AMREMM/DCRM(MSS) Review Group: Final Report Appendix C: Rules comparison
0. General Rules AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
0A. Scope 0A. Scope 0A. Scope Range in date from late antiquity 0A1. General rule. Rules for cataloging Both AMREMM and DCRM(MSS) are through the middle ages and renaissance and individual textual manuscripts. primarily standards for item-level cataloging. up into early modern. Terminal date ~1600 I.2 Modern counterpart to AMREMM AMREMM is primarily for pre-modern or but “application should be governed by the scriptorium-era materials, while DCRM(MS) nature of the material and its method of is intended for later manuscripts. production more than chronological limitations”. 0A. (cont.) Intended primarily for Latin and [intentionally left blank] No DCRM(MSS) equivalent Western European vernacular manuscripts. 0A. (cont.) Can be applied to literary, letters, 0A2. Types of materials covered. Includes DCRM(MSS) includes a broader range of legal documents, archival records in the form handwritten, typewritten, or otherwise materials, e.g. miscellanies, ledgers, deeds, of fragments, single leaves or sheets, rolls, or unpublished resources such as letters, diaries, minutes, etc. bound or unbound manuscript codices miscellanies, ledgers, deeds, wills, legal AMREMM explicitly excludes and containing one or more works. papers, minutes, treatises, speeches, theses, DCRM(MSS) explicitly includes typescript devotional or literary works, and screenplays. and other forms of mechanical reproduction, Manuscript is understood to mean any item It also covers manuscripts produced during like galley proofs. written by hand. Excludes typescripts, various stages of the publication process, such
mimeographs, other mechanical or electronic as drafts of works intended for publication means of substitution for handwriting. and galley or page proofs, and handwritten or typewritten copies of published works. Standard can be applied for reproductions in microform, photographic, or electronic Manuscripts take the form of codices, scrolls, formats, but not facsimiles. or multiple sheets; and may exist as handwritten or typescript originals, letter- press transfers, carbon copies, mechanical or photographic reproductions, including
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
mimeographs, photostats, or microfilm, or digitized versions.
[intentionally left blank] 0A3. Ambiguous publication status. For No AMREMM equivalent. mechanically produced items whose publication status is ambiguous, such as family newsletters or dissertations, different institutions may designate their status in different ways, applying DCRM(MSS) or a standard intended for published material, such as DCRM(B) or DCRM(S), accordingly. [intentionally left blank] 0A4. Mixed material items. In the case of No AMREMM equivalent. mixed-material items, such as scrapbooks, printed forms completed by hand or keyboard, or photograph albums with manuscript captions, the cataloger will need to use judgment to determine whether DCRM(MSS) or another standard, such as DCRM(G) or DCRM(B), is most appropriate. Sources of information 0B. Sources of information 0C. Source of information
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
0B1. The source of information is the 0C. The source of information is the manuscript itself, the parts that are written in manuscript itself. a script or hand contemporary with the hand of the main body of the manuscript’s text. Prefer title page or colophon if present. In absence of title page: ● Opening or closing rubric ● Running title ● Contents list ● Incipit ● Explicit ● Other evidence, e.g., script, decoration, layout, binding, etc. 0B1 (cont.). If no satisfactory contemporary 0C (cont.) If the manuscript does not provide In AMREMM, if the title is supplied from information is available from any of these sufficient information for the description, it alternate sources, it is enclosed in square sources, transcribe or obtain it from one of the can be supplemented with: brackets. In DCRM(MSS) supplied following later alternate sources of ● Reliable information from the information is not enclosed in square information generally in this order of manuscript’s housing or brackets. preference and enclose it in square brackets accompanying materials (dealer ● Title page, colophon, etc. in later description, accession record, notes or script correspondence by previous owner). ● Cover, spine, or fore-edge title in later ● Reference sources. script ● Appropriate external sources, such as ● Published or unpublished descriptions contemporary newspaper article. ● Published edition ● Other reference sources 0E1. Square brackets. Do not enclose [See also 1A2] supplied information in square brackets. (Use The use of square brackets indicates that of square brackets in transcribed titles and information is either present in a manuscript statements of responsibility and quotations in notes in 0G, 1C, 1E and 7A4.2)
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
and contemporary or original, but 0G1.2 Replace symbols or other matter that supplemented by the cataloger, as in the can’t be reproduced using available expansion of abbreviations; or present in a typographical facilities with a cataloger’s manuscript but of a later date; or not present description in square brackets. in a manuscript at all, but taken from some other source 0B1.1 (optional). If a published catalog [intentionally left blank] No DCRM(MSS) equivalent. description emanating from or recognized as authoritative by the holding institution already exists for a manuscript, use this alternate source of information as a substitute for the chief source of information 0B2. Title and statement of responsibility -- 0C. (cont.) Sources of information for formal Chief source of information titles and statements of responsibility are in ● Edition/version -- Chief source of 1C1.1 and 1E1 information ● Production, date, etc. -- Chief source of information ● Physical description -- Entire item ● Notes -- Any source Punctuation 0C. Punctuation 0D. Prescribed punctuation 0C. Precede each area, other than the first, by 0D. Precede each area, other than the first, by Rules for prescribed punctuation are almost a full stop, space, dash, space (. - ), unless the a period-space-dash-space (. -- ) unless the the same: AMREMM prescribed punctuation area begins a new paragraph. area begins a new paragraph. for preceding the first element of each area, Precede or enclose each occurrence of an and DCRM(MSS) specifies that paragraphs element of an area with the standard Precede or enclose each occurrence of an end with normal punctuation. punctuation prescribed at the head of each element of an area with standard punctuation chapter in these rules for that area.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
Precede and follow each mark of prescribed as indicated in the “prescribed punctuation” punctuation by a space, except for the comma, sections of these rules. full stop, opening and closing parentheses, Precede each mark of prescribed punctuation and opening and closing square brackets, by a space and follow it by a space, with the which are not preceded by a space; the following exceptions: the opening parenthesis and square bracket are comma, period, closing parenthesis, and not followed by a space. closing square bracket are not preceded by a Precede the first element of each area, other space; the opening parenthesis and opening than the first element of the first area or the square bracket are not followed by a space first element of an area beginning a new paragraph, by a full stop, space, dash, space. If an entire area or element is omitted from When that element is not present in a the bibliographic description (e.g., because it description, precede the first element that is is not present in the source), also omit its present by a full stop, space, dash, space corresponding prescribed punctuation. Do not instead of the prescribed punctuation for that use the mark of omission. element. End paragraphs with normal punctuation (usually the period). 0C. (cont.) Follow conventions of modern 0G3.1 Do not necessarily transcribe Both AMREMM and DCRM(MSS) follow punctuation when transcribing information punctuation as it appears in the source. rules of modern punctuation in transcriptions. from the source, adding mandatory ISBD Instead, follow modern punctuation DCRM(MS) provides more specific guidance marks of punctuation where applicable. Since conventions, using common sense in deciding on transcribing punctuation. See section on information is transcribed in a regularized whether to include the punctuation, omit it, transcription below. form (see 0F1, 0F3), do not reproduce replace it, or add punctuation not present. original punctuation that would be contrary to modern conventions of punctuation or that would result in double punctuation. 0C. (cont.) Indicate an interpolation by 0G6.1. Indicate an interpolation in the AMREMM and DCRM(MSS) follow similar enclosing it in square brackets. transcription or in a quoted note by enclosing practices for indicating interpolations it in square brackets. If transcribing text with conjectural interpolations. missing or obscured letters or words that can
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
Indicate a conjectural interpolation by adding be reconstructed with some certainty, include a question mark following the questionable these in the transcription, enclosing them in information. square brackets. Make an explanatory note if considered important.
0G6.2. Indicate each conjectural interpolation by adding a question mark after the interpolation in square brackets. Make a note to justify the interpolations, provide explanations, or offer tentative readings of indecipherable portions of text if considered important. 0C. (cont.) Indicate an omission with a mark 0G5.1. Indicate omissions in the transcription AMREMM indicates omissions or lacunae of omission, [...] or in a quoted note by using the mark of with [...] while DCRM(MSS) uses .... Indicate lacunae by enclosing the mark of omission. omission within square brackets ([ ]). 0C. (cont.) If the source includes the 0G3.5 Ellipses, square brackets, and AMREMM and DCRM(MSS) follow a punctuation marks … or [ ], replace them with virgules. Do not transcribe ellipses or square similar practice --- and () respectively. brackets when present in the source; replace them with a dash and parentheses respectively or omit them Description 0D. Levels of detail in description. IX.1.3 Encoding level: DCRM(MSS) minimal vs. full 0D. Two levels of detail are available: IX.1.3 Determine whether the description will summary and detailed be done at a minimal or full level. Each level has its particular uses with attendant advantages and disadvantages.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
0D. (cont.) Summary detail gives ready IX.1.3 (cont.) Minimal-level descriptions access to works or works with some account contain a title, date, and extent. of essential physical features... Required added entries are limited to place of production and uniform title. Analytic treatment of multiple works contained in an item may be given. 0D. (cont.) Detailed description provides IX.1.3 (cont.) Full-level descriptions provide more textual, paleographical, codicological, for a summary of content and contextual artistic, and other physical features. Separate information as appropriate, a complete analytic treatment of multiple works is physical description, and faithful transcription required when applicable. if a formal title is present. Some notes are required, but most are optional. 0D. (cont.) Elements to be included in all 0B1. Required elements. In AMREMM, place of production, physical manuscript records: Description must always include: description, and notes are required elements; ● Title and statement of responsibility ● Title in DCRM(MSS) only title, date, and extent ● Edition/version ● Date are. ● Place and date of production ● Extent ● Physical description ● Notes [intentionally left blank] 0B2. Basis of description. Base the No AMREMM equivalent. description on the item in hand. Language 0E. Language and script of the description. F. Language and writing system of the description 0E. Give information in the language and 0F1.2. Transcribe in the language of the AMREMM transcribes information in system of script of the source whenever manuscript: formal title, statement of language and writing system; DCRM(MSS) responsibility in language only.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
transcribed for: Title and statement of AMREMM includes the edition/version responsibility; edition/version. among the information that is to be transcribed in the manuscript’s language/script 0E. (cont.) Provide interpolations in square 0F1.2.1 Give interpolations to transcription in brackets using the language and script of the the language and system of the transcription. source when supplying missing or effaced If transcription is romanized, give texts or expanding abbreviations. interpolations according to the same romanization.
0E. (cont.) Replace symbols that cannot be 0G1.2. Symbols, etc. Replace symbols or reproduced with a cataloger’s description in other matter that cannot be reproduced using language of cataloging agency in square available typographical facilities with a brackets. cataloger’s description in square brackets. Make an explanatory note if necessary. 0E. (cont.) Render all other elements of the 0F1. General rule. description in the language of the cataloging 0F1.1 In general, create the description in the agency, except when transcribing text in a language and writing system of the cataloging note. agency. [intentionally left blank] Footnote to 0F: DCRM(MSS) uses the term No AMREMM equivalent “writing system” where other DCRM modules use the term “script.” In the context of manuscripts, “script” refers to the handwriting style, such as bastard secretary or Gothic cursive. [intentionally left blank] 0F2. Romanization No AMREMM equivalent 0F2.1. If it is not feasible to transcribe from the manuscript using a nonroman writing
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
system, romanize the text according to the ALA-LC Romanization Tables. Do not enclose the romanized text within square brackets. Make a note to indicate that the romanized text appears in a nonroman writing system in the manuscript (see 7B8.2). 0F2.2. Optionally, if it is feasible to transcribe from the manuscript using a nonroman writing system, also provide parallel romanized fields using the ALA-LC Romanization Tables. Do not enclose the romanized text within square brackets, but make a note indicating that the romanization does not appear on the source. Transcription
0F. Transcription and editorial practice. 0G. Transcription. 0F. A general transcription and editorial 0G. Transcription is required only for formal AMREMM provides much more instruction practiced established for the use in title and titles and statements of responsibility. on transcription. Both standards transcribe statement of responsibility and in the Transcribe information in the form and order formal titles and statements of responsibility. edition/version area. This general practice in which it is presented in the source, may also be used for transcribing and editing according to these rules, 0B-0G, unless source text in the notes or a more detailed otherwise instructed. transcription method may be adopted, depending on the institution. 0F.(cont.) Because of differences between [intentionally left blank] graphic (i.e., written) and typographic (i.e., printed) letter forms, transcription of manuscript text is not a straightforward process of transliteration, but frequently
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
requires numerous editorial decisions to be made. Consequently, the role of the cataloger in transcribing manuscript text is best conceived of as interpretation, whereas in the case of printed texts it is usually understood to be literal transcription. 0F1. Methods of transcription. Choice of [intentionally left blank] No DCRM(MSS) equivalent transcription method is guided by the purpose of the transcribed test. AMREMM method of transcription required for transcribing source text of title and responsibility. Any method of transcription deemed appropriate by the cataloging agency can be used for the notes. 0F1. (cont.) Pre-modern or irregular 0G3.1 Do not necessarily transcribe Both standards regularize punctuation. punctuation and word division are regularized punctuation as it appears in the source. in accord with modern conventions, but Instead, follow modern punctuation premodern or irregular spellings be conventions, using common sense in deciding maintained (0F5). whether to include the punctuation, omit it, replace it, or add punctuation not present.
[intentionally left blank] 0G3.2 Apostrophes. Transcribe apostrophes as found. Do not supply apostrophes not AMREMM, elsewhere, uses supplied present in the source. apostrophes and hyphens, not as punctuation 0G3.3 Hyphens. Transcribe hyphens used to but to indicate a conjectural expansion of an connect the constituent parts of compound abbreviation and missing letters (0F6 and words, normalizing their form as necessary. 0F8.) Do not supply hyphens not present in the source.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
0G3.4 Punctuation within Roman numerals. Do not transcribe punctuation appearing within roman numerals. Omit them without using the mark of omission. 0G3.6 Line endings. Do not transcribe a hyphen or other mark of punctuation used to connect a single word divided between two lines; transcribe it as a single word, ignoring the punctuation. If the function of the hyphen is in doubt, transcribe it. 0G3.7. Punctuation substituting for letters. Transcribe as hyphens any hyphens, dashes, or underscore characters used in the source as a substitute for one or more letters in a word or an entire word. If the values are known, provide in a note if important. 0F2. Letter forms 0G1. Letters, diacritics, and symbols 0F2.1 In general, transcribe pre-modern letter 0G1.1 Transcribe letters as they appear. Do DCRM(MSS) transcribes letters as they forms using their modern equivalents, but not add accents or other diacritical marks not appear; AMREMM specifies modern maintain language-specific characters, such as present in the source. For guidance on reading equivalents. It is doubtful that there would be Anglo-Saxon ð and þ. early modern handwriting, see Appendix G. much difference in actual practice. Transcribe ligatures by giving their Both transcribe ligatures as separate letters, component parts as separate letters. The In most languages, including Latin, transcribe except æ and œ. a ligature by giving its component letters ligature e-caudata (ę, e-cedilla, e cédillé, separately. Do not, however, separate the hooked- or looped-e) should similarly be component letters of æ in Anglo-Saxon; œ in rendered by separating its component parts French; or æ and œ in ancient or modern into a and e. Do not, however, separate the Scandinavian languages. component letters of the ligatured digraphs æ in Anglo-Saxon, œ in French, or æ and œ in
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
Scandinavian languages. Do not reproduce or distinguish between varying graphic forms of letters. 0F2.2. i/j and u/v in Latin texts 0G1.1 Transcribe letters as they appear. AMREMM normalizes i/j and u/v according a) Short - i / j-long. For Latin texts, to modern practice. transcribe both of the letter forms as either miniscule or majuscule i/I without exception . For vernacular texts, transcribed short-i and j-longa as miniscule or majuscule i/I or j/J according to their vocalic or consonantal values except where a text uses a short-i where j-longa would be expected. b) u/v. For Latin texts, transcribe u and v according to their modern vocalic or consonantal values in either miniscule or majuscule form depending on context. For vernacular texts, transcribe u, v, and vv as miniscule or majuscule u/U or v/V 0F3. Capitalization, accents, and other 0G2. Capitalization and conversion of case. Both standards follow the rules laid out in diacritical marks. Follow the rules for Convert letters to upper-case or lower-case AACR2 Appendix A. capitalization given in AACR2R App. A. Do according to the rules for capitalization in not reproduce original capitalization from the App. C and AACR2, App. A. Do not convert source that would be contrary to modern case when transcribing roman numerals. conventions of capitalization.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
0F3. (cont.) Do not add accents or other 0G1.1. Letters and diacritics. Transcribe Both standards specify that accents and diacritical marks not found in the source. letters as they appear. Do not add accents or diacritics should not be added. other diacritical marks not present in the source. 0F4. Word division, syllable separation, 0G4.2. Spacing between words. If spacing AMREMM adds spaces as necessary to and line fillers. Introduce word division as between words in the source is ambiguous, or distinguish between words; DCRM(MSS) necessary when transcribing text that does not lacking, include spaces in the transcription to adds them when the spacing is ambiguous, clearly distinguish between individual words. separate the words as needed. lacking, or as needed. 0G4.1. Spacing within words and numbers. In general, follow modern spacing conventions when transcribing from the source. 0F4. (cont.) Transcribe syllables of a word 0G4.1. (cont.) If a word is divided between that are separated within a line or between the end of one line and the beginning of the lines of text as a single word without next, transcribe it as a single word, ignoring indicating the discontinuity … Do not the line-break. indicate line divisions within a text or breaks across a page. 0F4. (cont.) Do not transcribe or otherwise 0G3.6. Line endings. Do not transcribe a attempt to represent line fillers. Do not hyphen or other mark of punctuation used to indicate line divisions within a text or breaks connect a single word divided between two across a page. lines; transcribe it as a single word, ignoring the punctuation. If the function of the hyphen is in doubt, transcribe it. [intentionally left blank] 0G4.4.1. Transcribe initials, initialisms, and No AMREMM equivalent.. acronyms without internal spaces, regardless of how they are presented in the source of information. [intentionally left blank] 0G4.4.2. Treat an abbreviation consisting of more than a single letter as if it were a distinct
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
word, separating it with a space from preceding and succeeding words or initials. [intentionally left blank] 0G4.4.3. If two or more distinct initialisms No AMREMM equivalent. (or sets of initials), acronyms, or abbreviations appear in juxtaposition, separate them with a space. [intentionally left blank] 0G5. Omissions No AMREMM equivalent. 0G5.2. Information not considered part of any area. Omit from the transcription, without using the mark of omission, grammatically separable information not considered part of any area. Such information may include pious invocations, quotations, devices, announcements, epigrams, mottoes, etc. If such information is a grammatically inseparable part of an area, however, transcribe it as such. If considered important, give the omitted information in a note. 0F5. Variantly and erroneously spelled 0G7. Misspellings, variant spellings, Both standards transcribe archaic, mistaken, words. Transcribe variantly and erroneously archaic spellings. If any of the first five or variant spellings as they appear, though spelled works as they appear in the source. Do words in the title proper contains a AMREMM dictates supplying missing letters not correct or normalize spellings that follow misspelling, variant spelling, archaic spelling, in square brackets and indicating other pre-modern orthographic conventions or that etc., provide additional title access for the irregularities with [sic]. are merely erratically or poorly spelled. corrected or modernized form of title proper. Maintain variant spelling conventions favored by the source (e.g., c/t, y/i, e/ae) when transcribing text and expanding abbreviations. If a misspelling consists of simply the omission of a letter, supply the missing letter in square brackets. If a word is spelled,
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
declined, or conjugated in a manner clearly owing to error, ignorance, or regional practice that is, it does not simply use a nonclassical spelling signal this irregularity by the use of [sic]. [intentionally left blank] 0G4.3 Variant spellings. Do not insert No AMREMM equivalent. spaces within single words that merely represent variant or archaic spellings.
0F6. Missing letters and illegible text. If the 0G6.4. Blank spaces. If transcribing text space for an enlarged or otherwise decorated containing a blank space intended to be filled or illuminated initial letter has been left blank in, as is common in forms and certain and no guide letter is present, supply the government documents, supply the word missing letter enclosed in square brackets. If a “blank” enclosed in square brackets. guide letter is present, supply the missing letter, but do not enclose it in square brackets.
