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Dataset on the 6-Year Radiocesium Transport in Rivers Near Fukushima
www.nature.com/scientificdata oPEN Dataset on the 6-year radiocesium Data DescriptoR transport in rivers near Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant Keisuke Taniguchi 1,2 ✉ , Yuichi Onda 1, Hugh G. Smith 3, William Blake 4, Kazuya Yoshimura 5, Yosuke Yamashiki6 & Takayuki Kuramoto 2,7 Radiocesium released from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (FDNPP) and deposited in the terrestrial environment has been transported to the sea through rivers. To study the long-term efect of riverine transport on the remediation process near the FDNPP, a monitoring project was initiated by the University of Tsukuba. It was commissioned by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission in June 2011, and was taken over by the Fukushima Prefectural Centre for Environmental Creation from April 2015. The activity concentration and monthly fux of radiocesium in a suspended form were measured in the project. This provides valuable measurement data to evaluate the impact of the accidentally released radiocesium on residents and the marine environment. It can also be used as verifcation data in the development and testing of numerical models to predict future impacts. Background & Summary A 9.0 magnitude earthquake on March 11, 2011, caused the Tokyo Electric Power Company’s Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (FDNPP) to be damaged by a tsunami, causing a large accident that spread radioactive mate- rials into the environment1,2. Tis was the largest release of radioactivity into the environment since the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident in 1986, and has been rated on the International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale (INES) as a “Major Accident” by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)3. -
Food Instruction June 18←April 24 2020
The instructions associated with food by Director-General of the Nuclear Emergency Response Headquarters (Restriction of distribution in Fukushima Prefecture) As of 18 June 2020 Fukushima Prefecture 2011/3/21~: (excluding areas listed on the cells below) 2011/3/21~4/8 Kitakata-shi, Bandai-machi, Inawashiro-machi, Mishima-machi, Aizumisato-machi, Shimogo-machi, Minamiaizu-machi Fukushima-shi, Nihonmatsu-shi, Date-shi, Motomiya-shi, Kunimi-machi, Otama-mura, Koriyama-shi, Sukagawa-shi, Tamura-shi(excluding miyakoji area), Miharu-machi, Ono-machi, Kagamiishi- 2011/3/21~4/16 machi, Ishikawa-machi, Asakawa-machi, Hirata-mura, Furudono-machi, Shirakawa-shi, Yabuki-machi, Izumizaki-mura, Nakajima-mura, Nishigo-mura, Samegawa-mura, Hanawa-machi, Yamatsuri- machi, Iwaki-shi 2011/3/21~4/21 Soma-shi, Shinchi-machi 2011/3/21~5/1 Minamisoma-shi (limited to Kashima-ku excluding Karasuzaki, Ouchi, Kawago and Shionosaki area), Kawamata-machi (excluding Yamakiya area) Tamura-shi (excluding area within 20 km radius from the TEPCO's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant), Minamisoma-shi (excluding area within 20 km radius from the TEPCO's Fukushima 2011/3/21~6/8 Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant and Planned Evacuation Zones), Kawauchi-mura (excluding area within 20 km radius from the TEPCO's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant) Aizuwakamatsu-shi, Kori-machi, Tenei-mura, Hinoemata-mura, Tadami-machi, Kitashiobara-mura, Nishiaizu-machi, Aizubange-machi, Yugawa-mura, Yanaizu-machi, Kanayama-machi, Showa- 2011/3/21~10/7 mura, Tanagura-machi, Tamakawa-mura, Hirono-machi, -
Instruction(New Ver).Xlsx
