Technical Assistance Report

Project Number: 44238 Capacity Development Technical Assistance (CDTA) December 2011

Nepal: Urban Transport Planning and Management

The views expressed herein are those of the consultant and do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s members, Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 18 November 2011)

Currency Unit – Nepalese rupee/s (NRe/NRs) NRe1.00 = $0.012389 $1.00 = NRs80.72

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB – Asian Development Bank BSC – Submetropolitan City CDIA – City Development Initiatives in Asia DOR – Department of Roads DOTM – Department of Traffic Management DUDBC – Department of Urban Development and Building Construction MPPW – Ministry of Physical Planning and Works REC – regional economic center TA – technical assistance

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE CLASSIFICATION

Type – Capacity development technical assistance (CDTA) Targeting classification – General intervention Sector (subsector) – Transport, and information and communication technology (urban transport) Themes (subthemes) – Capacity development (institutional development), economic growth (widening access to markets and economic opportunities), and environmental sustainability (urban environmental improvement) Location impact – Urban (high), rural (low), national (medium), regional (low)

NOTE

In this report, "$" refers to US dollars.

Vice-President X. Zhao, Operations 1 Director General S. H. Rahman, South Asia Department (SARD) Director S. Widowati, Transport and Communications Division, SARD

Team leader C. Chen, Transport Specialist, SARD Team members H. Iwasaki, Principal Portfolio Management Specialist, SARD N. Saito, Senior Urban Development Specialist, SARD A. D. Shrestha, Project Officer (Transport), SARD W. Tawisook, Transport Specialist, SARD K. Yangzom, Environment Specialist, SARD

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

I. INTRODUCTION

1. The Government of has requested capacity development technical assistance (TA) from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to strengthen its capacity for planning and managing urban transport.1 The TA is included in ADB’s country operations business plan 2011–2013.2 A fact-finding mission was fielded from 15 to 19 August 2011 to formulate the TA together with the government and other stakeholders. The mission reached agreement with the government on the impact, outcome, outputs, implementation arrangements, cost, financing arrangements, and terms of reference for the consulting services. A design and monitoring framework is in Appendix 1.

II. ISSUES

2. The end of Nepal’s decade-long conflict has brought opportunities for sustainable economic development. The restoration of peace is benefiting the economy as a whole and in particular the services sectors. The services sectors have recorded an average annual growth rate of 5.5% since 2006, which is about 1.5% higher than that of overall gross domestic product during the same period.3 This growth is being driven by the health, social, communication, education, and tourism-related sectors. Such a growth pattern highlights the fast expansion of urban areas where most of these services are provided.

3. Like most countries, cities in Nepal are the prime centers for economic growth, offering a more secure and convenient life than rural areas. In 2010, only about 19% of Nepali lived in urban areas, far behind the world average of 50.5%. However, the urban population is increasing by over 4.7% annually, which is much faster than the world average of 1.85%.4 Nepal still has significant potential for further migration of the rural population to urban areas, and the fast pace of urbanization presents big and immediate challenges for city managers. The cities need to be prepared, both in institutional capacity and physical infrastructure, to accommodate the demands for quality urban life with accessible basic services such as transport, water supply and sanitation, and waste management.

4. In Nepal, Valley has led the trend toward urbanization for decades, with relatively little investment being made in other urban areas. With a population of about 2 million, further development of is now facing constraints from its physical limitations.5 Outside Kathmandu Valley, the pressing development issues in major urban areas are the lack of capacity for urban planning, and the shortage of resources for providing basic services, including public transport. In addition, in cities and towns outside Kathmandu Valley, urbanization is expected to increase at a faster pace than before. Proactive transport planning and management is therefore becoming necessary and urgent to accommodate the growing demand for urban transport.

