Entrance to the Short Catalogue Form and Key to Portal I

Section A: integral codices

▪ Alphabetical library arrangement CBM catalogues ▪ Working language ▪ Catalogues of codex types (abbreviations) ▪ Codices catalogued (integral) ▪ CTC: Enumeration of complete codices (catalogue headline: column 1) ▪ Sources: local library collections of Byzantine MSS worldwide (columns 2-3-4) ▪ Present-day locations and library codes ▪ Catalogue situation monastic libraries of Hagion Oros (Athos) ▪ The life of manuscripts (dynamic factor) ▪ Chronological confines: IV/V – XVIII c. (column 5) ▪ Reference to codex provenance included in IRHT and INTF data-bases (columns 7-8) ▪ Gregory / Aland referential numbers (column 8) ▪ Catalogue headline and parameters for NT codex types ▪ Key to Short Catalogues of codex types ▪ The CTC listing, additions & alterations

CBM: Short Catalogue of NT codex types

CBM’s Short Catalogue of the NT corpus (see Portal I: NT corpus of codex types) is strictly limited in content and scope. It provides overviews of Byzantine NT codex types on a universal library scale. The codex types are arranged in alphabetical order per place and library, following the order of codex codes from the local library catalogues. The working language is English. We have chosen to build the catalogue around the libraries and holdings where the manuscripts are located. Please refer also to the Bibliography of Catalogues of MSS according to local Libraries, provided on this website [see Sources of the Short Catalogue].

< universal catalogues of NT codex types (see Tables I-IX), i.e. all known exemplars on a worldwide library scale; < codex types that were fashioned on the basis of the codico-liturgical evolution of manuscripts (different from author-centred corpus formation as found in classical literature; see for the latter the IRHT model); < original Byzantine codex titles (nomenclature), found as headings, in colophons or in margins of MSS, and as reference titles in liturgical Typikon codices (see Portal Ω: List of codex titles included in Typikon Evergetis, Athens, EBE 788, 12 c. AD); < letter symbols derived from Byzantine codex denotations (T, E, P, see below); < codex types presented in the shortest possible catalogue form (tables of 8 parameters).

Alphabetical library arrangement of CBM catalogues

English names of places and libraries are employed. In cases of islands, the order is: island name, place, library. When there are prefixed place names, the first letter of the main name is followed (G: St. Gallen, P: St. Petersburg). See for places and library names in the original languages the website rubric Sources: Bibliography of Catalogues of MSS according to Libraries and Holdings. The alphabetical system of the IRHT Pinakes is excellent, especially the scrolling function through whole local library collections. Complete and updated overviews of the complete collections (to which individual MSS belong) are possible. There are, however, many anomalies in the IRHT Pinakes presentation, through the use of different languages for places and library names. Moreover, Greek, Russian, and other languages, each with their own script, are represented according to a transliteration system. Greek library codes are sometimes (?) transliterated and sometimes are the Greek letter symbols used. The INTF NT.VMR presents manuscripts in German, not complete however (only NT parts of codices) and by collection, one by one.

Working Language

CBM Short Catalogues are presented in English. This implies a translation of place and library names from Greek catalogues: Papadopoulos-Kerameus, Kremos, Sakkelion, Lampros, Arkadios-Eustratiades, Spyridon-Eustratiades, Bees, Politis, Tselikas; from Russian catalogues: Ouspensky, Kapustin, Sabas, Vladimir, Benesevich, Granstrem, Fonkich; from Latin catalogues: Montfaucon, Bandini, Gardthausen, Mercati-Franchi

de’Cavalieri, Devreesse, Schreiner, Giannelli, Canart, Lilla, Coxe, [IRHT]; from French

2 catalogues: Omont, Richard, Olivier, [IRHT]; from German: Gregory, von Soden,

Digital catalogues in English are helpful, for instance: □ University of Chicago Library. Goodspeed manuscript collection http://goodspeed.lib.uchicago.edu/browse/index.php?browsetype=browselanguage&sort=asc □ University of Oxford, Bodleian Library □ London, British Library □ Baltimore, Walters Art Gallery

Printed catalogues in English: ▫ S. KOTZABASSI, N. PATTERSON ŠEVČENKO, D. C. SKEMER, Greek Manuscripts at Princeton, Sixth to Nineteenth Century: A Descriptive Catalogue, Princeton, 2010.