0F6. (cont.) If other letters or text are illegible 0G3.3 Hyphens. Do not supply hyphens not As noted above, AMREMM is using the or missing, supply a hyphen for each of the present in the source. hyphen to supply missing text, while missing characters and enclose it in square DCRM(MSS) does not allow supplying brackets hyphens. [intentionally left blank] 0G6 Interpolations No AMREMM equivalent. 0G6.1. General rule. Indicate an interpolation in the transcription or in a quoted note by enclosing it in square brackets. If transcribing text with missing or obscured letters or words that can be reconstructed with some certainty, include these in the transcription, enclosing them in square brackets.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
[intentionally left blank] 0G6.3. Missing and illegible text. Illegible or No AMREMM equivalent. missing … owing to damage, trimming, or other causes, supply the missing characters in square brackets. If the original reading cannot be recovered … substitute the mark of omission, enclosed in square brackets ([...]). 0F.7 Manuscript corrections. If the text has [intentionally left blank] No DCRM(MSS) equivalent. been corrected in a contemporary hand, incorporate these corrections into the transcription without a signal. If corrected by a later hand, transcribe the original text as it appears without the corrections. If desired, corrections can be transcribed in a note using semi-diplomatic transcription. If there is doubt about whether the correction is contemporary, transcribed the uncorrected text. Abbreviations 0F8. Abbreviations 0G8. Abbreviations and contractions [intentionally left blank] 0G8.1. When transcribing from the manuscript, do not abbreviate any words not abbreviated in the source. Transcribe abbreviations as they appear. (some exceptions below) 0F8. Expand all suspensions, contractions, 0G8.2. If special marks of contraction are AMREMM and DCRM(MSS) expand nomina sacra, Tironian notes, symbols, and present in a formal title or statement of abbreviations and enclose the supplied letters other abbreviations to their full form, responsibility, expand affected words to their in square brackets. enclosing supplied letters or words in square full form and enclose supplied letters in
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
brackets. When a choice of spelling is square brackets. Make an explanatory note if In AMREMM, Tironian notes and available in expanding abbreviations, render considered important. If a contraction ampersands are supplied. In DCRM(MSS) the expansion in accordance with the spelling standing for an entire word appears in the while the Tironian et is supplied in square conventions used in the text if it is possible to source, supply instead the word itself brackets, the ampersand is transcribed. determine them with any consistency. enclosed in square brackets. Enclose each Do not reproduce Tironian notae, the expansion or supplied word in its own set of ampersand, or other symbols, but instead square brackets. supply in square brackets the letters or words Transcribe the Tironian sign (7) as a for which they stand in the language of the coordinating conjunction in the language of text. Transcribe each expansion or supplied the manuscript (e.g., “et” in Latin, “and” in word in its own set of square brackets English, “und” in German, “et” in French), enclosing it in square brackets. However, transcribe an ampersand as such, without enclosing it in square brackets.
0F8. (cont.) Where the expansion of 0G8.2 (cont.) If the meaning of a contraction Both supply questionable or conjectural abbreviation is conjectural, use a question is conjectural or unknown, apply the abbreviations in square brackets with a mark followed by the supplied letters or bracketing conventions given in 0G6.2. question mark. words within square brackets. 0G6.2 Conjectural and indecipherable text … supply question mark enclosed in square brackets for each indeterminable word. 0F8. (cont.) Where it is unclear how an 0G.3.2 Transcribe apostrophes as found. Do AMREMM uses the apostrophe to indicate abbreviation should be expanded, use an not supply apostrophes not present in the the presence of an abbreviation (when the apostrophe to indicate the presence of a mark source. cataloger is unable to expand it), while of abbreviation, regardless of the actual form DCRM(MSS) of the mark of abbreviation in the source text. 0F.7. Retain abbreviations for ordinal [intentionally left blank] No DCRM(MSS) equivalent numbers, units of weight, money, and measurement, and customarily abbreviated titles of address.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
[intentionally left blank] 0G9. Transcribe superscript and subscript No AMREMM equivalent characters on the line, unless the meaning would be affected. [intentionally left blank] 0E Descriptive conventions No AMREMM equivalent 0E2. Abbreviations and acronyms. Avoid abbreviations, except for terms of address. Spell out months, days, place names, and units.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
1. Title and Statement of Responsibility Preliminary Rules 1A. Preliminary rule 1A. Preliminary rule 1A1. Punctuation. Supply ISBD punctuation 1A1. Prescribed punctuation. Supply ISBD punctuation; do not enclose devised title in square brackets. 1A2. Sources of information 1A2. Sources of information 1A2.1 Take information recorded in this area 1A2. Source of information for the title is the from the chief source of information. Record in manuscript itself, accompanying housing, a note the location within the item where this reference sources, or appropriate external information was obtained. Enclose in square sources. Sources for the statement of brackets all information taken from alternate responsibility include the title page, colophon, sources of information. or caption 1A2.2. Omit elements from title and statement 1C2.1. If chief title is preceded or followed AMREMM omits, while DCRM(MSS) of responsibility that do not consist of other by other elements of information (not transposes other elements. title information or statement of responsibility grammatically inseparable), transpose them to (do not use mark of omission). appropriate areas of the description or give them in a note 1A2.2. (cont.) Omit from a title the numeration [intentionally left blank] No DCRM(MSS) equivalent of particular chapters, books, or other significant parts of a work when that work is present in its entirety or in more units than the title would accurately describe. If a work is not present in its entirety, indicate in a note the number of chapters, books, or other significant parts of the work that are present. 1A2.3. If more than one title and statement of 1C1. Formal title sources of information: A responsibility is present for the same work, formal title typically appears on the
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
transcribe the one that is clearly given manuscript’s title page, colophon, or caption. prominence over any other by its presence on a It may also appear elsewhere in the title page or in a colophon, or one that is manuscript or in accompanying material, distinguished by its type or grade of script, including housing, or in reference or other color of ink, or placement on the page, even sources. Use titles that appear on the though it may be shorter than a fuller form of a manuscript’s title page, colophon, or caption, title and statement of responsibility found in that order of preference. Absent a title in elsewhere. In the absence of a title and these locations, use titles that appear statement of responsibility distinguished by its elsewhere in the manuscript or in presence on a title page or in a colophon, or by accompanying material, including housing, or its prominence, transcribe the one that may be in reference or other sources, in that order of found in its fullest form. Give variant titles in a preference. Make a note on the source of the note for variations of title and statement of formal title (title page, docket title, reference responsibility (see 7B4), if these are not already source, etc.). recorded as part of a contents note. 1C1.1.2. Title from elsewhere in the In selecting between titles -- all other choices manuscript or from accompanying being equal -- give preference to one that material. includes a statement of responsibility. 1C1.1.2.1. General rule. If there is no title If the preceding criteria fail to produce a page, colophon, or caption, but a title appears satisfactory title and statement of responsibility, elsewhere in the manuscript or in the choice of title and statement of accompanying material, including housing, use judgment as to whether to treat it as a responsibility is at the discretion of the formal title or to devise a title cataloger.
[intentionally left blank] 1A3. Form and order of information. The No AMREMM equivalent instructions governing the form and order of information are based on whether the manuscript has a formal title or not. For
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
manuscripts lacking a formal title, see 1B (Devised title); for manuscripts with a formal title, see 1C (Formal title). Formal title/Title proper 1B. Title Proper 1C. Formal Title 1B1. Literary and other manuscripts. 1C1.1.1. Title from title page, colophon, or AMREMM would appear to be geared more Transcribe the title proper exactly to wording, caption. Transcribe formal title from title toward manuscripts with formal or proper order, and spelling, but not necessarily as to page, colophon, or caption. titles, while DCRM(MSS), toward punctuation and capitalization. The title proper 1C1.2. Transcription is required only for manuscripts with devised titles includes any alternative title, parallel title, other formal titles that appear on the title page, title information, statements of responsibility, colophon, or caption (for instances when or statements of edition/version that either transcription is not appropriate, see 1C1.2.1). precede or follow the chief title if these Use judgment as to whether to transcribe or elements constitute grammatically integral parts paraphrase titles from other sources. When of the title proper. .. transcribing the title, do so exactly as to wording, order, and spelling, but not necessarily as to punctuation or capitalization. Make a note when the title is transcribed. 1C1.3. Form and order of information. Transcribe the title in the form and order in which it is presented in the source. 1B.1.1 (cont.) The title proper includes any 1C2.1 Words considered part of the title alternative title, parallel title, other title proper. Title information preceding the chief information, statements of responsibility, or title is considered part of the title proper if it statements of edition/version that either precede is grammatically inseparable from the chief or follow the chief title--if these elements title. If the chief title is preceded or followed constitute grammatically integral parts of the in the source by other elements of title proper. information, transpose these elements to their
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
appropriate areas in the description (or give them in a note) unless case endings would be affected, the grammatical construction of the information would be disturbed or the text is otherwise grammatically inseparable from the title proper 1B.1. (cont.) Transcribe an alternative title as 1C2.2 Alternative title. Transcribe as part of AMREMM specifies that information in the part of the title proper. the title proper an alternative title from the alternative title should not be transposed or Do not transpose or rearrange information in title page, colophon, or caption rearranged. any way. 1B1.2. If the only title present on an item is one [intentionally left blank] No DCRM(MSS) equivalent that has been added subsequent to its creation, record this title in square brackets and provide a note indicating its nature and source. 1B1.3. If the title of an item is incorrect or 1C1.2.1.1. If the formal title is illegible, Similar rules for slightly different obsolete, and is not simply a variant form of the inaccurate, or misleading, devise a title (see circumstances and assumptions. N.b. title, give the correct or current title as the title 1B). Make a note indicating that the title is DCRM(MSS) devises a title; AMREMM puts proper enclosed in square brackets. Transcribe illegible if considered important. Record in a the corrected title in square brackets. in a note the incorrect or obsolete title note the inaccurate or misleading title information. appearing on the item if considered important. [intentionally left blank] 1C1.1.2. Title from elsewhere in the No AMREMM equivalent. manuscript or from accompanying material. 1C1.1.2.1. General rule. If there is no title page, colophon, or caption, but a title appears elsewhere in the manuscript or in accompanying material, including housing, use judgment as to whether to treat it as a formal title or to devise a title
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
[intentionally left blank] 1C1.1.2.2. If the manuscript bears several No AMREMM equivalent. different titles in different places, none of which is the title page, colophon, or caption, treat as a formal title the one that is the most prominent, the most descriptive of the work, or the earliest title if the others were clearly added later. [intentionally left blank] 1C2.1. Title proper with transposed No AMREMM equivalent. elements (Optional) If an element appearing before the title proper has been transposed, provide additional title access for the element or for the title inclusive of the preceding element. If the preceding element has not been transposed, so that the title proper includes it, provide additional title access for the title without the preceding element. [intentionally left blank] 1C1.2.1.2. Struck-out or partially illegible No AMREMM equivalent. formal title. Use judgment as to whether to use existing title or devise a title. [intentionally left blank] 1C2.2. Title proper inclusive of an No AMREMM equivalent. alternative title (Optional). Provide additional title access for an alternative title. [intentionally left blank] 1C2.3.1. Title proper with supplementary No AMREMM equivalent. or section title. If the title proper for a work that is supplementary to, or a section of, another work appears in two or more grammatically separable parts, transcribe the title of the main work first, followed by the
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
designation(s) and/or title(s) of the supplement(s) or section(s) in order of their dependence. If considered important, make a note to indicate the original position on the title page of any transposed elements. [intentionally left blank] 1C2.3.2.Part information not present. If the No AMREMM equivalent. part information does not appear on the item, but can be inferred (as in the case of some fragments, or works whose chapter or part divisions were named subsequent to the version in hand), supply the part information in a note if considered important. Do not supply the part information in the title. Supply an additional access point including the title and part information if considered important. [intentionally left blank] 1C2.4. Abridgments of the title proper. No AMREMM equivalent. Abridge a long title proper only if it can be done without loss of essential information. Do not omit any of the first five words. [intentionally left blank] 1C2.4.2. Abridgment of an alternative title. No AMREMM equivalent. If the title proper contains an alternative title, do not omit any of the first five words of the alternative title. 1B. Devised title DCRM(MSS) has a specific section devoted 1B.1. General rule. For manuscripts without to devising titles and provides more guidance a formal title (for formal titles, see 1C), on how to do so. devise a brief title, in the language and writing system of the cataloging agency, that
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
concisely characterizes the item being described while containing sufficient information to identify the item. Make a note that the title is devised if considered important. Do not enclose the devised title in square brackets. 1B1.4. If an item containing two or more works 1F. Manuscripts without a collective title AMREMM distinguishes between lacks a collective title, treat the title of the 1F1. Two or more untitled works. If a manuscripts of collected works in which one predominant or most significant work (as manuscript contains two or more untitled work predominates, and DCRM(MSS) does determined by the cataloger) as the title proper works and lacks a collective title, devise a not. for the whole item. Follow this title with the brief descriptive title in the language and DCRM(MSS) defaults to a devised title. mark of omission and enclosed in square writing system of the cataloging agency that DCRM(MSS) distinguishes between devising brackets (... [etc.]) and provide a complete list concisely characterizes the manuscript. Give titles for collected works by one of the works contained in the item in a contents more detailed information about the contents author/creator, and collected works by more note, including the work selected as the title in a note if considered important than one author/creator; and AMREMM has proper. Omit any statement of responsibility for 1F2. Two or more works with formal titles the same rules for both. the predominant or most significant work that 1F2.1. By same person or body is not a grammatically integral part of the title 1F2.1.1. If the manuscript has no collective DCRM(MSS) includes a rule for items with proper. Give appropriate added entry access title and the title page bears the titles of two multiple title pages. (see Appendix A2). or more individual works, other than supplementary matter, that are contained in the manuscript, transcribe the titles of the individual works in the order in which they appear on the title page. Separate the titles by a space-semicolon-space if the works are all by the same person(s) or body (bodies), even if the titles are linked by a connecting word or phrase.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
1B1.5. If an item containing two or more works lacks a collective title and no single work 1F2.1.2.Optionally, devise a collective title predominates or the works are of comparable (see 1F1). significance, describe the item as a unit. Give the titles of the predominant or most significant works (as determined by the cataloger), treating multiple sources of information as though they were a single source. Separate titles of works by the same author with a space-semicolon- space ... 1B1.5. (cont.) ... precede titles by different 1F2.2. By different persons or bodies. authors, except for the first, with a full stop 1F2.2.1. If the individual works are by followed by a single space. Provide a complete different persons or bodies (or different list of the works contained in the item in a combinations thereof), or the authorship is in contents note, including the works selected to doubt, precede each title other than the first describe the item as a unit. Give appropriate by a period and one space, unless a linking added entry access (see Appendix A2).If word or phrase is already present. Precede providing more than a summary description, each statement of responsibility by a space- make in addition a separate description for each slash-space. significant work. 1F2.2.2. Optionally, devise a collective title (see 1F1). 1F2.2.3. Optionally, make a separate description for each separately titled work, linking the separate descriptions with “With” notes (see 7B18) [intentionally left blank] 1F3. Multiple title pages. If the manuscript has no collective title and contains two or
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
more works, each with its own title page, devise a collective title (1F1). Record the title and statement of responsibility of each work in a note if considered important. [intentionally left blank] 1F4. One or more works not named on the No AMREMM equivalent (1B1.4-1B1.5 title page or colophon. If the manuscript has assume that works in a compilation have no collective title, and one or more works titles) contained in the manuscript is not named on the title page, colophon, or caption: ● devise a collective title (see 1F1) ● or transcribe the title and statement of responsibility for the first work, and name the other work(s) in a contents note (see 7B17) ● or make a separate description for each separately titled work, linking the separate descriptions with “With” notes (see 7B18). 1B1.6. If a work already possesses a title, but 1C1.1.3 Title from reference or other Both standards make similar provisions for no title can be established from the manuscript sources. If a title is not present or legible on supplying a title from reference sources; copy in hand, supply a title in the original the manuscript or in accompanying material, AMREMM also permits supplying a title language by which the work (other than one but a title is readily available from reference from other print editions and manuscript written in classical Greek or by a post-classical sources, treat that title as a formal title. Make copies. or Byzantine writer in Greek, or one not a note that the title is not present on the otherwise written in a Greek or roman script, as manuscript. Additionally, make a note giving defined in AACR2R 25.4B-25.4C) is identified the source of the title. in the following order of preference:
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
● modern reference sources ● modern printed editions ● early printed editions ● other manuscript copies of the work [intentionally left blank] 1B1.3. Creator names in devised titles. No AMREMM equivalent Formulate creator names using the most succinct form of the name that identifies the person, family, or corporate body, including any disambiguating information, if available. If considered important, provide further explanation concerning the creator’s name in a note (see 7B5). 1B2. Letters, legal documents, and archival 1B2. Correspondence (including petitions) records 1B2.1. Letters, legal documents and archival 1B2.1. Required components: Both standards devise titles for letters and records: supplied title includes date of content ● Form correspondence similarly, but DCRM(MSS) (not date of production), given as: year, month, ● Creators and petitioners if known places date at the end of the devised title. day ● Recipients AMREMM encloses title in square brackets. 1B2.2. Single letters: title includes: “Letter,” ● Dates of intellectual creation. date of writing, place of writing, name of John Cournos letter to Alfred Kreymborg, addressee, place to which letter is addressed. 1921 June 6 Enclose the whole in square brackets 1B2.2 Optional to include: [Letter, 1533 Sept. 26, Waltham Abbey to ● creator’s address or place of writing Arthur Plantagenet, Lord Lisle, Calais] ● recipient’s address ● subject or other distinguishing feature of the material. 1B2.2. (cont.) Collections of letters lacking a [intentionally left blank] No DCRM(MSS) equivalent title: supplied title includes “Letters” and as
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
many of the above title elements as apply to whole collection; must include inclusive dates; may also include bulk dates 1B2.3. Legal documents and archival records 1B3. Legal and administrative documents Both standards supply titles from similar (wills, deeds, etc.): supplied title includes type 1B3.1. The following are required information but in different order. of document, date of execution, principal party components: DCRM(MSS) provides for optional or parties involved, and occasion. Enclose the ● Form of document (bond, contract, components. whole in square brackets. deed, etc.) ● Major parties and/or jurisdiction(s), if known ● Date(s) of intellectual creation, if known 1B3.2. Optional title components: occasion; place of intellectual creation. 1B2.3. (cont.) For unbound collections of [intentionally left blank] No DCRM(MSS) equivalent. single legal documents and archival records, supply a title consisting of a word or brief phrase characterizing the type of documents making up the collection and as many of the title elements given above for a single legal document or archival record as is consistent with the collection as a whole, but giving at least the extreme range of dates covered by the material. When appropriate, also include as part of the supplied title bulk dates for the material. Enclose bulk dates in parentheses with the designation bulk and following the inclusive dates. 1B2.3. (cont.) For bound collections of [intentionally left blank] No DCRM(MSS) equivalent. compiled legal documents and archival records,
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
supply a title consisting of a word or phrase characterizing either the type of collection itself or the type of documents making up the collection and as many of the title elements given above for a single legal document or archival record as is consistent with the collection as a whole, but giving at least the extreme range of dates covered by the material. When appropriate, also include as part of the supplied title bulk dates for the material. Enclose bulk dates in parentheses with the designation bulk and following the inclusive dates. [intentionally left blank] 1B4. Sermons, speeches, lectures, etc. No AMREMM equivalents. 1B4.1. The following are required components: devised title includes form, and creator if known. 1B4.2. Optional title components: subject, place of delivery, date of delivery [intentionally left blank] 1B5. Verse without formal title: use as title No AMREMM equivalent. the first line of text Material type 1C. General material designation (optional 1D. Material Type addition) 1C. Supply the appropriate general material 1D1. For bibliographic records, material type DCRM(MSS) provides much more detailed designation. follows all other title information, but instructions here. precedes the statement of responsibility, if one exists.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
