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I Simposi Internacional D'arqueologia D'el Born

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I Simposi Internacional D'arqueologia D'el Born I SIMPOSI INTERNACIONAL D’ARQUEOLOGIA D’EL BORN CCM Barcelona 1700. Descobrint el jaciment del Born. Arqueologia, tecnologia i patrimoni I SIMPOSI INTERNACIONAL D’ARQUEOLOGIA D’EL BORN CENTRE DE CULTURA I MEMÒRIA «Barcelona 1700. Descobrint el jaciment del Born. Arqueologia, tecnologia i patrimoni» El Born Centre de Cultura i Memòria 27, 28 i 29 de novembre de 2015 CRÈDITS Consell de Redacció Consell d’Edicions i Publicacions de l’Ajuntament I SIMPOSI INTERNACIONAL D’ARQUEOLOGIA Laia Aleixendri Garcia, Carme Miró Alaix, de Barcelona D’EL BORN CENTRE DE CULTURA I MEMÒRIA Anna Molina Castellà, Jordi Ramos Ruiz Gerardo Pisarello Prados, Josep M. Montaner Martorell, Laura Pérez Castallo, Jordi Campillo Organització Coordinació Gámez, Bertran Cazorla Rodríguez, Marc An- El Born Centre de Cultura i Memòria Anna Molina Castellà dreu Acebal, Águeda Bañón Pérez, José Pérez Servei d’Arqueologia de Barcelona Freijo, Pilar Roca Viola, Maria Truñó i Salvadó, Correcció lingüística i traduccions Anna Giralt Brunet Comitè Organitzador Manners Traduccions, SL Laia Aleixendri Garcia, Carme Miró Alaix, © dels textos i les imatges Anna Molina Castellà, Jordi Ramos Ruiz Disseny gràfic i maquetació els autors Joel Lozano Amb el suport dels equips tècnics d’El Born CCM. © d’aquesta edició Impressió l’Ajuntament de Barcelona, 2017 Volem agrair al Dr. Josep Maria Palet, sotsdirector Vanguard Grafic, SA de l’Institut Català d’Arqueologia Clàssica; al Sr. S’han fet totes les gestions possibles per identifi- Jusèp Boya, aleshores director del Museu d’Histò- Edita car els propietaris dels drets d’autor. Qualsevol ria de Catalunya; al Dr. Joaquim Nadal, catedràtic Ajuntament de Barcelona. Institut de Cultura error o omissió accidental s’ha de notificar d’Història Contemporània de la Universitat de El Born Centre de Cultura i Memòria per escrit als editors i es corregirà en edicions Girona i director de l’Institut Català de Recerca en posteriors. Patrimoni Cultural (ICRPC), i al Dr. Joan Villarroya, catedràtic d’Història Contemporània de la Univer- Queda prohibida la reproducció total o parcial de sitat de Barcelona, el seu suport desinteressat i la la publicació sense el permís exprés dels editors, seva magnífica tasca com a presidents de taula en en els termes marcats per la llei. cadascuna de les sessions del Simposi. ISBN 978-84-9156-063-0 DL B 29752-2017 barcelona.cat/barcelonallibres barcelona.cat/barcelonacultura barcelona.cat/elbornculturaimemoria I Simposi Internacional d’Arqueologia d’El Born CCM. 2015 4 / 5 Entre els dies 27 i 29 de novembre de 2015, El Born Centre de Cultura i Memòria, amb la col·laboració del Servei d’Arqueologia de Barcelona, va organitzar el I Simposi Inter- nacional d’Arqueologia del Born CCM amb dos objectius: d’una banda, establir un espai de diàleg, aprenentatge i confluència entre centres patrimonials que disposen de jaciments arqueològics anàlegs al del Born en multitud d’aspectes; de l’altra, van presentar les possibilitats d’interpretació que ofereix el jaciment arqueològic del Born, un dels jaciments museïtzats més grans d’Europa, amb restes que abasten diferents períodes històrics que van des de l’alt Imperi romà fins a l’any 1717 aproximadament, a partir d’una nova aplicació per a tauletes i telèfons mòbils intel·ligents. Dins d’aquest mateix context es van donar a conèixer els diversos projectes de caràcter tecnològic en què havia estat treballant l’Insti- tut de Cultura de Barcelona (ICUB) en els darrers anys i que possibiliten una major difusió del coneixement històric de la ciutat de Barcelona. En la present publicació, hi trobareu recollides les aportacions presentades. I Simposi Internacional d’Arqueologia d’El Born CCM. 2015 6 / 7 10 El jaciment del Born. Toni Fernández 104 L’aplicació Barcelona 1700: Guillem Barceló, Arqueologia del passat, història Espinosa del jaciment al barri de la Ribera Eugènia Bort, del present i projectes de futur Lluís Domingo, Toni Fernández, Reinald González, 26 Les termes romanes de Sérgio Carneiro Carme Miró, Chaves (Portugal), un patrimoni Anna Molina, arqueològic al centre de la ciutat Helena Moran 42 La cripta Balbi de Roma: Enrico Zanini 118 Bàrcino 3D Marc Hernández de l’excavació al museu, i més Güell i Carme enllà Miró Alaix 62 Antic i nou: la investigació Tony Pollard 130 La recuperació de la muralla Marta Fàbregas i la presentació al públic dels medieval i moderna de Espadaler, dos camps de batalla més Barcelona: intervencions Mikel Soberón emblemàtics d’Escòcia arqueològiques i representació Rodríguez i virtual Miquel Gea Bullich 74 Un retrobament amb els orígens Louise Pothier de Mont-real amb motiu del 375è aniversari de la ciutat 