Januc;Try 31, 1968 Tors Continue Inexorably to Move Aga.Inst 50 Minutes Late in Arriving from Washington in the ARMY Them-Except U.S

1718 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE Januc;try 31, 1968 tors continue inexorably to move aga.inst 50 minutes late in arriving from Washington IN THE ARMY them-except U.S. public opinion. (Ironi­ at Kanawha Airport. We had begun to worry Brig. Gen. C. Craig Cannon, U.S. Army, to oally, American protestors are prolonging that something might have happened to the be a member of the Mississippi River Com­ wha..t they claim to be trying to end.) plane. mission, under the provisions of section 2 of If more Americans were, in fact, aware of Then it took Kanawha Airport 20 minutes an act of Congress approv~d 28 J~ne 1879 t he steady but slow progress of the war to get his one light bag off the :flight and to (21 Stat. 37) (33 U.S.C. 642), vice Brig. Gen. fronts in Vietnam, many of them would be the baggage counter. Willard Roper, reassigned. less frustrated. - Less frustration hopt!fully The light snowfall did not bother us at all might lead to gxeater public support and, in until we were within a few miles of the IN THE Am FORCE turn, the shortening of the war.-END Beckley exit, but we had to creep along the The following officers for appointment in city's streets considerably. the Air Force Reserve to the grade indicated, Both Pearson and the writer had to change under the provisions of chapter 35 and sec­ DREW PEARSON SPEAKS TO BECK­ clothes before heading for the fieldhouse. tions 8373 and 8376 title 10 of the United But the delay at Charleston made us a few States Code: LEY CHAMBER OF COMMERCE minutes late in reachtng the banquet and, To be major general Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. regrettably, we both missed the C. & 0. Rail- way's reception before the banquet com- Brig. Gen. Frank J. Puerta, FV401051, Air President, an interesting and revealing pletely. Force Reserve. word picture of one of Washington's However, he did avail himself of the rail- To be brigadier generals best-known columnists, Drew Pearson, way's fac1lit1es by returning to Washington Col. John w. Bitner, FV361602, Air Force appeared in the Beckley, W. Va., Post­ on the train, catching a sleeper at Prince at Reserve. Herald on January 25. 12 :27 a.m. yesterday morning. The train was Col. Charles D. Briggs, Jr., FV797454, Air The article was written by Emile J. only 15 minutes late. Force Reserve. Hodel, editor of the paper, who served as After the banquet and a brief press con- Col. John o. Gray, FV410193, Air Force host for Mr. Pearson when he went to fer-ence at the Armory, adjacent to the field- Reserve. Beckley, the county seat of my home house, when we started back to Maxwell H111 Col. Campbell Y. Jackson, FV431357, Air Road, he asked if, since there were nearly two Force Reserve. county, last week to speak at the annual and a half hours before his train's time, he Col. Justin G. Knowlton, FV664321, Air banquet of the chamber of commerce. might catch a brief nap. He had been up and Force Reserve. As Mr. Hodel points out, Mr. Pearson about h is affairs since 6 a.m. Tuesday, we Col. Homer 1. Lewis, FV400799, Air Force has indeed had considerable influence on learned. Reserve. our Government. He is a highly con­ He h ad his nap on our younger son Alan's Col. Theodore c. Marrs, FV2261128, Air troversi·al writer, and few of us would bed. And now Alan cl-aims it will cost his Force Reserve. agree with him all of the time. But I friends to lie upon it. This would seem to be r Col. Henry J. McAnulty, FV549989, Air think it should be said that in many in­ a junior version of "George Washington slept Force Reserve. here." Col. Wendell B. Sell, FV4067313, Air Force stances his column has had a salutary Though we do not always agree with Pear- Reserve. effect on the Congress and the Federal son, we have grelllt respec-t for his abilities Col. Farmer s. Smith, FV863256, Air Force establishment in general. and his great courage and fortitude. He is Reserve. I ask · unanimous consent that the a most charming man and has, basically, had The following officers for appointment as column from the Beckley Post-Herald be a great and mostly good infiuence on our Reserve commissioned officers in the U.S. Air included in the RECORD. government. Force to the gxade indicated, under the pro- There being no objection, the article He told us that he didn't expect anyone to visions of sections 8218, 8351, 8363, and 8392, agree with him all the time, adding that he title 10 of the United