Use some or all of the following components as appropriate, but always include at least the method of production and, if applicable, the method of reproduction, whether it be manuscript, mechanical, photographic, or digital: ● method of production ● method of reproduction ● autograph status ● status of manuscript within creative process ● indication of the state of completeness or intactness 1D2. Method of production. Record the method of production of the item. Reserve the term “manuscript” for handwritten items. 1D3. Method of reproduction. Record the method of manuscript, mechanical, photographic, or digital reproduction, if applicable. If the item is a handwritten or typewritten copy, include the word “copy” as part of the material type element. 1D4 Autograph status. Record that the manuscript is in the creator’s hand using the term “autograph.” 2B Edition/ version statement. Transcribe 1D5. Status of manuscript with the creative DCRM (MSS) does not use edition area. explicit statement of edition or version from process. Record the particular stage in item. creative process if known
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
1D. Parallel titles [intentionally left blank] No DCRM(MSS) equivalents (the editorial team found no use cases) 1D1. Parallel title, grammatically integral to title information: transcribe as part of title proper 1D2. Parallel title, not grammatically integral to [intentionally left blank] title information: transcribe in a note for variations of title Other title information 1E. Other title information 1C3. Other title information 1E1. Transcribe all other title information 1C3.1.1. Transcribe other title information DCRM(MSS) allows for the abridgment of following the chief title; do not abridge it following the order indicated by the sequence other title information; AMREMM does not. or layout of the source 1C3.3. Optionally, if other title information is very long and can be abridged without loss of essential information, abridge it, using “…” 1E2. If title proper needs explaining, supply a [intentionally left blank] No DCRM(MSS) equivalent. brief addition in square brackets as other title information [intentionally left blank] 1C3.1.2. If other title information precedes No AMREMM equivalent. title proper on the source, transpose it to its required position unless a grammatically inseparable part of title proper. [intentionally left blank] 1C3.1.2.2. If other title information appears No AMREMM equivalent. on the source before or after the text associated with another area of the description, transpose it to title/SOR area
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
unless it’s a grammatically inseparable part of the other area. [intentionally left blank] 1C3.2. Other title information beginning No AMREMM equivalent. with prepositions, conjunctions, etc. 1C3.2.1. Transcribe title information following the title proper as other title info, even if it begins with a preposition, conjunction, prepositional phrase, etc. [intentionally left blank] 1C3.2.2. If this other title information appears No AMREMM equivalent. after statement of responsibility, treat it as a subsequent statement of responsibility [intentionally left blank] 1C3.3. Abridgment of other title No AMREMM equivalent. information. Optionally, if other title information is very lengthy and can be abridged without loss of essential information, omit less important words or phrases, using the mark of omission. If considered important, transcribe omitted words or phrases in a note. [intentionally left blank] 1C3.4. If other title information includes a No AMREMM equivalent. statement of responsibility or an element belonging to another area, and the element is a grammatically inseparable part of other title info, transcribe it as other title info. Statements of responsibility 1F. Statements of responsibility 1E. Statements of responsibility 1F1. Transcribe explicit statement of 1E2.1. Transcribe statements of responsibility responsibility appearing in conjunction with, or in the form and order in which they appear
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
grammatically integral to, title information, as 1E1. Transcribe statement of responsibility it appears in the source. when it appears with formal title on title page, If no explicit statement of responsibility, don’t colophon, or caption construct or devise one. 1E14. Do not supply a statement of Do not abridge statement of responsibility. responsibility if lacking. If statement of Record scribes, notaries, witnesses, etc. in a responsibility appears in a place other than the note, title page, colophon, or caption, or comes from reference sources, record it in a note, indicating its location or source. 1F2. If the only statement of responsibility is 1E2.3. If statement of responsibility is struck one that was added later (absent from chief out, written in a different or later hand than source of info, or in a later script), transcribe it rest of manuscript, or written in a different in square brackets and make a note describing medium (e.g. pencil), make a note. its nature and source 1F3. If statement of responsibility precedes title 1E3. If a statement of responsibility precedes Same in both standards proper and is not grammatically integral to it, the formal title in the source, transpose it to transpose it to its required position. Do not use its required position unless it is a the mark of omission. Indicate the original grammatically inseparable part of the title position of the statement of responsibility in a proper according to one or more of the note. conditions enumerated in 1C2.1. When transposing the statement of responsibility, do not use the mark of omission. Make a note to indicate the original position of transposed elements in the source if considered important. 1F4. If more than one statement of 1E6. If there are two or more statements of DCRM(MSS) has more provisions for responsibility appears in conjunction with title, responsibility, transcribe them in order from multiple statements of responsibility and transcribe them in the order in which they title page, colophon, or caption.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
appear; if a subsequent statement of If sequence or layout is ambiguous or circumstances in which multiple statements of responsibility appears elsewhere, transcribe it insufficient to determine the order, transcribe responsibility might appear. in a note. statements of responsibility in the order that makes the most sense. 1E4.1. If a single statement of responsibility contains names of two or more persons or corporate bodies, transcribe all in a single statement, whether they perform the same or different functions. 1E4.1. If a single statement of responsibility contains names of two or more persons or corporate bodies, transcribe all in a single statement, whether they perform the same or different functions. 1E4.2. If respondent and praeses are given in a statement of responsibility for an academic disputation, treat both names and functions as part of a single SOR (unless grammatically inseparable from title or other title information) 1E5. When a single statement of responsibility names more than one person/corporate body performing the same function, transcribe all the names. Optionally, if names are too numerous to list all, omit all after the third one. Indicate omission with “…”; add phrase in square
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
brackets to indicate nature and extent of omission 1F5. Include all titles of nobility, address, 1E7. Terms of address, etc., in statements AMREMM includes titles and qualifications honor, distinction, reverence, office, of responsibility. Include titles and in the statement of responsibility; membership in societies, and other abbreviations of titles of nobility, address, DCRM(MSS) includes only titles unless the qualifications accompanying names in honor, and distinction that appear with names qualifications are necessary. statement of responsibility in statements of responsibility. 1E8. Qualifications in statements of responsibility. Qualifications such as initials indicating membership in societies, academic degrees, and statements of positions held may be omitted from the statement of responsibility, using the mark of omission, unless they are necessary grammatically, for identifying the person or useful for context, or the statement of responsibility represents the author only by a pseudonym, descriptive phrase, or non-alphabetic symbols. 1F6. If an explicit statement of responsibility is [intentionally left blank] No DCRM(MSS) equivalent incorrect or incomplete, and not just a variant form of author’s name, give the correct or current attribution in [ ]; transcribe the incorrect/obsolete SOR in a note. [intentionally left blank] 1E2.2. If name of person in statement of No AMREMM equivalent. responsibility is abbreviated, unclear, or a pseudonym, make explanatory note.
[intentionally left blank] 1E2.4. If statement of responsibility is partly No AMREMM equivalent. or wholly illegible, transcribe legible part;
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
indicate lacunae with “…”; make a note explaining omissions. [intentionally left blank] 1E9. If the relationship between the title and No AMREMM equivalent. the person or body named in a statement of responsibility is unclear, make explanatory note. [intentionally left blank] 1E10. Treat a noun or noun phrase appearing No AMREMM equivalent. in conjunction with statement of responsibility as other title information if it indicates the nature of the material; if in doubt, treat noun or noun phrase as part of the statement of responsibility. [intentionally left blank] 1E11. Treat a statement of responsibility as No AMREMM equivalent. such even if no person or body is explicitly named in it (e.g. “translated out of the Latten”). [intentionally left blank] 1E12. If statement of responsibility contains No AMREMM equivalent. grammatically inseparable information belonging to another area, transcribe it as part of the statement of responsibility.
[intentionally left blank] 1E13. Transcribe information about notes, No AMREMM equivalent. appendixes, etc. in the order indicated by the sequence on title page. If such information appears before the statement of responsibility on title page, transcribe it as other title information.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
7B18. Record the byname of an item (that is, 1B6. Manuscript known by a byname in In AMREMM the byname is recorded in a the popular name or names by which an item is reference or other sources: if byname is note and might be used for the uniform title, or has been familiarly known, other than by the readily available, use it as the title; if it’s but in DCRM(MSS) it can be used for the title title of the work it contains or by its shelfmark). misleading or not sufficiently descriptive, proper. If a manuscript possesses a popular name, this devise a title instead byname or one of its bynames will also usually be the uniform title for the manuscript (see AACR2R 25.13).
2. Edition/Version Area (not in DCRM(MSS)
3. Materials specific details area (not in AMREMM or DCRM(MSS))
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
4. Place and date of production
Preliminary rules
4A Preliminary rules 4A Preliminary rule
4A1. Scope. 4A.0 Scope
4A1. Use this area for literary manuscripts 4A0.1. General rule. Use this area to record AMREMM uses this area for literary only. Do not record the place and date of the place of production, if known, and date of manuscripts only, while DCRM(MSS) uses it production for letters, legal documents, or production. Record the place and/or date of for all manuscripts, whether or not the place archival records here, as this information is production in this area even if a place and/or and date of creation has been included in the already given as an element of the supplied date of intellectual creation is also recorded in supplied title. title for such items (see 1B2). the title area (see 1B1-1B4).
4A2. Punctuation. For instructions on the 4A1. Prescribed punctuation. For DCRM(MSS) includes punctuation for use of spaces before and after prescribed instructions on the use of spaces before and adding subsequent places of production, but punctuation, see 0C. after prescribed punctuation, see 0D. otherwise there the standards are similar. Precede this area by a full stop, space, dash, Precede this area by a period-space-dash- space. space. Precede the date of production by a comma. Precede a second or subsequently named place of production by a semicolon. Precede the date of production by a comma.
4A3. Sources of information. Take 4A2. Sources of information. Take AMREMM specifies and prioritizes sources information recorded in this area from the information recorded in this area from any of information; DCRM(MSS) takes chief source of information. Seek information source, including the manuscript itself, the information from any source. Both have the first from a colophon or other explicit manuscript’s housing or accompanying source of information recorded in a note, but statement of place or date of production. materials, reference sources, or appropriate in DCRM(MSS) this is done if important. Lacking such an explicit statement, derive external sources. Record in a note the source
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
information from any available localizable or of this information and/or the evidence on AMREMM encloses information from datable textual or physical evidence (e.g., which it is based if considered important. alternate sources in square brackets. content, script, decoration, etc.). Record in a note the location within an item from which this information is obtained and the features on which it is based. If information is obtained from an alternate source of information, such as a reference work, published article, or scholarly communication, etc., record this source in a note. Enclose all information taken from alternate sources of information in square brackets.
4A3. (cont.) If an item is an exact microform, 4A0.2 Reproductions. If the item is a photographic, or electronic reproduction, mechanical, photographic, or digital record information in this area appropriate to reproduction of a manuscript, record in this the original. Give details relating to the area the place of reproduction, if known, and reproduction in a note. date of reproduction. Make a note on the place and date of production of the original, if known.
[intentionally left blank] 4A0.3. Copies of printed works. For No AMREMM equivalent statements found in a manuscript that refer to the publication, printing, or manufacture of a printed work of which the manuscript is a copy, see 7B7.
4B. General rules
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
4B1. Record information in this area relating 4A0.1. Use this area to record the place of to the place and date of production of an item. production, if known, and date of production.
4B2. Supply place and date of production 4B1.1. Give the place of production as AMREMM supplies place in square brackets information in this area as accurately as accurately and fully as available evidence but transcribes under certain circumstances available evidence will permit and enclose permits. For sources of information, see 4A2. 4C1. Where AMREMM has 4B2 and 4C1, this information in square brackets. Assume that the place of production is the DCRM(MSS) has only 4B1.1. The latter Transcribe information in this area only as same as the place of intellectual creation, always supplies modern place name but not in permitted in the specific rules below, in unless there is reason to suspect otherwise. (If square brackets. which case do not enclose this information in they differ, see 4B3.) Use a modern form, if square brackets. If an item contains an there is one, of the place name in the language explicit statement of place or date of of the cataloging agency, and include the production, such as a colophon, transcribe name of the larger jurisdiction (e.g., country, this statement in a note for origin (see 7B14). state, or similar designation), if considered necessary for identification. Do not abbreviate names of jurisdictions. Transcribe the place name as it appears on the item in a note if considered important.
4B3. If an item purports to have been 4B4. Fictitious or incorrect places of Standards have similar rules. produced in or at an incorrect or fictitious production. If the place of production place and/or date, supply only a corrected appearing on the manuscript is known to be place and/or date of production in this area. fictitious or incorrect, and the actual place of Transcribe an incorrect or fictitious production is known, supply the actual place attribution in a note for origin (see 7B14). of production in this element. Record in a note the place given in the manuscript, along with the basis of the correction.
Place or places of production
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
4C. Place of Production 4B. Place of production
4C1. Supply a place of production for an 4B1.1. Give the place of production as In AMREMM, place of production in its item, as accurately as available evidence will accurately and fully as available evidence modern form is supplied in square brackets, allow, giving the place, region, or country of permits. For sources of information, see 4A2. unless the original form of the place as it production in its modern form enclosed in Assume that the place of production is the appears in the item corresponds to its modern square brackets. Do not give cardinal same as the place of intellectual creation, form in the language of the cataloging locations (e.g., southern Germany) in this unless there is reason to suspect otherwise. (If agency, then AMREMM transcribes the area. Provide details of localization in a note they differ, see 4B3.) Use a modern form, if original without square brackets. Information for origin (see 7B14). there is one, of the place name in the language about place of production is transcribed in a of the cataloging agency, and include the note for origin. If the original form of the place of production name of the larger jurisdiction (e.g., country, In DCRM(MSS), place of production is as it appears in the item corresponds to the state, or similar designation), if considered supplied in its modern form but square modern form of the name in the language of necessary for identification. Do not abbreviate brackets are not used. It transcribes the place the cataloging agency, transcribe the original names of jurisdictions. Transcribe the place name in a note, if the cataloger deems it form and omit the use of square brackets. If name as it appears on the item in a note if important. the place of production has no modern form considered important. or no longer exists, transcribe the original form from the source in the nominative or oblique case and omit the use of square brackets. Transcribe any explicit place of production information appearing in the item in a note for origin (see 7B14).
[intentionally left blank] 4B1.2 Record neighborhoods, street names No AMREMM equivalent and numbers, and/or house and building names if considered important. Optionally, record this information in a note instead if considered important
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
[intentionally left blank] 4B3. Place of production different from No AMREMM equivalent place of intellectual creation. If the place of production is known, or strongly suspected, to be different from the place of intellectual creation, record the place of production in this area. (For instances when the place of intellectual creation is recorded as part of the title element, see 1B1-1B4.)
4C2. If the attribution of a place of 4B5. Place of production uncertain or Both standards supply probable place of production is conjectural or uncertain, follow unknown production with a question mark. the place of production with a question mark. AMREMM omits the place of production if 4B5.1. If the place of production is uncertain, no place or probable place of production can If no place or probable place of production supply the name of the probable place of be determined; DCRM(MSS) uses the phrase can be determined, omit the place of production with a question mark, using a “Place not identified.” production element for this area. modern form, if there is one, of the name in the language of the cataloging agency.
4B5.2. If the reason for supplying the place of production is not apparent from the rest of the description, make a note to indicate the source of the information.
4B5.3. If no place of physical production can be determined, use the phrase “Place not identified.”
4C3. If an item is a composite codex 4B2. Multiple places of production. If the Where there are multiple places of manuscript whose constituent parts were manuscript was produced in more than one production, AMREMM assumes this will be produced in different localities, record for the place (e.g., a travel diary or ship’s log), use for a composite codex, and records widest
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
place of production of the host item the judgment as to whether to record: the widest geographical area, unless there is no common widest geographical area common to all parts. shared geographical area or all the places of country and then the information is not If the constituent parts do not share at least a production or some of the places of recorded in this area, but listed in a note. common country of production, do not record production, supplying a phrase in the AMREMM assumes analytic entries for a place of production in this area, but instead language and writing system of the cataloging individual items. list the separate places of production in a agency to convey the omission. DCRM(MSS) assumes multiple places of note. If the constituent parts are separately Make a note listing additional places of production of one item over time; advises analyzed, supply the place of production in production if considered important using judgment about what to record. Uses a this area for each as appropriate. Give the note to list additional places of production if place at which a composite codex manuscript important. was created, if this can be ascertained, in a note for origin (see 7B14).
Date or dates of production
4D. Date of Production 4C. Date of Production
4D1. Supply a date of production for an item 4C1. General rule. Record the date(s) of DCRM(MSS) provides more instruction as accurately as available evidence will allow, production of the manuscript in this element. about how to supply the date. Both convert giving the date expressed in Arabic numerals Record the date(s) as fully as possible, in the date to modern form in this area. as a year or range of years. Convert all dating language of the cataloging agency, in the AMREMM transcribes date of production in systems to the New Style of the Gregorian order: year, month, day. For sources of note; DCRM(MSS) transcribes it in a note if calendar (see 1B2.1). information, see 4A2. Assume that the date of it is considered important. production is the same as the date of AMREMM converts dates into the new style If the original form of the date as it appears in intellectual creation, unless there is reason to Gregorian calendar, DCRM(MSS) does not. the item already corresponds to the Arabic suspect otherwise. DCRM(MSS) supplies additional instruction numeral, New Style Gregorian form, for calendars that do not begin on Jan. 1. transcribe the original form and omit the use 4C2. Manuscripts containing date(s) of of square brackets. Transcribe any explicit production. Normalize the date(s) of production appearing on the manuscript by
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
date of production information appearing in expanding contracted years, converting the item in a note for origin (see 7B14). ordinal to cardinal numbers, and converting Roman to Arabic numerals. Do not abbreviate months. Do not include words and phrases such as “in the year” and “anno” or days of the week as part of this element. Transcribe dates as they appear in the manuscript in a note if considered important. If the month and/or day appears on the manuscript but the year does not, record the month and/or day. Supply a conjectural year or range of years (see 4C4-4C5).
4C2.5.1. Julian/Old Style and Gregorian/New Style dates. If a manuscript has a single date identified as either Julian/Old Style (“O.S.”) or Gregorian/New Style (“N.S.”), record the date in the normalized form according to 4C1-4C2. Do not convert Old Style to New Style dates. , 1691 August 28 Optional note: date appears as "Aug.t 28, 1691 N.S." If, however, the manuscript is double-dated to reflect both Julian/Old Style and Gregorian/New Style, record both dates, separated by a slash, in the normalized form, with the Julian/Old Style date first. Transcribe the date in a note if considered important.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
4C2.5.2.Calendars with start dates other than January 1. If the year of production is based on a calendar in which the new year begins on any day other than January 1, such as Lady Day (the feast of the Annunciation, March 25), double-date the year to reflect both the year as it appears on the item and the year according to the modern calendar, if different. Separate the two years by a slash. In case of doubt, only record the year found on the manuscript. Transcribe the date in a note if considered important.
[intentionally left blank] 4C2.1. Time of day. Do not include time of No AMREMM equivalent. day, unless it serves to distinguish between two or more manuscripts with the same title and date. Otherwise, record time of day in a note if considered important.
[intentionally left blank] 4C2.2. If the date is grammatically No AMREMM equivalent. inseparable from information transcribed as part of a formal title, according to one or more of the conditions enumerated in 1C2.1, transcribe it within that element and also record it in the date element, as prescribed in 4C1-4C2.
[intentionally left blank] 4C2.3. Date of production differs from date No AMREMM equivalent. of intellectual creation. If the date of production differs from the date of intellectual
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
creation, record the date of production as part of the date element. For devised titles, include the date of intellectual creation as part of the devised title if considered important. The date of intellectual creation is required in the devised title for correspondence and for legal and administrative documents (see 1B2-1B3). For formal titles, record the date of intellectual creation in a note if considered important.