▫ G. R. PARPULOV, A Catalogue of the Greek Manuscripts at the Walters Art Museum, in The Journal of the Walters Art Museum, Vol. 62, pp. 70-187.

▫ T.S. PATTIE AND S. MCKENDRICK, The British Library. Summary Catalogue of Greek Manuscripts. 1, London, 1999.

▫ J. L. SHARPE, An exhibition of Greek manuscripts from the Kenneth Willis Clark Collection: Perkins Library, Duke University, March 1999, Durham (NC), 1999.

▫ T. S. PATTIE, Manuscripts of the Bible. Greek Bibles in the British Library, London, 1995.

▫ R. W. HUNT, Summary Catalogue of Western Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library at Oxford which have not hitherto been catalogued in the Quarto Series, Historical 1ntroduction and Conspectus of Shelf-marks, t. I, Oxford, 1953

▫ F. MADAN, H. H. E. CRASTER, N. DENHOLM-YOUNG A Summary Catalogue of Western Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library at Oxford which have not hitherto been catalogued in the Quarto Series, t. II/2, Oxford, 1937.

▫ K. W. CLARK, A descriptive catalogue of NT manuscripts in America, Chicago, 1937.

▫ K. LAKE AND S. LAKE, Dated Greek Minuscule Manuscripts to the Year 1200, (Monumenta Palaeographica Vetera. I-X), Vols. I-X, Boston, 1934-1939, and a separate volume Indices to Volumes I-X, Boston, 1945.

▫ F. MADAN - H. H. E. CRASTER A Summary Catalogue of Western Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library at Oxford which have not hitherto been catalogued in the Quarto Series, t. II/1, Oxford, 1922.

▫ F. H. A. SCRIVENER, A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament for the Use of Biblical Students, fourth edition edited by the Rev. E. MILLER, vols. I-II, London, 1894.

▫ E. M. THOMPSON AND G. F. WARNER, Catalogue of Ancient Manuscripts in the British Museum, Part I,

Greek manuscripts, London, 1881.

3 ▫ A Catalogue of the Harleian collection of manuscripts, purchased by authority of parliament for the use of the

▫ D. CASLEY, A catalogue of the manuscripts of the King’s Library : an appendix to the Catalogue of the Cottonian Library, together with an account of books burnt or damaged by a late fire : one hundred and fifty specimens of the manner of writing in different ages, from the third to the fifteenth century, in copper-plates, and some observations upon mss. in a preface by David Casley, London, 1734.

Catalogues of codex types (abbreviations)

The NT manuscripts are presented in Short Catalogues in condensed tabular form (Tables I-IX) in which a minimum of necessary data is provided, whereby the codex ‘type’ is the leading criterion. To a codex type belong manuscripts which show similar traits with respect to content, form/structure and liturgical function. The codex types are recognisable from the manuscripts themselves, reflecting an age-old codico-liturgical practice. A considerable number include codex titles, clearly describing in one word (or short name) the liturgical content, function and structure of the manuscript [see below: The CTC listing, additions & alterations].

We distinguish the following codex types [see Portal I 1: Diagram1. Overview Scheme NT corpus]:

T Tetraevangelion codices E Evangelion codices (T/E) Tetraevangelion/Evangelion combined codices P Praxapostolos codices A Apostolos codices TP Tetraevangelion-Praxapostolos codices EA Evangelion-Apostolos codices TAp Tetraevangelion-Apocalypse codices PAp Praxapostolos-Apocalypse codices TPAp Tetraevangelion-Praxapostolos-Apocalypse

Ap The book of the Apocalypse is included in different codex formations and does not exist as independent codex type; this NT book is included in: T- Ap, P-Ap, TP-Ap, Pandect Bibles [PB], TP-Ap-Ps and in other codex compositions. Also transmitted together with commentaries (Andrew of Caesarea , Arethas, Oikoumenios) [see Portal I 2: Section B].

