Vector Check: Prospects for U.S. and Pakistan Air Power Engagement

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Vector Check: Prospects for U.S. and Pakistan Air Power Engagement C O R P O R A T I O N Vector Check Prospects for U.S. and Pakistan Air Power Engagement Jonah Blank, Richard S. Girven, Arzan Tarapore, Julia A. Thompson, Arthur Chan For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR2107 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018937474 ISBN: 978-0-8330-9935-8 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2018 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface This report is based on research conducted in the project “U.S. Air Force-Pakistan Air Force Partnering Post-Operation Enduring Freedom,” sponsored by the office of the Secretary of the Air Force/International Affairs. The purpose of this project is to better define the long-term relationship between the U.S. Air Force (USAF) and the Pakistan Air Force as the drawdown from Afghanistan continues and eventually concludes; it aims to help USAF shape its engagement with its Pakistan counterpart by better understanding Pakistan’s security requirements and to examine future trends to plan for a range of potential scenarios. This report aims for broad dissemination of the project’s findings throughout USAF and the wider U.S. security policymaking community. As an examination of issues involving air power in South Asia, this study builds on RAND Corporation work, much of it conducted for USAF under RAND Project AIR FORCE, including: • Jonah Blank, Christopher Clary, and Brian Nichiporuk, Drivers of Long-Term Insecurity and Instability in Pakistan: Urbanization, Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND Corporation, RR- 644-OSD, 2014. • Seth G. Jones and C. Christine Fair, Counterinsurgency in Pakistan, Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND Corporation, MG-982-RC, 2010. • Larry Hanauer and Stephanie Pezard, Security Cooperation Amidst Political Uncertainty: An Agenda for Future Research, Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND Corporation, WR-1052, 2014. • Andrew Scobell, Ely Ratner, and Michael Beckley, China’s Strategy Toward South and Central Asia: An Empty Fortress, Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND Corporation, RR-525-AF, 2014. • Jennifer D. P. Moroney, Joe Hogler, Lianne Kennedy-Boudali, and Stephanie Pezard, Integrating the Full Range of Security Cooperation Programs into Air Force Planning: An Analytic Primer, Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND Corporation, TR-974-AF, 2011. • Michael J. McNerney, Assessing Security Cooperation as a Preventive Tool, Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND Corporation, RR-350-A, 2014. RAND Project AIR FORCE RAND Project AIR FORCE (PAF), a division of the RAND Corporation, is the U.S. Air Force’s federally funded research and development center for studies and analyses. PAF provides the Air Force with independent analyses of policy alternatives affecting the development, employment, combat readiness, and support of current and future air, space, and cyber forces. Research is conducted in four programs: Force Modernization and Employment; Manpower, Personnel, and Training; Resource Management; and Strategy and Doctrine. The iii research reported here was prepared within PAF’s Strategy and Doctrine Program, under contract FA7014-16-D-1000, as part of fiscal year 2016 project “U.S. Air Force-Pakistan Air Force Partnering Post-Operation Enduring Freedom.” Additional information about PAF is available on our website: www.rand.org/paf This report documents work originally shared with the U.S. Air Force in a series of briefings between November 2015 and September 2016. The draft report was issued on September 30, 2016, and briefed to the sponsor on October 13, 2016. iv Contents Preface ...................................................................................................................................... iii Figures ......................................................................................................................................vii Tables ..................................................................................................................................... viii Summary ................................................................................................................................... ix Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................... xvi Abbreviations.......................................................................................................................... xvii 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 Background ......................................................................................................................................... 1 USAF-PAF Security Cooperation Post-OEF ........................................................................................ 4 Pakistan Air Force Goals as Subset of Pakistan’s Broader Security Goals ............................................ 6 The Policy Problem ............................................................................................................................. 7 Methodology ....................................................................................................................................... 7 Purpose of This Document .................................................................................................................. 8 Organization of This Report ................................................................................................................ 9 2. Historical Context for USAF-PAF Engagement .................................................................... 11 1947 to 1979, the First Cycle of Engagement: Cold War Allies .......................................................... 13 1979 to 2001, Second Cycle of Engagement: Afghan Jihad ................................................................ 17 2001 to 2016, Third Cycle of Engagement: Uneasy OEF Allies ......................................................... 21 3. Geostrategic Context: Pakistan’s Nested Security Relationships ............................................ 