[intentionally left blank] 4C2.6. Dates in other calendar systems. If No AMREMM equivalent. the date of production is based on a calendar other than the Julian or Gregorian calendar, convert it to the Gregorian calendar and record the date according to 4C1-4C2. Transcribe the date in a note if considered important. These calendars include, but are not limited to: a) Regnal calendars b) Hebrew calendar c) French Revolutionary calendar d) Islamic calendar
[intentionally left blank] 4C2.7. Dates that are illegible, ambiguous, No AMREMM equivalent. indecipherable, or otherwise difficult to interpret. If the date of production is difficult to interpret for any reason, supply a date according to 4C4-4C5.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
4D2. If no exact date can be established for an 4C4. Manuscripts not containing date(s) of AMREMM assumes that the cataloger will item, supply an approximate, probable, or production exercise more judgment in assigning the date. known date or range of dates based upon DCRM(MSS) specifies that dates can be localizable or datable textual or physical 4C4.1. If the date(s) of production does not supplied by any reliable information evidence (e.g., content, script, decoration, appear on the manuscript, supply a date. A available. etc.). In assigning a date, particularly on the supplied date must include a year or a range AMREMM uses square brackets for supplied basis of physical evidence, the difference of years. dates and date ranges. between an approximate or probable date and a known date depends upon the judgment of 4C4.2. Supply a date based on any reliable the cataloger. information available. Indicate the basis for Assign dates following the paradigm set out the date in a note if considered important. below: 4C4.3. If the only date(s) appearing on the [1215?]probable exact date manuscript bear(s) no relationship to the date [ca. 1350]approximate date of production, do not record these dates in the [ca. 1350?]probable approximate date date element. Instead, supply a date. [1415?-1460]date range between a probable Transcribe these other dates in a note if terminus ante quem and a known terminus considered important. post quem [112-]known decade 4C5. Patterns for supplying a conjectural [112-?]probable decade date. Supply a conjectural date or period of [11--]known century production according to one of the patterns [11--?]probable century shown in the examples below. Give any [between 11-- and 12--]date range within explanation in a note if considered important. known centuries ,1845? January 11 -- year probable, month [between 11--? and 12--?]date range within and day certain probable centuries , 1736? -- probable date [between 1100 and 1125] known date range , circa 1849 -- approximate date … , circa 1703? -- probable approximate date N.b. Use of brackets , not before 1875 -- initial date
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
, not after 1916 July 16 -- terminal date , 1814 or 1815 -- one year or the other , between 1618 and 1648 -- span certain , between 1711? and 1749 -- span beginning probable , between 1711 and 1749? -- span end probable , between circa 1750 and circa 1810 -- span approximate , 1890s -- decade certain , 1730s? -- decade probable , between 1900 and 1909 -- first decade of century , 1800s -- century certain , 1700s? -- century probable
4C6. If no date or approximate date can be established If no date or approximate date can be established (i.e., if even the century is uncertain), use “undated” or “date unknown.”
4D3. If an item is a composite codex 4C3. Inclusive and bulk dates AMREMM rule specifically for composite manuscript whose constituent parts were codex; DCRM(MSS)’s rule includes other produced at different times, record for the 4C3.1. General rule. If a manuscript was kinds of manuscripts created over time. date of production of the host item the widest created over a period of time, whether it is a Rules about recording dates are similar. range of dates of production for all parts. If single sheet, multiple sheets, volume, multiple AMREMM includes a provision for providing the constituent parts are separately analyzed, volumes or parts, record the first date of a date for the composite’s creation. record the date of production in this area for intellectual creation and the last date of DCRM(MSS) includes a rule about uncertain each as appropriate. Give the date at which a intellectual creation and connect them with a inclusive dates. composite codex manuscript was created, if hyphen.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
this can be ascertained, in a note for origin (see 7B14). 4C3.2. Dates absent or uncertain. If a manuscript was created over a period of time, but the first date of intellectual creation, the last date of intellectual creation, or both, are not present on the manuscript, or are uncertain, follow the rules for supplied dates in 4C4-4C5 and connect the dates with a hyphen.
[intentionally left blank] 4C3.3. Bulk dates. If a manuscript was No AMREMM equivalent. created over a period of time, but the bulk of the manuscript was created over only part of the time, also include the bulk dates if considered important.
[intentionally left blank] 4C3.4. Dates of parts, volumes, etc. Record No AMREMM equivalent. the date(s) of each volume, part, etc., in a note if considered important.
[intentionally left blank] 4C7. Copyright dates No AMREMM equivalent.
4C7.1. If a copyright date appears on a manuscript and reflects the date of production, record it as the date according to 4C1-4C2. Make a note that the production date is derived from the copyright date if considered important.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
[intentionally left blank] 4C7.2. If the copyright date appearing on a No AMREMM equivalent. manuscript does not reflect the date of production, do not record it as the date. Instead, follow the rules for supplied dates in 4C4-4C5.
[intentionally left blank] 4C7.3. If the copyright date appearing on a No AMREMM equivalent. manuscript reflects the date of intellectual creation of a printed work of which the manuscript is a copy, record that date in a note. Follow the rules in 4C1-4C2 for recording the date(s) of production of the manuscript.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
5. Physical description
Preliminary rules
5A. Preliminary rule 5A. Preliminary rule
5A1. Punctuation. Precede this area with a 5A1. Prescribed punctuation. Precede this Standards are the same. full stop, space, dash, space or start a new area by a period-space-dash-space or start a paragraph new paragraph Precede details of illustration or illumination Precede a statement on other physical details by a colon by a colon Precede dimensions by a semicolon Precede the size by a semicolon. Precede each statement of accompanying Precede a statement of accompanying materials by a plus sign. material by a plus sign. Enclose physical details of accompanying Enclose physical details of accompanying materials in parentheses. material in parentheses.
5A2. Sources of information. Take 5A2. Sources of information. Take AMREMM takes information only from the information recorded in this area from the information for this area from the manuscript manuscript; DCRM(MSS) from housing, item itself. itself, reliable information from the accompanying materials, or reference sources manuscript’s housing or accompanying in addition to the manuscript. materials, or reference sources concerning the manuscript.
5A3. If an item is an exact microform, [intentionally left blank] No DCRM(MSS) equivalent photographic, or electronic reproduction, record information in this area appropriate to the original. Give details relating to the reproduction in a note.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
[intentionally left blank] 5A3. Basis of the physical description. Describe the current extent and condition of the manuscript (and housing, if including it in the description). Make a note about its previous extent and/or condition if considered important.
Extent
5B. Extent 5B. Extent
5B1. Record the total extent of an item 5B1. General rule. Record the extent in AMREMM provides more guidance on item according to the terminology suggested by the terms of the number of physical units, types. physical format of the manuscript. Describe a choosing a term from the list: items, volumes, manuscript in terms of leaves, regardless of rolls, microfilm reels, microfiche. whether the manuscript is foliated or paginated. Describe a manuscript consisting of only two conjugate leaves as a bifolium. Describe a manuscript consisting of only a single leaf as a leaf. Describe all other arrangements in terms of leaves, regardless of conjugacy. Describe individual, unbound single- or multiple-sheet legal documents in terms of sheets. Describe items in the form of a roll in terms of a roll. For parchment and paper rolls, describe and give the number of their constituent parts in
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
terms of membranes for parchment rolls or in terms of sheets for paper rolls, enclosing in parentheses immediately following the specific material designation for the roll itself. Describe manuscript fragments in terms of items.
5B2. Give the total number of leaves, sheets, 5B2. Fuller extent (optional) This is optional in DCRM(MSS) or membranes making up an item, followed DCRM(MSS) records foliation and by appropriate specific material designation. 5B2.1. Leaves, pages, etc. If considered pagination as it appears in the manuscript. Count all leaves or sheets before recording important, record in parentheses the exact AMREMM describes extent independently of the extent. total number of leaves, pages, etc. how the manuscript describes its extent. Count all leaves or sheets before recording Optionally, provide an approximate total the extent number of leaves, pages, etc., preceding the Do not rely upon any numeration present in a number with the word “approximately.” manuscript, whether original or added later; For laid in materials see 5E. instead, supply this information as part of the If the manuscript is foliated or paginated note for the statement of collation. throughout, record its extent accordingly in terms of leaves or pages. If the manuscript contains sequences of both leaves and pages, or is unnumbered, record the extent in terms of leaves or pages in keeping with institutional practice. Record anomalies in a note if considered important.
5B2. (cont.) Include in the total extent 5B2.3. Optionally, if a significant portion of original raised flyleaves, original flyleaves the manuscript is blank, indicate this in a used as pastedown or free-end endpapers, and parenthetical phrase, e.g., “mostly blank,” blanks. Do not include in the total extent “partially blank,” “some blank,” etc. Make a
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
canceled leaves, or modern flyleaves and note giving the details if considered endpapers. Do not enclose the total extent in important. square brackets.
5B2. (cont.) Record certain layout features, [intentionally left blank] No DCRM(MSS) equivalent. such as number of columns and lines per page, in a note for layout.
5B3. When giving the extent for a component [intentionally left blank] No DCRM(MSS) equivalent. part of a larger item, record the range of leaves or pages occupied by the component part. Use the numeration employed in the manuscript itself that is recognized by the holding institution to be standard for purposes of citation (i.e., do not use superceded sequences of numeration that may be present). The numeration of the range of leaves or pages given as the extent for a component part must correspond to the numeration given for the same work in the contents note of the host item.
5B4. If a manuscript exists in more than one 5B2.2. Optionally, for manuscripts that DCRM(MSS) gives this as an option. volume or other specific material designation, consist of more than one physical unit, give give the total number of volumes or other separate counts of pages, leaves, etc., for each specific material designation immediately physical unit. followed in parentheses by the total number If considered important, record the precise of leaves, sheets, or membranes in each. pagination and/or foliation in a note
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
5B5. For unbound collections of individual [intentionally left blank] No DCRM(MSS) equivalent letters, legal documents, or archival records give the total number of such documents in terms of items. Do not describe them in terms of linear feet.
[intentionally left blank] 5B2.4. If the manuscript is not intact, but the No AMREMM equivalent. missing portions can be determined, identify them in a note if considered important
[intentionally left blank] 5B2.5. If the manuscript is intact, but the No AMREMM equivalent. number of physical units or subunits of the manuscript or its housing differs from the number of units originally produced, record this information in a note if considered important.
Physical description
5C. Physical details 5C. Other physical details (optional This is optional in DCRM(MSS) element)
5C1. Name the material that serves as the 5C1. Record the material that serves as the writing support for an item. If the material is writing support for an item. parchment or vellum, use the term Record the secondary support in a note if “parchment” as the more generic, regardless considered important. of the quality of the material.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
5C2. Illustrative matter. Describe any 5C2. Illustration. If considered important, illustrations, illuminations, calendars, canon indicate the presence of illustration, or other tables, genealogical tables, diagrams, etc. as non-verbal content ill. in all cases, unless there are maps present. If maps are present, give their total number. 5C2.1 General rule. To indicate the presence For purposes of recording information in this of illustration, use the term ‘illustration’ or area, simple pen-flourished initials, line ‘illustrations after the statement of the extent. fillers, decorated catchwords, etc. are not Do not regard minor illustrations or considered as illustration or illumination. decorative elements as illustrations. If Describe these features in a note for considered important, these may be decoration if desired. Provide details mentioned in a note. appropriate to the level of cataloging on Optionally, add the graphic process or illustration, illumination, maps, etc. in a note technique in parentheses, preferably using a for decoration (see 7B10). term found in a standard vocabulary. Give more detailed descriptions of the illustration(s) in a note if considered important
5C2.2.1 Optionally, specify instead the particular type or types of illustration. Use in alphabetical order one or more such terms as the following: coats of arms, diagrams, facsimiles, forms, genealogical tables, maps, music, plans, portraits, samples.
[intentionally left blank] 5C2.2.2. Replace ‘illustration’ or No AMREMM equivalent ‘illustrations’ with terms specifying particular types of illustrations if the particular types are the only illustrations in the manuscript.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
[intentionally left blank] 5C2.3 Color illustrations No AMREMM equivalent
5C2.3.1. Describe color illustrations as such using the word “color.”
[intentionally left blank] 5C2.3.2. If the illustrations are in a single No AMREMM equivalent color, do not describe them as “color.” Make a note to indicate the color if considered important.
[intentionally left blank] 5C2.4. Number of illustrations. Optionally, No AMREMM equivalent record the number of illustrations.
[intentionally left blank] 5C2.3. Manuscripts consisting chiefly of No AMREMM equivalent illustrations. If a manuscript consists chiefly of illustrations, account for this fact by specifying “chiefly illustration(s).” Optionally, when the illustrations are all of chiefly of a particular type (see 5C2.2), replace “illustration” or “illustrations” with the term specifying the particular type.
Size
5D. Dimensions 5D. Size and format This is optional in DCRM(MSS) (optional element)
5D1. Give the dimensions of a manuscript 5D1.1. General rule. Give the height and AMREMM provides more and more detailed measuring first height and then width in width of the manuscript in centimeters, information about physical dimensions. millimeters, rounding to the nearest whole rounding a fraction of a centimeter up to the
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
millimeter. Dimensions throughout a next full centimeter. Record the dimensions manuscript may vary, so measurements given as height x width. If a manuscript measures should be approximate dimensions less than 10 centimeters in height or width, representative of the whole. give the height in millimeters. Give dimensions first for the leaf, then (in parentheses) for the written space, followed by the dimension as bound when appropriate. When providing dimensions for the written space, take note of the layout of the page whether the first line of text is written above the first line of ruling or below the first line of ruling (and thus frame ruled). For manuscripts that lack frame ruling and are written above the top line, measure written space from the headline or the top of minims in the first line of writing in the text to the baseline or the bottom of minims in the last line of writing in the text. For manuscripts that are frame ruled and written below the first line of ruling, measure written space from the top bounding line of the frame ruling to the bottom bounding line of the frame ruling. Dimensions for width in all cases should be measured across columns and between outer vertical bounding lines or, where these do not exist or prove unsatisfactory, between the ends of a line of text. Where dimensions of the text block and the frame ruling differ significantly, measure the
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
actual written space. Details on ruling patterns and their dimensions may be given in a note for layout (see 7B8). Include within the dimensions of the written space any marginal gloss or commentary executed as part of the original text block, such as in the case of glossed biblical, legal, or philosophical texts. Dimensions of the gloss or commentary may, in addition, be given separately as part of the note for layout if desired. Do not include within the dimensions of the written space marginal glosses, commentary, or other annotations in a script or hand later than the script or hand of the main body of text. If it cannot be determined whether the marginal gloss or commentary was executed as part of the original text, give dimensions for the main body of text only and provide dimensions of the gloss or commentary in the note for layout. Also include within the dimensions of the written space any illustration, illumination, or other decoration situated within the text. Where leaf or other dimensions differ significantly throughout an item (e.g., from uneven trimming or damage), express dimensions as a range.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
5D1. (cont.) 95 leaves : parchment ; 236-246 5D1.3 Bound manuscripts. If a manuscript AMREMM does not specify in the rule, but x 176 (190 x 132) mm. bound to 253 x 183 is bound, measure the height and width of the the examples provide measurements for mm binding. If the height and width of the binding. manuscript differs significantly from the DCRM(MSS) measures the binding, and height and width of its binding, specify both gives the option of specifying both the if considered important. dimensions of the manuscript and the binding.
5D2. For texts written in irregular lines of 5D2. Differing sizes. To indicate that the verse across the page, give as dimensions for various parts of a manuscript differ in size, the written space only the vertical give the dimensions of the largest part, measurement extending either from the followed by the words “or smaller.” Record headline or top of minims in the first line of the size of each part in a note if considered writing in the text to the baseline or the important. bottom of minims in the last line of writing in Optionally, use the term “various sizes.” the text, or if the manuscript is frame ruled from the top bounding line of the frame ruling to the bottom bounding line of the frame ruling.
5D3. For individual letters, legal documents, [intentionally left blank] No DCRM(MSS) equivalent. and archival records, give dimensions for the leaf or sheet only. Do not record dimensions of the written space for these materials.
5D3. (cont.) If these materials were originally 5D1.2 Folded manuscripts. If a manuscript Both given dimensions folded manuscripts as or subsequently folded, give dimensions as is folded, give the dimensions according to laid open; DCRM(MSS) provides the option laid open. the orientation in which it is meant to be used. of giving the folded dimensions. If considered important, give both the unfolded and the folded dimensions, in that
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
order. Make an explanatory note if considered important.
5D4. For items in the form of a roll, give the [intentionally left blank] No DCRM(MSS) equivalent. total length and width of the roll. Do not record dimensions of the written space for these materials.
[intentionally left blank] 5D1.4 Other housing or secondary support. No AMREMM equivalent. If a manuscript is housed in a container or mounted on a secondary support, measure the height of the manuscript itself, specify both if considered important.
[intentionally left blank] 5D3. Format. For pre-nineteenth-century No AMREMM equivalent. manuscripts consisting of one or more quires, add the bibliographical format of the item(s) in parentheses following the size statement. If the item consists of only two conjugate leaves, describe it as a bifolium or half-sheet bifolium. Optionally, give the format for modern manuscripts, if it can be determined.
Accompanying materials
5E. Accompanying material 5E. Accompanying material Optional in DCRM(MSS). (optional element)
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
5E1. Give details of accompanying materials. 5E1.1. General rule. If a manuscripts has These are difficult to compare because the Briefly give the number and the name of accompanying material, give the number of two standards anticipate different kinds of accompanying materials at the end of the physical units of this material, and the type(s) accompanying materials. physical description. Detailed description of material, at the end of the physical may be provided in a note. Letters and legal description. documents, in particular, frequently bear Optionally, use the term “accompanying seals. Record in this area only seals that are material.” Records the details of the material physically present (either intact or in a note if considered important. fragmentary), not those that were once attached but have been subsequently removed or lost. Record detailed descriptions of seals 5E1.2. Optionally, give the physical and any evidence for seals no longer present description of accompanying material in in a note for accompanying materials (see parentheses following its name. 7B13).
6. Series Area (not in AMREMM or DCRM(MSS))
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
7. Note Area
Preliminary rules
7A. Preliminary rule 7A. Preliminary rule
[intentionally left blank] 7A1.1. The use of notes is common and No AMREMM equivalent. abundant in the description of manuscripts. Notes can deal with any aspect of the There are numerous rules present in AMREMM but not in DCRM(MSS) and manuscript, including its content, context, vice versa. provenance, and conditions of use. Notes also qualify and amplify the formalized areas of description, and are especially important for recording types of information not accounted for in other areas of the description. Because manuscripts are unique artifacts, all notes will be general rather than copy-specific.
[intentionally left blank] 7A1.2. Notes, by their nature, cannot be enumerated exhaustively, but can be categorized in terms of the areas of description to which they pertain. In addition to notes relating to these areas, there are notes that do not correspond to any area of the formalized areas of description. Occasionally it may be
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
useful to group together notes that refer to more than one area in a single note.
7A1. Punctuation. Precede each note by a full 7A2. Start a new paragraph for each note. End Standards are nearly identical. stop, space, dash, space or start a new each paragraph with a period or other mark of paragraph. Separate introductory wording from final punctuation. the main content of a note by a colon followed, Separate introductory wording from the main but not preceded by, a space. content of a note by a colon followed but not preceded by a space.
[intentionally left blank] 7A1.3 Notes may also be made to justify No AMREMM equivalent. access points for personal or corporate names, titles, genres/forms, physical characteristics, provenance, etc.
7A2. Sources of information. Take data 7A3. Take information recorded in notes from Standards are nearly identical. recorded in notes from any suitable source. any suitable source. Square brackets are required for interpolations within quoted material and as set out in 7A3.
7A3. Transcription and editorial practice in [intentionally left blank] No DCRM(MSS) equivalent. notes. A cataloging agency may employ in the note area any method of transcribing source text deemed appropriate, so long as that method is a clear and consistent one. It is recommended that the method defined for use in the title and statement of responsibility area (see 0F1–0F8) also be applied as a minimum standard for transcription in the notes, although abbreviations may be expanded silently in order
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
to provide a more easily readable text. If a more detailed transcription is desired to record certain characteristics of the text, such as original punctuation, or additions, suppressions, or substitutions to the text, a cataloging agency may choose to employ a semi-diplomatic method of transcription.21 Enclose transcribed text in the notes in quotation marks. The method for representing the extent of a work present in a given manuscript is generally to transcribe portions of the text of that work in the following order: • Opening rubric • Incipit • Explicit • Closing rubric
Precede transcribed rubrics with the designation “[rubr.]” and precede the incipit of the following text with the designation “[text]” (printed manuscript catalogs customarily distinguish rubrics from text through the use of alternating italic and roman type faces). Transcribe rubrics in full. Transcribe as much of an incipit as will distinguish a particular text or version of a work and as much of an explicit as will indicate the extent and conclusion of that text. Use the mark of omission to indicate the continuity of any untranscribed text between opening rubric, incipit, explicit, and
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
closing rubric. Where the continuity of the text of a work broken, transcribe the text immediately preceding and following the discontinuity. Thus, “[rubr.] opening rubric. [text] incipit … explicit. [rubr.] closing rubric.” See 7B5.2 for examples.