The instructions associated with food by Director-General of the Nuclear Emergency Response Headquarters (Restriction of distribution in Fukushima Prefecture) As of 11 May 2011 Restriction of distribution Fukushima prefecture whole area Individual areas 3/21~4/8 Kitakata-shi, Bandai-machi, Inawashiro-machi, Mishima-machi, Aizumisato-machi, Shimogo-machi, Minamiaizu-machi 3/21~4/16 Fukushima-shi, Nihonmatsu-shi, Date-shi, Motomiya-shi, Kunimi-machi, Otama-mura, Koriyama-shi, Sukagawa-shi, Tamura-shi(excluding miyakoji area), 3/21~ (excluding Miharu-machi, Ono-machi, Kagamiishi-machi, Ishikawa-machi, Asakawa-machi, Hirata-mura, Furudono-machi, Shirakawa-shi, Yabuki-machi, Izumizaki- raw milk areas listed on the mura, Nakajima-mura, Nishigo-mura, Samegawa-mura, Hanawa-machi, Yamatsuri-machi, Iwaki-shi right cells) 3/21~4/21 Soma-shi, Shinchi-machi 3/21~5/1 Minamisoma-shi (limited to Kashima-ku excluding Karasuzaki, Ouchi, Kawago and Shionosaki area), Kawamata-machi (excluding Yamakiya area) 3/21~5/4 Shirakawa-shi, Iwaki-shi, Yabuki-machi, Tanagura-machi, Yamatsuri-machi, Hanawa-machi, Nishigo-mura, Izumizaki-mura, Nakajima-mura, Samegawa- 3/21~ (excluding spinach, mura areas listed on the kakina 3/21~5/11 Aizuwakamatsu-shi, Bandai-machi, Inawashiro-machi, Kitakata-shi, Kitashiobara-mura, Nishiaizu-machi, Aizumisato-machi, Aizubange-machi, Yugawa- non-head type right cells) mura, Yanaizu-machi, Mishima-machi, Kaneyama-machi, Showa-mura, Minamiaizu-machi, Shimogo-machi, Hinoemata-mura, Tadami-machi leafy vegetables, Shirakawa-shi, Iwaki-shi, -
Ground Liquefaction Is Not Dangerous for Human Lives
13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Vancouver, B.C., Canada August 1-6, 2004 Paper No. 3225 GROUND LIQUEFACTION IS NOT DANGEROUS FOR HUMAN LIVES Motohiko HAKUNO1 SUMMARY The casualties by the liquefaction of the ground in the past earthquakes for 60 years in Japan are only six persons and more than ten thousands by other causes. It seems to be the following two reasons why we have so small number of casualties by the liquefaction of the ground like this. 1. The S wave of earthquake ground motion does not propagate into liquid, therefore, the earthquake motion on the surface of the ground upon the liquefied layer is not so severe. 2. Although the ground liquefaction causes the phenomenon of inclination, subsidence, and float-up of the structure, the process of these phenomena goes very slowly, therefore, people can have the time to refuge from the breaking structure. Although the loss of human lives due to the ground liquefaction are negligibly small, the economical loss due to such as the inclination or subsidence of structures occur by the liquefaction, however, the amount of those loss is not so much, because the economical damage of liquefaction occurs not frequently, but once every two or three years, and it is limited in narrow areas in Japan. Therefore, I would like to propose not to conduct the liquefaction countermeasures of ground all over the country because it is not economical. Of course, the sufficient liquefaction countermeasure should be done on such structure as the earth dam near the city by the liquefied collapse of which a lot of human lives would be lost. -
Supply Chain Disruptions: Evidence from the Great East Japan Earthquake∗
Supply Chain Disruptions: Evidence from the Great East Japan Earthquake∗ Vasco M. Carvalhoy Makoto Nireiz Yukiko U. Saitox Alireza Tahbaz-Salehi{ June 2020 Abstract Exploiting the exogenous and regional nature of the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011, this paper provides a quantification of the role of input-output linkages as a mechanism for the prop- agation and amplification of shocks. We document that the disruption caused by the disaster propagated upstream and downstream supply chains, affecting the direct and indirect suppliers and customers of disaster-stricken firms. Using a general equilibrium model of production net- works, we then obtain an estimate for the overall