146 Barcelona, darrera mirada: F. Xavier un exemple d’utilització de les Tarraubella tecnologies per a la divulgació Mirabet 90 La interpretació del patrimoni Manel Miró Alaix històrica i documental a l’època de les apps 158 Autors participants Índex I Simposi Internacional d’Arqueologia d’El Born CCM. 2015 8 / 9 El jaciment del Toni Fernández Born. Arqueologia Espinosa del passat, història [email protected] del present i projectes de futur Paraules clau: Barcelona, mercat del Born, barri de la Ribera, jaciment arqueològic, arqueologia urbana, Rec Comtal, Guerra de Successió, època medieval, època moderna I Simposi Internacional d’Arqueologia d’El Born CCM. 2015 10 / 11 El jaciment arqueològic és la gènesi d’El Born Centre de Cultura i Memòria. Des de la seva desco- 1. Què és el jaciment del Born berta l’any 2002 i la posterior catalogació com a BCIN l’any 2006, les restes arqueològiques han estat protegides i restaurades, i actualment són El Born és un jaciment urbà, una trama de 8.000 m2 on es conserven les plantes visitades per milers de persones. També han servit baixes i els soterranis d’unes cases que tenen l’origen a finals del seglexiii . S’hi aprecia, com a base per als treballs de recerca historio- gràfica d’Albert Garcia Espuche, on s’ha arribat a doncs, el domini públic amb carrers principals i secundaris o el Rec Comtal, una estructura un grau de detall mai vist, així com a un discurs bàsica per entendre no només el Born, sinó el desenvolupament de la ciutat de Barcelona. molt ric en els diferents aspectes socials de la El domini privat, com hem comentat, correspon a diferents tipologies de cases i establi- Barcelona del 1700. Les restes arqueològiques tenen un gran pes ments comercials i artesanals. Aquesta trama urbana evolucionada al llarg de 400 anys històric i patrimonial, amb un contingut simbòlic d’història va quedar aturada en el temps l’any 1717, arran de la destrucció d’un miler de i de memòria extraordinari. Per tot el món tenim cases per a la construcció d’una ciutadella militar i de l’esplanada, la seva zona de segu- exemples de llocs emblemàtics que tenen una significació simbòlica força important. En el cas retat. Al Born trobem una seixantena d’aquestes cases distribuïdes en tres grans zones del Born, tant pel fet d’haver estat l’escenari de del mateix barri de la Ribera: a ponent, una zona artesanal que necessita l’aigua del Rec la resistència ciutadana durant el setge del 1714 Comtal per desenvolupar les seves tasques i després desprendre’s dels residus; la part com, posteriorment, per haver representat la pèrdua de les llibertats del país. central, amb el Bornet com a peça clau que articula una àrea comercial i d’oci de la ciutat Per les seves característiques, el seu estat de i que connecta un dels accessos a la ciutat des del portal de Sant Daniel amb la plaça del conservació i les seves dimensions, el jaciment del Born i el centre de la ciutat, i finalment, a llevant, l’anomenat barri de pescadors, amb un Born és un dels més importants d’Europa i un cas força excepcional dins del camp de l’arqueologia urbanisme clarament diferenciat a partir d’una bateria de carrers estrets i on majoritària- urbana europea. ment vivia la gent que tenia oficis relacionats amb el mar. Aquestes tres grans zones, amb La seva rellevància, tanmateix, no s’ha traduït el pas dels segles, es van anar barrejant i alguns dels espais dels artesans es van transfor- en un coneixement exhaustiu del jaciment ni dels seus testimonis materials; tampoc en un mar en espais de joc. coneixement del jaciment a escala internacional. En aquest article s’explica què és el jaciment del Born, la seva contextualització històrica, les seves singularitats i els seus projectes de futur, sempre sota la mirada de l’arqueologia. Planta del jaciment del Born. (Foto: Toni Fernández) El jaciment del Born. Arqueologia del passat, història del present i projectes de futur — Toni Fernández Espinosa I Simposi Internacional d’Arqueologia d’El Born CCM. 2015 12 / 13 El Born és un jaciment de contrastos i desproporcions, ja que pel fet de ser una zona situada a la perifèria de la ciutat, hi abunden els tipus extrems, és a dir, cases de més de 500 m2 per planta situades porta per porta amb cases de menys de 50 m2. O carrers com el Bornet, de 15 m d’amplada i totalment pavimentat amb pedra, localitzat a pocs metres dels carrers del barri de pescadors, que no fan més de 2,5 m d’amplada i que presenten una superfície de terra piconada. Des del punt de vista arqueològic, és un jaciment de contrastos, ja que depenent de la zona trobem una estratigrafia conservada de més de 2 metres, amb l’evolució d’una casa o carrer al llarg de 400 anys, o altres estratigrafies de poc més de 0,20 m de potència. Aquestes diferències es deuen al terreny geològic on es va construir el barri.
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