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Heritagising the Everyday : the Case of Muyuge Cuiyan WEN

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Heritagising the Everyday : the Case of Muyuge Cuiyan WEN Lingnan University Digital Commons @ Lingnan University All Open Access Theses and Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 10-10-2018 Heritagising the everyday : the case of Muyuge Cuiyan WEN Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd Part of the Critical and Cultural Studies Commons Recommended Citation Wen, C. (2018). Heritagising the everyday: The case of Muyuge (Doctor's thesis, Lingnan University, Hong Kong). Retrieved from https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/20 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Digital Commons @ Lingnan University. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Open Access Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Lingnan University. Terms of Use The copyright of this thesis is owned by its author. Any reproduction, adaptation, distribution or dissemination of this thesis without express authorization is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved. HERITAGISING THE EVERYDAY THECASEOFMUYUGE WEN CUIYAN PHD LINGNAN UNIVERSITY 2018 HERITAGISING THE EVERYDAY THECASEOFMUYUGE by WEN Cuiyan 温翠艳 Athesis submitted in partial fulfillment ofthe requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Cultural Studies Lingnan University 2018 ABSTRACT Heritagising the Everyday The Case of Muyuge by WEN Cuiyan Doctor of Philosophy Ever since the commencement of the new millennium, intangible cultural heritage, the cultural concept and campaign promoted by the UNESCO has rapidly spread the world. In China, thousands oftraditional cultures and everyday practices have been absorbed into the intangible heritage system over the past decade, which is reshaping people's perception and engagement with everyday life and traditions. Intangible cultural heritage as an 'imported' concept has been highly localised and resituated in contemporary China. I seek to examine how intangible heritage as a prevalent cultural phenomenon incorporates everyday practices into regional and national narratives in China in light ofthe marketization oftraditional culture and the political and cultural agenda of 'the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation'. Furthermore, I attempt to historicise the concept of heritage in China's history of modernisation especially since around the establishment ofthe PRC in 1949. Through the historicised approach, I aim to demystify the imaginary of heritage and interrogate how cultural heritage turns from something to be reformed in the revolutionary era to something to be 'protected' and 'preserved' in the consumer society. Under such scope,l examine in detail the changesof mwywge (木鱼歌),aformer popular everyday practice in the Pearl River Delta area, as it successively becomes an intangible heritage ofthe provincial and national levels. Despite its prevalence, muyuge was peripheral, marginalised in the both the cultural and geographical senses. I contextualise muyuge in the economic restructuring ofthe Pearl River Delta area and analyse the process of an everyday practice being reconstructed as an intangible heritage. Based on fieldwork interviews, policy analysis and media analysis, I particularly examine the reconstruction of muyuge's performing practices, the reshaping of muyuge practitioners and its connection with the restructuring of an industrial town. I arguethat intangible heritage is gradually replacing previous values and understanding offolk culture with ideas ofcapital, market and nationalistic identities, and that the autonomy of everyday life has been dissolved and re-incorporated into thedominant discourse. DECLARATION I declare that this is an original work based primarily on my own research, and I warrant that all citations of previous research, published or unpublished, have been duly acknowledged. WEN Cuiyan CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL OF THESIS HERITAGISING THE EVERYDAY, THE CASE OF MUYUGE by WEN Cuiyan Doctor of Philosophy Panel of Examiners : (Chairman) (External Member) (Internal Member) (Prof. CHAN Ching Kiu Stephen) (Internal Member) (Prof. IP lam Chong) Chief Supervisor: Prof. CHAN Ching Kiu Stephen Co-supervisor: Prof. YU Siu Wah (Prof. MOK Ka Ho Joshua) Chairman, Postgraduate Studies Committee J 〇 OCT 2018 Date Contents Introduction................................................................................................................1 Part One T hehistorical formation of m uyuge........................................................... 41 Preamble Discoveryand Reformation, China's folk culture in the 20th century........ 42 1. Muyuge as an everyday practice.........................................................................54 2. Periphery and the survival of muyuge............................................................... 