Bibl.: A catalogue guide providing codico-liturgical principles and original Byzantine codex nomenclature is L. POLITIS, Ὁδηγὸς καταλόγου χειρογράφων (Γενικὸν Συμβούλιον Βιβλιοθηκῶν τῆς Ἑλλάδος 171), Athens, 1961. (only in Greek)

Codices catalogued (integral)

Only integral codices are presented in the Short Catalogue in Portal 1, section A; atypical and partial codices and fragments will be provided in later printed CBM volumes, as well as in Portal I, sections B and C. In our view, only an integral codex can demonstrate with certainty if attribution to a certain codex type is justified. This is not possible in the case of partial codices. Gregory and Aland also classified partial manuscripts and even single folia and fragments, as if these portions originally belonged to certain codex types (see the use of ‘e’ for instance for small manuscript portions and even fragments). But a clear picture of a codex type can only be based on solid evidence, that is, on the availability of a complete manuscript. Only for a limited number of partial codices can one actually identify the codex type, for instance, if the presence of an Ammonian/Eusebian apparatus gives clues as to the manuscript being a Four Gospel codex. Even here, however, one cannot be wholly certain whether other books were also included in the codex. A very large group of partial codices exists and are registered in NT listings. These rudiments have their own merit and function, but should be treated as such.

In the Short Catalogue Section A are included only: - complete codices - 'double codices' : Tpalim (palimpsest), T/E (hybrid), T Gr-Ar (di-lingual) codices. - disunited, often dislocated portions or single folia of codices indicated under the same INTF reference number. These are provided under the main corpus of the manuscript.

Many codices are damaged by frequent usage and lack small parts at the beginning (akephalos) and/or at the end (kolobos), in Aland 1994 indicated by † (e†) and in the NT.VMR under the tab Extant: Incomplete. They are included among the integral codices, together with those partial codices which are clear enough to be distinguished.

When two or more dislocated parts of manuscripts constitute one complete codex, these codices are included in the Short Catalogue, receiving one codex type code, which is of course the same for both parts of the manuscript. They are catalogued according to the places and libraries where they are kept, alphabetically, and the other part or more parts are mentioned directly below on the next line, indicating place, library and library code of that part of the codex.

In rare cases the codex type, normally one volume (one tomos), has two or more 5

This remark concerns NT corpus formation. In other groups, Panegyrika or Bioi hagion codices, more volumes (tomoi) are normal.

Not included in the Short Catalogue Section A are: - 'T partial codd: TP, Tf, Tff, Tfr. - codex pieces which received separate numbers in INTF lists. (These are united under the same codex type code.) - external techical data of the codicology of T codd. - ornamental and iconographical data which are necessary for an adequate description of the codex structure. - Titles, subheadings, subscriptions, in the codex which are also necessary for an adequate description of the codex structure. - palaeographical divisions (liturgical pericopes) indicated by open spaces and lines in the codices. - most characteristic liturgical and other apparatus data (tables. lists, canons, serial numbers in margins, notes in margins, signs etc.). - description of the contents of the codex, what is missing and what added. - provenance data.

Partial and fragmented codices (see Sctions B and C – under construction) may receive only provisional 'codex type codes' (TP, PP, EP, AP, and so on). It became tradition in NT catalogue practice since Gregory to attribute small portions, single folia, and fragments to larger text units (to Evv for instance) numbering and representing them in the same way as integral manuscripts.

CTC: Enumeration of integral codices (catalogue headline column 1)

The individual exemplars belonging to a certain codex type are enumerated according to their actual state of preservation, being integral codices, the Codex Type Code (see catalogue headline column 1 below). Partial manuscripts are not included in this Section A (see Portal I Section C) and neither are the small groups of atypical codd. (Portal II). Enumerating the latter together with integral manuscripts would suggest an equal status, which is not the case. For convenience a digital numeration system: T 0001 – T 1323 is used. The actual, definite numbers, however, are not yet included in the CBM website version. They will be provided after check rounds in the catalogue volumes (per codex type) to be published by Brepols in the new CBM series.

