The Meaning of Approximative Adverbs: Evidence from European Portuguese
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Examples of Past Perfect Tense in English
Examples Of Past Perfect Tense In English Blasting and evincible Pepillo revered so unmistakably that Antonius clamber his intercolumniation. Disentangled and forespent Cletus deflating some riveters so well-timed! Is Curt troubling or lithographical when concretes some dolichocephaly vaporizing recessively? Present and martial art equipments each level, we care of them to perfect in Are past present tense? This tense is used to do you emma is understood me for free guide will be adapted for years before understanding of examples past tense in perfect english past tense refers to stand up? When expressing your third party or in tense sentence by the past simple is time doris got to! She cover a want, you know. The second issue may set to leave event that happened continuously or habitually in to past. She would sent dozens of applications when one day finally responded. Dictionary of English Grammar the authors give these examples. They have been completed in english and learn your name is to english fluently, i appreciate the english of past perfect tense examples to the tenses, you ready to! Past verb tense English grammar 12th November 201 by Andrew 1 Comment Let's start with sample example attach the past remains in context Yesterday Mark. In English the your perfect condition two parts often 'had' plus the signature simple. As well as well as long or song lyrics, especially books before him? Thank you ever seen once you think of having a week. In sentence of special topics, I have thus giving lessons in German pronunciation. Connor has offered to animal to her. -
Serbian: an Essential Grammar
Contents Serbian An Essential Grammar Serbian: An Essential Grammar is an up to date and practical reference guide to the most important aspects of Serbian as used by contemporary native speakers of the language. This book presents an accessible description of the language, focusing on real, contemporary patterns of use. The Grammar aims to serve as a reference source for the learner and user of Serbian irrespective of level, by setting out the complexities of the language in short, readable sections. It is ideal for independent study or for students in schools, colleges, universities and all types of adult classes. Features of this Grammar include: • use of Cyrillic and Latin script in plentiful examples throughout • a cultural section on the language and its dialects • clear and detailed explanations of simple and complex grammatical concepts • detailed contents list and index for easy access to information. Lila Hammond has been teaching Serbian both in Serbia and the UK for over twenty-five years and presently teaches at the Defence School of Languages, Beaconsfield, UK. i Routledge Essential Grammars Contents Essential Grammars are available for the following languages: Chinese Danish Dutch English Finnish Modern Greek Modern Hebrew Hungarian Norwegian Polish Portuguese Serbian Spanish Swedish Thai Urdu Other titles of related interest published by Routledge: Colloquial Croatian Colloquial Serbian ii Contents Serbian An Essential Grammar Lila Hammond iii First published 2005 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. -
Sign Language Typology Series
SIGN LANGUAGE TYPOLOGY SERIES The Sign Language Typology Series is dedicated to the comparative study of sign languages around the world. Individual or collective works that systematically explore typological variation across sign languages are the focus of this series, with particular emphasis on undocumented, underdescribed and endangered sign languages. The scope of the series primarily includes cross-linguistic studies of grammatical domains across a larger or smaller sample of sign languages, but also encompasses the study of individual sign languages from a typological perspective and comparison between signed and spoken languages in terms of language modality, as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to sign language typology. Interrogative and Negative Constructions in Sign Languages Edited by Ulrike Zeshan Sign Language Typology Series No. 1 / Interrogative and negative constructions in sign languages / Ulrike Zeshan (ed.) / Nijmegen: Ishara Press 2006. ISBN-10: 90-8656-001-6 ISBN-13: 978-90-8656-001-1 © Ishara Press Stichting DEF Wundtlaan 1 6525XD Nijmegen The Netherlands Fax: +31-24-3521213 email: [email protected] http://ishara.def-intl.org Cover design: Sibaji Panda Printed in the Netherlands First published 2006 Catalogue copy of this book available at Depot van Nederlandse Publicaties, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Den Haag (www.kb.nl/depot) To the deaf pioneers in developing countries who have inspired all my work Contents Preface........................................................................................................10 -
Analysis of Expressive Interjection Translation in Terms of Meanings