macroeconomic impact of the disaster by taking these propagation effects into account. We find that the earthquake and its aftermaths resulted in a 0:47 percentage point decline in Japan’s real GDP growth in the year following the disaster. ∗We thank the co-editor and four anonymous referees for helpful comments and suggestions. We thank Hirofumi Okoshi and Francisco Vargas for excellent research assistance. We are also grateful to Daron Acemoglu, Pol Antras,` David Baqaee, Paula Bustos, Lorenzo Caliendo, Arun Chandrasekhar, Ryan Chahrour, Giancarlo Corsetti, Ian Dew-Becker, Masahisa Fujita, Julian di Giovanni, Sanjeev Goyal, Adam Guren, Matt Jackson, Jennifer La’O, Glenn Magerman, Isabelle Mejean,´ Ameet Morjaria, Kaivan Munshi, Michael Peters, Aureo de Paula, Jacopo Ponticelli, Farzad Saidi, Adam Szeidl, Edoardo Teso, Yasuyuki Todo, Aleh Tsyvinski, Liliana Varela, Andrea Vedolin, Jaume Ventura, Jose Zubizarreta, and numerous seminar and conference participants for useful feedback and suggestions. We also thank the Center for Spatial Information Science, University of Tokyo for providing us with the geocoding service. -
Readings of Environmental Radiation Level in Mesh Survey(April 15,16
Readings of environmental radiation level in mesh survey(4/15・16) (quick estimation) ※Readings(μSv/h) municipality segment Date of Suvey 1m from Ground 1cm from Grond Fukushima City road 4/15 0.22 0.34 Fukushima City road 4/15 0.16 0.18 Aizuwakamatsu City road 4/15 0.27 0.42 Aizuwakamatsu City road 4/15 0.21 0.22 Aizuwakamatsu City road 4/15 0.24 0.35 Aizuwakamatsu City road 4/15 0.23 0.30 Aizuwakamatsu City road 4/15 0.23 0.30 Aizuwakamatsu City road 4/15 0.26 0.31 Aizuwakamatsu City road 4/15 0.25 0.29 Aizuwakamatsu City road 4/15 0.26 0.45 Aizuwakamatsu City road 4/15 0.41 0.59 Aizuwakamatsu City road 4/15 0.44 0.45 Aizuwakamatsu City road 4/15 0.40 0.46 Aizuwakamatsu City road 4/15 0.32 0.48 Aizuwakamatsu City road 4/15 0.20 0.24 Aizuwakamatsu City road 4/15 0.88 0.97 Aizuwakamatsu City road 4/15 0.17 0.28 Aizuwakamatsu City road 4/15 0.15 0.21 Aizuwakamatsu City road 4/15 0.34 0.44 Aizuwakamatsu City road 4/15 0.40 0.49 Aizuwakamatsu City road 4/15 0.41 0.66 Aizuwakamatsu City road 4/15 0.26 0.26 Aizuwakamatsu City road 4/15 0.11 0.13 Aizuwakamatsu City road 4/15 0.11 0.14 Aizuwakamatsu City road 4/15 0.13 0.15 Aizuwakamatsu City road 4/15 0.12 0.14 Aizuwakamatsu City road 4/15 0.11 0.17 Aizuwakamatsu City road 4/15 0.12 0.14 Aizuwakamatsu City road 4/15 0.14 0.21 Aizuwakamatsu City road 4/15 0.15 0.17 Aizuwakamatsu City road 4/15 0.19 0.20 Aizuwakamatsu City road 4/15 0.23 0.33 Aizuwakamatsu City road 4/15 0.28 0.37 Aizuwakamatsu City road 4/15 0.20 0.23 Aizuwakamatsu City road 4/15 0.18 0.25 Aizuwakamatsu City road 4/15 0.14 0.20 -
Resilient Water Supply and Sanitation Services
RESILIENT WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SERVICES AND SANITATION SUPPLY WATER RESILIENT THE CASE OF JAPAN RESILIENT WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SERVICES THE CASE OF JAPAN ©2018 The World Bank International Bank for Reconstruction and Development The World Bank Group 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 USA February 2018 DISCLAIMER This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. The report reflects information available up to November 30, 2017. RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; e-mail: [email protected]. -
Table S1. Summary of Kayen Et Al