States Code: was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, was too controversial for that. as follows: He still oper-ates two farms, one wholly for To be major general DREW PEARSON HAS CHARM, GENTILITY beef cattle and the other mostly dairy farm- Brig. Gen. John P. Gifford, FG949201, Ten- (By Emile J. Hodel) ing. When we first called his office, probably ness·ee Air National Guard. Tuesday was something of a hectic day for in November, he had just left to get ready To be brigadier generals us. It was quite enjoyable to say the least, for a party honoring his 70th birthday anni- Ool. Nevin w. Dodd, FG3041219, Oklahoma but rather hectic, nevertheless. versary. Air National Guard. We spent most of our day in the company We surely hope we will be as straight and Ool. William R. McCall, Jr., FG756295, Dis- of an exceedingly interested, well-educated, ac,tive and able when we reach that age in trict of Columbia Air National Guard. and knowledgeable man who can handle him­ a few years. From that standpoint, he's just Col. Robert McMath, FG825933, Michigan self as well as anyone we know. -We are am azing. And, for our money, his speech was Air National Guard. one of the best and most interesting we've speaking of Drew Pearson, of course. heard-more S·O than the first of his we heard Col. George M. McWilliams, F_G2067864, Our involvement began some time ago at Morgantown back in 1942 or 1943 ! Mississippi Air National Guard. when Blaine Wright and Bob Hamilton Top of the morning! Col. Leon A. Moore, Jr., FG823665, Florida asked us if we might help them get a really Air National Guard. good speaker for the annual chamber ban­ Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Presi- Ool. Richard B. Posey, FG430845, Pennsyl- quet. We went to work on it and got a couple dent, I suggest the absence of a quorum. vania Air National Guard. of people lined u p as potential speakers. The The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk Col. John J. Stefanik, FG430864, Massa- chamber board members decided to take up will call the roll. chusetts Air National Guard. Pearson on his kind offer. Then, we were named to host the famous The assistant legislative clerk pro- Col. Kenneth M. Taylor, FG409061, Ala.ska columnist. ceeded to call the roll. Air National Guard. Among other things we learned that he Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Presi- Col. Charles s. Thompson,· Jr., FG429541 , normally prefers milk for d-rinking. One 011' dent, I ask unanimous consent that the Georgia Air National Guard. his assistants told us, "When pressed, he will order for the quorum call be rescinded. IN THE NAVY occasionally have one martini. But he really The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without The following-named naval reserve officers prefers milk." And milk was what he was objection, it is so ordered. for temporary promotion to the grade of offered-and had-at our house. rear admiral in the line and staff corps as He does not smoke and his language is indicated, subject to qualification therefor as provided by law: never vulgar nor lacking in gentlemanly re­ ADJOURNMENT spectability. He has a beautiful vocabulary LINE and uses it well. He may even lead you up to Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Presi­ Lee E. Bains a vulgarity or a curse word in quoting a - dent, if there be no further business to president or senator, but he lets you know Gayle T. Martin what it was without repeating someone else's come before the Senate, I move that the MEDICAL CORPS Senate stand in adjournment until 12 bad language. Allan D. Callow o'clock meridian, tomorrow. This undoubtedly comes from both his SUPPLY CORPS good education and his Quaker religious The motion was agreed to; and (at · background. 5 o'clock and 5 minutes p.m.) the Senate Frank E. Raab, Jr. When he learned that the writer was a adjourned until tomorrow, Thursday, CIVIL ENGINEER CORPS Unitarian and that we have a small fellow­ February 1, 1968, at 12 o'cl9ek meridian. George Reider ship here in Beckley, he expressed pleasure and indicated that we were pretty closely re­ IN THE MARINE CORPS lated in religion--cousins or brothers, or NOMINATIONS The following-named officer of the Marine something. Corps Reserve for temporary appointment to The part that made the day hectic for us -Executive nominations received. by the the grade of brigadier general: was that the famous columnist's plane was Senate January 31, 1968·: Harold L. Oppenheimer January ·31,- 19-68 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1719 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