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id ANALYSIS OF EXPRESSIVE INTERJECTION TRANSLATION IN TERMS OF MEANINGS, TECHNIQUES, AND QUALITY ASSESSMENTS IN “THE VERY BEST DONALD DUCK” BILINGUAL COMICS EDITION 17 THESIS Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for Sarjana Degree at English Department of Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts University of Sebelas Maret By: LIA ADHEDIA C0305042 ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LETTERS AND FINE ARTS UNIVERSITY OF SEBELAS MARET SURAKARTA 2012 THESIScommit APPROVAL to user i perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id commit to user ii perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id commit to user iii perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id PRONOUNCEMENT Name : Lia Adhedia NIM : C0305042 Stated whole-heartedly that this thesis entitled Analysis of Expressive Interjection Translation in Terms of Meanings, Techniques, and Quality Assessments in “The Very Best Donald Duck” bilingual comics edition 17 is originally made by the researcher. It is neither a plagiarism, nor made by others. The things related to other people’s works are written in quotation and included within bibliography. If it is then proved that the researcher cheats, the researcher is ready to take the responsibility. Surakarta, May 2012 The researcher Lia Adhedia C0305042 commit to user iv perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id MOTTOS “Allah does not change a people’s lot unless they change what their hearts is.” (Surah ar-Ra’d: 11) “So, verily, with every difficulty, there is relief.” (Surah Al Insyirah: 5) commit to user v perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to My beloved mother and father My beloved sister and brother commit to user vi perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id ACKNOWLEDGMENT Alhamdulillaahirabbil’aalamiin, all praises and thanks be to Allah, and peace be upon His chosen bondsmen and women. -
Portuguese Language in Angola: Luso-Creoles' Missing Link? John M
Portuguese language in Angola: luso-creoles' missing link? John M. Lipski {presented at annual meeting of the AATSP, San Diego, August 9, 1995} 0. Introduction Portuguese explorers first reached the Congo Basin in the late 15th century, beginning a linguistic and cultural presence that in some regions was to last for 500 years. In other areas of Africa, Portuguese-based creoles rapidly developed, while for several centuries pidginized Portuguese was a major lingua franca for the Atlantic slave trade, and has been implicated in the formation of many Afro- American creoles. The original Portuguese presence in southwestern Africa was confined to limited missionary activity, and to slave trading in coastal depots, but in the late 19th century, Portugal reentered the Congo-Angola region as a colonial power, committed to establishing permanent European settlements in Africa, and to Europeanizing the native African population. In the intervening centuries, Angola and the Portuguese Congo were the source of thousands of slaves sent to the Americas, whose language and culture profoundly influenced Latin American varieties of Portuguese and Spanish. Despite the key position of the Congo-Angola region for Ibero-American linguistic development, little is known of the continuing use of the Portuguese language by Africans in Congo-Angola during most of the five centuries in question. Only in recent years has some attention been directed to the Portuguese language spoken non-natively but extensively in Angola and Mozambique (Gonçalves 1983). In Angola, the urban second-language varieties of Portuguese, especially as spoken in the squatter communities of Luanda, have been referred to as Musseque Portuguese, a name derived from the KiMbundu term used to designate the shantytowns themselves. -
Transatlantic Variation in English Adverb Placement
Language Variation and Change, 25 (2013), 179–200. © Cambridge University Press, 2013 0954-3945/13 $16.00 doi:10.1017/S0954394513000082 Transatlantic variation in English adverb placement C ATHLEEN W ATERS University of Toronto ABSTRACT This study examines the placement of an adverb with respect to a modal or perfect auxiliary in English (e.g., It might potentially escape / It potentially might escape). The data are drawn from two large, socially stratified corpora of vernacular English (Toronto, Canada, and York, England) and thus allow a cross-dialect perspective on linguistic and social correlates. Using quantitative sociolinguistic methods, I demonstrate similarity in the varieties, with the postauxiliary position generally strongly favored. Of particular importance is the structure of the auxiliary phrase; when a modal is followed by the perfect auxiliary (e.g., It might have escaped), the rates of preauxiliary adverb placement are considerably higher. As the variation is chiefly correlated with linguistic, rather than social factors, I apply recent proposals from Generative syntax to further understand the grammar of the phenomenon. However, the evidence suggests that the variability seen here is a result of postsyntactic, rather than syntactic, processes. Quantitative sociolinguistic study of adverbs has been limited, and much of the comparative work that has been undertaken on English has focused solely on morphological variation of the suffix -ly (Aijmer, 2009; Algeo, 2006; Biber, Johansson, Leech, Conrad, & Finegan, 1999; Opdahl, 2000). This work addresses the lacuna by examining a facet of adverb placement in two varieties of English using data from large, socially stratified corpora of vernacular English (described herein). -