25 India .................................................................................................................................................. 26 China ................................................................................................................................................ 36 Afghanistan ....................................................................................................................................... 50 Saudi Arabia ..................................................................................................................................... 54 Iran. .................................................................................................................................................. 58 Chapter Summary.............................................................................................................................. 61 4. Future Trends for USAF as the Loss Leader in the Relationship: Pathways to Success, Pitfalls to Be Avoided ......................................................................................................... 62 Scenarios of the Future U.S.-Pakistan Relationship ............................................................................ 64 The Most Likely Outcome: Combination Scenario, and a Riskier Future ............................................ 68 Implications for USAF ...................................................................................................................... 73 5. Recommendations ................................................................................................................. 77 USAF Security Cooperation and Pakistan .......................................................................................... 77 Policy-Level Recommendations ........................................................................................................ 80 Specific Recommendations................................................................................................................ 81 Closing Thoughts .............................................................................................................................. 85 v Appendix A. Pakistan Military Order of Battle: Key Elements .................................................. 87 Appendix B. Security Cooperation Basics ................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • USAF Counterproliferation Center CPC Outreach Journal #900
    USAF COUNTERPROLIFERATION CENTER CPC OUTREACH JOURNAL Maxwell AFB, Alabama Issue No. 900, 22 April 2011 Articles & Other Documents: Tokyo Electric Admits Fuel could be Melting at A Career U.S. Intelligence Officer on Al Qaeda, Nuclear Fukushima Nuke Plant Terrorism and the Nuclear Threat Pakistan's New Missile Aimed at India's 'Cold Start' News Analysis: One Year On, Headway and Hurdles for Doctrine: Experts Global Nuclear Security Mullen Launches Diatribe against ISI Arab Revolutions Don‘t Mean End for Al Qaeda Russia Says Borei Sub to Test New Missile this Year A Race to Oblivion? Russia Abandons $1B Western Aid to Weapons Time for Plan B Program FMCT and Indo-Pak Deterrence Stability – Analysis Russia to Double its Ballistic Missiles Production from 2013 Pakistani Security Experts Respond to U.S. State Department's Concern over the Security of Pakistani U.S. to Seek Agreement with Russia on Tactical Nuclear Nuclear Weapons Weapons Reduction Rogue CIA Operatives at Large UN Calls on Countries to Implement Resolution Aimed at Nuclear, Chemical, Biological Terrorism Welcome to the CPC Outreach Journal. As part of USAF Counterproliferation Center’s mission to counter weapons of mass destruction through education and research, we’re providing our government and civilian community a source for timely counterproliferation information. This information includes articles, papers and other documents addressing issues pertinent to US military response options for dealing with chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) threats and countermeasures. It’s our hope this information resource will help enhance your counterproliferation issue awareness. Established in 1998, the USAF/CPC provides education and research to present and future leaders of the Air Force, as well as to members of other branches of the armed services and Department of Defense.
    [Show full text]
  • Getting the Philippines Air Force Flying Again: the Role of the U.S.–Philippines Alliance Renato Cruz De Castro, Phd, and Walter Lohman
    BACKGROUNDER No. 2733 | SEptEMBER 24, 2012 Getting the Philippines Air Force Flying Again: The Role of the U.S.–Philippines Alliance Renato Cruz De Castro, PhD, and Walter Lohman Abstract or two years, the U.S.– The recent standoff at Scarborough FPhilippines alliance has been Key Points Shoal between the Philippines and challenged in ways unseen since the China demonstrates how Beijing is closure of two American bases on ■■ The U.S. needs a fully capable ally targeting Manila in its strategy of Filipino territory in the early 1990s.1 in the South China Sea to protect U.S.–Philippines interests. maritime brinkmanship. Manila’s China’s aggressive, well-resourced weakness stems from the Philippine pursuit of its territorial claims in ■■ The Philippines Air Force is in a Air Force’s (PAF) lack of air- the South China Sea has brought a deplorable state—it does not have defense system and air-surveillance thousand nautical miles from its the capability to effectively moni- tor, let alone defend, Philippine capabilities to patrol and protect own shores, and very close to the airspace. Philippine airspace and maritime Philippines. ■■ territory. The PAF’s deplorable state For the Philippines, sovereignty, The Philippines has no fighter jets. As a result, it also lacks trained is attributed to the Armed Forces access to energy, and fishing grounds fighter pilots, logistics training, of the Philippines’ single-minded are at stake. For the U.S., its role as and associated basing facilities. focus on internal security since 2001. regional guarantor of peace, secu- ■■ The government of the Philippines Currently, the Aquino administration rity, and freedom of the seas is being is engaged in a serious effort to is undertaking a major reform challenged—as well as its reliability more fully resource its military to shift the PAF from its focus on as an ally.