Table S1. Summary of Kayen et al. (2013) Vs liquefaction case history data Data Crit. Depth Depth to γ (kN/m3) site ID LOCATION Liquefied? total CSR MSF ϕ (°) ORIGINAL SITE REFERENCE Mw GWT (m) σvo (kPa) σ'vo (kPa) amax (g) rd VS1 (m/sec) VS (m/sec) CRRPL=15% Gmax (kPa) Ko σ' mo (kPa) Point Range (m) Above gwt Below gwt 1906 San Francisco Earthquake, California, USA 5 9001 Coyote Valley 7.7 ± 0.10 YES 3.5 - 6 2.4 77.08 ± 8.53 54.03 ± 5.41 15.10 17.30 0.36 ± 0.09 0.89 ± 0.09 0.30 ± 0.09 0.97 171.98 ± 2.00 146.97 0.13 38093 30 0.500 36.02 Barrow, 1983 6 9002 Salinas River North 7.7 ± 0.10 NO 9.1 - 10.6 6.0 155.24 ± 8.31 117.47 ± 6.09 14.00 18.50 0.32 ± 0.08 0.68 ± 0.16 0.19 ± 0.07 0.97 172.05 ± 5.84 178.54 0.13 60113 34 0.441 73.68 Barrow, 1983 1948 Fukui Earthquake, Japan 9 118 HINO GAWA EAST BANK, FUKUI PREF. EQUESTRIAN CENTER, 7.1 ± 0.12 YES 6.0 - 10 1.0 143.50 ± 14.15 74.83 ± 8.10 17.30 18.00 0.50 ± 0.13 0.64 ± 0.14 0.40 ± 0.14 1.08 142.28 ± 17.04 131.91 0.10 31926 30 0.500 49.89 Office of the Engineer (1949); Hamada et al. (1992); This study 10 103 MORITA-CHO GAKKU, HAMADA ET AL. -
USGS Open File Report 2007-1365
Investigation of the M6.6 Niigata-Chuetsu Oki, Japan, Earthquake of July 16, 2007 Robert Kayen, Brian Collins, Norm Abrahamson, Scott Ashford, Scott J. Brandenberg, Lloyd Cluff, Stephen Dickenson, Laurie Johnson, Yasuo Tanaka, Kohji Tokimatsu, Toshimi Kabeyasawa, Yohsuke Kawamata, Hidetaka Koumoto, Nanako Marubashi, Santiago Pujol, Clint Steele, Joseph I. Sun, Ben Tsai, Peter Yanev, Mark Yashinsky, Kim Yousok Open File Report 2007–1365 2007 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey 1 U.S. Department of the Interior Dirk Kempthorne, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark D. Myers, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 2007 For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Suggested citation: Kayen, R., Collins, B.D., Abrahamson, N., Ashford, S., Brandenberg, S.J., Cluff, L., Dickenson, S., Johnson, L., Kabeyasawa, T., Kawamata, Y., Koumoto, H., Marubashi, N., Pujol, S., Steele, C., Sun, J., Tanaka, Y., Tokimatsu, K., Tsai, B., Yanev, P., Yashinsky , M., and Yousok, K., 2007. Investigation of the M6.6 Niigata-Chuetsu Oki, Japan, Earthquake of July 16, 2007: U.S. Geological Survey, Open File Report 2007-1365, 230pg; [available on the World Wide Web at URL http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1365/]. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. -
Great East Japan Earthquake, Jr East Mitigation Successes, and Lessons for California High-Speed Rail
MTI Funded by U.S. Department of Services Transit Census California of Water 2012 Transportation and California Great East Japan Earthquake, Department of Transportation JR East Mitigation Successes, and Lessons for California High-Speed Rail MTI ReportMTI 12-02 MTI Report 12-37 December 2012 MINETA TRANSPORTATION INSTITUTE MTI FOUNDER Hon. Norman Y. Mineta The Mineta Transportation Institute (MTI) was established by Congress in 1991 as part of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Equity Act (ISTEA) and was reauthorized under the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st century (TEA-21). MTI then successfully MTI BOARD OF TRUSTEES competed to be named a Tier 1 Center in 2002 and 2006 in the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU). Most recently, MTI successfully competed in the Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2011 to Founder, Honorable Norman Thomas Barron (TE 2015) Ed Hamberger (Ex-Officio) Michael Townes* (TE 2014) be named a Tier 1 Transit-Focused University Transportation Center. The Institute is funded by Congress through the United States Mineta (Ex-Officio) Executive Vice President President/CEO Senior Vice President Department of Transportation’s Office of the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology (OST-R), University Transportation Secretary (ret.), US Department of Strategic Initiatives Association of American Railroads Transit Sector Transportation Parsons Group HNTB Centers Program, the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), and by private grants and donations. Vice Chair Steve Heminger (TE 2015) Hill & Knowlton, Inc. Joseph Boardman (Ex-Officio) Executive Director Bud Wright (Ex-Officio) Chief Executive Officer Metropolitan Transportation Executive Director The Institute receives oversight from an internationally respected Board of Trustees whose members represent all major surface Honorary Chair, Honorable Bill Amtrak Commission American Association of State transportation modes. -
