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A Study of the Translation of English Adverbs of Manner Into Indonesian Found in David Nicholl’S One Day

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A Study of the Translation of English Adverbs of Manner Into Indonesian Found in David Nicholl’S One Day View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Jurnal Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya A STUDY OF THE TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH ADVERBS OF MANNER INTO INDONESIAN FOUND IN DAVID NICHOLL’S ONE DAY Nollan Dayna* Susie Chrismalia Garnida** ABSTRAK. Artikel ini mendiskusikan masalah ketakkesetaraan dalam penerjahan kata keterangan cara bahasa Inggris ke dalam bahasa Indonesia pada tingkat kata. Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data adalah novel One Day karya David Nicholls (2009) dan terjemahan bahasa Indonesianya (2012). Data terkumpul adalah 118. Dari jumlah tersebut, tujuh puluh tujuh (77) data menunjukkan kesetaraan, dan empat puluh satu (41) data ketakkesetaraan. Seperti yang diharapkan, data setara dijabarkan ke dalam kata atau frase struktur dari ber-, se + Kasat 2x + nya, se + Kasat + N, per-, Artikel Baru + Ajun, akhiran -nya dalam teks TL. Fokus analisis adalah pada data taksetara. Dua strategi yang ditemukan: (1) terjemahan lewat penghilangan dan (2) terjemahan dengan menggunakan kata yang lebih netral. Alasan penghilangan keterangan cara dalam terjemahannya antara lain: teks TL sudah menggunakan kata-kata lain dengan arti yang sama, informasi yang cukup tanpa menyebutkan mereka, konteksnya telah membuatnya jelas. Alasan untuk Strategi kedua meliputi menghindari makna yang tidak alami dan membangun rasa yang lebih netral. Kata kunci: Adverbs of Manner, Non-equivalence, Translation Strategies INTRODUCTION This study focuses on the translation of Depite the role of English as an international English adverbs of manner into Indonesian. language and the fact that many aspects of Adverbs may be accompanied by modifiers. An modern life, such as technology, politics, education, adverb of manner can modify a verb, an and entertainment, involve English as a means adjective, or another verb, and it can appear in of communication, there is still a fact that not all a different position in a sentence (About.com: people in different countries have a good ability Definition of adverb Phrase). English adverbs in English, and Indonesia is one of them. The of manner frequently ends in –ly; however, many need for translation work is inevitable when one words and phrases not ending in –ly serve faces difficulty in understanding another lan- adverbial functions and words end in –ly do not guage and when good communication between necessarily adverbs of manner (ex. adjectives people all around the world is required. such as lovely, motherly, friendly, neighborly). Translation is a transfer of message and An adverb of manner is used to modify how a information from one language to another person performs an action or activity (the way (Encyclopedia: Translation).Translation is the things happen). It usually placed after the verb. communication of the meaning of a source-language For example, he moved silently. text by means of an equivalent target-language. It For the purpose of the study of the translation means that to translate is to produce a target- of English adverbs of manner into Indonesian, language for target purpose and target address- David Nicholl’s novel One Day (2009) and its ees in target circumstances (Wikipedia: Trans- Indonesian version with similar title One Day lation). Translation also deals with the grammar (Esensi Erlangga Group, 2012) are chosen as of the language. So the translator must be careful the data source. Since the English version of when translating the language. novel contains a great number of expressions of * Nollan Dayna, S.S., alumnus Sastra Inggris Universitas 17 Agustus 945 Surabaya Dra. Susie Chrismalia Garnida, M.Pd., dosen Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya Parafrase Vol. 14 No.01 Februari 2014 17 Nollan D. & Susie C.G. - A Study of The Translation adverbs of manner, it is, therefore, interesting to word or superordinate, (2) translation by a more examine how these expressions of adverb of neutral or less expressive word, (3) translation manner in English are translated into Indonesian. by cultural substitution, (4) translation using a The problem to be answered in the study is: What loanword or loanword plus explanation, (5) is the Indonesian translation of English adverb translation by paraphrase using a related word, of manner found in the David Nicholl’sOne Day? (6) translation by paraphrase using unrelated words, (7) translation by omission, and (8) trans- THEORETICAL REVIEW lation by illustration. In the present study, both 1. Translation the problems of non-equivalence in the data and Translation involves a number of activities, strategies to solve these problems are identified including working with a range of written and analyzed. material (ex. articles, books, documents) whose contents are to be transferred into another lan- 2. Adverbs of Manner in English guage, transferring concepts and ideas, modifying