87 PART Two THEMAKING OF MUYUGE INTO HERITAGE...........................................................114 3. Intangible cultural heritage under the great rejuvenation..............................115 4. THECULTURALRECONSTRUCTION OF AN INDUSTRIALTOWN......................................... 151 5. Reshaping the inheritor.................................................................................... 189 6. Creativity and changes in performing practices................................................ 221 Conclusion...............................................................................................................257 Appendix 1 Singing the Sweet Rice Ball.....................................................................268 Appendix 2 Main Interviewees................................................................................... 269 Appendix 3 Events I participated during fieldwork.................................................... 271 Glossary...................................................................................................................273 BIBLIOGRAPHY.............................................................................................................279 List of Tables Table 1 巳ooksand thesisrelated to muyushu and muyuge fromthe 1950sto 1980s 75 ii List of Figures Figure 1 Map of China........................................................................................................ 35 Figure 2 Map of Guangdong and the Pearl River Delta Cities.......................................... 35 Figure 3 Map of Dongguan and the places where I conducted fieldwork........................36 Figure 4 Cai Yanfen, 1978, The Writing and Composition of Nanyin, Longzhou and Muyu ..........................................................................................................................................235 Figure 5 the Teaching and Learning Centre of Muyuge, 2016, Moyu, the T eaching of Muyuge Writing and Performing.....................................................................................241 in Acknowledgements My deepest gratitude goes to my chief supervisor Prof. Chan Ching Kiu Stephen, co-supervisor Prof. Yu Siu Wah and my former chief supervisor Prof. Li Siu Leung. It is my greatest honour to be their student. Prof. Chan5s help is always timely and right to the point. His manner of critical thinking and writing has deeply influenced me as a young scholar. Prof. Yu is a learned, patient and open listener. Talking with him is a delightful and rewarding experience. Towards the final stage, Prof. Chan and Prof. Yu read my chapters line by line and gave many constructive comments, which greatly helped me enhance this thesis. I sincerely appreciate their efforts. I also owe big thanks to Prof. Li, who led me to Cultural Studies and the aesthetic world of ^iqu and qu;yi. I am grateful that Prof. Li gave me insightful advices and supported me even after he resigned from Lingnan and ceased being my official supervisor. I also want to express my sincere thanks to the brilliant exam panel, Prof. Lau Yin Ping, Prof. Yung Sai-Shing, Prof. Ip lam Chong and Prof. Chan Ching Kiu, for their time to read the thesis and their critical and constructive comments. Their insights do not only aim at thesis revision, but also guide me towards further development of the study. I owe a very important debt to the people who have been willing to share their singing and stories or helped me with my fieldwork. Aunt Runzhen, Aunt Fang, Aunt Di, Aunt Chan (passed away in 2016), Aunt Rong, Aunt Yi, Uncle Huang, Uncle Chen, Uncle Tang, Mr. Li Zhongqiu, Mr. Shi Luguang, Mr. Yang Baolin, Mr. Zhang Tiewn, Peiyi, Ah Shi, Ah Jiao, and more. And special thanks for my grandmother Chen Jinwan. Her endurance and silent contribution to the family are the deep and initial driving force that led me to this study. I extend my gratitude to the faculty members of Department of Cultural Studies: Prof. Tejaswini Niranjana, Prof. Ip Iam-chong, Prof. Leung Yuk-ming, Prof. Lau Kin-chi, Prof. Chan Shun-hing, Prof. Wang Xiaoming, Prof. Hui Po-keung, Prof. Chen Yun-chung, Prof. Law Wing-sang, Prof. Roberto Castillo, Prof. Anjeline de Dios, Prof. Yoon Soo Ryon, Prof. Fan Lai-Tze, and Dr. Yau Hoi-yan. They show me models of what true scholars should be with their diligent academic contribution and passionate social commitment. I especially thank Prof. Tejaswini Niranjana who followed almost every stage of my study, offering great thoughts and the warmest smile. I also want to thank the administrative staff, Josephine, Jenny, Amber, Shan-shan, and Cathy for their constant support. My life at Lingnan became more meaningful with the the companion of my brilliant postgrad fellows, Ted, Toto, Anneke, Marloes, Mikee, Dayang, Chow, Kelvin, Xiaohui,
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