1 The TA first appeared in the business opportunities section of ADB’s website on 11 August 2011. 2 ADB. 2010. Nepal: Country Operations Business Plan 2011–2013. Manila. The TA title has been changed from “Green Transport Initiative” in the country operations business plan (COBP) to “Urban Transport Planning and Management” following discussions with the government. The TA type and amount remain the same as in the COBP. 3 Ministry of Finance. 2011. Economy Survey. Kathmandu. 4 Central Intelligence Agency. 2011. The World Factbook. Washington, DC. 5 ADB. 2010. Report and Recommendation of the President to the Board of Directors: Proposed Loan, Grant, and Administration of Grant to Nepal for the Kathmandu Sustainable Urban Transport Project. Manila.

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5. In Nepal, basic urban services are jointly managed by three tiers of government: the central government, district development committees, and municipalities. The municipalities are responsible for leading urban planning and development management, but most of them are seriously handicapped by the shortage of capacity in planning, management, and revenue generation. No dedicated unit or section for urban transport has been established in the municipalities.

6. The Government of Nepal adopted the National Urban Policy in 2007. This gives priority to (i) achieving a balanced national urban structure by directing infrastructure development and investment in regional economic centers (RECs), (ii) improving the quality of urban life by building a clean, safe, and well-developed urban environment, and (iii) establishing effective urban management by empowering capable local institutions.6 Five RECs were identified in the National Urban Policy, including Biratnagar (Eastern Region), (Central Region), Butwal (Western Development Region), (Mid-Western Development Region), and Dhangadi (Far-Western Development Region). Among the five RECs, Biratnagar is the largest. It is also the second largest city in Nepal with a population of 166,674 in 2001. The estimated population in 2011 is over 200,000.

7. Biratnagar is located on the southeastern border with , a traditional hub for agriculture, industry, and trade. The city is a gateway to India and other neighboring countries, which makes it a major center for international and domestic trips. The Government of India is assisting Biratnagar in building an integrated check-post to manage cross-border activities, and in connecting the city with the railway network of India. Construction of roads linking Nepal to the People’s Republic of China is also underway. In addition, Biratnagar is close to Bangladesh and Bhutan. As a result of its improved connectivity to neighboring countries and its strategic role as an economic hub, the urbanization of Biratnagar will proceed at a fast pace.

8. To cope with this fast-paced urbanization, the urban transport system of Biratnagar needs to be systematically planned and effectively managed to ensure its affordability, accessibility, safety, and environmental sustainability. The urban road network of Biratnagar includes about 155 km of paved roads, 160 km of gravel, and 140 km of unpaved roads. Traffic congestion is now becoming serious at the major junctions, but no traffic signals have yet been installed. The city has four small bus parks for intercity transport services. One of these is being upgraded to a main terminal with a loan from the Town Development Fund of the Ministry of Physical Planning and Public Works (MPPW). The intracity transport services are mainly provided by cycle rickshaws, which, together with pedestrians, share street space with motorized traffic, thus giving rise to issues of mobility and safety.

9. The municipality of Biratnagar Submetropolitan City (BSC) is responsible for urban development, including urban transport planning and management. However, its strategies for urban transport and land use are not integrated, thus hampering the BSC’s efforts to manage effectively the city’s travel demands. The main issues regarding Biratnagar’s urban transport are (i) the absence of a comprehensive urban transport and land use strategy that covers travel demand management, improvement of the urban road network, traffic management, parking management, public transport services, and non-motorized traffic, to support the city’s development goals, (ii) the lack of urban transport management capacity, including road asset management, traffic monitoring and management, parking management, environment monitoring, and stakeholder coordination, both at institutional and individual levels, and (iii) insufficient and poor urban transport infrastructure and facilities. A program, consisting of a

6 Ministry of Physical Planning and Works. 2007. National Urban Policy. Kathmandu.

3 coherent, prudent, and far-looking strategy, a detailed action plan, and adequate investment is required. Such a program, together with a capable urban transport unit in the municipality, will enable BSC to deliver a sustainable urban transport system.

10. ADB’s assistance to Nepal in the transport sector has focused on (i) improvement of the strategic road network connecting urban and rural areas, and (ii) civil aviation. The Kathmandu Sustainable Urban Transport Project is the first aimed at improving urban transport services and infrastructure.7 Assistance has also been provided in major cities including Biratnagar to support capacity development for urban service delivery, such as waste management, and water supply and sanitation.8 However, no TA has been provided to develop the capacity of major cities in urban transport planning and management to address the fast-growing demand for urban travel. This TA will therefore complement previous and ongoing TA to improve the overall sustainability of the transport sector in Nepal.