    [Show full text]
  • OH-323) 482 Pgs
    Processed by: EWH LEE Date: 10-13-94 LEE, WILLIAM L. (OH-323) 482 pgs. OPEN Military associate of General Eisenhower; organizer of Philippine Air Force under Douglas MacArthur, 1935-38 Interview in 3 parts: Part I: 1-211; Part II: 212-368; Part III: 369-482 DESCRIPTION: [Interview is based on diary entries and is very informal. Mrs. Lee is present and makes occasional comments.] PART I: Identification of and comments about various figures and locations in film footage taken in the Philippines during the 1930's; flying training and equipment used at Camp Murphy; Jimmy Ord; building an airstrip; planes used for training; Lee's background (including early duty assignments; volunteering for assignment to the Philippines); organizing and developing the Philippine Air Unit of the constabulary (including Filipino officer assistants; Curtis Lambert; acquiring training aircraft); arrival of General Douglas MacArthur and staff (October 26, 1935); first meeting with Major Eisenhower (December 14, 1935); purpose of the constabulary; Lee's financial situation; building Camp Murphy (including problems; plans for the air unit; aircraft); Lee's interest in a squadron of airplanes for patrol of coastline vs. MacArthur's plan for seapatrol boats; Sid Huff; establishing the air unit (including determining the kind of airplanes needed; establishing physical standards for Filipino cadets; Jesus Villamor; standards of training; Lee's assessment of the success of Filipino student pilots); "Lefty" Parker, Lee, and Eisenhower's solo flight; early stages in formation
    [Show full text]
  • India Abroad Person of the Year 2010 Awards Honor Community’S Stars
    PERIODICAL INDEX Letters to the Editor......................................A2 People..............................................................A4 Immigration.................................................A32 Business.......................................................A30 Community...................................................A36 Magazine......................................................M1 Sports............................................................A35 Friday, July 8, 2011 Vol. XLI No. 41 www.rediff.com (Nasdaq: REDF) NEW YORK EDITION $1 Pages: 44+24=68 International Weekly Newspaper Chicago/Dallas Los Angeles NY/NJ/CT New York Toronto The Best of Us INDIA ABROAD PERSON OF THE YEAR 2010 AWARDS HONOR COMMUNITY’S STARS PARESH GANDHI To subscribe 1-877-INDIA-ABROAD (1-877-463-4222) www.indiaabroad.com/subscribe ADVERTISEMENT The International Weekly Newspaper founded in 1970. A India Abroad July 8, 2011 Member, Audit Bureau of Circulation 241 LETTERS INDIA ABROAD (ISSN 0046 8932) is published every Friday by India Abroad Publications, Inc. 42 Broadway, 18th floor, New York, NY 10004. Annual subscription in United States: $32. Canada $26. India $32 INTERNATIONAL: it because this fast is being undertaken bill is passed. The whole credit will go to By Regular Mail: South America, the Caribbean, Europe, Africa, Australia & Middle How can India by a ‘religious’ person, though the him and to the members of parliament. East: $90. By Airmail: South America, the Caribbean, Europe, Africa, Australia & Middle East: surpass China? objective of this hunger strike is similar Indian history will not be complete with- $210 Periodical postage paid, New York, NY and at additional mailing offices. to that of activist Anna Hazare? out Singh’s name figuring prominently in Postmaster: Send address changes to: With the recent economic growth in The fast by Baba Ramdev is no differ- it. INDIA ABROAD, 42 Broadway 18th floor, New York, NY 10004 Copyright (c) 2006, India Abroad Publications, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • (Public Section) Padma Awards Directory (1954-2009) Year-Wise List Sl
    MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS (Public Section) Padma Awards Directory (1954-2009) Year-Wise List Sl. Prefix First Name Last Name Award State Field Remarks 1954 1 Dr. Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan BR TN Public Affairs Expired 2 Shri Chakravarti Rajagopalachari BR TN Public Affairs Expired 3 Dr. Chandrasekhara Raman BR TN Science & Eng. Expired Venkata 4 Shri Nand Lal Bose PV WB Art Expired 5 Dr. Satyendra Nath Bose PV WB Litt. & Edu. 6 Dr. Zakir Hussain PV AP Public Affairs Expired 7 Shri B.G. Kher PV MAH Public Affairs Expired 8 Shri V.K. Krishna Menon PV KER Public Affairs Expired 9 Shri Jigme Dorji Wangchuk PV BHU Public Affairs 10 Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha PB MAH Science & Eng. Expired 11 Dr. Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar PB UP Science & Eng. Expired 12 Shri Mahadeva Iyer Ganapati PB OR Civil Service 13 Dr. J.C. Ghosh PB WB Science & Eng. Expired 14 Shri Maithilisharan Gupta PB UP Litt. & Edu. Expired 15 Shri Radha Krishan Gupta PB DEL Civil Service Expired 16 Shri R.R. Handa PB PUN Civil Service Expired 17 Shri Amar Nath Jha PB UP Litt. & Edu. Expired 18 Shri Malihabadi Josh PB DEL Litt. & Edu. 19 Dr. Ajudhia Nath Khosla PB DEL Science & Eng. Expired 20 Shri K.S. Krishnan PB TN Science & Eng. Expired 21 Shri Moulana Hussain Madni PB PUN Litt. & Edu. Ahmed 22 Shri V.L. Mehta PB GUJ Public Affairs Expired 23 Shri Vallathol Narayana Menon PB KER Litt. & Edu. Expired Wednesday, July 22, 2009 Page 1 of 133 Sl. Prefix First Name Last Name Award State Field Remarks 24 Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • PAKISTAN: REGIONAL RIVALRIES, LOCAL IMPACTS Edited by Mona Kanwal Sheikh, Farzana Shaikh and Gareth Price DIIS REPORT 2012:12 DIIS REPORT
    DIIS REPORT 2012:12 DIIS REPORT PAKISTAN: REGIONAL RIVALRIES, LOCAL IMPACTS Edited by Mona Kanwal Sheikh, Farzana Shaikh and Gareth Price DIIS REPORT 2012:12 DIIS REPORT This report is published in collaboration with DIIS . DANISH INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDIES 1 DIIS REPORT 2012:12 © Copenhagen 2012, the author and DIIS Danish Institute for International Studies, DIIS Strandgade 56, DK-1401 Copenhagen, Denmark Ph: +45 32 69 87 87 Fax: +45 32 69 87 00 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.diis.dk Cover photo: Protesting Hazara Killings, Press Club, Islamabad, Pakistan, April 2012 © Mahvish Ahmad Layout and maps: Allan Lind Jørgensen, ALJ Design Printed in Denmark by Vesterkopi AS ISBN 978-87-7605-517-2 (pdf ) ISBN 978-87-7605-518-9 (print) Price: DKK 50.00 (VAT included) DIIS publications can be downloaded free of charge from www.diis.dk Hardcopies can be ordered at www.diis.dk Mona Kanwal Sheikh, ph.d., postdoc [email protected] 2 DIIS REPORT 2012:12 Contents Abstract 4 Acknowledgements 5 Pakistan – a stage for regional rivalry 7 The Baloch insurgency and geopolitics 25 Militant groups in FATA and regional rivalries 31 Domestic politics and regional tensions in Pakistan-administered Kashmir 39 Gilgit–Baltistan: sovereignty and territory 47 Punjab and Sindh: expanding frontiers of Jihadism 53 Urban Sindh: region, state and locality 61 3 DIIS REPORT 2012:12 Abstract What connects China to the challenges of separatism in Balochistan? Why is India important when it comes to water shortages in Pakistan? How does jihadism in Punjab and Sindh differ from religious militancy in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA)? Why do Iran and Saudi Arabia matter for the challenges faced by Pakistan in Gilgit–Baltistan? These are some of the questions that are raised and discussed in the analytical contributions of this report.