travois 1s !rom an automobile. Government and Bureau of Indian Affairs there 1s no Successful Community Action in officials describe these houses as "substand­ danger of these being flooded. . Minnesota ard housing." In at least one house the chil­ When the Indians take possession of their dren were sleeping on the bare ground last new homes this fall, they have llfetime oc­ . year at this time. The wind whistled through cupancy. HON. WALTER F. MONDALE cracks in the walls and the roof leaked. Conditions were so bad and the future so HEAD START PROGRAM IN AREA SHOWS IN OF MINNESOTA bleak !or these Indian !am111es that an CHILDREN'S ATTITUDE IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES emergency program was started last fall after (By Harold Severson) the Goodhue-Rice-Wabasha Citizens· Action Wednesday, January 31, 1968 ZUMBROTA.-Mary Was a shy little 4-year­ Council had made a survey. Spearheaded by old girl this spring. Mr. MONDALE. Mr. President, one of Howard Bailey, manager of the Zumbrota That was before summer 1967 Head Start our great hopes for the poverty program office of the Northern States Power Co., a Program started here June 12 under the is that it will stimulate successful citi­ fund-raising drive was started. Money and auspices of the Goodhue-Rice-Wabasha Citi­ zen action to meet the needs of the poor. building materials were solicited. zens Action Council. In my home State of Minnesota we have On December 10, Bailey and about 60 vol­ Today, 10 weeks later, Mary st111 is shy­ unteers, including high school and college but there has been a noticeable improve­ dramatic evidence of the way in which students, descended on Prairie Island to re­ poor people can cooperate make use ment in the way she .meets strangers and to hab111tate the homes. It was a bitterly cold mingles with children her own age. of the services of several Government day with a sharp wind making it difficult to Mark, another pupil enrolled in a Head agencies in this effort. work. Nevertheless, 12 homes were put in Start class in Wabasha County, was rejected A series of articles in the Rochester, livable condition by the end of the day. by boys in his neighborhood. His family was Minn., Post-Bulletin recently described "This didn't solve the problem," Bailey one of those near the bottom in social and admitted, "but it was a stop-gap effort that economic standings. Today he has several the successful housing and education ef­ relieved the situation at least temporarily. forts of the Tri-Gounty Goodhue-Rice­ playmates. At least, those kids no longer were sleeping Billy was an indolent boy who sat by him­ Wabasha Citizen's Action Council. on the bare ground." self when the first Head Start class opened. Mr. President, residents of the Prairie This experience emphasized the need for His mother scolded him for being "lazy and Island Sioux Indian settlement faced a housing project. Spurred by the citizens group people, a unified effort was brought dumb." A medical examination by a local the coming of winter with children liter­ to bear on the problem. The Bureau of In­ doctor revealed the reason for Billy's appar­ ally sleeping on the bare ground. The dian Affairs said it would supply materials ent stupidity and indolence--he needed eye­ action council mounted its effort to use needed for the homes. The Public Health glasses and his hearing was so poor he had . the services of the Bureau of Indian Af­ Service agreed to handle the water supplles difficulty hearing others. fairs, the Public Health Service, and the and sanitation needs. The Office of Economic These were only three of the 380 chil­ Opportunity (OEO) was to furnish funds dren enrolled in Head Start programs in O:fli.ce of Economic Opportunity, initial­ Goodhue, Wabasha and Rice counties this ly, and later the Department of Labor. for labor costs. After a number of meetings the project summer. Not all were as handicapped as Thls effort included rehabilitation of a was taken over by the U.S. Department of Mary, Billy and Mark, but, as one mother dozen homes last winter and the con­ Labor, Bureau of Work Programs as an put it, "They all benefited from the Head struction of 10 new and modern houses "Operation Mainstream" project. ' Start program." which have now been completed. Actual construction started July 1. Summer 1967 Head Start opened June 12 Again, using the principle of commu­ Wallace G. Christensen of Zumbrota, citi­ with funds furnished by the Office of Eco­ zens action unit director, points out several