7A4. Notes required in the catalog record. 7A1.4. Required notes. In general, notes are AMREMM is much more prescriptive, The following notes required in the catalog not required, but some notes are required in providing a minimum set of requirements record define only a minimum set of notes for particular situations and are so indicated in for notes. Notes are optional in each level of description. Notes may be previous rules, e.g., 1B5, 1C1.1.3, and in some DCRM(MSS). selectively augmented, abbreviated, or added of the rules for this area. according to local cataloging policies and Ambiguous statements of responsibility: 1E9, requirements. For instance, an institution 7B5.4 choosing to create summary descriptions for its Byname not used as title: 1B6, 7B3.7 holdings may wish to emphasize the decorative Conditions governing access: 7B14.1 elements of these materials and so provide Conditions governing use : 7B14.2 extensive notes on decoration equivalent to Copyright date in manuscript copy of printed those normally given in a detailed description. work: 4C7.3, 7B9.3.4 In all cases, information is supplied on the basis Creator information: 7B5.1 of its applicability and availability. Fictitious or incorrect dates: 4C2.4, 7B9.3.1 Distinctions between summary and detailed Fictitious or incorrect places of production: description are not absolute. Both levels of 4B4.1, 7B9.2.2 description contain virtually the same set of Forgeries or incorrect attributions: 7B5.1.1 notes (detailed description, for instance, adds Formal title not present in manuscript, supplied notes on Statement of collation and from other sources: 1C1.1.3, 7B4.1 Language: Accompanying materials), but the meaningful 7B8.1 difference lies in the degree of detail that each Manuscript containing two or more works conveys and the amount of expertise and described separately: 7B2.3
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
judgment required to provide that additional Name in statement of responsibility information. Outlines for summary and detailed abbreviated, unclear, or a pseudonym: 1E2.2, descriptions are supplied here as guides in 7B5.4 determining the amount of work required for Name in statement of responsibility partially or each record. Summary description may be wholly illegible: 1E2.4, 7B5.4 characterized as containing information that is Name in statement of responsibility struck out immediately observable or identifiable and or written in a different hand: 1E2.3, 7B5.4 detailed description as containing fuller Nonroman writing system: 0F2.1, 7B8.2 Scope information resulting from further examination or content: 7B2.1 and research. Statement of responsibility in location other than title page, colophon, or caption: 1E14, 7B5.4 Source of formal title: 1C1.1, 7B4.1 Source of title from first line of verse: 1B5, 7B3.5 Transcribed title: 1C1.2, 7B4.2 Uncertain place of production: 4B5.2, 7B9.2.3 With/Bound-with notes: 7B18.1
7A4.1. Notes required in a summary [intentionally left blank] No DCRM(MSS) equivalent. description A summary description requires at least all the notes set out below to be included in the catalog record, if applicable and available: 7B1. Format, nature, and scope 7B2. Language 7B3. Source of title proper and statement of responsibility 7B5. Contents
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
7B8. Layout (brief note indicating number of columns and lines of text) 7B9. Script (brief note indicating general type of script) 7B10. Decoration (brief note indicating presence of illumination or other significant decoration) 7B11. Music (brief note indicating presence of music) 7B12. Binding (brief note identifying binding as contemporary or modern) 7B13. Accompanying materials (brief note) 7B14. Origin (brief note indicating immediately identifiable place, date, and agency of production, i.e. colophon) 7B17. Former and related shelfmarks 7B18. Bynames 7B19. Current shelfmark 7B20. Reference to published descriptions or citations 7B21. Reference to published editions, facsimiles, or treatments 7B23. Form of reproduction 7B27. Cataloging history
7A4.2. Notes required in a detailed [intentionally left blank] No DCRM(MSS) equivalent. description A detailed description requires at least all the notes set out below to be included in the catalog record, if applicable and available:
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
7B1. Format, nature, and scope 7B2. Language 7B3. Source of title proper and statement of responsibility 7B4. Variations of title and statement of responsibility 7B5. Contents (full note) 7B7. Statement of collation 7B8. Layout (full note) 7B9. Script (full note) 7B10. Decoration (full note) 7B11. Music (full note) 7B12. Binding (full note) 7B13. Accompanying materials (full note) 7B14. Origin (full note) 7B15. Provenance 7B16. Immediate source of acquisition 7B17. Former and related shelfmarks 7B18. Bynames 7B19. Current shelfmark 7B20. Reference to published descriptions or citations 7B21. Reference to published editions, facsimiles, or treatments 7B23. Form of reproduction 7B27. Cataloging history
7A4. Form of notes
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
[intentionally left blank] 7A4.1. Order of information. If information No AMREMM equivalent. in a note corresponds to information found in the title and statement of responsibility, place and date of production, or physical description areas, usually give the elements of information in the order in which they appear in those areas. Notes below (in 7B) are listed in the order in which they would appear in a bibliographic record. Use prescribed punctuation in such cases, except substitute a period for a period-space-dash-space.
[intentionally left blank] 7A4.2. Quotations. Record quotations from No AMREMM equivalent. the manuscript or from other sources in quotation marks. If quoting from the manuscript, cite the folio or page number if there is one. If quoting from another source, follow the quotation with an indication of its source. Do not use prescribed punctuation within quotations. Enclose interpolations within quoted material in square brackets.
[intentionally left blank] 7A4.3. Formal notes. Use formal notes No AMREMM equivalent. employing an invariable introductory word or phrase or a standard verbal formula when uniformity of presentation assists in the recognition of the type of information being presented, or when their use provides economy of space without loss of clarity.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
[intentionally left blank] 7A4.4. Informal notes. When making No AMREMM equivalent. informal notes, use statements that present the information as briefly as clarity, understandability, and good grammar permit.
[intentionally left blank] 7A5. Notes citing other works and other No AMREMM equivalent. drafts and versions of the work. In citing other works and other drafts and versions of the work, give enough information to identify the work, draft, or version cited. This may include the creator, title, edition statement, or date. Arrange the information provided in the form that makes most sense in the particular case. Abridge the information as needed without using the mark of omission.
Notes
7B. Notes 7B. Notes
7B. Generally, make notes as set out below and 7B. Some of the most common types of notes AMREMM is much more prescriptive than in the order given. At any point, a general note are listed below; other notes than those DCRM(MSS) both in terms of which notes may be introduced to provide supplemental or provided for may be made if considered are included but also the order in which they related information to any of the specific notes important. Specific applications of many of are to appear. below. Group associated notes together. A these notes are provided in the preceding general note may also be introduced at any sections. Make notes as called for in the appropriate point in the description to record following subrules, and, generally, in the order information not addressed by any of the in which they are listed here. If a particular specific notes below. note is of primary importance, it may be given first, regardless of its order in this list. When
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
appropriate, combine two or more notes to make one note.
7B1. Format, nature, and scope. 7B2. Scope and content (Nature, scope, or DCRM(MSS) includes genre, subject, and Make notes on the format, nature, and scope of form) contributors here as well as form, nature, a manuscript or manuscript collection. and scope. 7B2.1 Make a note on the nature, scope, form, genre, subject, or contributors to the intellectual creation or production of the manuscript, if not adequately explained elsewhere in the description.
7B1.1. Give brief information on the physical [intentionally left blank] No DCRM(MSS) equivalent. format of an item or items. Use one of the following designations as appropriate:
Ms. or Mss. Apply generally to all manuscript items not addressed more specifically below.
Whenever possible, apply one of the following specific designations:
Ms. fragment(s): Apply to an item or items consisting of a portion excised or remaining from a MS. LEAF or from the sheet or leaf of a letter, legal document, or archival record, etc. (e.g., a cutting of an illuminated initial, a heavily damaged leaf). If these fragments are from disparate leaves or sheets, indicate this fact further in the note for nature and scope.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
Ms. leaf or leaves Apply to an item or items consisting of one or more individual leaves or sheets or unsewn bifolia remaining or excised from a MS. CODEX. If these leaves are from disparate manuscript codices, indicate this fact at a later point in the note for nature and scope.
Ms. gathering(s): Apply to an item or items consisting of two or more sewn bifolia or combination of sewn bifolia and disjunct leaves remaining or excised from a MS. CODEX. Ms. component part: Apply only to an item (i.e., work) given separate analysis (see Appendix B) that is part of a MS. CODEX for which a host- item catalog record also exists.
Ms. codex: Apply to an item consisting of one or more sewn gatherings bound together constituting a book. Designate a MS. CODEX that has been dismembered or damaged to such an extent that it no longer presents a single coherent work as MS. FRAGMENTS(S), MS. LEAF or LEAVES, or MS. GATHERINGS(S). For instance, if all that remains of a MS. CODEX is a single quire of eight leaves containing chapter 2 of a larger work, designate this item as MS. GATHERING. However, if this quire contains the whole of the work, designate the item as MS. CODEX.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
Ms. composite codex: Apply to a MS. CODEX composed of two or more physical parts of varying date of production and origin that have been subsequently bound together. Do not apply this designation to a MS. CODEX simply possessing fragments reused from another manuscript as flyleaves or binding material, or to a MS. CODEX containing multiple works of homogenous date of production and origin.
7B1.2 Give a brief summary or abstract of the 7B2.1 Make a note on the nature, scope, form, nature and scope of the contents of an item, if genre, subject, or contributors to the this information is not more appropriately intellectual creation or production of the treated elsewhere in the description. Give manuscript, if not adequately explained notice particularly of significant versions of a elsewhere in the description. [selected text or textual defects. Note also any physical examples] defects in an item that also affect the text. If an item contains important or extensive glossing, Play in two acts commentary, or other annotation, make note of its presence. Also record whether an item At least two typescripts, cut up and possesses any special physical characteristics, mounted; heavily revised in such as whether it is a holograph, palimpsest, William Winter's autograph opisthograph, or chirograph or indenture. If the catalog record is intended to provide only an abstract in lieu of fuller information available elsewhere, such as an already published description (see 0B1.1, 7B20), provide a note indicating the nature and location of this fuller description.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
7B2. Language. Identify the language or 7B8.1. Language. Make a note on the languages employed in an item and make language of the manuscript, or on the fact that concise notes on their use. For composite it is a translation, unless this is apparent from manuscript codices, briefly note the various the rest of the description. languages employed throughout and provide more detailed notes in the records for In French individually analyzed works if desired. In Turkish Handwritten translation into English of Latin the original 1630 document in Latin Old French Latin, with interlinear glosses in Old English Latin and Old French
7B3. Source of title and statement of 7B3.1. Note on devised title. Make a note that responsibility. Indicate the source of the title the title is devised if considered important. proper and statement of responsibility and the exact location within an item where the Title devised by cataloger information is found, using the numeration employed in the manuscript itself that is 7B3.2. Source of devised title. Make a note on recognized by the holding institution to be the source of the title and/or the evidence on standard for purposes of citation. If the title which it is based if considered important. proper and statement of responsibility is in a script or hand later than the main body of text of the manuscript, indicate an approximate date 7B4.1. Source of formal title. Make a note on when it may have been added. the source of a formal title. Also note if no title appears in the manuscript itself.
7B5.4. Statement of responsibility. Make a note to explain the statement of responsibility if the name or names are abbreviated,
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
ambiguous, pseudonymous, fictitious, incorrect, written in a different hand, illegible, struck out, etc. If considered important, include the source of the information.
7B4.Variations of title and statement of 7B4.7. Title variants. Make a note on any responsibility. Make notes on significant titles not chosen as the formal title if variations of the title and statement of considered important. responsibility that are not already transcribed elsewhere. Transcribe these variations and indicate their location within an item. Also, transcribe parallel titles and other title information if they are considered to be important.
Contents
7B5. Contents 7B17. Contents
7B5.1.2. Generally, list the contents of an item 7B17.2. Transcribe contents from the title page AMREMM’s rules for the contents notes are in full, including blank pages. Contents if they are presented there formally and have much more detailed and prescriptive. descriptions should present the fullest amount not been transcribed as part of the title and DCRM(MSS) allows for the transcription of of information possible in a clear, accurate, and statement of responsibility area. If a formal contents where there is a list of contents, and economical fashion. However, materials that statement of contents is not present on the title provides instructions about sources of are ancillary or of marginal significance may be page, take contents from the head of the parts information for the contents. AMREMM is summarized. The structure of the contents note to which they refer, or, if this is not feasible, more prescriptive, but also relies more on should normally reflect the structure and order from any contents list, etc., that is present. cataloger’s judgment. DCRM(MSS) of elements as they appear in the manuscript. For a manuscript in two or more volumes, provides instructions for multivolume Assign Arabic numbers to each work or item transcribe the volume or part designations as works. contained in the manuscript according to the found. In all of these cases, follow the word
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
cataloger’s division of its elements, beginning “Contents” with a colon and a parenthetical each entry as a separate paragraph. Precede phrase indicating the source of the contents, each work or item contained in the manuscript e.g., “(from title page),” “(from chapter with its folio or page reference (either inclusive headings),” “(from caption titles)” if or beginning folio or page). Provide references considered important. and commentary on the state of the text of the work or item as needed. If information is not available to furnish a contents note according to any of the following rules, provide whatever information that is available in as clear and accurate a manner as possible.
7B5.2. Single work. Transcribe, in the order in [intentionally left blank] No DCRM(MSS) equivalent. which they appear, the opening rubric, incipit, explicit, and closing rubric for the text of a work. See 7A3 for methods of transcription. fol. 1r–4r:“[rubr.] Incipit regula sancti Augustini episcopi. [text] Ante omnia fratres karissimi diligatur Deus, deinde proximus … orans ut sibi debitum dimittatur et in temptationem non inducatur. [rubr.] Explicit regula sancti Augustini.” When a text is preceded by preliminary matter (e.g., tables of contents, translator’s prefaces, prologues, etc.) record at least the opening rubrics and incipits for these preliminaries. When a text is organized into books, parts, or other major divisions, record the opening rubrics, incipits, and explicits (and optionally the closing rubrics) for these divisions if considered
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
necessary or desirable for clarity. If signaling the presence of these major divisions is not considered necessary or desirable, give only the opening rubric, incipit, explicit, and closing rubric of the entire text as shown above. Where confusion may arise in the designation of what is preliminary matter, major division, and main text, indicate in square brackets the part of the text being cited if this is not already made clear by the rubric or incipit itself.
7B5.3. Standard or compiled work. For [intentionally left blank] No DCRM(MSS) equivalent. certain standard works whose contents vary within a defined set of texts (e.g., the Bible or liturgical and devotional works), or for compiled works (e.g., collections of sermons, hymns, letters, laws and statutes, charters, writs, and other legal documents, etc.), the normal sequence of opening rubrics, incipits, explicits, and closing rubrics need not be given. Instead, a cataloger’s summary or supplied title, citation to a standard reference bibliography, or simply the rubric as it appears in the manuscript—or a combination of all of these— may be used. It may, however, be desirable in certain instances to transcribe the opening rubrics, incipits, explicits, and closing rubrics for the sake of clarity and accuracy.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
7B5.4. Multiple works. For a manuscript 7B2.3. Make a note indicating that the works containing multiple works or items for which are described separately, listing the other titles separate analysis may or may not be provided, or indicating where they can be found. briefly list the contents of the manuscript using uniform or cataloger-supplied titles and author Bound with The whole book of psalms information. Prefer uniform titles and (Cambridge, 1628), cataloged separately authorized forms of authors’ names, but if titles exist in the manuscript these may be used if desired. If separate analysis is given to these works, provide a contents note for each analytic record according to the procedure given in 7B5.2.
7B6. Secundo folio. Transcribe the opening [intentionally left blank] No DCRM(MSS) equivalent. word or words from the second leaf of a manuscript that may have been part of an institutional collection during the Middle Ages. Do not normally record secundo folio references for manuscripts commonly found, or known to have been, in private ownership during the Middle Ages (such as books of hours), for manuscripts from a period later than the Middle Ages, or for manuscripts that have clearly lost their second leaf at some later time.
7B7. Statement of collation. The statement of [intentionally left blank] No DCRM(MSS) equivalent. collation consists of three parts: 1. Support and physical arrangement 2. Register of quires
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
3. Quire signatures, leaf signatures, and catchwords Separate each part of the statement of collation from the one following it by a space-semi- colon-space. Follow the steps below in constructing the statement of collation. Enclose any necessary qualifying information in parentheses at the appropriate point in the statement to which it refers. Precede this note with the heading Collation:
7B7.1. Support and physical arrangement. a) [intentionally left blank] No DCRM(MSS) equivalent. Specify the material, or support, on which an item is written. If the support is mixed, place at the head of the formula the predominant material used for support and register any differences in material used at the appropriate point in the formula. Identify watermarks in paper as clearly as possible with concise citation to standard reference sources. b) Record the extent of an item by giving first the number of flyleaves at the front, then the number of leaves making up the body, and last the number of flyleaves at the end of the manuscript. Use lower-case roman numerals to designate flyleaves and Arabic numerals to designate leaves in the main body of the manuscript. Indicate the material used for the flyleaves and record any other information
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
pertaining to them in parentheses at the point at which they are registered. Unless further qualification is given, the number of leaves given for the body of the manuscript is assumed also to express the present numeration of the manuscript—if any exists—by folio, regardless of whether that numeration is original or added later. If the leaves are paginated, or if there is a disturbance in the foliation, indicate the correct sequence in parentheses. Older sequences of numeration may be noted if desired. Flyleaves are assumed to be unnumbered, unless stated otherwise, and also to be contemporary with the binding unless stated otherwise. Concise remarks on the state of flyleaves or pastedowns may be included in the collational formula. fol. ii + 20 + ii fol. iii + 292 (foliated 1–11, 11*, 12–291) + iv fol. ii + 100 (paginated 1-200) + ii fol. ii (paper) + 150 + ii (paper) fol. ii (medieval parchment) + 245 + ii (medieval parchment) fol. ii (i is pastedown) + 58 + ii (ii is pastedown)
7B7.2 Register of quires. Record the sequence 7B10.7 Bibliographic signatures. Make a note Aside from the differences in terminology and composition of the quires that make up a giving details of the signatures of a manuscript (quires/signatures), AMREMM uses Ker’s manuscript. Use a formula to express collation if considered important. Give these signature formula and DCRM(MSS) uses that is clear, consistent, and as widely details according to DCRM(B), 7B9. Preface DCRM(B)’s, i.e. Gaskell’s.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
understood as possible. Use current this note with the word “Signatures” and a AngloAmerican conventions for manuscript colon. collation based upon the system described by N.R. Ker, Catalogue of Manuscripts Containing Anglo-Saxon (Oxford, 1957), xxii (reprinted in MMBL, III:vii).
7B7.3 Quire signatures, leaf signatures, and [intentionally left blank] No DCRM(MSS) equivalents. catchwords. Make notes on the presence of quire signatures, leaf signatures, and catchwords at the end of the statement of collation. The usual placement for quire signatures is presumed to be on the verso of the last leaf of each gathering; specify “on recto” if these appear instead on the recto of the first leaf of the gathering. The usual placement for leaf signatures is presumed to be on the recto of the first leaves of each gathering. The usual placement for catchwords is presumed to be at the bottom of the verso of the last leaf of each gathering; specify orientation (e.g., horizontal, vertical, diagonal) and location on leaf if otherwise.
7B8. Layout. Describe the page layout of an item to whatever degree and level is deemed appropriate. At a minimum, give notice of the number of lines of text, the number of columns (if more than one) into which the text is divided, and whether the text is plain ruled or
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
frame-ruled. More detailed notes on layout may take account of whether text is written above or below the top line of ruling (see 5D1), ruling patterns, prickings in the margins, layout of glosses, etc. Precede this note with the heading Layout.
