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Root Vegetables: Taste Testing Getting Started: N Partner with Your School Nutrition Staff, Local Farmers’ Market, Or Grocery Store to Obtain Produce for Taste Tests

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Root Vegetables: Taste Testing Getting Started: N Partner with Your School Nutrition Staff, Local Farmers’ Market, Or Grocery Store to Obtain Produce for Taste Tests Health and Learning Success Go Hand-In-Hand Encouraging students to try new foods through taste tests is a great classroom strategy. Create a safe environment for students to taste new fruits and vegetables. A low-pressure approach to taste testing can help students develop a sense of what they like. Incorporate Harvest of the Month fruits and vegetables into lesson plans and help students expand their eating horizons. Exploring California Root Vegetables: Taste Testing Getting Started: n Partner with your school nutrition staff, local farmers’ market, or grocery store to obtain produce for taste tests. Network for a Healthy California SH What You Will Need (per group): DI RA n ½ cup each of raw, peeled, and sliced jicama and turnips n ½ cup each of cooked* and sliced russet potatoes and rutabagas n Printed Nutrition Facts labels for jicama, turnips, potatoes, and rutabagas** Activity: n Record sensory impressions by creating a Venn diagram on the board. n Taste vegetables and note the look, texture, smell, color, and taste. n Ask students to write a reflection or thank you letter to the farmer or school JICAMA nutrition staff. Include sensory descriptions or reasons why they liked or disliked certain items. n Examine Nutrition Facts labels for all items. Discuss how they differ nutritionally. n Refer to Botanical Facts (page 2) and explain how tubers differ from roots. TURNIP *Make arrangements to cook (steam) potatoes and rutabagas in advance. **Download from the Educators’ Corner of www.harvestofthemonth.com. For more ideas, reference: PAR SNIP Kids Cook Farm-Fresh Food, California Department of Education, 2002. RUTABAGA Cooking in Class: Reasons to Eat Jicama Cucumber Salad Root Vegetables Ingredients: n A ½ cup of most root vegetables Nutrition Facts Makes 24 tastes at ¼ cup each provides an excellent source of Serving Size: ½ cup raw jicama, n vitamin C. 1 pound jicama, peeled and cut into sliced (60g) n Calories 23 Calories from Fat 0 ½-inch cubes A ½ cup of sliced jicama is a good n 2 medium cucumbers, quartered, source of fiber. % Daily Value n Total Fat 0g 0% and sliced ¼-inch thick Complex carbohydrates* (commonly n Saturated Fat 0g 0% 1 fresh lime referred to as “starches”) are a key Trans Fat 0g n 3 teaspoons chili powder nutrient in root vegetables. Cholesterol 0mg 0% n Small plates and forks *Learn about complex carbohydrates on page 2. Sodium 2mg 0% 1. Combine jicama and cucumbers in Champion Sources of Complex Total Carbohydrate 5g 2% a large bowl. Carbohydrates* Dietary Fiber 3g 12% n 2. Squeeze lime juice over salad and Corn Sugars 1g mix well. n Dry beans Protein 0g n 3. Sprinkle seasoning over salad and Peas Vitamin A 0% Calcium 1% n Sweet potatoes Vitamin C 20% Iron 2% mix well. Serve immediately. *Champion foods include those in which most of Source: Hawthorne School District, 2009. their calories come from complex carbohydrates. For nutrition information, visit: Source: USDA Nutrient Database www.harvestofthemonth.com. For more information, reference: Wellness Foods A to Z by Sheldon Margen, Rebus, 2002. ROOT VEGETABLES What Are Complex Carbohydrates? Botanical Facts n “Starchy vegetables” provide calories in the form of Root vegetables are the roots of plants that are eaten as complex carbohydrates. They also provide vitamins, vegetables. These roots grow into the ground from the minerals, and fiber. base of the plant stem. They anchor the plant, absorb n The primary function of carbohydrates is to provide water and nutrients, and store energy. Root vegetables are energy for the body, especially the brain and nervous divided into six subgroups: Tap Roots, Tuberous Roots, system. Corms, Rhizomes, Tubers, and Bulbs. n Most people should get 55-60%, or over half, of their Tubers differ from other roots in that they are swollen total calories from carbohydrates, preferably starches underground stems, capable of producing new plants and and naturally occurring sugars. storing energy for the parent plant. If the parent plant dies, n Complex carbohydrates are made of polysaccharides the underground tubers can create new plants. Other roots (long chains of sugar units) that come from plant-based can take nutrients from the ground, but cannot store energy foods. or use it for reproduction. So while every tuber is a root n The body uses enzymes to break down complex vegetable, not all roots are tubers.