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Refugio Nacional De Vida Silvestre Caletas Arío Plan General de Manejo Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Caletas Arío 2014 Actualizacion del Plan General de Manejo del Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Caletas Arío Área de Conservación Tempisque (ACT) Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación (SINAC) 2014 ii Redacción y Edición del Documento: Julián Alberto García Giraldo Consultor Fundecodes Asesoría técnica: Comité de Planificación Actualización PM del Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Caletas Arío Carlos Mario Orrego Vásquez SINAC-ACT-Oficina de Programas y Proyectos Norma Rodríguez G . SINAC-ACT-Gerencia de Areas Protegidas Lara Anderson Rana. SINAC-ACT-Programa Marino Costero Nelson Espinosa Mora SINAC-ACT-RNVS Camaronal Franklin Hernández SINAC-ACT-RNVS Camaronal Gelberth Obando SINAC-ACT-RNVS Camaronal Julián García Giraldo Consultor FUNDECODES-CI Gerardo Barbosa Jiménez FUNDECODES Jorge Vásquez. FUNDECODES Ana Guzmán Conservación Internacional José Quirós Orlich Consultor-Conservación Internacional Rosa Soto Universidad Nacional Hannia Vega Universidad Nacional Andrea García Universidad Nacional Luis Hernández Universidad Nacional Colaboración especial de: Emel Rodríguez P SINAC-ACT-Programa de desarrollo Forestal Domenica Alarcon Consultora Independiente Roxana Pizarro SINAC-ACT-Patrimonio Natural del Estado José Miguel Valverde SINAC-ACT- Sistemas de información Geográfica Roberto Zúñiga SINAC-ACT-Programa de Investigaciones Yeimy Cedeño SINAC-ACT-Programa de Educación Ambiental Jorge Vásquez J Fundecodes Erick López Pretoma Validación y/o aprobación: 30-10-2013 Taller de validación con comunidades e instituciones 12-12-2013 Comité Técnico del Área de Conservación Tempisque Consejo Regional del Área de Conservación Tempisque Subcomisión de Áreas Protegidas y Patrimonio Natural del Estado Consejo Nacional de Áreas de Conservación CONAC Agradecimientos: A las comunidades de Bello Horizonte, Bajos de Arío, Quebrada Nando, San Francisco de Coyote y Bejuco. A las asociaciones de pescadores de Coyote y Bejuco. A Conservación Internacional por la financiación de este producto. Al Área de Conservación Tempisque, su unidad técnica y funcionarios del Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Camaronal por el apoyo constante y decidido para el logro de los objetivos propuestos. iii Publicado por: Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación (SINAC)-Area de Conservacion Tempisque (ACT) Donado por: Fundación para el Equilibrio entre la Conservación y el desarrollo (Fundecodes) y Conservacion Internacional Copyright: © 2014. Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación (SINAC) Citar como: SINAC-ACT. 2014. Plan General de Manejo del Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Caletas Arío. Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservacion, Área de Conservación Tempisque. Guanacaste, Costa Rica. 177p. Esta publicación puede citarse sin previa autorización con la condición que se mencione la fuente. Asesoría Técnica y Financimiento: El proceso de actualizacion y facilitación de este Plan General de Manejo fue llevado a cabo en el marco del convenio suscrito por Fundecodes y el Area de Conservacion Tempisque y Conservacion Internacional para la actualizacion de los Planes de Manejo de los Refugios Nacionales de Vida Silvestre Camaronal y Caletas Arío. ISBN: iv Índice Lista de Cuadros.…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….………. viii Lista de Figuras.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… xi Abreviaturas y Acrónimos.……………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………. xiii 1. Introducción.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………….. 1 2. Diagnóstico General.………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………. 3 2.1. Contexto Nacional.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3 2.1.1. Evaluación y análisis de las políticas y estrategias de conservación vigentes.……………………. 3 2.1.1.1. Políticas Internacionales.…………………………………………………………………………………………. 3 2.1.1.2. Políticas Nacionales.………………………………………………………………….…………………………….. 5 2.1.2. Evaluación y análisis del marco legal.…………………………….………………………………………………… 10 2.1.3. Evaluación y análisis del sistema de clasificación internacional y nacional de categorías de manejo.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….. 19 2.1.3.1. Categorías internacionales de manejo.………….……………………………………………………… 19 2.1.3.2. Categorías nacionales de manejo.……………………….…………………………………………………. 21 2.1.3.3. Relación entre la categorización internacional y nacional de las Áreas Silvestres Protegidas.……………………………………………………………………………………………………..……… 24 2.2. Contexto Regional.……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………. 25 2.2.1. Evaluación y análisis de la situación global del entorno regional.………….…………………………. 25 2.2.1.1. Actividades económicas y desarrollo social de la región.………….……………………………. 26 2.2.1.2. Estado de los recursos naturales de la región.…………….…………………………………………. 32 2.2.2. Evaluación y análisis participativo de la situación socio-económica y cultural de las comunidades aledañas al Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Caletas Arío, Guanacaste, Costa Rica.