III. THE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

A. Impact and Outcome

11. The outcome of the TA will be the strengthened capacity of BSC municipality in planning and management for sustainable urban transport. This should enable the BSC municipality to implement, regularly review, and update the strategy that will be developed under the TA.

12. The impact of the TA will be improved planning and management for sustainable urban transport in Nepal. By implementing the TA and disseminating the knowledge and experience obtained in Biratnagar, it is expected that other municipalities, particularly those of other REC cities, will follow a similar approach to urban transport planning and management. Furthermore, future investment in urban transport by the government, ADB, and other development partners will be guided by the comprehensive urban transport strategies formulated by the REC cities. The improved urban transport system will support the efficient movement of people and goods, and result in reduced congestion, fewer traffic accidents, efficient use of fuel, and better air quality. Ultimately, the impact of the TA will contribute to regionally balanced economic growth and reduced social inequity, which is in line with the transport sector outcomes that ADB supports in its country partnership strategy, 2010–2012.9

B. Methodology and Key Activities

13. The TA will assist the municipality of BSC through (i) preparing a comprehensive urban transport and land use strategy, and (ii) enhancing BSC’s institutional capacity to update and implement the strategy.

14. Comprehensive urban transport and land use strategy. The TA will first prepare a comprehensive urban transport and land use strategy, including long-term visions, medium-term goals, an action program, and an implementation plan for improving Biratnagar’s urban transport system. The strategy will address the balanced requirements of different urban

7 The Kathmandu Sustainable Urban Transport Project will improve Kathmandu Valley’s public transport services and walking conditions through (i) strengthening the capacity of the Department of Traffic Management, (ii) improving traffic management, (iii) improving pedestrian facilities, and (iv) enhancing air quality monitoring. 8 ADB. 2010. Report and Recommendation of the President to the Board of Directors: Proposed Loan and Administration of Loan to Nepal for the Secondary Towns Integrated Urban Environmental Improvement Project. Manila. 9 ADB. 2009. Nepal: Country Partnership Strategy, 2010–2012. Manila.

4 transport users in regard to affordability, accessibility, safety, and sustainability. The key activities include: (i) reviewing the existing urban development vision, strategy, and periodic plan, the land use plan, and other relevant policies, regulations, and studies; (ii) undertaking surveys in Biratnagar on the urban transport system, land use patterns, and environmental impacts; (iii) assessing the base year land use and urban transport system and future scenarios with transport demand models; (iv) developing long-term visions and medium-term goals for urban transport and land use, in line with the urban development plan, the national urban policy, and the findings of the consultations and surveys; (v) preparing an action program and an implementation plan to achieve the medium-term goals; (vi) recommending financing mechanisms for the improvement and operation of the urban transport system; and (vii) developing a performance monitoring system to keep track of implementation progress. The proposed strategy will be presented to the government and other stakeholders for consideration.

15. Institutional enhancement. In accordance with the requirements for implementing the comprehensive urban transport and land use strategy, the TA will prepare an action program for the institutional enhancement of BSC municipality in urban transport planning and management, and will help with its implementation. The key activities will involve (i) assessing the capacity of BSC municipality in urban transport planning, management, procurement, and project management; (ii) identifying issues relating to the existing capacity of the municipality for implementing the comprehensive urban transport strategy; (iii) preparing an action program for institutional enhancement of the municipality, focusing on urban transport planning and management; (iv) helping the municipality to implement the action program; (v) preparing guidelines and toolkits on public transport services, urban transport infrastructure management, non-motorized transport, traffic management, parking management, and performance monitoring; 10 (vi) conducting workshops and on-the-job training on the application of the guidelines and toolkits on urban transport management; (vii) helping to arrange for staff of the municipality to participate in training that will develop their individual capacity, such as the training programs provided by the City Development Initiatives in Asia (CDIA); 11 and (viii) organizing a nationwide workshop to disseminate the knowledge and experience acquired through the TA.

