Earthquake Protection in Buildings Through Base Isolation
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fECH RLC N4TL INST- OF STAND 4 NIST Special Publication 832, Volume 1 A111D3 7aTm7 Earthquake Resistant Construction Using Base Isolation NIST I PUBLICATIONS [Shin kenchiku kozo gijutsu kenkyu iin-kai hokokusho ] Earthquake Protection in Buildings Through Base Isolation United States Department of Commerce Z Technology Administration 832 National Institute of Standards and Technology V.1 1992 7he National Institute of Standards and Technology was established in 1988 by Congress to "assist industry in the development of technology . needed to improve product quality, to modernize manufacturing processes, to ensure product reliability . and to facilitate rapid commercialization ... of products based on new scientific discoveries." NIST, originally founded as the National Bureau of Standards in 1901, works to strengthen U.S. industry's competitiveness; advance science and engineering; and improve public health, safety, and the environment. 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NIST Special Publication 832, Volume 1 ^ | Earthquake Resistant Construction Using Base Isolation [Shin kenchiku kozo gijutsu kenkyu iin-kai hokokusho ] Earthquake Protection in Buildings Through Base Isolation Noel J. Raufaste, Editor Building and Fire Research Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD 20899 Originally Published by Building Center of Japan April 1992 U.S. Department of Commerce Barbara Hackman Franklin, Secretary Technology Administration Robert M. White, Under Secretary for Technology National Institute of Standards and Technology John W. Lyons, Director National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 832, Volume 1 Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. Spec. Publ. 832, Vol. 1, 161 pages (Apr. 1992) CODEN: NSPUE2 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1992 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402-9325 ABSTRACT This report is Volume One of a two volume series on passive energy dissipating systems for buildings and other structures. This volume. Earthquake Protection in Buildings Through Base Isolation, describes energy dissipation systems and reviews their applications and effectiveness. These documents provide guidelines for evaluating energy dissipating systems and a directory of the systems used in buildings and other structures. The original reports in Japanese were published by the Building Center of Japan under the sponsorship of the Japanese Ministry of Construction (MOC). The MOC provided these reports to the National Institute of Standards and Technology for their translation into English and for publication. The subjects addressed in these reports include: the history and types of passive energy dissipators; their applications, evaluations, and performance; and case histories of these devices exposed to seismic loading. KEYWORDS: active damper, base isolation; damping; devices; evaluation, passive damper; performance, seismic; structures; wind loads. Translated from Japanese by Amerind Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, under contract to The National Technical Information Service, Department of Commerce. iii- CONTENTS FOREWORD vii PREFACE ix OUTLINE OF THIS REPORT ' xxix CHAPTER 1. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF SURVEY 1 CHAPTER 2. RESPONSE-CONTROL STRUCTURES 8 2.1. Terminology i s 8 2.1.1. Earlier terminology 8 2.1.2. Terminology used in this report 10 2.2. Classification and Characteristics of Response-Control Structures 10 2.2.1. Classification , 10 2.2.2. Classification according to the basic principles of dynamics 18 2.2.3 Classification according to the method of implementation 24 2.2.4. Classification according to the Position of Dampers ' 26 2.3. Examples of Proposals for Response-control Sructures and Actual Constructions 26 2.3.1. Examples of historical importance in the Japanese construction industry 26 r 2.3.2. Examples of response-control structures 52 2.3.3. Cases approved by the Ministry of Construction 63 2.3.4. Trends in other fields 63 - V- CHAPTER 3. POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS OF RESPONSE-CONTROL STRUCTURES 65 3.1. Improvement in Building Design by Using Response-control Techniques 65 3.1.L Areas of Application 65 3.1.2. External turbulence as objectives of response-control 65 3.1.3. Improvement in the quality of design 66 3.2. Applications of this Technique 68 CHAPTER 4. VARIOUS ASPECTS OF RESPONSE-CONTROL STRUCTURES 70 4.1. Topics for Future Technical Development 70 4.2. Suggestions for the Future 79 CHAPTER 5. EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVENESS OF RESPONSE-CON- TROL AND BASE ISOLATION TECHNIQUES 81 5.1. Points for Effectiveness Evaluation 82 5.2. Evaluation of Safety . 88 CHAPTER 6. SUMMARY . 98 APPENDIX 1. VARIABILITY OF THE PERFORMANCE OF RESPONSE- CONTROL STRUCTURES 100 APPENDIX 2. EXAMPLES OF RESPONSE-CONTROL AGAINST WIND 103 APPENDIX 3. BIBLIOGRAPHY 113 - vi- FOREWORD This is one volume of a two volume series on energy dissipating devices for buildings and other structures. Volume 1, Earthquake Protection in Buildings through Base Isolation, describes energy dissipating devices, reviews their use for application, and discusses their effectiveness. Volume 2, Survey Report on Framing of the Guidelines for Technological Development of Base isolation Systems Buildings, addresses the performance of these devices and provides examples of buildings installed with such devices and case studies. The two-volume reports were produced by the Building Center of Japan under sponsorship of the Japanese Ministry of Construction (MOC) to describe the state-of-the-art of energy dissipating devices and to review their use in mitigating damages from earthquakes. These reports were made available to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for translation into English and for publication through the Panel on Wind and Seismic Effects. The Panel is one of 16 comprising the U.S.-Japan Program in Natural Resources (UJNR). The Panel, composed of U.S. and Japanese agencies participating with representatives of private sector organizations, develops and exchanges technologies aimed at reducing damages from high winds, earthquakes, storm surge, and tsunamis. NIST provides the chairman and secretariat of the U.S.-side Panel on Wind and Seismic Effects; the Public Works Research Institute, MOC, provides the Japan-side chairman and secretariat. These volumes were translated under contract by the National Technical Information Service (NTIS). The English translations convey the technical contents of the two reports; no further efforts were made to editorialize the translated manuscripts. The U.S.-side Panel is indebted to the Japanese-side Panel for sharing useful design and construction information about an emerging technology for mitigating damages to buildings and other structures from earthquakes and high winds. The U.S.-side also is appreciative of the efforts of Mr. Tatsuo Murota, Director, Structural Engineering Department of the Building Research Institute (BRI), MOC, and his BRI