Sources: local library collections of Byzantine MSS worldwide (columns 2-3-4)

CBM is setting up universal catalogues of codex types that connect specialised catalogues directly to the local catalogues. For this reason a Bibliography of Catalogues of MSS according to Libraries and Holdings is provided in the present website [See Sources]. Today a rapid development of local library websites takes place, including digitisation of whole collections and full descriptions (see University of Chicago Library. Goodspeed manuscript collection). These digital resources are provided. Fundamental is Richard- Olivier 1995, 3rd ed., and the updates by the IRHT: Pinakes, Présentation, and Liens.

Present-day locations and library codes

Although catalographers and manuscript investigators continually attempt to ascertain the precise location of registered codices, for a considerable number of them it remains unknown or uncertain where they actually are, or whether they are in libraries where they are supposed to be. Especially the registration of a huge group of Byzantine manuscripts kept in the libraries of the Athonite monasteries should be re- assessed in coming years. [see E. K. LITSAS, ‘The study of Mount Athos manuscripts: problems and suggestions‘, in SPRONK/ROUWHORST/ROYÉ 2013, and see note Catalogue situation below].

The IRHT data seems reliable and up to date. CBM data is checked against INTF and IRHT with regard to actual locations and libraries and the library codes in use today. CBM applies the principle of adopting the exact codex code used in the local library. Old codes are included if deemed necessary. They refer to older catalogues that are often still highly valuable, and to earlier codex descriptions. Obsolete numbers are added between brackets ( ), so taking away any uncertainty with regard to the actual library-holding numbers provided by CBM (one should be very cautious in this respect, they can confuse also, catalogue practice teaches us this). Sometimes relevant library catalogues with different codes are also placed between brackets (IRHT: cat. Pallas).

Catalogue situation monastic libraries at Hagion Oros (Athos)

The collections of manuscripts kept in the monasteries and monastic settlements on Hagion Oros today are of particular value, because the liturgical milieu is very close to that of the original milieu of the codices. Many codices migrated from Athos to

western libraries. For the moment we should concentrate on the different catalogue

7 systems in use in the monasteries.

 Catalogues of Lampros [= Lambros] (2 vols., 1895-1900, in Greek A double cataloguing system is used: (1) first number of the headline (bold printed): the serial numbers of the codices throughout all library collections which were catalogued by Lampros; (2) second number of the headline: the library codes used by Lampros (based on index lists and handwritten summary catalogues of the monasteries). The same (Lampros) library codes of the monastic collections were followed in later descriptions and supplements. However, some monasteries today use different (new) library codes (Dionysiou, Iviron, Karakallou). A number of monastic settlements (sketes) were not catalogued by Lampros and added later by other cataloguers.

 Catalogue of Spyridon / Eustratiades (1 vol., 1925), in Greek A double cataloguing system is used also for the largest collection of manuscripts of Athos – Megisti Lavra: (1) first number of the headline: the serial numbers of the codices (bold printed) of the whole Lavra collection; (2) second number of the headline: division of the catalogue into sections according to an alphabetical system of capital letters and numbers (referring to bookcases and shelves). The alphabetical arrangement is based on summary titles of the codices.

 Catalogue of Arkadios / Eustratiades (1 vol., 1924), in Greek A double cataloguing system is used also for this library collection – Vatopedi: (1) one number of the headline: the serial numbers of the codices (bold print) throughout the whole Vatopediou collection; (2) division of the catalogue into three main sections according to content-function of the codices and an alphabetical arrangement based on summary titles of the codices.

How does CBM use the catalogue numbers offered by these Athonite catalogues?

→ Only the library codes used by Lampros are included in the Short Catalogue (i.e. second Nr. of headline), not the serial codes (first Nr. of headline) as these are of no additional help to the catalogue user today. → Only the alphabetical arranged library codes used by Spyridon/Eustratiades are included (i.e. second Nr. of headline), not the serial numbers (first Nr. of headline). → Only the serial library codes of Arkadios/Eustratiades are included, the three divisions are of no help.