C. Cost and Financing

16. It is proposed that ADB provide technical assistance in the amount of $800,000 on a grant basis, from the Technical Assistance Special Fund (TASF-Others). The government will provide counterpart support in the form of office accommodation and transport, and remuneration and per diem of counterpart staff. The cost estimates and financing plan are in Appendix 2.

D. Implementation Arrangements

17. The MPPW, through its Department of Urban Development and Building Construction (DUDBC), will be the executing agency to supervise and coordinate TA activities. The DUDBC will appoint a TA coordinator whose main responsibilities will be (i) liaising with the TA consultant team, ADB, and other development partners on TA activities; (ii) assisting the TA consultants at the central government level in data collection, consultation meetings, seminars, and workshops; and (iii) organizing meetings of the TA steering committee.

10 The guidelines and toolkits will be based on international best practices, and be adapted to the local requirements of Biratnagar and the national context of Nepal. 11 The CDIA has expressed interest in providing training opportunities and potential technical assistance for a pre- feasibility study on priority investment projects related to the TA.

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18. The municipality of BSC will be the implementing agency to receive capacity development assistance. The planning chief of BSC will be the TA coordinator in Biratnagar with the main responsibilities of (i) ensuring timely provision of all relevant and available documents, data, statistics, information, and maps; (ii) arranging office accommodation, office equipment, including desks and chairs, and local communication; (iii) confirming the arrangements for counterpart staff from the municipal office; and (iv) reporting TA progress to the executive officer of BSC. BSC will appoint at least two staff as counterparts of the TA consultants, and will involve the local offices of DUDBC, the Department of Roads (DOR), the Department of Traffic Management (DOTM), and the Traffic Police in TA implementation.

19. A TA steering committee will be established to supervise and monitor TA activities within 1 month of the consultants’ mobilization. The TA steering committee will be co-chaired by the secretaries of MPPW and the Ministry of Local Development. It will consist of the joint secretaries of MPPW, the Ministry of Local Development, Ministry of Labor and Traffic Management, and Ministry of Environment; the head of Traffic Police; high level representatives from the National Planning Commission and the Ministry of Finance; the director generals of the DUDBC, DOR, and DOTM; the executive director of the Town Development Fund; and the executive officer of BSC. A representative from ADB will participate in the meetings as an observer. The steering committee will meet at least quarterly to review TA progress and to give guidance on TA implementation.

20. The TA will start in January 2012, and be completed in June 2014. ADB will engage a team of international and national consultants through a consulting firm, in accordance with its Guidelines on the Use of Consultants (2010, as amended from time to time). The TA will require 57 person-months of consulting services (21 international and 36 national). The consultants will be engaged following the quality- and cost-based selection method, using a quality–cost ratio of 80:20 and full technical proposals. Five international and five national consultants will be needed with expertise in (i) urban development and land use, (ii) modeling urban transport systems, (iii) planning and managing urban transport systems, (iv) managing urban transport infrastructure, (v) regulating public transport services, (vi) managing non-motorized transport, and (vii) monitoring environmental impacts. The outline terms of reference for the consultants are in Appendix 3. Disbursement under the TA will be carried out in accordance with ADB’s Technical Assistance Disbursement Handbook (2010, as amended from time to time). Procurement of equipment will follow ADB’s Procurement Guidelines (2010, as amended from time to time). The equipment will be handed over to the government upon TA completion.

21. The government will provide (i) all relevant and available documents, data, statistics, information, and maps; (ii) a TA coordinator from the DUDBC, to be assigned before the consultants are mobilized; (iii) a TA coordinator and counterpart staff from BSC municipality, to be assigned before the consultants are mobilized; (iv) office accommodation, office equipment, including desks and chairs, and local communication in Biratnagar, and utility costs, covering electricity and water; and (v) logistical assistance for the workshops and seminars, including the venue, and identifying and inviting the participants.