nomic Opportunity. A competent teacher was nity involvement, the educational needs selected and placed in charge of each group of 380 children were met in the same tri­ Indians llving on Prairie Island are employed on the project. In addition, a Neighborhood of 15 to 20 children. county area. Under an Office of Eco­ Head Start centers were established in Youth Corps progra~ employs several In­ nomic Opportunity grant, 11 Headstart dian youngsters. These youth corps enrollees Zumbrota in Goodhue County, and Concep­ child development centers were estab­ were put to work clearing brush and repair­ tion, Hammond, Mazeppa, Millville and Wa­ lished. Competent professional teachers, ing and painting the Community Building. basha in Wabasha County. In addition, cen­ aided by community residents serving as Paul Hummell, a Bureau af Indian A1rairs ters were started in Faribault, Lonsdale, Mor­ employe who is in charge of the building ristown, Northfield and Warsaw in Rice _professional assistants, worked with chil­ County. Plans had been made to include dren who never before had had the op­ program, admits some of the Indians are not entirely sold on the housing project. Kenyon as one of the Head Start centers but portunity for intellectual growth and "They are a proud and independent peo­ plans were not completed in time for the physical development offered by the ple," he says. "They bitterly resent some of 1967 program. summer programs. the newspaper publicity in recent weeks "These child development centers are set Mr. President, this :fine effort deserves which have emphasized their poverty. They up as a community facility," explains Wal­ the attention of the Members of this dislike being portrayed as shiftless and in­ lace G. Christensen of Zumbrota, Citizens body. I ask unanimous consent to include dolent and some are afraid that moving into Action Council director with offices in the these homes will be a form of regimenta­ basement of the Carnegie Library here. 1n the RECORD this series of articles by The major emphasis is placed on pre­ Harold Severson, town and country edi­ tion." Christensen blames the Indians' predica­ kindergarten children, although the age tor of the Rochester Post-Bulletin. ment on lack of education and job training. group is from 3 to 6 years. A large percent­ There being no objection, the articles age of the pupils are from families in the low "These Indians lack food and other neces­ income bracket. were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, sities simply because they are so very poor" The Head Start centers are organized as follows: he declares. "The majority never get furth~r around the classrooms and outdoor play [From the Post-Bulletin, Rochester, Minn., than the eighth grade. Some find jobs in area. They provide health services, parent Aug. 23, 1967] Red Wing and Hastings. A few are employed interviews and counseling, feeding of chil­ in the Twin Cities, returning week-ends to dren and other services ·important to the REPAm PRAmiE IsLAND HOMEs--CITIZENS their homes on Prairie Island. The re­ ACTION UNIT HELPS INDIANS educational and social development of mainder find jobs now and then." children. (By Harold Severson) The Citizens Action Council is attempting Christensen stresses that the eight-week RED WING.-Let it blow this winter. Let to find a project which will furnish work Head Start program is designed to improve for many of the Indians. One proposal calls the temperatures plummet far below the an_~ expand the children's mental processes. zero mark. What matters it should bitter for making drums on a large scale. Another We want to expand the ab111ty to think, cold freeze the ground to a depth of several is making beadwork. reason and speak clearly," he explains. "We feet and howling blizzards pile the snow into About 85 Indians and migrants make their assist children to get wider and more varied drifts to a height of five feet or more? home on Prairie Island, which is about two experiences which will broaden their hori­ Certainly not to 10 Indian families on the miles square. There are only a few trees and zons, increase their ease of conversation and Prairie Island Sioux ·settlement about 13 homes on the island, connected to the main­ improve their understanding of the world in miles northeast of here. land by a gravel road. In the spring of 1965 which they live." This will be the winter when these 10 the Mississippi River went over its bank~ In Zumbrota, 20 children attended Head fa.miUes will be living in the kind of homes and flooded the island, causing heavy Start classes. Conception had 30 children en­ most of us take for granted. damage. rolled, Hammond 20, Mazeppa 16, M111v1lle Nearing completion are 10 houses about The 10 new homes are being built on the 25 and Wabasha 30. as far different from some of the Indian highest part of the island and engineers John Quls·t of Red Wing was codirector homes now occupied by these families as a have assured the Citizens Action Council for the center while Milton Hosking, also 1720 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Ja.!'