* carbohydrates like starch into glucose, which the body Subgroup Varieties then uses for energy. Tubers Potato, sunchoke, yam n In plants, starch is produced by photosynthesis. Tubers store the highest quantities of starch of all vegetables. Tap Roots Beet, carrot, cassava, jicama, parsnip, radish, rutabaga, turnip Source: Understanding Normal and Clinical Nutrition by Catalog, Whitney, and Rolfes, Sixth Edition, 2002, pp. 97, 114-117. Tuberous Sweet potato, yucca Roots For more information, visit: www.fruitsandveggiesmatter.gov Corms Celeriac, eddo, taro, water chestnut Rhizomes Arrowroot, galangal, ginger, ginseng, lotus root, turmeric How Much Do I Need? Bulbs Garlic, onion, shallot A ½ cup of sliced root vegetables is about one cupped handful. Root vegetables come in a variety of colors and *Refer to Carrots, Potatoes, and Sweet Potatoes newsletters for more most can be eaten raw or cooked. The amount of fruits and information about root vegetable varieties. vegetables you need depends on your age, gender, and For more information, visit: physical activity level. Remind students to eat a variety of http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/extension/specialty colorful fruits and vegetables throughout the day. It will help them reach their recommended daily amounts. Tuber Plant Recommended Daily Amounts of flower Fruits and Vegetables* Kids, Teens and Adults, Ages 5-12 Ages 13 and up leaf Males 2½ - 5 cups per day 4½ - 6½ cups per day Females 2½ - 5 cups per day 3½ - 5 cups per day *If you are active, eat the higher number of cups per day. stem Visit www.choosemyplate.gov to learn more. How Do Root Vegetables Grow? Root vegetables are cool-weather crops. Roots such as beets, carrots, radishes, rutabagas, and turnips can be stolon developing planted in early spring and late summer for two crops. tuber Tubers are a single-crop vegetable that can take up to (underground stem) one year to harvest. Roots need to be thinned so they have enough room to develop properly. Tubers do not developed tuber “seed” piece require thinning, but they do need plenty of space and soil covering the underground vegetables. For a chart with information about how to plant and grow root vegetables, refer to Root Vegetables Botanical young tuber Images (in the Educators’ Corner) on true roots www.harvestofthemonth.com. Adapted from: Buried Treasure: Roots & For more information, visit: Tubers by Meredith Sayles Hughes, 1998. www.ncsu.edu/sustainable/profiles/pppotato.html To download reproducible botanical www.urbanext.illinois.edu/veggies/potato1.html images, visit the Educators’ Corner at www.harvestofthemonth.com. School Garden: To Dig or Not to Dig? tudent Champions If your school has a garden, here is an activity you may want to implement. S n Look for donations to cover the cost of seeds, tools, irrigation systems, Form a Nutrition Advisory electric pumps, and any salary incurred by garden educators or others. Council to promote nutrition and school meals to student Demonstrate the importance of planting in loosened soil. In peers. compacted or dense soil, there is less room for air, making n it difficult for water to drain. Collaborate with school nutrition staff to create a taste Materials: testing event, make seasonal n 20 root seeds of same variety (e.g., turnips, parsnips) produce suggestions, or n 4’ x 8’ unprepared garden area (i.e., soil is hard) develop a standardized menu n String that complies with USDA n Markers school meal nutrition guidelines. n Spading forks For more information, visit: www.calsna.org/NAC/NAC.asp Student Activity: www.fns.usda.gov/cnd/menu/menu_planning.doc n Divide garden area in half using string. n Label one side “Bed A.” Use forks to loosen soil to six tudent Sleuths inches deep. S 1 Complex carbohydrates, like those found in starch, n Label the other side “Bed B.” Leave it untouched. provide the body with longer releasing energy. How n Plant equal number of seeds in Beds A and B. Record does this differ from the energy provided by simple predictions about growth and harvesting in a journal. carbohydrates? n Harvest mature plants and taste the edible parts. 2 What is a root? What is a tuber? List examples of each. n Write an analysis of which bed was more suitable for 3 Sweet potatoes (a root) are a good source of potassium. plant growth and why. Compare it to original predictions. (USDA defines a “good source” as supplying at least Complete Student Sleuths #5. 10% daily value of a nutrient per serving.) List three Adapted from: The Growing Classroom: Garden-Based Science by other fruits or vegetables that are good sources of Roberta Jaffe and Gary Appel, Addison Publishing Company, 1990. potassium. 4 What is the difference between annual and perennial Home Grown Facts plants? n Jicama is not commercially 5 How do soils become compacted? What happens grown anywhere in the when the soil becomes compacted? How can we avoid United States. compacting our garden beds? n California leads the nation For information, visit: in production of Daikon www.fruitsandveggiesmatter.gov radishes. www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/cropsystems/components/ n Turnips are produced 3115s01.html mainly as a small www.garden.org (approximately 400 acres) commercial crop in Kern and Imperial counties. A Slice of Root Vegetable History n In California, parsnips are grown mainly in home gardens.
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