Tigre and the Case of Internal Reduplication*
San Diego Linguistic Papers 1 (2003) 109-128 TRIPLE TAKE: TIGRE AND THE CASE OF * INTERNAL REDUPLICATION Sharon Rose University of California, San Diego _______________________________________________________________________ Ethiopian Semitic languages all have some form of internal reduplication. The characteristics of Tigre reduplication are described here, and are shown to diverge from the other languages in two main respects: i) the meaning and ii) the ability to incur multiple reduplication of the reduplicative syllable. The formation of internal reduplication is accomplished via infixation plus addditional templatic shape requirements which override many properties of the regular verb stem. Further constraints on realization of the full reduplicative syllable outweigh restrictions on multiple repetition of consonants, particularly gutturals. _______________________________________________________________________ 1 Introduction Ethiopian Semitic languages have a form of internal reduplication, often termed the ‘frequentative’, which is formed by means of an infixed ‘reduplicative syllable’ consisting of reduplication of the penultimate root consonant and a vowel, usually [a]: ex. Tigrinya s«bab«r« ‘break in pieces’ corresponding to the verb s«b«r« ‘break’.1 Leslau (1939) describes the semantic value of the frequentative as reiterative, intensive, augmentative or attenuative, to which one could add distributive and diminutive. This paper focuses on several aspects of internal reduplication in Tigre, the northernmost Ethio-Semitic language. I present new data demonstrating that not only does Tigre allow internal reduplication with a wide variety of verbs, but it differs notably from other Ethiopian Semitic languages in two important respects: (1) a. the meaning of the internal reduplication is normally ‘diminutive’ or represents elapsed time between action; in the other languages it is usually intensive. -
Portuguese Languagelanguage Kitkit
PortuguesePortuguese LanguageLanguage KitKit Expressions - Grammar - Online Resources - Culture languagecoursesuk.co.uk Introduction Whether you plan to embark on a new journey towards learning Portuguese or you just need a basic reference booklet for a trip abroad, the Cactus team has compiled some of the most help- ful Portuguese expressions, grammar rules, culture tips and recommendations. Portuguese is one the most significant languages in the world, and Portugal and Brazil are popular desti- nations for holidays and business trips. As such, Portuguese is appealing to an ever-growing number of Cactus language learners. Learning Portuguese will be a great way to discover the fascinating cultures and gastronomy of the lusophone world, and to improve your career pros- pects. Learning Portuguese is the beginning of an exciting adventure that is waiting for you! The Cactus Team 3. Essential Expressions Contact us 4. Grammar and Numbers Telephone (local rate) 5. Useful Verbs 0845 130 4775 8. Online Resources Telephone (int’l) 10. Take a Language Holiday +44 1273 830 960 11. Cultural Differences Monday-Thursday: 9am-7pm 12. Portugal & Brazil Culture Friday: 9am-5pm Recommendations 15. Start Learning Portuguese 2 Essential Expressions Hello Olá (olah) Goodbye Tchau (chaoh) Please Por favor Thank you Obrigado (obrigahdu) Yes Sim (simng) No Não (nowng) Excuse me/sorry Desculpe / perdão (des-cool-peh) My name is… O meu nome é… (oh meoh nomay ay) What is your name? Qual é o seu nome? (kwah-ooh eh seh-ooh noh-mee) Nice to meet you Muito prazer -
Chapter 6 Mirativity and the Bulgarian Evidential System Elena Karagjosova Freie Universität Berlin
Chapter 6 Mirativity and the Bulgarian evidential system Elena Karagjosova Freie Universität Berlin This paper provides an account of the Bulgarian admirative construction andits place within the Bulgarian evidential system based on (i) new observations on the morphological, temporal, and evidential properties of the admirative, (ii) a criti- cal reexamination of existing approaches to the Bulgarian evidential system, and (iii) insights from a similar mirative construction in Spanish. I argue in particular that admirative sentences are assertions based on evidence of some sort (reporta- tive, inferential, or direct) which are contrasted against the set of beliefs held by the speaker up to the point of receiving the evidence; the speaker’s past beliefs entail a proposition that clashes with the assertion, triggering belief revision and resulting in a sense of surprise. I suggest an analysis of the admirative in terms of a mirative operator that captures the evidential, temporal, aspectual, and modal properties of the construction in a compositional fashion. The analysis suggests that although mirativity and evidentiality can be seen as separate semantic cate- gories, the Bulgarian admirative represents a cross-linguistically relevant case of a mirative extension of evidential verbal forms. Keywords: mirativity, evidentiality, fake past 1 Introduction The Bulgarian evidential system is an ongoing topic of discussion both withre- spect to its interpretation and its morphological buildup. In this paper, I focus on the currently poorly understood admirative construction. The analysis I present is based on largely unacknowledged observations and data involving the mor- phological structure, the syntactic environment, and the evidential meaning of the admirative. Elena Karagjosova. -