The life of manuscripts (dynamic factor)

Catalography of codices on a global scale should take into consideration the unstable factors which are a result of manuscript migration (acquisition, loss of MSS). Manuscripts migrate due to: ◦ Acquisition of new manuscripts by libraries, institutions or private persons; ◦ Internal reorganisation of libraries and/or manuscript holdings (shifts from one place to another, new catalogue registration/numbering systems); ◦ Disappearance/removal from the library: - due to fires, earthquakes, bad storages (destruction by water damages). - due to disappearance for unknown reasons (stolen, unregistered loan, for personal study). - as gifts. - by means of sale. ◦ Unnoticed/unknown codices (forgotten places, rooms of storage inside monasteries, sketes, kellia; mistakes of local catalogue numbering systems).

Updating manuscript data should therefore include: 1) Library-holding check: is a certain codex, the physical object, actually in the supposed repository? 2) Catalogue(s) on location check: does the codex correspond to the library catalogue on location (cahiers, card files, printed books) and is it identifiable by the library code on the spine of the codex and/or on fly leaves/first folios recto within the codex? 3) Codex content check: Does the codex correspond (globally) to the supposed content summary of the catalogue at location?

Data is then checked by CBM against: 1. IRHT data (with double check Aland) – most recent update; 2. INTF NT.VMR data; 3. earlier editions of Aland and his co-workers; 4. Gregory’s catalogue data; 5. Von Soden’s catalogue data; 6. recent catalogues of local library data; 7. research visits and info by librarians at location. 8. recent other types of catalogues and literature on manuscripts.

Since the data on the codices is so vulnerable to change on a library-holding level,

codex level and catalographical level, CBM will present its Short Catalogue in

volumes of codex types with codes), and later supplements, so acknowledging the permanent need for updating codex data as a methodological postulate.

Chronological confines: IV/V – XVIII c. (column 5)

In the present CBM Short Catalogue of the NT website version 1, CBM adopts the dating of the manuscripts from INTF NT.VMR (column 5), which represents the current scholarly standard, acknowledging, however, that more precise dating is available in other catalogues and in specific studies (see for instance, divergent dates of Byzantine NT MSS in the IRHT Pinakes). A chronological index according to attributed ages and the dated codices will be included in the book edition of the Short Catalogue. The universal Christian era (chronology) is used for convenience sake (as the INTF, IRHT and other modern catalogue are doing the same), although original Byzantine chronological indications in dated codices is preferred. (see Politis, Odegos, for the Byzantine system of chronology and common dating)

Reference to codex provenance included in IRHT and INTF data-bases (columns 7-8)

The IRHT has started to provide provenance data (for instance to Moscow collections), which is advocated by CBM. The INTF also has collected most valuable unpublished NT provenance data, which is stored in the card files of the Handschrift Kartei in Muenster. The provenance data of the manuscripts in Paris, Oxford, Vatican, Escorial collections will be extremely valuable. IRHT: Pinakes: I. Liste des manuscrits par ville [A-Z], for the embedding of NT codex types in the provided full collections of Byzantine MSS on a global scale; II. Liste per Auteur (Testamentum Novum and Liturgica) and Œuvre (Opera Omnia, Evangelia IV etc.). In the Short Catalogue registration of codices in collection context is ascertained by: blue ● or green ●. 1) NT Mss are presented included in the library-holding setting; 2) NT Mss are presented in their integral state of preservation (all contents), i.e. complete codices; 3) NT Mss are presented according to the holding sequences and corresponding library codes (shelf marks).

INTF: NT.VMR: I. NT Mss are listed according to the numeral sequences of the four classic categories of Papyri, Majuscules, Minuscules, Lectionaries and listed according 10 to abbr. content (Inhalt); II. Listed also per place and library-holding, shelf marks.

Gregory / Aland referential numbers (column 8)

NT.VMR : GA = the numbering system of NT manuscripts set up by Gregory and continued by Aland and the INTF and used still for the NT.VMR. The numberings of Gregory and Aland are basically the same, despite the differences. In the course of the catalogue work done after Gregory by von Dobschütz, Aland and his co-workers, many improvements were necessary and changed the original lists set up by Gregory. The same numbers in G and A are used for different codices (!) and different places and depositories. Moreover, after Gregory many ‘reunifications’ of dislocated manuscript pieces came about and new finds were added to the list, which confuses the matter more. For this reason CBM places a slash ‘/’ between Gregory and Aland [G/A]. A concordant/dis-concordant index Gregory – Aland / Aland – Gregory is a desideratum. With regard to Tables I-IX more research is necessary in order to check the complete contents of the codices.