[intentionally left blank] 7B8.2. Writing system. Make a note No AMREMM equivalent. indicating the presence of nonroman or coded writing systems in the manuscript.
7B9. Script. Identify the script in which an 7B8.3. Script. Make a note describing the Optional in DCRM(MSS). Guidelines for item is written to whatever degree and level is script in which the manuscript is written if minimum degree of identification in deemed appropriate. At a minimum, identify considered important. AMREMM. the type and grade of script (q.v.) used for the main body of text of a manuscript. Use a In Gothic libraria script standard and consistent nomenclature. If In Sütterlin script known, identify the scribe, notary, or corrector In English secretary hand (Comment: responsible for the production of an item. If The commonly used term for this possible, distinguish between the hands of script) multiple scribes, indicating the leaves upon In italic script which each worked. If the determination of dating and localization of an item has been arrived at by means of the script, identify the relevant palaeographical features. Precede this note with the heading Script.
7B10. Decoration. Describe the decorative [intentionally left blank] No DCRM(MSS) equivalent but not features of an item to whatever degree and level dissimilar to DCRM(MSS) 7B10.8. is deemed appropriate. At a minimum, give Illustration.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
notice of the presence of illumination. Generally, describe initials and miniatures in terms of the number of lines of text or space on the page they occupy. The pattern of the description should generally begin with the most complex or elaborate decoration and follow a descending order to the most simple. Provide overall artistic commentary, if desired, following the statement of decoration. If known, identify the artist(s) or workshop responsible for the decoration of a manuscript. Precede this note with the heading Decoration.
[intentionally left blank] 7B10.8. Illustrations. Give fuller details of the No AMREMM equivalent but not dissimilar illustrations in a note if considered important to 7B10. Decoration.
7B11. Music. Make notes on musical notation [intentionally left blank] No DCRM(MSS) equivalent. contained in an item to whatever degree and level is deemed appropriate.29 At a minimum, indicate the presence of musical notation or the system of notation employed. Precede this note with the heading Music. Record information on any texts of music in a contents note.
7B12. Binding. Describe the binding of an item 7B10.9 Bindings or containers Make a note to to whatever degree and level is deemed describe details of the binding of a bound appropriate. At a minimum, give notice of manuscript or the container the manuscript is whether the binding is contemporary with the stored in if considered important. item, later, or modern. Assign a general date to the binding if possible. If known, identify the
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
binder(s) responsible for the binding of a manuscript. Precede this note with the heading Binding.
7B13. Accompanying materials. Make notes 7B11. Accompanying material. Make a note on any materials attached to or accompanying for any accompanying material not recorded in an item, particularly in the case of letters or the physical description area if considered legal documents which may have, or have had, important. Give the location of accompanying seals attached. When giving dimensions of material if considered important. seals, measure the impression left by the seal matrix. Precede this note with the heading Accompanying Materials.
Place and Date of Production
7B14. Origin. Make notes on the origin of an 7B9. Place and date of production. DCRM provides specific instructions for item, including date, place, agency and reason different instances of place and date of for production as accurately as can be 7B9.1 Source of information. production information, whereas determined. Indicate basis for localization, Make a note on the source(s) of information for AMREMM gives much more general dating, and identification, or give reference to the place and/or date of production, and/or the directions. Notice that both standards call other notes that may contain such information. evidence on which they are based if considered for transcription of the information as it Transcribe in full any colophon or other important. appears on the manuscript. statement regarding date, place, agency, and reason for production of an item. If such a 7B9.2. Place of production. statement is already transcribed as part of a Transcribe in a note the place information as it contents note, do not repeat it separately here. appears on the manuscript when it differs from Give the precise folio or page reference where the form of the name as given elsewhere in the information is found. If known, identify the description if considered important. 7B9.2.1. More than one place of production.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
patron, donor, or recipient of a manuscript. Make a note listing places of production Precede this note with the heading Origin. omitted from the place of production element if considered important. If the place of production element gives only the wider geographic area encompassing the places of production, list the specific places in a note if considered important.
7B9.2.2. Fictitious or incorrect place of production. If supplying the correct place of production, record the place given in the manuscript in a note, along with the basis of the correction.
7B9.2.3. Uncertain place of production. Make a note providing justification for the conjectured place of production if it is not apparent from the rest of the description.
7B9.3. Date. Transcribe in a note the date as it appears on the manuscript when it differs from the date as given elsewhere in the description if considered important (see 4C).
7B9.3.1. Fictitious or incorrect date. If the date on the manuscript is known to be fictitious or incorrect, make a note explaining the fictitiousness or error and provide a
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
transcription of the fictitious or incorrect date (see 4C2.4).
7B9.3.2. Inclusive or bulk dates. If a manuscript was created over a period of time, and inclusive and/or bulk dates are recorded in the date element, record the date(s) of each volume, part, etc., in a note, if applicable and if considered important.
7B9.3.3. Supplied date. Make a note providing the basis for a supplied date if considered important.
7B15. Provenance. Make notes on the history of ownership of an item. Note all marks of ownership such as bookplates, ex libris and ex dono inscriptions, armorial bindings, etc., as well as other physical or textual evidence that contribute to establishing provenance. Provide references to sales catalogs, inventories, or other documentation as available.
7B16. Immediate source of acquisition. 7B5.5. Provenance and custodial history. Record the immediate source from which an Make a note to describe details of a item passed into the collection of the current manuscript’s provenance if considered holding institution. Make notes on the important. In less detailed descriptions, it is circumstances and date of acquisition, advisable to summarize provenance indicating whether the item was acquired information, without providing exact through purchase, gift, transfer, deposit, loan, transcriptions or descriptions of the evidence.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
etc. Provide references to sales catalogs, Include the names of former owners or other accession records, and other documentation as individuals of interest and approximate dates, needed. This information may be withheld from whenever possible. Names of former owners or public access if desired. other individuals of interest may be listed earliest first or most recent first, according to institutional practice. More detailed descriptions of provenance might include such additional features as: exact dates, when known; dealer or auction details; exact transcriptions of autographs, inscriptions, bookplates, stamps, shelfmarks, etc. (and their locations in the manuscript); descriptions of bookplates using standardized terminology; descriptions of unidentified heraldic bookplates according to heraldic blazon or motto; references to published descriptions of the collections of former owners of the manuscript, particularly if the manuscript is cited in the source, etc.
7B17. Former and related shelfmarks. 7B5.6. Immediate source of acquisition. Record any shelfmark, pressmark, or other Make a note on the immediate source of inventory mark that may have been assigned to acquisition of the manuscript if considered an item in the past. Also record any past or important. present related shelfmark, as in the case when an item has been dismembered and its parts have been assigned separate designations in the same or other collections. Give any discussion of former or related shelfmarks in a note on provenance. Precede this note with either the
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
heading Former shelfmark: or Related shelfmark:
7B18. Bynames. Record the byname of an [intentionally left blank] No DCRM(MSS) equivalent. item—that is, the popular name or names by which an item is or has been familiarly known, other than by the title of the work it contains or by its shelfmark. If a manuscript possesses a popular name, this byname or one of its bynames will also usually be the uniform title for the manuscript (see AACR2R 25.13). Precede this note with the heading Byname:
7B19. Current shelfmark. Record the current 7B3.7. Devised title for a manuscript known shelfmark of an item using the standard form of by a byname. Make a note on a manuscript’s scholarly citation. The citation of a shelfmark byname if it was not used as the title. normally consists of four main elements: the geographical location of the repository, the name of the repository itself, an abbreviated form of the designation manuscript (usually MS, or Ms, or ms., or Hs., or Cod., etc.) and the repository designation for the manuscript. The citation of a shelfmark must reproduce exactly any abbreviation, punctuation, use of upper and lower case letters, and any other features used by the holding institution to identify the item. The scholarly form of a shelfmark citation is distinct from the same shelfmark formulated as a uniform title (see Appendix A3.1.2 and
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
AACR2R 25.13). Precede this note with the heading Shelfmark:
7B20. Reference to published descriptions or [intentionally left blank] No DCRM(MSS) equivalent. citations. Give precise references to the most authoritative and comprehensive published descriptions or standard citations for an item. Provide references constructed according to Peter M.Van Wingen, Standard Citation Forms for Rare Book Cataloging, 2nd ed. (Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, Cataloging Distribution Service, 1996), xvi– xxvii. Give as many references as necessary, listing the most current, authoritative, and comprehensive items first.
7B20. Reference to published descriptions or 7B16. References to published descriptions citations. Give precise references to the most authoritative and comprehensive published 7B16.1. Give references to published descriptions or standard citations for an item. descriptions in bibliographies or other Provide references constructed according to authoritative reference sources if these have Peter M.Van Wingen, Standard Citation Forms been used to supply elements of the description for Rare Book Cataloging, 2nd ed. if considered important. Prefer the form and (Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, punctuation conventions recommended by Cataloging Distribution Service, 1996), xvi– Standard Citation Forms for Rare Materials xxvii. Give as many references as necessary, Cataloging. Begin the note with the word listing the most current, authoritative, and “References” and a colon. comprehensive items first. 7B21. Reference to published editions, 7B16.2. Make other references to published facsimiles, or treatments. Give precise descriptions if considered important. Such
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
references to the most authoritative and references may substantiate information comprehensive published text editions, provided by the cataloger or provide a more facsimile reproductions, monographic studies, detailed description of the manuscript being or articles on an item. References may be to the cataloged. work or to the physical item or to both. Provide references constructed according to 7B20. Give 7B16.3. A general note may be made if a as many references as necessary, listing the description of the manuscript being cataloged most current, authoritative, and comprehensive does not appear in a specific bibliographical items first. reference source. Make such a note only if the manuscript fits the scope for that source and the source purports to be comprehensive for its scope. Preface the general note with the words “Not in” and a colon.
7B21. Reference to published editions, 7A5. Notes citing other works and other AMREMM and DCRM(MSS) take very facsimiles, or treatments. Give precise drafts and versions of the work. In citing different approaches here. references to the most authoritative and other works and other drafts and versions of comprehensive published text editions, the work, give enough information to identify facsimile reproductions, monographic studies, the work, draft, or version cited. This may or articles on an item. References may be to the include the creator, title, edition statement, or work or to the physical item or to both. Provide date. Arrange the information provided in the references constructed according to 7B20. Give form that makes most sense in the particular as many references as necessary, listing the case. Abridge the information as needed most current, authoritative, and comprehensive without using the mark of omission. items first. 7B22. Additional physical form. If desired, 7B7. Relationship of the manuscript to provide information on any reproductions, published versions of the text. Make a note transcriptions, or other additional physical or describing the relationship of the manuscript to electronic formats in which an original item published versions of the text if considered may exist, either for use at the holding important.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
institution, through remote access, or in published form. Include notes on the extent to which an original item or the work(s) it contains is reproduced.
7B23. Form of reproduction. Record 7B13.3. Additional physical format information describing an item that is a available. Make a note to record information reproduction of an original (e.g., microfilm) about the additional (i.e., different) physical when cataloging from a reproduction and when format(s) in which the item is available if information in the bibliographic record considered important. represents the original. Indicate the type, place, agency, date, physical description, series statement, publication, and extent of the reproduction (when not complete) as applicable. Include a statement of reproduction in every catalog record associated with a reproduced item being described (i.e., in both the host item and analytic records when applicable).
7B24. Restrictions on access. If desired, record any special circumstance affecting access to material, such as restrictions of gift or bequest, special permissions required, restricted locality for use, or fragile condition. State whether it is preferable that a substitute physical form of the item be consulted in place of the original, such as a printed facsimile or a microform or digital reproduction.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
7B25. Terms governing use and 7B14.1. Restrictions on access. When the reproduction. If desired, record conditions material is not generally or immediately governing use and reproduction of material available to researchers, or when access and once access has been obtained. Indicate handling are restricted, make a note explaining limitations on use of content of material and the nature and extent of the restrictions. conditions affecting reproduction. Optionally, always note terms of access, even when access is unrestricted.
7B26. Location of originals / reproductions. 7B14.2. Limits on use and reproduction. If desired, record the name and location of the When limits are placed on use or reproduction repository with custody over originals or of the material, make a note explaining the reproductions of an item or items being nature and extent of the limits. described.
7B27. Cataloging history. Record here details 7B13.2. Location of originals/duplicates. concerning the origin of the content of an item Record the name of the individual or repository description. At a minimum, indicate whether an with custody of the originals or duplicate item description is the product of original copies of the manuscript, if known and if cataloging from an item in hand or from a considered important. Record other identifying reproduction, or whether an item description is information if considered important. provided from a previously existing item description (printed or handwritten), and indicate the date of an item description. Indicate revisions or additions to an item description following any earlier cataloging history. If desired, also record the name of the individual responsible for the content of an item description.
[intentionally left blank] [intentionally left blank] No DCRM(MSS) equivalent.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
[intentionally left blank] 7B1. Biographical/Historical/Administrative No AMREMM equivalent. Context. Make a note on the creators or other entities associated with a manuscript, when useful to amplify or explain historical or contextual information.
[intentionally left blank] 7B2.2. Manuscript containing two or more No AMREMM equivalent. works described together. Make a note transcribing the titles of, or describing, works that do not appear elsewhere in the description if considered important.
[intentionally left blank] 7B3.3. Address, place of production, No AMREMM equivalent. jurisdiction. If the address, place of production, and/or jurisdiction in the devised title is taken from a source other than the manuscript itself, see 7B9.1; if it differs from what appears on the manuscript, see 7B9.2.
[intentionally left blank] 7B3.4. Date. If the date in the devised title is No AMREMM equivalent. taken from a source other than the manuscript itself, see 7B9.1; if it differs from what appears on the manuscript, see 7B9.3.
[intentionally left blank] 7B3.5 Verse. When using the first line of a No AMREMM equivalent. poem, song, or hymn as the title, make a note on the source of the title.
[intentionally left blank] 7B3.6. Formal title not transcribed in the No AMREMM equivalent. title area. If devising a title for the manuscript because the formal title is inaccurate,
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
misleading, struck out, illegible, or uninformative, make a note indicating the presence of a title if considered important.
[intentionally left blank] 7B4.2. Transcription. Make a note when the No AMREMM equivalent. title is transcribed.
[intentionally left blank] 7B4.3. Original position of transposed title No AMREMM equivalent. elements. If elements in the formal title have been transposed in the description, make a note of their original position if considered important.
[intentionally left blank] 7B4.4. Title in a different hand or different No AMREMM equivalent. medium. Make a note if the title information is in a different or later script or hand from the main body of text of the manuscript, or if written in a different medium (pencil, ink, etc.).
[intentionally left blank] 7B4.5. Part information. Make a note on part No AMREMM equivalent. information that does not appear in the title if considered important.
[intentionally left blank] 7B4.6. Abridged title. Transcribe the full title No AMREMM equivalent. proper or other title information in a note if considered important.
[intentionally left blank] 7B5. Persons, families, or corporate bodies No AMREMM equivalent. [intentionally left blank] associated with the manuscript
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
7B5.1. Creator information. If the basis for the creator information is not immediately apparent, or requires further explanation, make a note; if considered important, include the source.
[intentionally left blank] 7B5.1.1. Forgeries or incorrect attributions. No AMREMM equivalent. Make a note on forgeries, or on incorrect attributions appearing in the manuscript itself, in the bibliographical literature, or in library catalogs.
[intentionally left blank] 7B5.2. Creator(s) unknown. If considered No AMREMM equivalent. important, make a note if the creator of the manuscript is unknown.
[intentionally left blank] 7B5.3. Persons, families, or corporate bodies No AMREMM equivalent. not named elsewhere in the description. Record the names of significant persons, families, or corporate bodies connected with the content of the manuscript, or its production (e.g., illustrators, editors, copyists, scribes, secretaries, recipients, signers, witnesses, binders, etc.), if they have not already been named in the description and if considered important. Give the authority for the information, if considered important.
[intentionally left blank] 7B6. Larger collection of which this No AMREMM equivalent. manuscript is a part. If the manuscript being
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
described is part of a larger collection, record the name of the collection in a note, if not apparent from the rest of the description. Provide an additional access point for the name of the collection if considered important.
[intentionally left blank] 7B9.3.4. Manuscript copy of a printed work. No AMREMM equivalent. If the date appearing on a manuscript reflects the publication or copyright date of a printed work of which the manuscript is a copy, make a note.
7B10. Physical description
[intentionally left blank] 7B10.1. General rule. Make a note on No AMREMM equivalent. physical details that are not already included in the physical description area, including whether the material is damaged, fragile, or heavily restored if considered important.
[intentionally left blank] 7B10.2. Original and/or previous physical No AMREMM equivalent. condition. Make a note about the manuscript’s original or previous condition if its current state differs if considered important.
[intentionally left blank] 7B10.3. Multi-part manuscripts. Record the No AMREMM equivalent. precise pagination and/or foliation if the
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
manuscript is in more than one physical unit if considered important.
[intentionally left blank] 7B10.4. Manuscripts that are partly or No AMREMM equivalent. mostly blank. Make a note giving the extent details if the manuscript is being described as “mostly blank,” “partly blank,” etc. if considered important.
[intentionally left blank] 7B10.5. Anomalies in foliation or pagination. No AMREMM equivalent. Record any anomalies in foliation or pagination if considered important.
[intentionally left blank] 7B10.6. Discrepancies in extent. If the No AMREMM equivalent. number of physical units of the manuscript in hand differs from the number of units originally produced, record this information in a note if considered important.
[intentionally left blank] 7B12. Location of other portions of the No AMREMM equivalent. manuscript. Make a note about the location of other portions of a manuscript if considered important.
[intentionally left blank] 7B13.1. Originals. If the manuscript consists No AMREMM equivalent. wholly or partially of a mechanical, photographic, or digital reproduction made after the original manuscript was produced, make a note describing the original item, if known, not apparent from the rest of the description and considered important. If the
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
originals are no longer extant, record this information if considered important.
[intentionally left blank] 7B15. Preferred citation. Make a note No AMREMM equivalent. providing the preferred citation for the manuscript, if considered important, and if not apparent from the rest of the description.
[intentionally left blank] 7B8.18 “With notes” No AMREMM equivalent.
1718.1. If the description is limited to one part of a manuscript that is made up of two or more distinct intellectual units, all or some of which are described separately, make a note beginning “With” or “Bound with” followed by a colon. List the other intellectual units of the manuscript in the note, in the order in which they are found.
[intentionally left blank] 7B18.2. For each work listed, give at least the No AMREMM equivalent. elements listed below: a) name of the creator, when known; normally give this element first, usually in catalog-entry form (e.g., with inversion of personal names under surname, but not necessarily including personal birth/death dates, corporate qualifiers, etc.) b) the title for the work (devised or formal), including material type; long titles may be shortened c) the date.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
[intentionally left blank] 7B19. Related materials. Make a note naming No AMREMM equivalent. related materials in the collecting repository or a different repository if considered important.
7B20. Exhibition history. If considered No AMREMM equivalent. important, record where and when the material has been exhibited.