Spatial and Temporal Models of J¯Omon Settlement
Spatial and Temporal Models of Jomon¯ Settlement Enrico R. Crema A Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Institute of Archaeology University College London January 2013 Declaration I, Enrico Ryunosuke Crema, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 2 ”Ce qui est simple est toujours faux. Ce qui ne l’est pas est inutilisable” (P. Valery) ”All models are wrong, but some are useful” (George E.P. Box) Abstract The Jomon¯ culture is a tradition of complex hunter-gatherers which rose in the Japanese archipelago at the end of the Pleistocene (ca. 13,000 cal BP) and lasted until the 3rd millennium cal BP. Recent studies increasingly suggest how this long cultural persistence was characterised by repeated episodes of change in settle- ment pattern, primarily manifested as cyclical transitions between nucleated and dispersed distributions. Although it has been suggested that these events corre- late with population dynamics, shifts in subsistence strategies, and environmental change, to date there have been very few attempts to provide a quantitative anal- ysis of spatio-temporal change in Jomon settlement and its possible causes. This thesis is an attempt to fill that lacuna by adopting a twin-track approach to the problem. First, two case studies from central Japan have been examined us- ing a novel set of methods, which have been specifically designed to handle the intrinsic chronological uncertainty which characterises most prehistoric data. This facilitated the application of a probabilistic framework for quantitatively assessing the available information, making it possible to identify alternating phases of nu- cleated and dispersed pattern during a chronological interval between 7000 and 3300 cal BP. -
Earthquake Protection in Buildings Through Base Isolation
fECH RLC N4TL INST- OF STAND 4 NIST Special Publication 832, Volume 1 A111D3 7aTm7 Earthquake Resistant Construction Using Base Isolation NIST I PUBLICATIONS [Shin kenchiku kozo gijutsu kenkyu iin-kai hokokusho ] Earthquake Protection in Buildings Through Base Isolation United States Department of Commerce Z Technology Administration 832 National Institute of Standards and Technology V.1 1992 7he National Institute of Standards and Technology was established in 1988 by Congress to "assist industry in the development of technology . needed to improve product quality, to modernize manufacturing processes, to ensure product reliability . and to facilitate rapid commercialization ... of products based on new scientific discoveries." NIST, originally founded as the National Bureau of Standards in 1901, works to strengthen U.S. industry's competitiveness; advance science and engineering; and improve public health, safety, and the environment. One of the agency's basic functions is to develop, maintain, and retain custody of the national standards of measurement, and provide the means and methods for comparing standards used in science, engineering, manufacturing, commerce, industry, and education with the standards adopted or recognized by the Federal Government. As an agency of the U.S. Commerce Department's Technology Administration, NIST conducts basic and applied research in the physical sciences and engineering and performs related services. The Institute does generic and precompetitive work on new and advanced technologies. NIST's research