-_uary 31, 1968 of Red Wing, was social director. The nurses An East Tennessean is akin to an ant, a had completely evaporated but of late were Mrs. Luc1lle Hoffman of Red Wing and doodle bug, a tumble bug, a squirrel, a goat publicity has not presented an alto­ Miss Bernice Weigel of Plainview. and a jacka~:~S. Like an ant he i"s industrious; What did the Head Start pupils do during like a doodle bug he is alert; like a tumble gether flattering image of the Nation's the three- to four-hour periods each day? bug he is resourceful; like a squirrel he stores young men and ·women. Only hippies; Mrs. Janice Sprenger of Zumbro Falls, a away for a rainy day; like a goat he is· frugal protestors, draft evaders·, card burners, Zumbrota first grade teacher who had charge and like a jackass he is imbued with sagacity and the like, seem to merit coverage. It of the Zumbrota Head Start center, explains and internal stamina. gives me great pleasure to assure those the programs varied from one center to An East Tennessean never dies; he merely who have been concerned that, happily, another. changes form as does the June Bug, the but­ there are many, many more students who "Story reading was one part of our pro­ terfly and the lightning bug. gram here," she says. "There were periods of He believes in luck, fate, the stork, Santa are not only not covered by those cate­ independent play, periods for music and for Claus and the Constitution. gories, but are, at this early age, out­ physical education. Field trips were set up, When his neighbor is in need he is as standing citizens contributing to the too." . charitable as a pigeon to her young. growth of their communities and coun­ Christensen admits the challenge to Head He is the only person in the world who can try. It would seem, rather, that the high Start personnel is enormous. consistently outsmart a Jew. school leaders who visited Washington "It seems to be working, though," he says. He is Scotch-Irish or Irish-Scotch, depend­ and the Senate last week, under the "We've had reports that bear this out. That's ing on the signs of the Zodiac in which he the important thing." was born. If his birth falls in the light of the combined auspices of the William Ran­ Operation Head Start was made possible moon he is Scotch-Irish and will skin a fiea dolph Hearst Foundation and the U.S. by.a government grant of $71,822. for its hide and tallow. But if he is born in Senate, are highly representative of ­ the dark of the moon he is Irish-Scotch and young America everywhere. I, for one, will call a Royal Flush with three Jacks or am proud to represent them here and Creed of the East Tennessean give his last dollar to get a friend out of jail. anticipate the time when such young His heart is usually as big as a pumpkin; people begin to take their places in the likewise all his external features are enor­ governing bodies of this country along HON. W. E. (BILL) BROCK mous-feet, ears, nose, etc. with us. OF TENNESSEE He likes his religion and his likker straight and expects his politics to be crooked. While in the city as our guests, the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES He will sit all night and listen while his students were privileged to have an in­ Wednesday, January 31, 1968 neighbor squeezes the juice from corn, and terview with the President of the United when the "revenuers" prowl around he will Mr. BROCK. Mr. Speaker, the Decem­ States and, on an only slightly lesser advise that a very large hornets nest is in the plane, met with digni-taries of all facets ber 6 issue of the Monroe County Citizen­ offing-nothing disturbs his equilibrium or Democrat contained two very meaningful his philosophy. of Government including Vice President passages in a column by Dan Hicks, Jr. As a trader he is a monstrosity. On county HUBERT HUMPHREY, Secretary of State Because of their merit and interest, I court day he starts out with one old puny Dean Rusk, Speaker of the House JoHN include them in the Extensions of Re­ mule and a barlow knife. That