IV. THE PRESIDENT'S DECISION

22. The President, acting under the authority delegated by the Board, has approved the provision of technical assistance not exceeding the equivalent of $800,000 on a grant basis to the Government of Nepal for Urban Transport Planning and Management, and hereby reports this action to the Board.

6 Appendix 1

DESIGN AND MONITORING FRAMEWORK Performance Targets and Data Sources and Design Summary Indicators with Baselines Reporting Mechanisms Assumptions and Risks Impact By 2018 Assumptions Improved planning and At least 3 REC cities DUDBC database Continued commitment and management for develop and adopt their own assistance in urban transport, sustainable urban comprehensive urban both political and financial, transport in Nepal transport plan. from the central government to REC cities At least 1 REC city starts an DUDBC database investment project on urban Timely and adequate transport services and assistance from development infrastructure partners on policy development, institutional enhancement, and investment

Support from the private sector in improving urban transport services and infrastructure

Outcome By 2013 Assumptions Strengthened capacity of The comprehensive urban Annual report of BSC on Municipality’s ownership and BSC municipality in transport strategy is being the urban transport commitment to the strategy planning and effectively implemented, and system management for regularly updated by BSC Adequate political and sustainable urban municipality. technical support from the transport central government during TA implementation

Risk Limited human resources in the municipality for urban transport

Outputs Assumptions 1. A comprehensive By 2013, the comprehensive The Policy and regulation Stakeholders reach a urban transport and land urban transport strategy is database of BSC consensus about the use strategy for BSC approved by BSC proposed urban transport municipality. strategy in a timely manner.

2. Enhanced institutional By 2013, a unit for urban The Organizational chart Timely approval of the capacity to update and transport planning and of the BSC comprehensive urban implement the urban management starts transport strategy by the transport and land use functioning in BSC government strategy municipality.

By 2013, BSC municipality Annual report of BSC on undertakes regular the urban transport performance monitoring of system the urban transport system.

By 2013, the unit for urban Annual report of BSC on transport planning and the urban transport management follows the system guidelines and toolkits in carrying out its work.

Appendix 1 7

Activities with Milestones Inputs

1. Comprehensive urban transport and land use strategy ADB: $800,000 1.1. Review and assess the existing urban development plan, relevant policies, regulations, and studies (April— May 2012) The government will provide 1.2. Collect information, undertake surveys, and conduct the consultations required for counterpart support in the preparing a comprehensive urban transport strategy (June—August 2012) form of office accommodation 1.3. Prepare a draft comprehensive urban transport strategy (August—October 2012) and transport, and 1.4. Undertake consultations about the draft comprehensive urban transport strategy remuneration and per diem of (October 2012) counterpart staff. 1.5. Submit a final report on the comprehensive urban transport strategy for approval (November 2012)

2. Institutional enhancement 2.1. Prepare a draft institutional enhancement action program to implement the urban transport strategy based on an assessment of existing institutional arrangements and capacity (September—October 2012) 2.2. Conduct a consultation workshop to present the draft institutional enhancement action program (October 2012) 2.3. Submit a final institutional enhancement action program (November 2012) 2.4. Assist the municipality in implementing the action program (January— June 2013) 2.5. Prepare a set of guidelines and toolkits for urban transport planning and management (January—March 2013) 2.6. Submit the guidelines and toolkits for approval (March 2013) 2.7. Conduct training on the guidelines and toolkits (April —June 2013) 2.8. Assist the BSC municipality in using the guidelines and toolkits for transport planning and management (April—September 2013) 2.9 Help arrange for the staff of BSC municipality to participate in training and knowledge exchange (January—June 2013) 2.10 Conduct a nationwide workshop to disseminate good practices and lessons (December 2013)

ADB = Asian Development Bank, BSC = Biratnagar Submetropolitan City, DUDBC = Department of Urban Development and Building Construction, REC = regional economic center. Source: Asian Development Bank.

