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Conservation Management Plan Conservation Management Plan Na Khang – Na Kout Historical Landscape Viengthong District, Houaphanh Province, Lao PDR Draft – March 2011 Prepared by Rik Ponne, International Team Leader GMS Sustainable Tourism Development Project in Lao PDR Table of Contents Part 1 – The Site ............................................................................................................................................. 2 1.1: Description of the Na Khang - Na Kout Historical Landscape ............................................................. 2 Brief history of Na Khang (LS-36) during the Second Indochina War .................................................... 3 Na Khang today ..................................................................................................................................... 6 Ban Na Kout ........................................................................................................................................... 8 1.2: Significance ......................................................................................................................................... 9 1.3: Current issues and threats ................................................................................................................. 9 Community situation ............................................................................................................................. 9 Infrastructure ........................................................................................................................................ 9 Environment ........................................................................................................................................ 10 UXO risk assessment ........................................................................................................................... 10 Cultural heritage .................................................................................................................................. 10 Part 2: The Plan ........................................................................................................................................... 12 2.1: Objective of the Plan ........................................................................................................................ 12 2.2: Heritage Management ..................................................................................................................... 12 Legal protection ................................................................................................................................... 12 Management structure ....................................................................................................................... 12 Heritage management indicators ........................................................................................................ 13 Financial Structure ............................................................................................................................... 14 Boundaries and Zoning ........................................................................................................................ 14 Conservation approach ....................................................................................................................... 16 UXO risk management ......................................................................................................................... 18 Community heritage awareness .......................................................................................................... 18 Interpretation and Presentation ......................................................................................................... 18 Infrastructure ...................................................................................................................................... 19 Knowledge development..................................................................................................................... 20 Human resource development ............................................................................................................ 20 3: Making things happen ......................................................................................................................... 21 4: Action Plan ........................................................................................................................................... 21 Appendices: 1. Heritage Management Indicator Matrix 2. Juxtaposed historic and recent photographs 3. Law on National Heritage (Lao version and English translation) Part 1 – The Site 1.1: Description of the Na Khang - Na Kout Historical Landscape Ban Na Khang and Ban Na Kout are two neighboring villages located in the Tham La cluster of villages in Viengthong District, Houaphanh Province, northeastern Lao PDR. Ban Na Khang became the site of an important military base during the Second Indochina War. Ban Na Kout villagers went into hiding in the forest during the war, while Ban Na Khang villagers were evacuated to Vientiane Province when the base was overrun for the first time in February 1966. Once peace returned to the area, villagers from Ban Na Kout have returned and rebuilt their village while Ban Na Khang has not been re-established. It is Ban Na Kout that is now associated with the war relics in the Na Khang area. To Luang Prabang Viengthong 1c Town To Xam Neua/ Nam Nern Ban Viengthong Ban Poung Hai Ban Phou Louang To Phou Koud Houay Siap District, Xieng Khouang Ban Phou Dan Tad Lom Viet Cave Old Viet Road 5km Destroyed Equipment 2km Old Na Khang 5km Airbase Na Kout Village Na Kout Community Lodge Nam Vang Distances: N 27km Viengthong Town to Ban Na Kout Ban Thamla Tai 32km Viengthong Town to Ban Na Kout via Ban Thamla Temple ruins 7km Viengthong Town to Ban Poung Hai turn-off Ban Thamla Neua 2km Ban Na Koud to Old Na Khang Temple ruins Airbase 5km Old Na Khang Airbase to Tad Lom Figure 1 – Location map of the Na Khang - Na Kout Historical Landscape in Vientghong District Brief history of Na Khang (LS-36) during the Second Indochina War The Na Khang area has been of strategic importance during both the First and Second Indochina Wars. It were the French who first used the long and wide valley to construct an airstrip, but it was during the Second Indochina War that the site saw most of the action when it functioned as an important support center and forward operating location for the Royal Lao Government (RLG) supported –covertly- by the USA and Hmong paramilitaries (also referred to as the Secret Army) to attack Pathet Lao controlled areas in the northern provinces, particularly Houaphanh. Figure 2: Bird’s eye view of Lima Site (LS) 36 taken in 1968 The base was known by the Americans as Lima Site (or LS) 36. The term "Lima Site" was derived from the American acronym for map designations of "Landing Sites" within the Secret War zone of the Second Indochina War, which included Laos. Air America was an American passenger and cargo airline covertly owned and operated by the CIA. It supplied and supported United States covert operations in Southeast Asia during the Second Indochina War, including Laos where it inserted and extracted U.S. personnel, provided logistical support to the Royal Lao Army (RLA) and Hmong paramilitaries under command of Army Major General Vang Pao and transported refugees. 1 Records show Air America flew to Na Khang (LS 36) and Long Cheng (LS 20A, the largest and most important CIA operated airbase in Laos) for the for USAID’s Public Works Division as early as 13 June 1965.2 “In late 1965, USAF HH-3E “Jolly Green Giants” had been based at Na Khang (LS-36) for Search and 3 Figure 3: T-28 crashed at Na Khang (LS-36) Rescue duties” , confirming US Air Force operations in the area. 1 Wikipedia: Air America (Airline), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_America_(airline) 2 Air America in Laos I – humanitarian work, Part I, by Dr. Joe F. Leeker 3 idem U.S. records of air incidents in Laos between 1960-19694 list several involving Air America and U.S. Air Force aircrafts, including hits, crashes and mechanical problems, at, near or en-route to or from Na Khang in the period 1965-1969, indicating LS 36 was a regular destination. The Raven Forward Air Controllers, also known as The Ravens, were fighter pilots used in a covert operation in conjunction with the CIA in Laos during the Second Indochina War. The Raven program was officially founded on in May 1966. In November 1964, Roy Dalton was the first rated officer to augment the Butterflies, a predecessor of the Ravens. He Ban Na Kout Villagers recall Vietnamese road was stationed at LS 36 from where he directed construction near Na Khang air strikes by the Royal Laotian Air Force while riding in Air America helicopters, or from Villagers from Ban Na Kout recall that between 1967 to 5 early 1969, North Vietnamese troupes were making a observation posts on mountaintops. In his road approaching from the north. This road crossed the book The Ravens: pilots of the secret war in Houay Siep stream located only 2.5 km from Na Khang. Laos, Christopher Robbins describes a crash at Here the stream flows through jungle and has etched a Na Khang of a USAF U-17 modified to carry steep valley dropping some 140m below the smoke rockets used by the Ravens.6 surrounding land. This winding road was cut into the steep slopes on each side of the stream, turning back “LS-36, Na Khang, one of the major strips north on itself some
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