Generally, English adverbs are those words the result to be understood in the target language or phrases that modify or qualify an adjective, while maintaining the meaning of ideas and verb, or a phrase, expressing a relation of place, information of the source text (http:// time, and manner. One type of adverbs is adverb writinghood.com/writing/the-concept-of- of manner. It is usually formed by adding -ly to translation/). In doing so, a translator should be an adjective (ex. bad-badly, careful-carefully, qualified in his or her knowledge of the source soft-softly). Adverbs of manner tell how something language, target language, and subject matter. happens. They are usually placed after the main Finding equivalents is the most problematic stage verb (ex. He ran rapidly), after the object (ex. in translation. It is not meant that translators He plays the flutebeautifully), or when a preposition should always find one-to-one categorically or (such as at, towards, etc.) occurs before the structurally equivalent units in two languages. object, the adverb can be placed either before Translators also need to understand the thoughts the preposition or after the object (ex. The child and the feelings behind the words (http:// ran happily towards his mother/The child ran share.pdfonline.com/TRANSLATION.htm). towards his mother happily). An adverb of In translation, the problem arises when the manner may be placed before a verb + object to expressions in source language is not equivalent add emphasis (He gently woke the sleeping to target language. Some of the common woman), or at the beginning of the sentence for problems of non-equivalence include: (1) some cohesive purposes (Slowly she picked up culture specific concept, (2) the source-language the knife). Some adverbs always come after verbs concept is not lexicalized in the target language, (such as well, badly, hard, fast). The position of (3) the source language word is semantically the adverb is important when there is more than complex, (4) the source and target languages make one verb in a sentence. If the adverb is placed different distinctions in meaning, (5) the target after a clause, then it modifies the whole action language lacks a superordinate, (6) the target describes by the clause. Notice the difference in language lacks specific term (hyponyms), (7) meaning between the following pairs of sentences: differences in physical or interpersonal perspective, 1) a. She quickly agreed to re-type the letter. (her (8) differences in expressive meaning, (9) agreement was quick) differences in form. (10) differences in frequency b. She agreed to re-type the letter quickly. (the and purpose of using specific form, and (11) the re-typing was quick) use of loan words in the source text. 2) a. He quietly asked me to leave the house (his There are some strategies used by professional request was quiet) translators for dealing with various types of non- b. He asked me to leave the house quietly. (the equivalence: (1) translation by a more general leaving was quiet) 18 Parafrase Vol. 14 No.01 Februari 2014 Nollan D. & Susie C.G. - A Study of The Translation 3. Adverb of Manner in Indonesian RESEARCH METHOD Adverbs of manner are those adverbs stating The research design of the study is descriptive how events or processes occur. Part of the qualitative, based on Bogdan’s (1928:28) notion sentence that serves as an adverb of manner is that “qualitative research is descriptive from the the answer to the question raised by the use of reason that data collected is in form of words or the word how. Morphologically, Indonesian pictures rather than number”. Qualitative research adverbs of manner may be formed by a single aims to gather an in-depth understanding of word (segera), by a group of words (tinggi- human behavior and the reason that govern such tinggi, sekuat-kuatnya), by a prepositional behavior. The qualitative method investigates the phrase (dengan lantang, secara musyawarah). why and how of decision making, not just what, Syntactically, an adverb of manner is located where, when (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ between subject and predicate (Dia segera Qualitative_research). This study aims to meninggalkan ruang pertemuan), but may analyze, identify, and classify the data. The data appear at the beginning or the end of a sentence is taken from David Nicholl’s One Day (2009) (Dengan lantang wakil karyawan itu and its Indonesian version with the same title One membacakan tuntutannya). Day (2012). The study involves 118 data in the Adverbs of manner in the form of preposi- form of sentences taken from the source language tional phrases usually take such prepositions as (SL, English) text and target language (TL, dengan, secara, tanpa, or demi followed by an Indonesian) text. adjective (dengan/secara pelan) or a noun (tanpa kemauan besar). Without any preposition, the RESULT AND DISCUSSION function is shown by repeating the adjective Analysis of the 118 data results in 77 data (pelan-pelan). An adverb of manner can be also with equivalent translation and 41 data with non- formed by combining se- and –nya with a equivalent translation.
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