8 Appendix 2

COST ESTIMATES AND FINANCING PLAN ($'000)

Total Item Cost Asian Development Banka 1. Consultants a. Remuneration and per diem i. International consultants 441.00 ii. National consultants 108.00 b. International and local travel 40.00 c. Reports and communications 5.00 2. Equipmentb 15.00 3. Training, seminars, and conferences 18.00 4. Surveys 80.00 5. Miscellaneous administration and support costs 5.00 6. Representative for contract negotiations 8.00 7. Contingencies 80.00 Total 800.00 Note: The government will provide counterpart support in the form of office accommodation and transport, and remuneration and per diem of counterpart staff. a Financed by the Asian Development Bank’s Technical Assistance Special Fund (TASF-Others). b Includes equipment for traffic counting, environment monitoring, and database management. Source: Asian Development Bank estimates.

Appendix 3 9

OUTLINE TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR CONSULTANTS

A. Project Background

1. The technical assistance (TA) will require 57 person-months of consulting services (21 international and 36 national) between April 2012 and December 2013. The consultants will assist the municipality of Biratnagar Submetropolitan City (BSC) in: (i) developing a comprehensive urban transport and land use strategy, and (ii) enhancing institutional capacity for urban transport planning and management. The team leader will have overall responsibility for implementing the TA and managing the team.

B. Scope of Services

2. The scope of consulting services includes the following two components.

3. Comprehensive urban transport and land use strategy. The consultants will prepare a comprehensive urban transport and land use strategy, including long-term visions, medium- term goals, an action program, and an implementation plan for improving Biratnagar’s urban transport system. The strategy will address the balanced requirements of different urban transport users in regard to affordability, accessibility, safety, and sustainability. The consultants will present the proposed urban transport strategy to the TA steering committee, BSC political leaders and municipality, the Asian Development Bank (ADB), and other stakeholders for consideration.

4. Institutional enhancement. The consultants will prepare an action program for institutional enhancement of BSC municipality in urban transport planning and management, and will help with its implementation.

C. Tasks for Individual Consultants

5. The major tasks to be undertaken by each individual international and national expert are:

1. Urban Transport Planner/Team Leader (11 person-months international) (i) Lead the team to implement the TA, prepare reports, deliver the outputs, and achieve the outcome. (ii) Review and assess Biratnagar’s socioeconomic characteristics, urban development vision, strategy, and periodic plan, land use plan, and other policies, regulations, and studies to identify issues in the existing policy framework that will help achieve a sustainable urban transport system. (iii) Review Biratnagar’s transport network, transport policy, road accidents, vehicle ownership, land use planning, mapping, rights of way on key corridors, and other available engineering parameters relevant to urban transport planning. (iv) Prepare a city profile for Biratnagar, including but not limited to the following aspects: location, population and demography, land area, regional linkages, socioeconomic data, and environmental issues.

10 Appendix 3

(v) With the assistance of the team members, plan surveys related to traffic flow and composition by link, level of service, vehicle characteristics (e.g., operating costs and emissions), transport infrastructure, and environmental impacts. 1 (vi) Identify the relevant characteristics of and issues in the urban transport system and land use pattern based on the findings of the policy analysis and modeling results. (vii) Prepare long-term visions (20 years) and medium-term goals (5–10 years) for Biratnagar’s urban transport system, with performance indicators to be achieved within the planning horizons. (viii) Develop possible urban growth scenarios and future transport network scenarios. (ix) Prepare a comprehensive urban transport and land use strategy according to the results of the scenario assessment, and with a view to ensuring that transport is efficient by clustering development to reduce travel demand. (x) Develop an action program for improving the urban transport system, including developing an infrastructure system, improving traffic and parking management, promoting public transport, facilitating non-motorized traffic, and enhancing the policy and regulatory framework. (xi) Prepare a long list of projects to implement the action program, and a brief summary of each project, including project title, location, estimated costs, implementation arrangements, and social and environmental impacts. (xii) Develop a multi-criteria based programming tool for investment projects, and use it to prepare an implementation plan under the likely budget constraints of Biratnagar, including each project’s timeframe, and financing options. (xiii) Develop a performance monitoring system to track the performance indicators for the progress towards the visions and goals of the urban transport system. (xiv) Review the fiscal sustainability of BSC municipality to deliver such an action program, and recommend measures for revenue generation, such as a subsidy policy, vehicle taxation, and road user charges, to enhance fiscal sustainability. (xv) Present the proposed strategy to the TA steering committee, and BSC municipality for approval. (xvi) Prepare toolkits for traffic management, traffic safety, and parking management. (xvii) Prepare guidelines for facilitating and regulating non-motorized traffic, such as pedestrians, bicycles, and cycle rickshaws, and an improvement plan for the city center and main junctions. (xviii) Review and provide inputs into the institutional enhancement action program. (xix) Conduct workshops and on-the-job training for applying the toolkits and implementing the policy paper. (xx) Assess the necessity of institutional reform in central government to manage urban transport matters, and make recommendations to enhance the institutional structure.