…………………………………………………………………………………………..……… 36 2.2.3. Análisis de Amenazas y Oportunidades del Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Caletas Arío y su área de influencia.…………………………………………………………………….….………………….. 46 2.2.3.1. Situación de las comunidades del área de influencia del RNVS Caletas Arío.…………. 46 2.2.3.2. Análisis situacional del Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Caletas Arío.…….…………. 50 3. Diagnóstico del Área Silvestre Protegida.…………………………….…………………………………………………………… 56 3.1. Evaluación y análisis de los recursos naturales y culturales del Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Caletas Arío.…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….… 56 3.1.1. Aspectos biofísicos del Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Caletas Arío……………….…………. 57 3.1.1.1. Área Terrestre………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 57 3.1.1.1.1. Clima…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 58 3.1.1.1.2. Geología…………………………………………………………………………………………………….… 59 3.1.1.1.3. Geomorfología………………………………………………………………………………………….…. 60 3.1.1.1.4. Suelos…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 61 3.1.1.1.5. Hidrografía…………………………………………………………………………………………….……. 62 3.1.1.1.6. Cobertura del suelo…………………………………………………………………………………….. 63 3.1.1.2. Área Marina………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 64 3.1.1.2.1. Batimetría…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 65 3.1.1.2.2. Corrientes marinas……………………………………………………………………………………… 65 3.1.1.2.3. Velocidad superficial del agua…………………………………………………………………….. 66 3.1.1.2.4. Parámetros ambientales……………………………………………………………………………… 67 v 3.1.2. Diversidad biológica del Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Caletas Arío………………………… 72 3.1.2.1. Diversidad terrestre………………………………………………………………………………………………. 72 3.1.2.1.1. Vegetación…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 72 3.1.2.1.2. Aves……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 73 3.1.2.1.3. Mamíferos……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 74 3.1.2.1.4. Reptiles y anfibios………………………………………………………………………………………… 74 3.1.2.2. Diversidad marina…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 75 3.1.2.2.1. Tortugas marinas…………………………………………………………………………………………. 75 3.1.2.2.2. Zona costera intermareal……………………………….……………………………………………. 80 3.1.2.2.3. Área marina…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 83 3.1.2.2.4. Caracterización de la pesca artesanal…………………………………………………………… 85 3.1.3. Objetos de conservación del Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Caletas Arío………………….. 90 3.1.4. Servicios ecosistémicos del RNVS Caletas Arío……………………………………………….……………….. 93 3.2. Análisis de Riesgos del Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Caletas Arío..……………………………….… 95 3.2.1. Categorización del riesgo del RNVS Caletas Arío……………………………………………………………… 95 3.3. Evaluación y análisis de tenencia de la tierra en el Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Caletas Arío…………..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 97 3.4. Evaluación y análisis de la gestión del Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Caletas Arío…..……….. 98 3.5. Evaluación y análisis de los límites del Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Caletas Arío……………. 103 3.6. Análisis de Fortalezas y Debilidades de las comunidades y del RNVS Caletas Arío…………….……… 105 3.6.1. Situación de las comunidades del área de influencia al Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Caletas Arío……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 105 3.6.2. Situación del Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Caletas Arío…………………………..……………... 108 4. Síntesis del diagnóstico del Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Caletas Arío……………..………………….….. 112 5. Elementos estratégicos para el Área Silvestre Protegida…………………………………………………….………….… 116 5.1. Análisis de la categoría de manejo del Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Caletas Arío…………... 116 5.2. Misión, Visión y Objetivos del Plan de Manejo del Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Caletas Arío……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………….... 120 5.2.1. Misión………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………….…. 120 5.2.2. Visión………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………..….…… 120 5.2.3. Objetivos…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 120 6. Zonificación para la conservación y manejo sostenible del Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Caletas Arío……………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………….…... 121 6.1. Zona de Protección……………………………………………………………………………………….…………………......… 124 6.2. Zona de Uso Restringido…………………………………………………………………………………………………….……. 125 6.3. Zona de Uso Sostenible de Recursos Marino Costeros…………………………………………………….………. 127 6.4. Zona de Uso Público……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...… 128 6.4.1. Zona de Uso Público Extensivo……………………………………………………………………………….……….. 128 6.5. Zona de Uso Especial…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….
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