The Pneumatic Experiences of the Indian Neocharismatics
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View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Birmingham Research Archive, E-theses Repository THE PNEUMATIC EXPERIENCES OF THE INDIAN NEOCHARISMATICS By JOY T. SAMUEL A Thesis Submitted to The University of Birmingham for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of Philosophy, Theology and Religion College of Arts and Law The University of Birmingham June 2018 i University of Birmingham Research e-thesis repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and /or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any success or legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. i The Abstract of the Thesis This thesis elucidates the Spirit practices of Neocharismatic movements in India. Ever since the appearance of Charismatic movements, the Spirit theology has developed as a distinct kind of popular theology. The Neocharismatic movement in India developed within the last twenty years recapitulates Pentecostal nature spirituality with contextual applications. Pentecostalism has broadened itself accommodating all churches as widely diverse as healing emphasized, prosperity oriented free independent churches. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the Neocharismatic churches in Kerala, India; its relationship to Indian Pentecostalism and compares the Sprit practices. It is argued that the pneumatology practiced by the Neocharismatics in Kerala, is closely connected to the spirituality experienced by the Indian Pentecostals. Spiritual gifts, healing, spiritual warfare, exorcism, prayer and worship are significant to both movements. While emphasizing about healing, prosperity, and the miracles the movement is unable to cater the pastoral needs of those who could not experience any. The daily Christian experience with struggles and pain shapes the pneumatology of the Neocharismatics. However, the Neocharismatics practice it as emotional engagement with a modern outlook that relates to globalization. The argument engages with Pentecostalism as a global movement, and Neocharismatic Christianity as an advanced version of globalized Pentecostalism. Healing, prosperity and miracles give prime importance in the church. Hence spiritual life is seen as a fulfilment of a way out of the struggles of material life. This thesis suggests the need to construct a pneumatology for the Neocharismatics, which is focused towards the Christian doctrine. The Holy Spirit leads one to the knowledge and the joy in the Lordship of Jesus Christ, which overtakes any negative situations of life and transforms the believer to the image of Jesus Christ. ii Acknowledgment At the very outset, I recognize the presence of God in my life, who called me and separated me for Christian ministry. I love Him, in Him I live; He is the source of all wisdom and understanding. His unceasing care, mercy and provision are indeed incomparable. All glory, honour and praise be to Him alone! I am delighted to express my gratitude to few people and Institutions who were significant in the completion of this journey. Enormous thanks to Dr. Allan Anderson, who not only supervised the thesis prudently but also offered helpful directions and suggestions throughout this thesis. His rich knowledge on World Pentecostalism, especially on Indian Pentecostalism benefited me a lot. He stirred up my thinking towards key issues of Pentecostalism. I am indebted to Dr. Idicheria Ninan for encouraging me to pursue my doctoral studies. I acknowledge IPC Theological Seminary family for their prayer support and help. I cannot forget the noteworthy contributions of Pastor, Dr. Wessly Lukose and the church, The Birmingham Pentecostal Fellowship, UK. Their prayer support was a source of immense blessing in my life. My sincere thanks to everyone in the church. Thanks to Dr. Sophie Brenmer for her help in the language assistance. I deeply acknowledge the financial help, prayer support and encouragement of Mr. K. Varkey Abraham, Chairman, Abu-Hail group of Companies L.L.C. Dubai, and his family. Without his contribution this would not have been possible. I would like to thank my dear wife Anju, our children Jeffrey and Joeline for their enduring love and prayer support throughout this project. I deeply acknowledge the encouragement, love and prayer of my parents Mr. T. M. Samuel and Aleyamma Samuel, who also trained me in Christian values and taught me to love God. Many thanks to all the people who gave me information through interviews, phone calls, and also shared their views which enriched this research. iii To Anju, Jeffrey and Joeline With love iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ACA Apostolic Church Alliance AG Assemblies of God AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome BJP Bharatiya Janata Party CD Compact Disc C E Christian Era CG Church of God CMS Church Missionary Society CSI Church of South India DVD Digital Versatile Disc ENHF Eschol National Harvest Festival IDPCM International Dictionary of Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements IPC Indian Pentecostal Church of God IPCKTS Indian Pentecostal Church Kottayam Theological Seminary ISAE Institute for the Study of American Evangelicals LMS London Missionary Society MA Master of Arts MDiv Master of Divinity M Th Master of Theology OT Old Testament NT New Testament NFI New Frontiers International v PRDS Prathyaksha Raksha Daiva Sabha RSS Rashtreeya Swayamsevak Sangh RSV Revised Standard Version SAIACS South Asia Institute of Advanced Christian Studies SNDP Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana SJPS Sadhu Jana Paripalana Sngham St.Thomas Saint Thomas SVD Society of the Divine Word TPM The Pentecostal Mission UK United Kingdom USA The United States of America VHP Vishwa Hindu Parishad WCC World Council of Churches vi TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1 1.1The Aim of the Research ...................................................................................... 4 1.2.1. Pentecostalism ................................................................................................. 6 1.2.2. Classical Pentecostals ...................................................................................... 7 1.2.3. Charismatics .................................................................................................... 8 1.2.4. Neocharismatics .............................................................................................. 9 1.2.5 Globalisation and Glocalisation ..................................................................... 12 1.3. Research Context .............................................................................................. 13 1.4. Scope of the Study ............................................................................................ 18 1.5. Methodology of the Research ........................................................................... 19 1.6 Objectives of the Study ..................................................................................... 20 1.7. The Relationship to the Scholarship ................................................................. 21 1.8. Overview .......................................................................................................... 22 CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................... 1 A BRIEF HISTORY OF PENTECOSTAL AND NEOCHARISMATIC MOVEMENTS IN KERALA, INDIA .......................................................................... 1 1.2 Christianity in India ............................................................................................. 2 1.3 Pentecostalism in India ........................................................................................ 4 1.3.1 Mukti Mission Revival and Indian Pentecostalism .......................................... 7 1.4 The Context of Kerala before Independence ....................................................... 9 1.4.1 The Religious Background of Kerala ........................................................... 9 1.4.2 Socio- Cultural Context of Kerala .............................................................. 10 1.4.3 The Christian Community in Kerala ........................................................... 12 1.5 The Context of Pentecostalism in Kerala .......................................................... 13 1.5.1 The Social Structure of Kerala Pentecostalism ........................................... 14 1.6 History of Revivals in Kerala ............................................................................ 15 1.6.1 The Role of Bible Translation in the revival .............................................. 16 1.6.2 The Revival and Protestant Missions .......................................................... 18 1.7 The Origin of Pentecostalism in Kerala ............................................................ 21 1.7.1 The Theory of Many Jerusalems ................................................................ 22 1.7.2 John Christian Arulappan- A Predecessor of Indian Revivals.................... 24 1.7.3 The Influence of National Revivals ...........................................................