Catalogue headline and parameters for NT codex types

Reducing the selection of codex data to include in the tables to an absolute minimum is a precarious task. CBM limits the Short Catalogue to eight parameters.  Codex type code [1]  Place [2]  Library-holding [3]  Library code [4]  Age-date [5]  Script [6]  IRHT [7]  INTF: G/A [8]

Key to Short Catalogue of codex types

The headline of the Short Catalogue is arranged as follows:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Codex type code Place Library&Holding Library code Age-date Script IRHT INTF: GA

[1] Codex type code

11 A letter symbol to indicate the codex type, e.g. T for Tetraevangelion followed by a

[2] Place The manuscript’s present location.

[3] Library-holding The repository where the mss is housed today and the collection to which it belongs. The position of the manuscript in the context of the collection.

[4] Library code The library code or shelf mark indicating the physical position of the manuscript in the collection. The codes used refer to bookcase (often a letter), shelf (numbers), codex (numbered position on the shelves). The same signature is found on the spine of the codices or inside the codex (right upper corner on f. 1r). NB! Changes within such local library systems can cause great confusion and is one of the reasons behind seeming ‘disappearance’ and loss of manuscripts.

[5] Age-date The estimation of age as currently generally accepted by INTF or as included in colophons by the scribes.

[6] Script The common division of Mj (Majuscule) and Mn (Minuscule) script forms, excluding the whole range of specific writing styles within these main categories. It is necessary to indicate the basic palaeographical feature, since this element is not used longer as criterion of the present catalogue.

[7] IRHT The IRHT Pinakes library-holding catalogue of Byzantine codices is checked, especially with regard to the updates of present-day locations and library codes (shelf marks). All holdings of all libraries worldwide are provided and integral codices are registered. Complete contents are only for a very limited part indicated, references to Aland numbers are included however. The ● in blue or ● green means: 1) the codex in question is included to date in the library or holding according to the updates of the IHRT cataloguers; 2) the present library codes of the codices are checked and confirmed; 3) Aland references are checked (very accurate, only a limited number are mistaken or absent).

[8] INTF GA The Gregory-Aland reference number which was adopted by the INTF (in1958) and

that forms the basis of the present NT.VMR (on-line since 2009). The GA are central

registration numbers of all Greek NT manuscripts and refer also to the descriptive

12 databank of the INTF in Münster (Handschrift Kartei), which is not published or

The CTC listing, additions & alterations

The Codex Type Code [CTC] fixes the group (T for instance) and the individual exemplar (T 1), which belongs to this group. The CTC helps to indicate and summarise characteristic features of the individual manuscript, which is part of a certain codex type category.

CTC letter symbols (sigla), are derived from Byzantine codex nomenclature. Codex titles provided in the manuscripts were also used in Greek printed editions, old Greek catalogues and recent catalogues based on advanced codicological research (see Explanations to each of the Short Catalogue Tables I-IX). The titles chosen by CBM, those which were used in the manuscripts themselves, based on many examples and on a universal scale. Scholarly practice has not reckoned with codex types, or only in a partial manner, and the result is the use of widely divergent names in catalogues and literature. The codex titles clearly reflect liturgical usages, that is, they indicate the codices in the shortest possible manner, to inform clergymen, readers, cataloguers and scholars in an adequate and quick way.

Codex titles are found in: ▪ scribal notes at the end of codices (colophons) by the same or later hand; ▪ scribal notes at the beginning of the codex or elsewhere in the margins; ▪ pinakes of liturgical readings (synaxarion, menologion) at the beginning or at the end; ▪ tables of contents.