    [Show full text]
  • The First National Conference Government in Jammu and Kashmir, 1948-53
    THE FIRST NATIONAL CONFERENCE GOVERNMENT IN JAMMU AND KASHMIR, 1948-53 THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF Doctor of Philosophy IN HISTORY BY SAFEER AHMAD BHAT Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh Muslim University UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF PROF. ISHRAT ALAM CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 2019 CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION I, Safeer Ahmad Bhat, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of History, certify that the work embodied in this Ph.D. thesis is my own bonafide work carried out by me under the supervision of Prof. Ishrat Alam at Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. The matter embodied in this Ph.D. thesis has not been submitted for the award of any other degree. I declare that I have faithfully acknowledged, given credit to and referred to the researchers wherever their works have been cited in the text and the body of the thesis. I further certify that I have not willfully lifted up some other’s work, para, text, data, result, etc. reported in the journals, books, magazines, reports, dissertations, theses, etc., or available at web-sites and included them in this Ph.D. thesis and cited as my own work. The manuscript has been subjected to plagiarism check by Urkund software. Date: ………………… (Signature of the candidate) (Name of the candidate) Certificate from the Supervisor Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh Muslim University This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of my knowledge. Prof. Ishrat Alam Professor, CAS, Department of History, AMU (Signature of the Chairman of the Department with seal) COURSE/COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION/PRE- SUBMISSION SEMINAR COMPLETION CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • “EYES” in SOUTHERN ASIAN SKIES Wing Commander ABS Chaudhry Research Fellow, Centre for Air Power Studies
    12\09 15 September 2009 “EYES” IN SOUTHERN ASIAN SKIES Wing Commander ABS Chaudhry Research Fellow, Centre for Air Power Studies The much awaited Airborne Warning and The integration of the AWACS with advance, providing enough time for IAF Control System (AWACS) for the Indian Air combat jets and air defence systems to other assets of the IAF, including 3 Force flew into the country escorted by combat jets, will provide a robust respond to the threat. fighter aircraft of the IAF. The AWACS decision-making cycle for air force AWACS in the Asian Region aircraft, or ‘Eye in the Sky’, landed in India commanders. The AWACS will on 25, May 2009 and was formally At the induction ceremony, the CAS Air inducted by Defence Minister A.K. Antony perform surveillance and Chief Marshal F.H. Major said: “AWACS on 28 May 2009. India had signed a deal reconnaissance roles and provide will enable the Air Force to project itself worth $1.1 billion for the supply of the three beyond visual range intelligence on as a formidable force. Integration of this Phalcon Airborne Early Warning (AEW) incoming enemy aircraft and sophisticated platform with our Air systems in April 2004.1 The Israeli system missiles well in advance, providing Defence Network will add a new is mounted on a Russian-built IL-76 enough time for IAF combat jets and dimension to the IAF’s capability to guard transport aircraft as a part of the tripartite air defence systems to respond to the Indian skies.” He added that AWACS agreement between India, Israel and the threat.