8. Standard number and terms of availability (not in AMREMM or DCRM(MSS))
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
Appendices
A. Added entries AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comparison/Discussion Appendix A: Added Entry Access Appendix F. Title Access Points A1. General rule. Follow the general rules as F2. Rules relevant to the provision of title provided in AACR2R 21.29 access points. The list is presented in A2. Specific rules. Follow the specific rules DCRM(MSS) rule number order. Title access as provided in AACR2R 21.30, with the points considered optional are labeled as such following additions or modifications given below. A2.1. Two or more persons or corporate [intentionally left blank] No DCRM(MSS) equivalent. bodies involved. If two or more persons or corporate bodies are involved in the creation, translation, or editing of a work, or in the production of an item, make added entries under the headings for all persons or corporate bodies involved not given as the main entry. In cases where large numbers of persons or corporate bodies are involved, make added entries for as many persons or corporate bodies as practicable or that are deemed significant. A2.2. Analytical added entries. If two or 1F1-1F4. Titles of additional works more works contained in an item being (Optional) For other than supplementary cataloged are not given separate analysis, matter, provide access for the titles of make analytical added entries under the additional works named on a title page
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
appropriate title or author-title headings for without a collective title. Also, selectively all significant authors and titles of works (as provide access for titles of additional works determined by the cataloger) not given as the found in such a manuscript, although not main entry. named on the title page A2.3. Title added entry access. Title added F1. Introduction. Title access plays an entry access may be desirable in certain important role in enabling users to identify instances when access through variations or and locate special collections materials. While permutations of the title proper, alternate title, some title access will be handled by parallel title, or other title information will controlled forms, this appendix lists specific better facilitate the retrieval of an item. Titles situations, commonly encountered by rare given to works in manuscript can be highly materials catalogers, in which the provision of variable from one copy to another and, thus, uncontrolled title access points is likely to be be unpredictable, thereby diminishing the useful. This appendix is not intended as an value of the transcribed title both as a means exhaustive list of all instances in which of direct access and as a device for uncontrolled title access points may be made. collocation of multiple copies. More Use judgment in determining which forms of frequently it will be through the uniform title access will be most useful for the item in of the work or the manuscript (see Appendix hand. In general, do not include access points A3.1.2) that access will be sought. However, that duplicate normalized forms of existing within families of manuscripts or among title access points (e.g., the title proper, a certain common works there may be a degree uniform title, etc.). Take the indexing of commonality in the titles that will make capabilities of the institution’s local system increased title access desirable. A normalized into consideration when determining whether or classicized form of orthographic additional access points are needed. irregularities might also facilitate increased access. Make title added entries for variations of the title proper that are deemed significant and useful for increased access. The recommendations below should be applied at
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
the discretion of the cataloger as appropriate to the item in hand. A2.3. (cont.) General provision. Make an [intentionally left blank] added entry for the title proper as it has been transcribed, omitting only an initial article as required. If the title proper is lengthy, make a shortened added entry that ends at the first logical point after the fifth word. Make added entries for significant variations of the title proper, such as might appear in colophons, running titles, spine titles, cover titles, etc. A2.3. (cont.) 0G7. Title proper with corrected 0F5. Variantly and erroneously spelled misspellings, variant spellings, archaic words. Make an added entry for the title spellings, etc. If any of the first five words in proper using corrected and normalized the title proper contains a misspelling, variant spelling of words variantly or erroneously spelling, archaic spelling, etc., provide spelled, declined, or conjugated. In the case of additional title access for the corrected or Latin texts, provide classical spellings. In the modernized form of title proper. case of vernacular texts, provide the 0G4.3. Variant spellings involving spacing. normalized contemporary spellings (i.e., do If any variant or archaic spacing has been not modernize the spelling of a pre-modern transcribed in the first five words of the title vernacular languages, such as rendering an proper, provide additional title access for the Old French text in modern French spelling). form of title with modern spacing. A2.3. (cont.) [intentionally left blank] 0F6. Missing letters and illegible text. Make an added entry for a title supplying missing letters and illegible text without sign of editorial intervention. [intentionally left blank] 0G3.7. Title proper containing characters as substitutes for letters (Optional) If a title
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
proper contains hyphens or other characters as substitutes for letters, and the meaning of the characters is known, provide additional access to the decoded form of the title. [intentionally left blank] 0G6.4. Title proper with an interpolated blank. If a blank space intended to be filled in has been transcribed within the first five words of the title proper as the word “blank” enclosed in square brackets, provide additional title access for the form of title proper without the interpolated blank A2.3. (cont.) 0G4.2. Title proper with inserted spacing. 0F7. Manuscript corrections. If manuscript If any spacing has been inserted in the corrections have been incorporated as part of transcription of the first five words of the title a title, make an added entry for the title in its proper, provide additional title access for the uncorrected state, if desired. form of title with the words closed up. 1C1.2.1.2. Illegible, inaccurate, misleading, partly legible or struck out formal titles (Optional) In cases where a devised title is substituted for an illegible, inaccurate, misleading, partially legible, or struck out formal title, provide additional title access for the title as it appears on the manuscript. A2.3. (cont.) 0G8.2. Title proper with special marks of 0F8. Abbreviations. Make an added entry for contraction (Optional) If the title proper a title expanding fully all abbreviations contains a cataloger’s expansions of special without sign of editorial intervention. Unless marks of contraction, provide additional title considered necessary, do not make an added access for the title as it appears in the entry for a title preserving the abbreviations in manuscript, ignoring the marks of contraction. an unexpanded form. In addition, provide title access for the
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
transcribed form of the title proper, but without the square brackets. 0G4.4. Title proper with initials, etc. (Optional) If the title proper contains initials, initialisms, or acronyms with internal spaces, provide additional title access for the title with the spaces closed up. Conversely, if the title proper contains initials, initialisms, or acronyms without internal spaces, provide title access for the title with the spaces inserted. A2.3. (cont.) [intentionally left blank] 1B1. Title proper 1B1.4. Items lacking a collective title. Make added entries for titles other than the first transcribed as part of a collective title proper. A2.3. (cont.) [intentionally left blank] 7B4. Variations of title and statement of responsibility. [intentionally left blank] 0F2.2. Title proper in nonroman script. If nonroman text has been transcribed within the first five words of the title proper, provide additional title access for a romanized version of the title proper using the ALA-LC Romanization Tables. A3. Added entries required in the catalog [intentionally left blank] record. The following added entries required in the catalog record define only a minimum set of added entries for each level of description. Added entry access may be
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
selectively augmented according to local cataloging policies. For instance, an institution choosing to create summary descriptions for its holdings may also desire to provide added entry access for former shelfmarks, such as is normally given in a detailed description. In all cases, information is supplied on the basis of its availability and applicability. A3.1. Added entries required in a summary [intentionally left blank] description. A summary description requires at least the added entries listed below to be included in the catalog record, if the information is available and applicable. A3.1.1. Place of production (4C, 7B14). [intentionally left blank] Make a hierarchical added entry for the place of production of an item, giving the country, significant area subdivisions, and specific place. Use modern, established forms for place-names and geopolitical boundaries. If these names or boundaries have changed since the date of creation of an item, give the modern established forms for both the place- names and the original and modern boundaries. A3.1.2. Uniform title of the manuscript. [intentionally left blank] Make an added entry for the uniform title of a manuscript as a physical entity, following the provisions of AACR2R 25.13 and the related Library of Congress Rule Interpretation.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
Manuscripts usually possess two uniform titles, one for the work contained in the manuscript and one for the manuscript itself as a physical entity. While a manuscript as a physical entity will have only a single uniform title, the source for this title will either be the byname or popular name of the manuscript, if such a name exists, and in which case there may be multiple such names (see 7B18), or the shelfmark of the manuscript. An authority structure should exist or be created to resolve all cross- references. Regardless of whether an original manuscript or its reproduction is being cataloged, main entry access is given through the work. • For the manuscript copy of the Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer popularly known as the Ellesmere Chaucer and housed in the Huntington Library in San Marino, California, as MSEL 26 C 9: ... Added entry under uniform title: Ellesmere Chaucer
Only in the case of a work that exists in a unique manuscript copy will the uniform title
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
for the work and the manuscript as a physical entity be the same. • For the anonymous Mixtec manuscript showing in picture and hieroglyph the succession and genealogy of kings in pre-Conquest southern Mexico popularly known variously as the Codex Nuttall or Codex Zouche or Codex Zouche-Nuttall and housed in the British Library in London as MS Additional 39671: Main entry under uniform title: Codex Nuttal ... For manuscripts of sacred scripture or liturgical works an abbreviated form of the uniform title of the manuscript as a physical entity (either the byname or the shelfmark) is recorded as an addition to the uniform title for the work (see AACR2R 25.18A12 and 25.22B). Uniform title: Book of hours (Ms. De Brailes)... Added entry under uniform title: De Brailes hours
Uniform title: Book of hours (Ms. Honnold Library. Crispin 20)...
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
Added entry under uniform title: Honnold Library for the Associated Colleges. Manuscript. Crispin 20 ... Formulate a shelfmark as a uniform title according to AACR2R 25.13B1c. Do not repeat terms such as “manuscript,” “codex,” etc. or their abbreviations as part of the repository designation, unless these terms constitute essential or integral elements of the repository designation. A shelfmark is formulated differently in the notes (see 7B19) from the shelfmark as a uniform title. When applicable, include the foliation or pagination for the leaves occupied by the work being described. [intentionally left blank] 1B6. When using a devised title instead of the byname; provide additional title access for manuscript byname. Devised title: Telegram from Arthur Zimmermann, German foreign minister, to Venustiano Carranza, president of Mexico, 1917 January 19 Additional title access: Zimmermann telegram A3.2. Added entries required in a detailed [intentionally left blank] description. A detailed description requires at least the added entries listed below, in addition to those listed in A3.1, to be included
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
in the catalog record, if the information is available and applicable.
A3.2.1. Secundo folio (7B6). Make an added [intentionally left blank] entry for the secundo folio reference of a literary, legal, medical, scientific work, etc., but not for letters, legal documents, or archival records, owned in the Middle Ages by a corporate body. Identify this added entry with the designation “Secundo folio” followed by a colon. A3.2.2. Names associated with production [intentionally left blank] and ownership (7B14-15). Make added entries for all persons, families, or corporate bodies associated with the production and ownership of an item. [intentionally left blank] 1C2.1. Title proper with transposed elements (Optional) If an element appearing before the title proper has been transposed, provide additional title access for the element or for the title inclusive of the preceding element. If the preceding element has not been transposed, so that the title proper includes it, provide additional title access for the title without the preceding element. [intentionally left blank] 1C2.2. Title proper inclusive of an alternative title (Optional) Provide additional title access for an alternative title. [intentionally left blank] 1C2.3.1. Title proper with supplementary or section title (Optional) Provide additional
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
title access for a title that is supplementary to, or a section of, another work when both titles, whether or not grammatically separable, are recorded together as the title proper. If the supplement or section title is a title such as “Supplement” or “Chapter one,” however, and so is indistinctive and dependent for its meaning on the main title, generally do not provide additional access. [intentionally left blank] 1E13. Phrases about notes, appendixes, etc. (Optional) Provide additional title access for phrases concerning notes, appendixes, etc., if the phrase is distinctive and the additional access seems useful. [intentionally left blank] 7B4.7. Title variants and other titles (Optional) Provide additional access for any titles not chosen as the formal title, such as titles from covers, added title pages, colophons, captions, running titles, or spines. [intentionally left blank] 7B11. Titles of accompanying material (Optional) Provide additional access for any separate title on accompanying material deemed useful.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
B. Analysis AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comparison/Discussion Appendix B: Analysis Appendix F. Title Access Points B1. Analysis. Separate analysis of constituent 1F1-1F4. Titles of additional works As is often the case, this is optional in works contained in a manuscript codex or in a (Optional). For other than supplementary DCRM(MSS) and AMREMM is more composite manuscript codex is required for matter, provide access for the titles of proscriptive and detailed. detailed descriptions when applicable. Create additional works named on a title page catalog records for a composite manuscript without a collective title. Also, selectively codex using an analytic structure (see provide access for titles of additional works AACR2R 13.5) consisting of a host item found in such a manuscript, although not record for the codex itself and multiple named on the title page. analytic constituent records for individually analyzed works. Do not give separate analysis for the constituent parts of standard works whose contents vary within a defined set of texts (e.g., the Bible or liturgical and devotional works) or for compiled works (e.g., collections of sermons, hymns, letters, laws and statutes, charter, writs, and other legal documents, etc.), unless this is deemed desirable. Separate analysis for constituent works in a composite manuscript codex is not required when providing only a summary description, but it may be used if desired. A manuscript codex or composite manuscript codex containing multiple works that were originally produced as a unit or later bound together do not require the addition of a “Bound with” note in either the host item or
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
constituent works record. This information is indicated either through the contents note (which in all cases is required to be complete) or through a host item linking entry (see below). B2. Linking entries required in the catalog record. If an analytic structure is used to describe a host item and its constituent works, provide a host item linking entry in each of the analytic records for the constituent works to indicate the subordinate relationship of the analytic records to their host item. If desired, constituent unit linking entries may also be provided in the host item record to indicate the reciprocal relationship of the host item to its analytic records. However, constituent unit linking entries may not be used as a substitute for the contents note in the host item record. B3. Distribution of elements between host [intentionally left blank] No DCRM(MSS) equivalent. item and analytic catalog records. Distribute descriptive information, added entries, and subject analysis between host item and analytic catalog records according to the policies of the cataloging institution. A basic set of descriptive elements is required and common to all records (host item and analytic) regardless of level of description (see 0D). However, the principal that should guide the distribution of notes, added entries, and subject analysis between host item and
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analytic records is the appropriateness of this information and these access points to the host item as a whole or to the individual constituent work. The result is that some information is normally provided only in the host item record (e.g., Statement of Collation); some information is duplicated in both the host item record and its analytic constituent records (e.g., Form of Reproduction); some categories of information are repeated in both the host item record and its analytic constituent records, but contain synoptic information appropriate to the whole in one and specific information appropriate to the constituent work in the other (e.g., Contents); and some information is normally provided only in the analytic constituent record (e.g., Host Item Linking Entry). Particular circumstances, however, may affect the normal distribution of information, placing information normally provided in the host item record instead in the analytic constituent record (e.g., Script or Decoration particular to an individual work meriting separate treatment).
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C. Marc 21 AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comparison/Discussion Appendix C. MARC 21 coding summary Appendix A. MARC 21 descriptive and examples convention code MARC 21 Coding summary. A1-A6. When to use ǂe dcrmmss Minimal overlap between the two standards List of MARC 21 leaders, control fields, and tags that are most commonly used or required in constructing an AMREMM catalog record. MARC 21 Coding examples [intentionally left blank]
D. MARC 21 Cataloging record examples (Not in DCRM(MSS)
E. Concordance between rules in AACR2, DCRB, and APPM (Not in DCRM(MSS)
F. Bibliography AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comparison/Discussion Appendix F. Manuscript cataloging and Appendix G. Selected resources for reading Both standards have a bibliography, but they description bibliography early modern handwriting are quite different and serve different purposes. AMREMM’s bibliography is far more extensive, while DCRM(MSS)’s is focused on paleography.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
G. Glossary AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comparison/Discussion Appendix G. Glossary Glossary The following list consists only of those This glossary is intended to explain terms that AMREMM has a longer introduction, but fewer technical terms encountered in the text of need to be understood in order to apply terms in its glossary, though it does use more Descriptive Cataloging of Ancient, Medieval, DCRM(MSS). See also the glossaries in Latin. Renaissance, and Early modern Manuscripts. DACS; DCRM(B); AACR2, Appendix D; They are given only a functional definition and RDA here for use in conjunction with these guidelines and their definitions are not intended to be comprehensive or definitive beyond this context. More detailed information on these terms should be sought in appropriate specialized reference works, such as Denis Muzerelle, Vocabulaire codicologique: répertoire méthodique des termes francais relatifs aux manuscrits (Paris: CEMI, 1985); Michelle P. Brown, Understanding Illuminated Manuscripts: A Guide to Technical Terms (Malibu, Calif.: J. Paul Getty Museum; London: British Library, 1994); or Marilena Maniaci, Terminologia del libro manoscritto, Addenda: Studisulla conoscenza, la conservazione e il restauro del material librario, 3 (Rome: Istituto centrale per lapatologia del libro, 1998). Other terms not specifically defined here are assumed to accord with those given in the glossary that accompanies AACR2R.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
Autograph. A signature written by the Access point. A name, term, keyword, individual to whom it belongs. Do not phrase, or code that may be used to search, confuse with the subscribed attestation of an identify, and locate a descriptive record. See individual recorded by a scribe or notary, also Heading. such as a witness in a legal document. See Accompanying material. Material that is a also HOLOGRAPH physically distinct component, typically in a Ascender The upright stroke of a letter different form, of the item being described, extending above the HEADLINE, e.g. as in b, and intended to be used with that item. d, and h. Alternative title. The second part of a title proper that consists of two parts, each of which is a title; the parts are joined by the word “or” or its equivalent in another language, e.g., “The tempest, or, The enchanted island.” Archival collection. An organic accumulation of items created, received, and/or used by a person, family, or corporate body in the natural course of conducting their affairs. It may also be an artificial collection, intentionally acquired and assembled by an archival repository, individual, or other institution that does not share a common provenance or origin but that reflects some common characteristic, e.g., a particular subject, theme, or form. Archival description. A set of data that represents a collection or other unit of archival material, and that serves to identify, manage, and describe its origin, content, arrangement, and context, as well as its
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
relationship to the entity that generated or accumulated it. See also Bibliographic description. Attribution. The process of suggesting the nature or identity of some feature not explicit in the object described, especially authorship. The ascribing of a work to a particular creator. Autograph. A document written in the creator’s hand; a holograph. Alternatively, an individual’s handwritten signature. Baseline The line of writing (independent of Bibliographic record. A set of data recording the actual RULING) upon which the body or and identifying a manuscript in a library minim of a letter rests. In a block of text context (i.e., a description that details the lacking frame-ruling, used as the extreme formal elements of the materials, such as lower line from which the written space of a creator, title, dates, extent, and contents, manuscript is measured. Elements of a letter regardless of whether the manifestation is a extending below the baseline are called book, a photograph, a manuscript, a DESCENDERS. See also HEADLINE collection, etc.), to facilitate the identification, Bifolium A sheet of writing material (usually management, and understanding of the work. parchment, paper, or papyrus) folded in half See also Archival description. to produce a pair of conjugate leaves. Bifolium. A sheet (usually parchment or Multiple bifolia inserted into one another and paper) folded in half to produce a pair of sewn together through the fold makeup a conjugate leaves (see also Leaf). QUIRE. Born-digital. Originating in electronic Bulk date Inclusive range of dates for the format; a term applied to image, text, or other greatest concentration of items or works computer-created content that has no prior encompassed within a larger collection whose analog manifestation. extreme dates exceed those of the greatest Bound manuscript. Form composed of concentration. collected sheets of writing materials (usually
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
Byname The familiar name or nickname, as paper) typically folded and gathered either by opposed to the official SHELFMARK, by being sewn together or adhered to each other which a famous manuscript is popularly and usually provided with a protective cover, known. Also known collectively as ocelli such as a book (i.e., a codex). nominum. Bulk dates. The earliest and latest dates of the documents that constitute the largest part of the manuscripts being described. See also Inclusive dates. Byname. The familiar name or nickname by which a particular manuscript is commonly known as a physical object, as distinct from the work whose text it contains; e.g., the manuscript containing the work Histoire naturelle des Indes (Pierpont Morgan Library, MA 3900) is better known by the byname the Drake Manuscript. Catchword A word or phrase written in the Caption. A title usually given at the lower margin of the verso of the last leaf of a beginning of the first page of a text; also QUIRE that corresponds to the first word or refers to title information appearing at the phrase of the following quire. Used as a beginning of chapters or sections of a device to ensure the proper ordering of quires manuscript. when gathered together as a book. Orientation Chief title. The distinguishing word or on the page is usually horizontal, but may sequence of words that names a manuscript. also be vertical in later examples, or even This definition excludes alternative titles, diagonal. Catchwords may be plain or other title information, and subsidiary title decorated. See also QUIRE SIGNATURE information preceding the chief title. See also and LEAF SIGNATURE. Title proper. For manuscripts, the concept of Chirograph A document written in duplicate chief title applies only to formal titles. on the same sheet with the texts written in Chronogram. A phrase, sentence, or other opposite orientation to one another and a text in which the numeric values of certain
