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1. GOTLAND 4S. Fardhem 1. Gerete

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1. GOTLAND 4S. Fardhem 1. Gerete Catalogue of Coins from Verzeichnis der in Schweden the 9th–11th Centuries gefundenen Münzen des found in Sweden 9.–11. Jahrhunderts 1. GOTLAND 4S. Fardhem 1. Gerete EDIDIT Kenneth Jonsson COOPERANTIBUS Kenneth Jonsson, Ylva Holmberg Jansson KUNGL. VITTERHETS HISTORIE OCH ANTIKVITETS AKADEMIEN STOCKHOLM 2019-09-09 Fardhem FARDHEM 1. Gerete SHM 1219, GF Year: 1845, August COMMENTS As noted in CNS the composition is problematic with c. 1130) (Steffen 1928, 11). The replaced coins were three terminal phases: c. 1050, 1060s, and end of the no doubt acquired by the Grammar School. This 11th c. The t.p.q. c. 1050 refers to the 144 listed Ger- meant that a number of other coins (some of which man coins (786 have not been listed) and the Ang- were very late) were included in the Lilla Klintegårde lo-Saxon coins. The 1060s refer to two Danish coins, hoard before it was sent to Stockholm. Parcels from which date to c. 1060 and they are noted in the archi- the two later hoards had been returned to the finders val lists. There are three later German coins, no. 109 and some of these coins had evidently been acquired (1099-1102), 112 (1076-99), and 172 (after 1079?) by Enequist. A further support for this interpretation is listed in CNS, none of which are recorded in the (ad- the fact that in 1845 an exchange of coins between the mittedly incomplete) archival lists. Grammar School and KMK had taken place (SHM Another hoard (Lilla Klintegårde, Väskinde par., 1198), when KMK had acquired Anglo-Saxon coins, Gotland, found in 1841) has a similar strange com- which were missing in KMK. However, between 1845 position. With the exception of a coin of William I and 1849 the grammar school had acquired i.a. nine (1066-1087) the English coins have t.p.q. 1029, while coins of Edward the Confessor which were missing among the German coins there are two dozen coins in KMK and only later acquired by KMK in another with t.p.q. later than 1029 (up to t.p.q. 1090). In this exchange in 1879 (SHM 6359). Many of these coins case the composition can be explained. The senior lec- are likely to have come from the Gerete hoard, which turer Johan Enequist (1787-1856) of Visby Grammar was rich in coins of Edward the Confessor. This is School (Visby högre allmänna läroverk) was inter- supported by the fact that six of them (Hd 35, 61, 74, ested in and responsible for the coin collection at the 310, 447, 598) have a patina which is compatible with school. Before the Lilla Klintegårde hoard was sent that of Gerete. to Stockholm, he was able to investigate the hoard. Thus, it is evident that the strange chronological While doing it he replaced 124 coins with coins from composition of Gerete, as documented in CNS 1.4.1, two hoards found in 1838 (Stale, Rone par. Gotland, is due to coins from two later hoards being includ- t.pq. 1070 and Tomsarve, Eksta par., Gotland, t.p.q. ed in the hoard before it was sent to Stockholm. It 3 is probable that not only the three much later coins It has also been possible to find a detailed, but in- do not belong to the hoard (the coins have not been complete, list covering 57 of the Danish coins (ATA available for study of the patina), but also some coins B16). Together, the archival lists are the basis for the which are contemporary with the Gerete hoard also present list of the Danish coins in the hoard, which in- originally came from the Stale and Tomsarve hoards. clude the two preserved coins (CNS 1.1.1.1655-56) of This can only be established by examining the patina which no digital images are available at the moment. of all the preserved coins under the inventory number Two Danish coins in Gotlands Museum have been SHM 1219. identified based on patina and three German coins in One of the archival lists state that there were 5 the systematic collection of KMK, based on coins in Byzantine coins (4 complete and 1 fragment), that is the archival list. Two further German coins are listed one more than in CNS. here in more detail. Only coins with a very clear pati- In CNS 1.4.1 it was noted that part C, consisting na have been included, but there are a number of more of approximately 376 worn German coins, including coins where the patina is very close in appearance. 