    [Show full text]
  • CANTONMENT BOARD ABBOTTABAD PROCEEDING of BOARD MEETING HELD on 27Th AUGUST, 2019
    CANTONMENT BOARD ABBOTTABAD PROCEEDING OF BOARD MEETING HELD ON 27th AUGUST, 2019 CONTENTS 1 MONTHLY STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS .............................................................................. 5 2 MONTHLY ARREARS STATEMENTS ...................................................................................... 5 3 SANITARY DIARY ................................................................................................................... 6 4 ANNUAL ACCOUNTS OF RECEIPTS & EXPENDITURE FOR THE YEAR 2018-19 ................ 6 5 RE-APPROPRIATION FROM MAJOR TO MAJOR HEAD OF BUDGET ESTIMATES 2019-20 ................................................................................................................................................. 6 6 CONSIDERATION OF PURCHASE OF 4 NOS. CONSERVANCY VEHICLES (ESTIMATED COST RS.20.00 (M)SANCTIONED IN THE BUDGET ESTIMATES 2019-20........................... 7 7 ENLISTMENT AS APPROVED CONTRACTOR CANTONMENT BOARD ABBOTTABAD ... 8 8 APPROVAL OF ESTIMATES OF PUBLIC WORKS ................................................................. 8 9 REPAIR / MAINTENANCE OF STREET LIGHTS FROM MURREE CHOWK TO MISSILE CHOWK MANSEHRA ROAD, ABBOTTABAD BY LAYING 500 METER 4-CORE CABLE ... 9 10 IMPROVEMENT OF NULLAH & INSTALLATION OF IRON GRATING INFRONT OF FRIEND BAKERS SUPPLY, MANSEHRA ROAD ABBOTTABAD CANTT ........................................... 9 11 IMPROVEMENT OF WBM ROAD & INSTALLATION OF BARBED WIRE NEAR GATE AT CB TRENCHING GROUND SALHAD ........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Pakistan's Quest for Security and Stability Event Report October 15
    Pakistan’s Quest for Security and Stability Event Report October 15, 2019 Table of Contents 1. Concept Note.................................................................................................................................. 1 2. Event Promotional Campaign .................................................................................................... 2 Infographics ................................................................................................................................... 3 3. Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... 4 4. Brief of the Conference ............................................................................................................... 6 OPENING SESSION ......................................................................................................................... 7 FIRST SESSION ............................................................................................................................. 10 SECOND SESSION ........................................................................................................................ 15 5. Profiles of Speakers.................................................................................................................... 19 6. Conference Program .................................................................................................................. 22 7. Graphical Representation of the Participants ...................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright by Mohammad Raisur Rahman 2008
    Copyright by Mohammad Raisur Rahman 2008 The Dissertation Committee for Mohammad Raisur Rahman certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Islam, Modernity, and Educated Muslims: A History of Qasbahs in Colonial India Committee: _____________________________________ Gail Minault, Supervisor _____________________________________ Cynthia M. Talbot _____________________________________ Denise A. Spellberg _____________________________________ Michael H. Fisher _____________________________________ Syed Akbar Hyder Islam, Modernity, and Educated Muslims: A History of Qasbahs in Colonial India by Mohammad Raisur Rahman, B.A. Honors; M.A.; M.Phil. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin August 2008 Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to the fond memories of my parents, Najma Bano and Azizur Rahman, and to Kulsum Acknowledgements Many people have assisted me in the completion of this project. This work could not have taken its current shape in the absence of their contributions. I thank them all. First and foremost, I owe my greatest debt of gratitude to my advisor Gail Minault for her guidance and assistance. I am grateful for her useful comments, sharp criticisms, and invaluable suggestions on the earlier drafts, and for her constant encouragement, support, and generous time throughout my doctoral work. I must add that it was her path breaking scholarship in South Asian Islam that inspired me to come to Austin, Texas all the way from New Delhi, India. While it brought me an opportunity to work under her supervision, I benefited myself further at the prospect of working with some of the finest scholars and excellent human beings I have ever known.
    [Show full text]
  • ORF Issue Brief 17 FINAL
    EARCH S F E O R U R N E D V A R T E I O S N B O ORF ISSUE BRIEF APRIL 2009 ISSUE BRIEF # 17 Military-militant nexus in Pakistan and implications for peace with India By Wilson John n November 26, 2008, 10 terrorists who There is otherwise substantial evidence that shows attacked Mumbai undid in less than 60 the Mumbai attack was planned and executed with Ohours what governments of two the help of present and former ISI and Army sovereign nations had been struggling for over four officers who form part of a clandestine group set up years to achieve-peace and stability in the region. to pursue the Army's duplicitous policy of These terrorists were from Pakistan, recruited, protecting its allies among the terrorist groups trained and armed by Lashkar-e-Tayyeba (LeT), a operating within the country while fighting others terrorist group with visible presence across the for the US as part of the Global War on Terror.1 country. The group has clear allegiance to the global terrorist groups like al Qaida and has a presence in This strategic military-militant collusion in Pakistan, over 21 countries. which shows no signs of breaking up, will remain the most critical stumbling block in any future It is well known that terrorist groups like LeT could attempt to mend the relationship between India and not have weathered eight years of global sanctions Pakistan. Arguing the case for dismantling the without the support of the State, and in case of terrorist infrastructure in Pakistan as a pre- Pakistan, it has to be the Pakistan Army and its condition for reviving the peace process, this paper intelligence agency, ISI.
    [Show full text]