Manuscript sources: provided are the scribal notes and pinakes of liturgical readings in the summary catalogue of NT MSS included in Gregory, Textkritik I and III, and as far as they are adopted in the local catalogues, Papadopoulos-Kermaeus I-V (Jerusalem, Library of the Patriarchate), Tsakopoulos I-III / Kouroupou/Géhin (Istanbul, Library of the Ecumenical Patriarchate), Lampros I-II (Athonite Monastery Libraries), Spyridon/Eustratiades (Lavra), Argadios/Eustratiades (Vatopediou), Sakkelion / Politis / Nikolopoulos (Athens, EBE), Meteora (Bees/Sofianos), Gardthausen (Sinai), and so on). See also Hutter, Parpulov and other recent catalogues [Sources 1] and the list of special studies of bibliographical semeiomata [Approach: Bibliography concerning Bibliographical Semeiomata].

The insertion of notes (semeiomata) by later kalligraphoi or librarians also reflect

interesting evidence in the choice and usage of codex titles. Sometimes two different

titles (for instance evangelion and tetraevangelion) are included in one and the same 13

the scribal practice of Byzantine bibliographoi, were reckoned as being basically identical. The distinction of names was not considered to be in contradiction to the essential features of the codex.

Differentiation and absence of titles in codices 1) Although the ‘codex titles’ here discussed do not belong to the (main) titles of the books (epigraphs), which are enframed by headpieces or profiled by headbands and distinctive decoration lines in the main body of the codex, yet they do reflect original liturgical nomenclature of the codices; 2) Although codex titles are not included in all manuscripts, not even in the majority of codices (absence of scribal notes), considerable data of collected notes (bibliographical semeiomata) have been collected by scholars and are available, and these data allow application of the codex names to all exemplars of a certain category.

The Epitheta of the codices The consequent omission of epitheta found in the codices (for example, hieron evangelion, hieron kai theion tetraevangelion, and so on) in all editions of Greek NT produced in the West, is an intriguing fact. These epitheta, being a part of the codex titles, reflect the liturgical attitude and practice in the usage of the NT scriptures, in accordance with age-old manuscript tradition that goes back to the Holy Scriptures of the old Synagogue and early Christian Church. Why have these data (the epitheta) been omitted, even in critical editions? Maybe the codico-liturgical approach is able to bring back the relevance of this category of data, bringing to the fore the reasons (motives) why these epitheta were added. They should not be forgotten by scholars when describing and editing NT books and texts, even if the research focus is purely philological.

Summary titles of the catalogues of manuscripts Summary titles in the catalogues (at the head of descriptions, often in bold characters) are the shortest possible indication of the content of a codex according to the judgement of the individual cataloguer or school of cataloguing (Vatican, catalogue nomenclature in Latin, for instance). Different opinion is reflected by the various choices in this category of ‘summary titles’ (see Explanations to the Tables I-IX, under item 2: Current denotations]. Close to Byzantine manuscripts and of particular interest for this reason, are the various Greek catalogues. The Hagion Oros Lavra catalogue by Spyridon & Eustratiades is an exemplary starting point for summary titles, and for codex titles, in as far as they are included in the scribal notes. Compared are also the

Vatopediou catalogue (Argadios/Eustratiades, Lamberz), Lampros for the other

Athonite monastery libraries, the Istanbul Patriarchal Library catalogue (Tsakopoulos,

Papadopoulos-Kerameus. Of special interest is also the formidable Russian catalogue tradition (used is Vladimir for the ancient Synodal collection in Moscow).

In the case of new codices made known to scholarship New codices will be added under the location / library and given a new CTC. This new CTC will be ‘inserted’ in the alphabetical catalogue presentation.

Alterations of library/catalogue data A manuscript that migrates to another place or library keeps it CTC, even when it may receive a new local library number. Such migrations, that are surely to be expected, will be visibly indicated in the Short Catalogue tables. The CTC remains the same, only the library, or holding, or local library number changes. We will maintain the old data in the list, at the place from where the codex has migrated, only it will be struck through. This will inform the catalogue user about the new circumstances in relation to the old. This is relevant to track codex history. If a codex appears in fact to belong to a completely different codex type (a T appears to be a TP), it will be removed from the table, and documented by being struck through.

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