50 Anglo-Saxon and Danish and 1 Byzantine coin” The Danish coins have been listed in their entire- , was returned to Gotland to be included in the col- ty. Otherwise, only the coins which have now been lection of the grammar school. This collection was identified and preserved (Anglo-Saxon) or the Ger- deposited at Gotlands Fornsal (now Gotlands Muse- man coins listed in more detail compared to CNS are um). 27 Anglo-Saxon coins of Æthelred II and Cnut listed here. The old numbers have been retained here. have tickets with information that they are part of One coin in Gotlands Museum (no. 1002a) does not the Gerete hoard and that they were acquired on 27 correspond to any coin in the archival list. Since it has November 1845. These coins have a distinct patina the right patina it must be assumed that it was part (with one exception) and based on this patina, and of the hoard, but never listed (there are a number of other available information, it has been possible to lists covering coins in the hoard). The preserved Ang- identify a total of 30 coins of Edgar, Harold I, Harth- lo-Saxon coins kept in Gotlands Museum (Æthelred acnut, and Edward Confessor in the Hildebrand col- II and Cnut) are marked with “GF”. The remainder lection in KMK as coming from the Gerete hoard. are kept in KMK (Edgar, Harthacnut, Harold I, and This also allowed a few coins which had been listed Edward the Confessor). without information of the type to be identified. A Thus, the t.p.q. of the Gerete hoard can be fixed at similar search for coins of Æthelred II and Cnut in c. 1060. Since the coin import to Gotland decreased the Hildebrand collection was not possible, because sharply during the 1050s there is no great difference these series are at present not available for study and between a t.p.q. c. 1050 or c. 1060, the more so since no digital photos are available. the majority of the German coins are unknown. 4 FARDHEM 1. Gerete (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Deutsches Reich OBERLOTHRINGEN Trier 76 EB. Poppo 1016-47 Dbg 469. Weiller 1988, 50.4. 1.00 KMK systematische Sammlung NIEDERLOTHRINGEN Westniederlothringischer Raum Münzsrätte? 83 Hg Gottfried I 1012-1023 Dbg 1179. Ilisch 2014, 36.1. 1.31 KMK systematische Sammlung Kölner Raum Köln 96a Kg Heinrich II 1002-14 Häv. 137. KMK systematische 1.00 Sammlung SACHSEN Westfalen Minteona 155 Kg Heinrich III 1039-46 Dbg 726. Ilisch 1977, Abb. 14 1.48 (Minden?); Kluge 2013, Typ 2 (Dortmund). KMK systematische Sammlung Niedersachsen (Goslar u.a.) 169 Otto-Adelheid-Pfennig 1025-50 Hz V, 4l/m Nachprägung FRANKEN Mainz 217 B. Willigis 975-1011 Dbg 801/802 5 FARDHEM 1. Gerete (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) England EDGAR 959-975 Reform Small Cross 995* Norwich Asleikr Oslac Hd 32 (this coin) 1.66 ÆTHELRED II 978-1016 Crux 1002a* Cambridge Eadric Edric Hd 1161. GF 1.25 1003* Canterbury Leofric Hd 199. GF 1.65 1009* Exeter Tuna Hd 588. GF 1.48 1032* Winchester Beorhtnoth Berhtnath Hd 4112. Harvey 2012, 1.72 347g. GF 1033* do. Leofweald Leofwold Hd 4277. Harvey 2012, 1.68 462a. GF Long Cross 1053* Exeter Dunstan Hd 507. GF 1.42 1071* London Æthelweard Æthelwerd Hd 2164. GF 1.65 1072* do. Beorhtlaf Brihtlaf Hd 2237. GF 1.58 1073* do. Eadweald Eadwold Hd 2428. GF 1.41 1074* do. Eadwine Hd 2403-2404. GF 1.56 1075* do. Sibwine Hd 2905. GF 1.67 1104* Norwich Svertingr Swertinc Hd 3191. GF 1.44 1111* Stamford Godleof Godeleof Hd 3498. GF 1.44 1122* Winchester Beorhtnoth Byrthnoth Hd 4169. Harvey 2012, 1.75 579t. GF Last Small Cross 1194* Thetford Eadwine Edwine Hd 3734. GF 1.22 CNUT 1016-35 Quatrefoil 1236* Bath Ælfweald Alfwald Hd 37. GF 1.16 1458* York Bretakollr Bretecol Hd 497-498. GF 1.02 1459* do. Styrkollr Stircol Hd 753. GF 1.03 Pointed Helmet 1286* Lincoln Iosteinn Iustan Hd 1589. GF 1.14 1320* London Æthelweard Ælwerd Hd 1988-1990. GF 1.06 1321* do. Eadric Edric Hd 2251-2252. GF 0.95 1322* do. Eadsige Etsige Hd 2339. GF 1.03 Short Cross 1323* London Eadmund Hd 2138-2139. GF 1.00 6 FARDHEM 1. Gerete (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 1324* do. Goda God Hd 2357-2359. GF 1.03 1325* do. Godric Hd 2463-2465. GF 1.02 1460* York Crucan Hd 539-547. GF 1.15 1461* do. Ucede Hd 818. GF 1.11 HARTHACNUT 1035-1037 Jewel Cross 1537* Wallingford Burhwine Burewine Hd 195 (this coin). 1.13 SCBI Sto IV 89 HAROLD I 1035-40 Jewel Cross 1490* Derby Wulfheah Wulfheh Hd 100 (this coin). 1.18 SCBI Sto IV 189 Fleur-de-Lis 1505* Hastings Ælfweard Ælfwerd Hd 270 (this coin). 1.12 SCBI Sto IV 861 1519* Shrewsbury Wulfraed Wulfrd Hd 836 (this coin). 1.12 SCBI Sto IV 1331 EDWARD THE CONFESSOR 1042-66 Pacx 1541* Bedford Ulfketill Ulfcytel Hd 16 (bis).
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