2. Urban Transport Specialist/Deputy Team Leader (18 person-months national) (i) Assist the team leader in managing the consultant team and coordinating the TA activities with the central government and municipalities. (ii) Assist the team leader in planning surveys, consultations, workshops, and seminars.

1 The scope of the survey includes, but is not limited to, classified traffic volume, origin-destination, speed and delay, public transport service providers and passengers, commuters, land use pattern, household characteristics, vehicle operators, terminal areas, pedestrians, environmental impacts, infrastructure inventory and condition, and topographical surveys at key sections/junctions..

Appendix 3 11

(iii) Lead the survey team in completing the survey plan and undertaking the necessary coordination with the municipality, traffic police, and road users. (iv) Consult stakeholders through individual meetings and stakeholder workshops about the proposed strategy for urban transport and land use, with a view to gaining their approval. (v) Assess the capacity of BSC municipality in urban transport planning and management, project management, and procurement through a review of documents, interviews, workshops, and a comparison with international best practices. (vi) Prepare an action program for institutional enhancement of BSC municipality, focusing on its capacity in urban transport planning and management. (vii) Present the action program to the TA steering committee, and BSC municipality for approval. (viii) Upon approval, assist BSC municipality in implementing the action program by designing business procedures, preparing terms of reference for key positions, and training appointed staff. (ix) Assist the municipality in establishing a coordination mechanism to integrate urban transport planning and management. (x) Help to arrange for the relevant staff of the government to participate in training programs for individual capacity development. (xi) Arrange the TA workshops, together with the government focal points, for stakeholder consultation, capacity development, and knowledge dissemination. (xii) Provide support for other tasks as required by the government or ADB.

3. Urban Transport Modeler (3 person-months international) (i) Develop a database about land use and the topography of Biratnagar, with satellite images (if available) showing the evolution of land use. (ii) Design survey tools and methodologies to determine traffic flow and composition by link, level of service, and vehicle characteristics (e.g., vehicle operating costs and emissions). (iii) Assist the survey team in carrying out surveys and compiling data. (iv) Use the survey results to develop a base-year transport demand model capable of simulating and analyzing both motorized and non-motorized traffic. (v) Analyze and evaluate the base-year land use and urban transport system using the transport demand model. (vi) Assist the urban transport planner in developing possible urban growth scenarios and future transport network scenarios. (vii) Assess each combination of urban growth and transport network scenarios using the transport demand model. Land use patterns should be included in the modeling analyses, in terms of a specific distribution of residential population and employment. (viii) Assist the urban transport planner in preparing a comprehensive urban transport and land use strategy.

4. Public Transport Specialists (2 person-months international, 4 person-months national) (i) Assess public transport services in Biratnagar and in the whole country to determine the profile and issues. (ii) Design survey tools and methodology for public transport service providers and passengers. (iii) Assist the survey team in carrying out surveys related to public transport.

12 Appendix 3

(iv) Assess alternatives, such as bus services, bus rapid transit, and multimodal transport, for promoting intracity and intercity public transport. (v) Develop a public transport improvement plan, including bus service improvements, a trunk and feeder public transport network, other potential public transport options, such as bus rapid transit, and appropriate approaches for engaging and regulating service providers from the private sector. (vi) Assist the urban transport planner in preparing the comprehensive urban transport and land use strategy, and the implementation program. (vii) Develop guidelines for managing public transport services, including service standards, fare policy, subsidy policy, and implementation arrangement. (viii) Conduct workshops and on-the-job training for applying the guidelines.