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
space left between the texts where the word letters (usually distinguished visually) express Chirographum (or some other word, phrase, a date when added together. or series of letters) was customarily, though Collection. 1. A group of materials with some not always, written, and through which a unifying characteristic. 2. Materials straight or indented cut was made separating assembled by a person, organization, or the two halves and producing copies that were repository from a variety of sources. 3. The the physical counterparts of one another. Used holdings of a repository. as a means of authentication. Also commonly Collector. The person, family, or corporate known as an indenture (when written in body that assembled a collection. triplicate or quadruplicate known as an Colophon. A statement, usually found at the indenture tripartite or quadripartite). end of a manuscript (typically a codex from Codex (pl. codices) Form of the book the scriptorium era), though it may appear composed of collected sheets of writing instead at the beginning, that provides material (usually parchment, paper, or information regarding the date, place, agency, papyrus) folded double to form bifolia which or reason for production of the manuscript. are then gathered into quires sewn together The colophon may be separate from or part of through the center fold which are themselves a closing rubric. Common name. See then assembled into sequential order and Byname. usually provided with a protective cover. A Container. Housing for an item, or group of codex may consist of a single quire or many, items, or a part of any item, that is readily and contain one or many individual physically separable from the manuscript manuscripts. housed within. See also Housing. Colophon A statement, usually found at the Copy. A text, graphic, or other cultural object end of a manuscript, though it may appear that is nearly identical to another one; a instead at the beginning, that provides facsimile; a reproduction; or a duplicate made information regarding the date, place, agency, from an original. It should be noted that a or reason for production of the manuscript. copy can vary significantly in its fidelity to Sometimes referred to as a subscription, the original. In some instances, it may be particularly when only the scribe and date are sufficient for a copy to capture only the
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specified. The colophon may be separate from intellectual content of the original without or part of the closing rubric. regard to formatting. Composite codex manuscript A manuscript Corporate body. An organization or codex composed of two or more physical association of persons that is identified by a parts of varying origin or date of production particular name and that acts, or may act, as that have been subsequently bound together. an entity. Examples include institutions, business firms, governments, government agencies, and religious bodies. Certain objects containing groups of persons that act as an entity, such as ships, spacecraft, and named buildings, are also treated as corporate bodies in descriptive cataloging. Creator. The individual, family, or corporate body responsible for a manuscript item’s intellectual or artistic content. The creator of a manuscript is usually but not necessarily the author. If a text is created by individual A and later copied out verbatim by individual B, individual A is considered the creator, being the entity responsible for the manuscript’s intellectual content. Custodial history. The succession of corporate bodies, families, or individuals who held materials from the moment they were created until the present. This history may provide details of changes of ownership or custody that are significant in terms of authority, integrity, and interpretation. See also Provenance.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
Descender The upright stroke of a letter Description. The creation of an accurate extending below the BASELINE, e.g. as in p representation of a unit of archival material by and q. the process of capturing, collating, analyzing, Diplomatic transcription A method of and organizing information that serves to transcription used in the production of a identify archival material and explain the diplomatic edition (distinct from a type context and records system(s) that produced facsimile) that attempts to represent by means it. See also Archival description, of a system of editorial signs the physical Bibliographic description. state of an individual manifestation of the text Devised title. A title provided by the of a work, reproducing original spellings, cataloger or archivist when there is no formal punctuation, and capitalization and showing title for the item being described, or where the all additions, suppressions, or substitutions formal title is illegible, incomplete, made to the text at the time of and subsequent misleading or inadequate. to its creation. Docket title. A title written, typed, or printed Dorse The reverse or back of a letter or legal on a document, or on a label affixed to the document. document, briefly indicating its contents or subject. Usually found perpendicular to the main text, on an otherwise blank page (e.g., the verso of the last leaf), on a document designed to be folded for filing. Document. Recorded information irrespective of medium. Often used to designate a written or printed work of a legal or official nature, such as a will, a marriage certificate, or the like. See also Record. Draft. A working manuscript or typescript written or produced during the composition of a work. See also Version. Eschatocol The concluding section of a legal Edition. All copies resulting from a single job document, such as a charter. In a public of typographical composition.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
document, the eschatocol normally contains Element. A word, phrase, or group of the attestation of the principal parties characters representing a distinct unit of involved, witnesses, notaries, etc., and a information that forms part of an area of dating clause indicating day, month, year, and formal description. The title element and the place of execution. place of production element are examples of Explicit The closing words of the text proper elements in a description of a manuscript. of a work, exclusive of any closing RUBRIC that might follow it. Commonly the introductory word of the closing rubric, though finit is also used. Originally an abbreviation of the Latin explicitus, as in the phrase explicitus est liber, meaning “the book is unrolled,” a usage taken over into the codex form of the book from the earlier roll. Used from the Middle Ages as a 3rd person singular verb meaning “here ends,” the plural form being expliciunt. Foliation Sequential numbering of individual Finding aid. A description of records that leaves. The front of the leaf is referred to as gives the repository physical and intellectual the recto (r) and the back as the verso (v). control over the materials and that assists Folio As a term of codicological description, users to gain access to and understand the one of the paired leaves of a BIFOLIUM. As materials. Also known as calendars, guides, a term of bibliographical reference, may be inventories, registers, container lists, etc. applied to either one of the paired leaves of a Foliation. The numbering of leaves in a bifolium or to a singleton. Abbreviated as fol. manuscript or printed work. The leaf bears a or fols. single reference number with recto and verso specified, for example, “27v” and “27r” indicating both sides of a leaf 27. See also Pagination.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
Form. 1. The physical (e.g., watercolor, drawing) or intellectual (e.g., diary, journal, daybook, minute book) characteristics of a document. 2. A printed document with clearly defined areas left blank that are to be completed later. 3. The materials and structure of an item; format. 4. The overall appearance, configuration, or shape, independent of its intellectual content. 5. A style or convention for expressing ideas in a literary work or document; documentary form, including extrinsic and intrinsic elements. Formal title. The title of a work as assigned at the point of creation or production, or historically associated with the work, typically appearing on a manuscript’s title page, colophon, or caption but occasionally appearing elsewhere in the manuscript or in reference sources. See also Devised title. Gathering See QUIRE. Gathering. One or more pairs of leaves— Gloss Marginal or interlinear comment, made up of a folded sheet, a fraction of a citation, interpretation, translation, etc., the sheet, or several folded sheets tucked one purpose of which is to explain or expand the inside another—that together form a distinct meaning of a text. unit for binding purposes. See also Signature. Grade of script The level of execution Graphic material. Generally, a two- employed in the writing of a given type of dimensional pictorial representation. SCRIPT, determined by the degree of care and rapidity (ductus) exercised in drawing its letter forms. Formal definition in the grades
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
of script are applied most frequently within the Gothic system of scripts: formata (carefully and slowly drawn), libraria or media (drawn with medium care and speed), and cursiva (rapidly drawn). Hand The characteristics exhibited by an Hand. Also known as handwriting, any kind individual in the writing of a SCRIPT. of writing on a document entered or inscribed Headline The line above which the bodies of by hand, as opposed to stamped or printed letters within a line of writing rise no higher, text. Not to be confused with Script. i.e. excluding ASCENDERS. Heading. A standardized name, word, or Holograph A manuscript in the handwriting phrase that serves as an access point. See also of its author. See also AUTOGRAPH. Access point. Holograph. See Autograph. Housing. The container or outer covering for a manuscript, such as a folder or cloth case. Often used to refer specifically to a covering added by the repository to protect the manuscript from wear. See also Container. Illumination Any painted or penwork Illustration. A pictorial, diagrammatic, or decoration (particularly gold or silver) used to other graphic representation occurring within adorn a manuscript, including such features as a publication. Does not include minor canon tables, calendars, carpet pages, author, decorative elements such as vignettes, head- donor, or evangelist portraits, miniatures, and tail-pieces, historiated initials, and initials, borders, etc., but excluding such printers’ ornaments. features as simple pen-flourished letters and Immediate source of acquisition. The line fillers, or the highlighting of letters or person or corporate body from whom the paragraph marks within a text usually manuscript being described was acquired executed in red or blue ink. through donation, purchase, transfer, etc. Incipit The opening words of the text proper Inclusive dates. The earliest and latest dates of a work, exclusive of any opening RUBRIC of the materials being described, or of the
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
that might precede it, of sufficient length to activity in question as they relate to the identify the work uniquely. Frequently used materials being described. See also Bulk during the Middle Ages as a means of dates. reference to a work, or to a specific passage Item. A single exemplar or instance of a or chapter within a work, in place of a title. manifestation. Also commonly the introductory word of the opening rubric. From the Latin incipere, meaning “here begins,” the plural form being incipiunt. Leaf One of the individual units (FOLIO or Leaf. See also Page. One of the individual singleton) making up a BIFOLIUM, QUIRE, units or folios making up a bifolium or or book. A leaf possesses a front and a back, gathering. A leaf possesses a front and a back, described as recto and verso, and may contain often described as “recto” and “verso,” and writing or decoration on one or both sides, or may contain writing or decoration on one or neither. As a term of codicological both sides, or neither. As a term of description, it is referred to as a leaf, codicological description, it is referred to as a regardless of whether it is foliated or leaf, regardless of whether it is foliated or paginated. As a term of bibliographical paginated. As a term of bibliographical reference, it is referred to as a folio if it has reference, it is referred to as a folio if it has been foliated (with the recto or verso sides been foliated (i.e., the leaf bears a single specified), or each of its sides is referred to reference number with recto and verso individually as a page if it has been paginated. specified, for example, “27v” and “27r” Leaf signature A combination of letters and indicating both sides of a leaf 27), or as a numbers written on the recto of the first-half page if each of its sides is referred to with its of the leaves of a QUIRE used as a device to own sequential number (i.e., “page 27” and ensure the proper ordering of quires within a “page 28” indicating the paginated sides of a book and leaves within a quire. The single leaf). individual elements of the leaf signature designating the quire and the leaf are themselves sometimes referred to separately
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
as the QUIRE SIGNATURE and the LEAF SIGNATURE. Line Filler A simple or decorated line or bar drawn to fill or justify any remaining unoccupied space in a line of text against a (usually) right margin. Manuscript From the Latin manu scriptus, Majuscule. A large, or capital letter (usually meaning “written by hand.” Both an adjective referred to as an upper-case letter in printing and a noun used to describe a method of or typography), as opposed to a small (i.e., production and its product: a book, letter, lower-case) letter, or minuscule. document, etc. written by hand, usually on Manifestation. The physical embodiment of parchment, paper, or papyrus. Use in an expression of a work; e.g., a particular distinction to CODEX to denote a component printed edition of a German translation of item making up part of a COMPOSITE Tennyson’s “Idylls of the King” is a MANUSCRIPT CODEX. As a noun, not manifestation of that expression of the work. applied to writing as inscribed on clay, stone Manuscript. An unpublished document, etc., nor properly to items such as typescripts, either hand- or type-written. mimeographs, or other mechanical or Mark of omission. Three periods in a row electronic means of substitution for (i.e., an ellipsis) indicating the omission of handwriting. one or more words in a sentence, which Minim The upright stroke of a letter standing would be needed to complete the grammatical between the BASELINE and HEADLINE, construction or to fully express the sense. e.g. as in m, n, u, and i. Membrane. A single sheet of parchment. Minuscule. A small letter (usually referred to as a lower-case letter in printing or typography), as opposed to a capital (i.e., upper-case) letter, or majuscule. Multilevel description. 1. The preparation of descriptions that are related to one another in a part-to-whole relationship and that need
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
complete identification of both the parts and the comprehensive whole in multiple descriptive records. 2. A finding aid or other access tool that consists of separate, interrelated descriptions of the whole and its parts, reflecting the hierarchy of the materials being described. Nickname. See Byname. Opisthograph (alt. Opistograph) A Other title information. Information that MANUSCRIPT containing writing on both appears in conjunction with, and is the recto and the verso, but generally used subordinate to, the title proper of a only to describe a ROLL possessing this manuscript. feature. Pagination Sequential numbering of each Page. One side of a leaf of paper or side, or page, of a LEAF. parchment in a manuscript or printed work. Palimpsest Any writing SUPPORT See also Leaf. (parchment, paper, or papyrus) whose original Pagination. The numbering sequence(s) text has been erased and which has been applied to the pages of a manuscript or subsequently reused to receive other writing. printed work. See also Foliation. The original text may still be visible or Parchment. A piece of animal skin, recover-able through the use of ultra-violet especially from a sheep or goat, dressed and light. prepared as a surface for writing or material Parchment Generic term used to denote any for binding. writing SUPPORT material made from Petition. A formal written request or animal skin, such as sheep, goat, calf, etc. supplication appealing to an individual or VELLUM is a term properly applied only to group in authority for some favor, right, or calf skin, which produces a very fine, white, mercy, or in respect of a particular cause. and thin writing surface lacking the Praeses. Generally found in the context of imperfections commonly found in the skins of academic theses or dissertations, the professor other or older animals. However, owing to its
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
qualitative associations the term vellum is who chairs a public disputation or thesis or frequently misapplied to writing support dissertation defense (see also Respondent). material from any animal that has been Proof. A set of preliminary printed sheets of a prepared to a similarly high level of quality. work, produced for checking purposes. This The term parchment is to be preferred in all printing facilitates copy-editing and the cases. resulting corrections and changes, leading Protocol The opening section of a public sometimes to the production of further proof- legal document, such as a charter, normally sheets, before the final printing of the edition. containing the invocation, superscription, Proof copy may take the form of long address, and salutation. continuous strips or sheets, known as galley proofs, or else the form of conventional-sized separate pages, known as page proofs. Provenance. Generally, the history of successive custody of a particular item or collection. Within the context of archival description, the relationships between records and the organizations or individuals that created, assembled, accumulated, and/or maintained and used them in the conduct of personal or corporate activity. Published. Offered for sale or issued publicly by a creator or issuing body. Quire A gathering of usually two or more BIFOLIA (or combination of bifolia and singletons) inserted into one another and sewn together through the fold. One or more quires sewn together may comprise a CODEX. Quire signature A number or letter written on the verso of the last LEAF of a QUIRE that follows in sequence the number or letter
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
of the preceding quire and is used as a device to ensure the proper ordering of quires within book. Distinct from LEAF SIGNATURE. Also known as quire numeration. Roll Sheets of parchment, paper, or papyrus Record. 1. A document in any form or sewn or pasted to one another to form a medium, created or received and maintained continuous writing surface with the text by an organization or person in the transaction oriented horizontally (usual in the case of of business or the conduct of affairs. 2. A papyrus) or vertically (usual in the case of written or printed work of a legal or official parchment and paper) along the length of the nature that may be used as evidence or proof; roll. a document. 3. Data or information that has Rubric A heading, characteristically written been fixed on some medium; that has content, in red ink, that either precedes a body of text context, and structure; and that is used as an and introduces the title of the work or its extension of human memory or to subdivisions (known as an opening rubric), or demonstrate accountability. 4. Data or follows a body of text or its subdivisions and information in a fixed form that is created or signals the conclusion of the work or received in the course of individual or subdivision (known as a closing rubric). An institutional activity and set aside (preserved) opening rubric normally begins with the word as evidence of that activity for future incipit and a closing rubric with the word reference. 5. An entry describing a work in a explicit, though both are distinct from the catalog; a catalog record. INCIPIT and EXPLICIT as the opening and Recto. The side of a sheet intended to be read closing words of the text proper of a work. first. Ruling A combination of horizontal and Reference sources. Any source, published or vertical bounding lines drawn or incised in unpublished, from which authoritative simple or complex patterns used to set out the information may be obtained, including written space on a page and to guide the line reference works, catalogs and inventories, of writing across the page. Also describes the authority files, dealer descriptions, etc. process of ruling. Ruling may be drawn in dry Respondent. A candidate for a degree who, or hard point using a stylus (i.e., “ruled in dry in an academic disputation, defends or
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
point”), in lead or silver point (i.e., “ruled in opposes a thesis proposed by the praeses; also lead,” or “in plummet,” or “in crayon,” or “in called the “defendant.” See also Praeses pencil”), or in ink using a pen (i.e., “ruled in pen”). A text block enclosed in upper and lower horizontal and inner and outer vertical bounding lines is said to be frame-ruled. Script A system of lettering or writing that Script. A type of writing hand; not the same possesses discernable characteristic features as a writing system or a handwriting style and which is identifiable as a type. A model (such as cursive or block letters). Gothic, or standard that guides the drawing of letter Secretary, Carolingian miniscule, and forms by an individual scribe. See also Sütterlin are examples of scripts. See also GRADE OF SCRIPT and HAND. Writing system. Seal An impression on malleable material, Secondary support. The material to which usually wax (sometimes metal, and later the writing support is attached, or on which it commonly shellac or a paper wafer), made by is mounted. a matrix engraved with images or characters Semi-diplomatic transcription. A indicating personal or corporate identity and transcription that maintains original spelling, used as a means of authentication. Term punctuation, capitalization, lineation, and applied equally to the impression as to the indentation. Abbreviations are expanded with object itself as well. Attached to a document the supplied letters noted. by cords or slips of parchment (pendant), or Signature. 1. A letter, numeral, symbol, or a applied directly to a document (en placard). group of such characters, printed at the foot of Secundo folio The first word or words of text the rectos of the first few leaves of an appearing on the second leaf of a work or intended gathering for the purpose of aiding manuscript. Frequently cited in medieval binders in correctly assembling the sections. (usually institutional) library catalogs as a See also Gathering. 2. Handwritten autograph, means of distinguishing between multiple which may or may not be the creator’s copies of the same work which share the same autograph. INCIPIT. Statement of responsibility. A statement of authorship, editorship, etc. which appears on
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
Shelfmark A mark consisting of a the title page, colophon, or caption of the combination of letters, numbers, or names manuscript. usually indicating the physical location of a Supplied title. See Devised title. manuscript within a particular fonds, room, Support. See Writing support or Secondary bookcase, or press and its position relative to support. other items on the same shelf or within the sequence of a collection. May also, or instead, possess topical signification or indicate accession or inventory order. In the past and today commonly used as the official designation for a manuscript and as the organizing principle for a manuscripts catalog. Sign manual A notary’s device or mark used as a means of authentication. Support Material (usually parchment, paper, or papyrus) used to receive writing or decoration. Also known as material support or writing support. Title page Separate page at the beginning of a Title. A word, phrase, character, or group of MANUSCRIPT given over predominantly to characters that names the manuscript being the display of the title and (usually) statement described. See also Alternative title, Other of responsibility of a work, or a text page at title information, and Title proper. the beginning of a manuscript on which the Title proper. The chief title of a manuscript, title and statement of responsibility is together with any grammatically inseparable physically distinguished from the text proper information preceding the chief title and any and appears more prominently than as simply alternative title. This definition excludes any part of the opening RUBRIC or as a running other title information following the chief title. title. For manuscripts, the concept of title proper applies only to formal titles.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
Unpublished. Not offered for sale or public distribution by a creator or issuing body. Vellum As a specific material designation Variant title. A title associated with a (see 5C1), use PARCHMENT. manuscript that differs from a title recorded as the title proper, or other title information. Vellum. See Parchment. Version. A particular state or form of a text or work that may be distinguished as a separate, complete entity. See also Draft. Verso. The side of a sheet intended to be read second. Virgule. In Gothic script, a pause mark ( / ) which may correspond to a comma, period, or other punctuation. Work. A distinct intellectual or artistic creation (i.e., the intellectual or artistic content). Writing support. Material (usually paper or parchment) used to receive writing. Writing system. A set of visible or tactile signs used to represent units of language in a systematic way, e.g., Cyrillic, Chinese, Hebrew, Braille.
AMREMM DCRM(MSS) Comments/Discussion
Appendices in DCRM(MSS), not in AMREMM Appendix B. Collection-level records No general use of this appendix is made for individual manuscripts. For collection-level descriptions of manuscripts, see DACS (Describing Archives: A Content Standard)
Appendix C. Capitalization C1. Introduction. DCRM(MSS) follows the rules for capitalization found in AACR2, Appendix A. For convenience, many of the general rules for capitalization in that appendix are summarized here. Unless otherwise instructed, capitalize according to the rules for the language involved. For rules on the capitalization of names of persons, corporate bodies, and places, and for rules that apply only to specific languages, consult AACR2, Appendix A.
Appendix D. Minimal-level records D1. Introduction. The elements of description provided in DCRM(MSS) constitute a full set of information for describing individual manuscripts. This appendix sets out a less than full level of description containing those elements recommended as a minimum for effective description of these manuscripts. Libraries and archives may turn to minimal-level description for individual manuscripts to provide some item-level access with the least amount of time and effort possible. These guidelines are provided in response to that need.
Appendix E. Variations requiring a new record No general use of this appendix is made for manuscripts.