evening he McCoRMACK, Attorney General Ramsey marks: returns with two spans of four-year olds, Clark, Supreme Court Justice Byron a 23 jewel watch, a silk dress and what is left White, Army Chief of Stat! Gen. Harold CREED OF THE EAST TENNESSEAN of a quart. Johnson., State Department Chief of I do not choose to be a common man. It He can cure hams that will make your is my right to be uncommon ... if I can. I mouth water and raise bigger potatoes than Protocol James Symington, and FBI Di­ seek opportunity-not security. I do not wish Maine or Idaho. rector J. Edgar Hoover. to be a kept citizen, humbled and dulled by He is a stickler for his lodge and forever As a direct result of the success of having the State look after me. remains a loyal member. programs of preceding years, the Hearst I want to take the calculated risk; to dream Reformers with hifalutin' ideas, whether Foundation this year decided to award and to build, to fail and to succeed; I refuse local or national in design, usually find deaf to each participating student a scholar­ to barter incentive for a dole. ears and their machinations pass over the ship to the college of his choice in the I prefer the challenges of life to the guar­ East Tennessean like water off a duck's back. anteed existence; the thrill of fulfillment to He has his choice of coal, back logs and sum of $1,000. The surprise announce­ the stale calm of Utopia. kilowatts, but love of heritage finds him ment was made by Vice President HuM­ I will not trade freedom for beneficence, happiest around the old open fire place. PHREY at the annual luncheon hosted by nor my dignity for a handout. I will never He knows his tobacco. He is an expert in the students for Members of the Senate. cower before any master nor bend to any growing the leaf and using it. He can spit Special thanks must go to members threat. through a knot-hole ten yards away and is of the Hearst family, who take time from It is my heritage to stand erect, proud and willing to let the rest of the world smoke busy lives to travel to Washington dur­ unafraid; to think and act for myself, enjoy cigarettes of his own growing. the benefit of my creations, to face the world His women folks have eyes that are like the ing the annual student visit to fill the boldly and say; "This I have done." violets drenched with honey dew. roles of chaperon, friend, confidant, of­ All this is what it means to be an Amer­ He does not aspire to fame or glory, but flee aide, or in whatever other role they Ican. every East Tennessean feels that he possesses are needed. Present this year were Mr. the makings of an Andrew Jackson, a John and Mrs. George R. Hearst, who have ODE TO THE EAST TENNESSEAN Sevier, a William Blount, a General White, an never missed a program since its incep­ In characteristics, individuality, habits, Andrew Johnson, an Admiral Farragut, a tion; Mr. and Mrs. Randolph A. Hearst, customs and general demeanor the East Ten­ David Crockett or a Sam Houston. . nessean is as unique and distinctive as the The East Tennessean is contented with his and their daughters, Catherine and Great Smoky Mountains that tower heaven­ habitat--he knows there is no greener pas­ Virginia. ward and adorn his famed province. ture over yonder. Mr. Ira P. Walsh, of the Hearst Foun­ Whencesoever he came none is quite sure. dation, director of the program which That his antecedents sojourned in Virginia was entirely his idea, occupies a unique or the lineage of another generation or so slot in the framework of this combined before leaps across the Atlantic to the emer­ Sixth Annual Senate Youth Program effort too, slaving tirelessly in his aim to ald shores of Ireland and up the Highlands to Scotland, but to plaoe your finger on guide America's young people to her ulti­ the exact spot of his origin would be as dif­ HON. GALE W. McGEE mate benefit. Others contributing of time and energies include Lt. Col. Robert E. ficult as explaining why an old hen crosses OF WYOMING the road. Keener, of the OSD-PA, who supervised Anyhow when he got to East Tennessee IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES the assignment and functions of the es­ he took full and complete charge--and thus Wednesday, January 31 , 1968 cort o:tlicers of the various services, it will ever be. planned the briefing at the Department He made the red man bite the gravels; he Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, Senators made the British climb tall trees at Kings who addressed 102 young students last of Defense, and arranged for participa­ Mountain; he