5. Urban Transport Infrastructure Specialists (2 person-months international, 4 person-months national) (i) Review documentation on Biratnagar’s urban transport infrastructure inventory and condition, and the institutional arrangements for the development and operation and maintenance of the infrastructure. (ii) Design survey tools and methodology for conducting an inventory of the urban transport infrastructure and assessing its condition. (iii) Assist the survey team in carrying out surveys related to urban transport infrastructure. (iv) Prepare an inventory of urban transport infrastructure, including but not limited to: roads, bridges, parking facilities, traffic management equipment and facilities, and their condition. (v) Estimate the unit price for developing new urban infrastructure, and works for maintenance and rehabilitation, based on recent projects in Nepal and comparable countries in the region. (vi) Assist the urban transport planner in developing the comprehensive urban transport and land use strategy and the implementation program by estimating the program and project costs, and by preparing preliminary implementation arrangements. (vii) Develop guidelines for urban transport infrastructure management, including procedures for condition assessment, programming, project selection, implementation, budgeting, and applying for financing support from the government and the road board of Nepal. (viii) Conduct workshops and on-the-job training for applying the guidelines.

6. Urban Environment Specialists (3 person-months international, 4 person- months national) (i) Design the survey tools and methodology to monitor air quality and noise level on the urban road network. (ii) Undertake baseline surveys for air quality and noise level in Biratnagar. (iii) Develop a model to disaggregate the air pollution and noise by source (mobile, stationary, and area sources), by type of fuel, and by vehicle category. (iv) Use the model to analyze the baseline survey results. (v) Assist the urban transport planner in developing the comprehensive urban transport and land use strategy and the implementation program by preparing environment related inputs for the performance monitoring system, and preparing inputs regarding the environmental impacts for each project.

Appendix 3 13

(vi) Based on the comprehensive urban transport and land use strategy, develop guidelines for BSC municipality to monitor the environmental impacts, mainly air quality and noise level, caused by urban traffic.2 (vii) Propose the required hardware and software for establishing the monitoring mechanism, and identify a collaborative mechanism with other organizations. (viii) Conduct workshops and on-the-job training for applying the guidelines.

7. Urban Development and Land Use Specialist (6 person-months national) (i) Collect and review Biratnagar’s urban development vision, strategy, and periodic plan, land use plan, and other key policies, regulations, and studies related to urban development and/or urban transport. (ii) Translate key documents, such as the urban development vision and strategy, land use plan, into English, and summarize other related documents as requested by the urban transport planner. (iii) Conduct an inventory of new development areas that will affect transport demand in the current urban development plan and land use plan. (iv) Assist the urban transport planner in developing the comprehensive urban transport and land use strategy and the implementation program by preparing inputs regarding land use. (v) Assist the urban transport specialist in undertaking stakeholder consultation and presenting the comprehensive urban transport and land use strategy to the TA steering committee, BSC political leaders and municipality, and other stakeholders.

D. Reporting Requirements

6. The consultants will submit the following reports to the government and ADB:

(i) inception report and work plan within 4 weeks of commencement of consulting services; (ii) interim report 1A, including (a) draft comprehensive urban transport strategy, and (b) draft institutional enhancement action program within 6 months of commencement of consulting services; (iii) interim report 1B, including (a) final comprehensive urban transport strategy, and (b) final institutional enhancement action program within 8 months of commencement of consulting services; (iv) interim report 2A, including (a) draft guidelines and toolkits for urban transport planning and management, and (b) a draft training program within 9 months of commencement of consulting services; (v) interim report 2B, including (a) final guidelines and toolkits for urban transport planning and management, and (b) a final training program within 10 months of commencement of consulting services; and (vi) final report within 18 months of commencement of consulting services.

2 The baseline survey, data analysis model, and monitoring mechanism should allow BSC municipality to participate in carbon trading programs, such as the clean development mechanism (CDM).