COPULAR CLAUSES in ENGLISH* Masatake Arimoto Nanzan University 1. Introduction English Has Copular Verb Be As Exemplified In
COPULAR CLAUSES IN ENGLISH* Masatake Arimoto Nanzan University 1. Introduction English has copular verb be as exemplified in sentences like (1) and (2). (1) a. John is honest. b. John is a philosopher. (2) a. John is the Mayor of Cambridge. b. A picture of the wall was the cause of the riot. (Moro, 1997) Sentences in (1) and (2) appear to express that the pre-verbal elements are related to post-verbal elements in the same way. However, sentences in (1) and those in (2) behave differently. For example, if post-verbal elements are placed before be and pre-verbal elements are placed after be, the resultant sentences are unacceptable for (1) as in (3), but acceptable for (2) as in (4). (3) a. *Honest is John. b. *A philosopher is John. (4) a. The Mayor of Cambridge is John. b. The cause of the riot was a picture of the wall. Sentences like (2) and sentences like (4) again appear to express the same meanings, but there are some syntactic differences between them. Both of them appear in an ECM construction as in (5), but only sentences in (2) are possible in a Small Clause construction as in (6): sentences in (4) are impossible in a Small Clause construction as in (6b). (5) a. John considers a picture of the wall to be the cause of the riot. b. John considers the cause of the riot to be a picture of the wall. (6) a. John considers a picture of the wall the cause of the riot. b. -
18Futbol Camino a Corea Y Japón
Miércoles 13 de febrero de 2002 Mundo Deportivo 18 FUTBOL CAMINO A COREA Y JAPÓN España y Camacho Portugal miden motiva hoy sus fuerzas recordando que pensando en la la lista de 23 gran cita Sabor está abierta aMundial Javier Gascón BARCELONA ESPAÑA PORTUGAL ólo es un amistoso, pue- TÉCNICO MONTJUÏC TÉCNICO Montjuïc se den pensar algunos, pero J. ANTONIO ANTONIO CAMACHO RICARDO OLIVEIRA esta noche la selección se CAÑIZARES 'TONI' llenó hace dos S SALGADO NADAL J. COSTA DIMAS juega algo más que el pres- PUYOL COUTO tigio ante Portugal, otra selección años ante Italia MENDIETA SERGI FRECHAUT PAULO BENTO con aspiraciones en el Mundial. HELGUERA VIDIGAL JOAO PINTO De lo que ocurra esta noche depen- P. BARBOSA Quizás no se alcance en el Estadi MORIENTES de que la afición vuelva a ilusio- VALERÓN VICENTE Olímpic de Montjuïc el FIGO PAULETA narse y a engancharse con España extraordinario ambiente del TRISTÁN Alessandro Todor tal y como sucedió antes de la amistoso de hace dos años contra (Rumanía) Eurocopa, aunque luego no llega- Italia (2-0), el 29 de marzo de TITULARES TITULARES ra el éxito soñado. El resultado es VISITAS DE PORTUGAL A ESPAÑA 2000, cuando cerca de 50.000 1 1 importante, pero mucho más la CAÑIZARES MORIENTES 18-12-1921 Amistoso ESP-POR, 3-1 Madrid RICARDO espectadores comenzaron a soñar 2 SALGADO FRECHAUT 2 actitud, el carácter y el juego que 16-12-1923 Amistoso ESP-POR, 3-0 Sevilla con un éxito en la Eurocopa que no 3 SERGI 17-03-1929 Amistoso ESP-POR, 5-0 Sevilla DIMAS 3 se desplegue sobre el césped del 4 PUYOL 02-04-1933 Amistoso ESP-POR, 3-0 Vigo JORGE COSTA 4 llegó, pero las previsiones para Estadi Olímpic de Montjuïc. -
Olga Tribulato Ancient Greek Verb-Initial Compounds
Olga Tribulato Ancient Greek Verb-Initial Compounds Olga Tribulato - 9783110415827 Downloaded from PubFactory at 08/03/2016 10:10:53AM via De Gruyter / TCS Olga Tribulato - 9783110415827 Downloaded from PubFactory at 08/03/2016 10:10:53AM via De Gruyter / TCS Olga Tribulato Ancient Greek Verb-Initial Compounds Their Diachronic Development Within the Greek Compound System Olga Tribulato - 9783110415827 Downloaded from PubFactory at 08/03/2016 10:10:53AM via De Gruyter / TCS ISBN 978-3-11-041576-6 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-041582-7 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-041586-5 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2015 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Umschlagabbildung: Paul Klee: Einst dem Grau der Nacht enttaucht …, 1918, 17. Aquarell, Feder und Bleistit auf Papier auf Karton. 22,6 x 15,8 cm. Zentrum Paul Klee, Bern. Typesetting: Dr. Rainer Ostermann, München Printing: CPI books GmbH, Leck ♾ Printed on acid free paper Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com Olga Tribulato - 9783110415827 Downloaded from PubFactory at 08/03/2016 10:10:53AM via De Gruyter / TCS This book is for Arturo, who has waited so long. Olga Tribulato - 9783110415827 Downloaded from PubFactory at 08/03/2016 10:10:53AM via De Gruyter / TCS Olga Tribulato - 9783110415827 Downloaded from PubFactory at 08/03/2016 10:10:53AM via De Gruyter / TCS Preface and Acknowledgements Preface and Acknowledgements I have always been ὀψιανθής, a ‘late-bloomer’, and this book is a testament to it.