals .......................................................95 Satellite Tracking of Crabeater Seals ..........................................................................98 Abundance and Distribution of Antarctic Pack Ice Seals in the Weddell Sea .............102 Vertical Distribution and Diel Migration Pattern of the Pelagic Fish Community in the Drescher Inlet .........................................................................107 The Pelagic Fish Food Web ......................................................................................110 Organic Matter Production within, and Export from Antarctic Sea Ice Platelet Layer ..........................................................................................118 Biogeochemistry in Platelet Ice Layers .....................................................................119 Export of Particulate Matter Under Fast Ice ..............................................................120 Exchange Processes in the Platelet Layer ..................................................................121 Hydrography in Drescher Inlet ................................................................................121 Growth and Attachment of Diatoms on Ice Platelets .................................................123 Biodiversity and Biogeography ..............................................................................123 Demersal Fish Fauna ................................................................................................124 External and Interna1 Morphology of the Sensory Organs in Artedidraconidae. Teleostei: Notothenoidei .........................................................132 Biodiversity and Zoogeography of Mollusca. Polychaeta. and Crustacea Peracarida .....................................................................................135 Macrobenthos Distribution Patterns in Relation to Environmental and Biotic Parameters ..........................................................................................149 Macrobenthos: Visual Check of Trawl and Dredge Catches on Deck ........................153 11 Contens Preliminary Observations on Species Composition and Distribution of Aphroditidae and Polynoidae (Polychaeta) in the Eastern Weddell Sea ................ 161 Structural and Ecofunctional Biodiversity of the Benthic Amphipod Taxocoenoses ....................................................................................163 Biodiversity of Antarctic Nematodes ........................................................................175 Ultrastructure and Histochemistry ............................................................................177 Inventory of Chemo- and Mechanosensitive Sensillae and Lipid Storage in Antarctic and Boreal Isopoda (Crustacea. Malacostraca) ......................177 Anatomy. Histochemistry. and Ultrastructure of Selected Taxa .................................178 Age Determination of Selected Species of Benthic Crustacea ....................................181 Peninsula Transects ..................................................................................................181 Photographic Inventory of the Weddell Sea Benthos Species ....................................182 References ...............................................................................................................182 Chemical Ecology and Ecophysiology ....................................................................184 Chemical Ecology of Opisthobranchs and Related Species .......................................184 Ecophysiology: Respiration of Benthic Organisms and Isolated Tissues ...................189 Respiration of Macro- and Megabenthic Organisms .................................................190 Respiration of Antarctic Sponges .............................................................................191 Respiration of Antarctic Asteroids and Holothurians ................................................193 Physiological. Adaptations. to Cold in Antarctic Ectotherms ......................................194 Lipid Investigation ...................................................................................................198 'WCRatio in the Lipids of Polar Copepods ............................................................198 Reproduction of Decapod Shrimps from Different Climatic Zones ...........................199 Investigations into the Changes in Lipid Composition in an Antarctic Diatom in Relation to Inorganic Nutrient Depletion .............................................199 Trophic Relations within the Weddell Sea Benthic Shelf Community ........................200 Storage and Flow of C and Si ...................................................................................201 Identification of Possible Iron Sources by Trace Element Analysis in the Southem Ocean .........................................................................................203 ANNEXES ................................................................................................................207 Abreviations of Gears and Investigation Areas ..........................................................207 Station List ...............................................................................................................208 Seabird. Observations along the Cruise ......................................................................223 Participants ..............................................................................................................225 Participating Institutions ...........................................................................................227 Ship's Crew ..............................................................................................................229 Introduction 1 1. Introduction 1.1 Objectives of the Cruise (W. E. Arntz) The EASIZ (Ecology of the Antarctic Sea Ice Zone) Programme of SCAR, planned as a complementary approach to SO-JGOFS and SO-GLOBEC, combines investigations from the shore stations around Antarctica with shipboard work On the shelf and
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