volunteered above quota for week, participants in the sixth annual tion of the musical groups of the military the war with Mexico; he made General Senate youth program, probably share services; Mr. Stephen King, brietlngs Pakenham's men apologize at New Orleans; with my cochairman, the distinguished officer of the State Department, who he held Old Glory for the Union and he was Senator from Oregon [Mr. HATFIELD], scheduled the program at the Depart­ headed straight for Berlin when Kaiser Bill ment of State; representatives of other beat it for the bushes in Holland. and me a most welcome feeling of re­ He wouldn't take a million dollars for what freshment and renewal of fait:h in agencies and branches of Government religion he has and wouldn't give a damn American youth. who . kindly aided us with the agenda, for any more. I do not mean to imply that our faith and the junior officers of the armed serv- EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1721

. •. • -: ... r I r ~ r ::1 r, ,, ~. ·..;::: •. . . Krls McCormack, 639 Kirkley Dr., Jackson; ices, . m~le ~nd te:male, assigned . by the GE.ORGIA . Department , of_ Def.ense to oversee the James Dabney Miller, 2307 West Lyle Rd., St. Joseph's High School, Rev. Edward Tarsi. we!f.are o(.the v1sitO.rs. .. - . College Park; College Park High School, Wil­ MISSOURI ··As ,COchairmen for 1968, Senator HAT­ liam L . Lundy. Michael Kerry Lazaroff, 17 Voug·a Lane, Stephen Wise Goodman, Box 5097, Colum­ FIELD and I found it to be a most reward­ St. Louis; Horton-Watkins, Richard Stauffer. ing experience. We look forward with bus; Columbus High School, Cyrus L. Gibbs. Margo Kathleen Rogers, 11110 Herrick Ave., antfcipatiofi to subsequent programs and HAW An Kansas City; Ruskin High School, Blaine Lora Gay Chi:p.g, P .O. Box 895, Lihue; Kauai Steck. commend the William Randolph Hearst MONTANA FoUndation for its generosity in making High, Isamu Miyoshl. Jon T. Kodama, 163·5 Alewa Drive, Hono­ Susan Milesnlck, Route One, Belgrade; such an experience possible for deserv­ lulu; Farrington High School, Thomas Taka­ Belgrade High School, Vernon Richardson. ing students from all portions of this mune. Dennis DeLoss Curran, Box 1064, Missoula; sprawling country. IDAHO Sentinel High School, Joe Roberts. I ask unanimous consent that the lists Nick Miller, 2201 Washington Ave., Cald­ NEBRASKA of students who participated, and their well; Caldwell Senior High School, Cless Georgia Entrekin, 1410 Ave. "J", Scotts­ escort officers, be printed in the Exten- Olney. bluff; Scottsbluff High School. R. Mihane. sions of RemarkS. · Craig W. Hulvey, 4944 Mohawk, Pocatello; Pocatello High School, Dale Hammond. Gary Chesnin, 2645 C Street, Lincoln; There being no objection, the lists Lincoln High School, William Bogar. in ILLINOIS were ordered to be printed the RECORD, NEVADA as follows: James H. Longley, 535 Thatcher, River Forest; Oak Park and ·River Forest, Dr. J. Francis Kelly Cawley, 3100 E. St. Louis Ave., WILLIAM RANDOLPH HEARST FOUNDATION-U.S. Las Vegas; Valley High School, D. L. Bundren. . SENATE YOUTH PROGRAM, 1968 Floyd Hall. Chino DeSherlla, 301 Baxter Ave., Jersey­ Vicki Hafen, P. 0. Box 236, Pahrump; (NOTE.-List is compo~ed of student's name ville; Jersey Com,munity, Paul c.arey. Death Valley, Claude Ellison. and address, city, and school and principal.) NEW HAMPSHIRE ALABAMA INDIANA Barbara Grant, Main Street, Norwich; Bruce Whitaker Brown, 710 Evergreen Dr., Melvin Tracht, Box 813, Ogdendunes; Por­ tage High School, Bryan Shaddlck. Hanover Jr.-Sr. High School, Elson S. Her­ Jacksonv1lle; Jacksonville High School, John Hammond, Mill.town; Marengo High rick. Ralph Parnell. School, Ralph Hanger. John Paul McGee, Jr., 1113 Maplewood Thomas Neil McMeans, P.O. Box 84, Lex­ IOWA Ave., Portsmouth; St. Thomas Aquinas, Sister ington; Lexington High School, 0. W. White. Dosithea. 'ALASKA James Anthony Whitson, 1695 McGowan NEW JERSEY Blvd., Marlon; Regis High School, Rev. Ernest Loren Leman, Ninilchik; Ninilchik High Engler. Richard Harris, 204 Seymour Ave., Pt. School, Thomas E. Chapman. Larry D . Hunter, Mount Ayr; Mount Ayr Pleasant Beach; Pt. Pleasant Beach High Thomas Anderson, 1436 16th St., Anchor­ Community, Vance Geiger. School, George Thawley. age; West High School, Stowell Johnstone. · Loretta Pesciotta, 323 Adam St., Hoboken; KANSAS ARIZONA Academy of Sacred Heart, Sister M . Richard. Jan Garton, 603 W. 6th St., Chapman; NEW MEXICO Jim Spurlock, 1046 East Highland, Phoenix; Chapman High School, Dale Relihan. Central High School, Frank Anderson. Joe Lee Gould, Box 729, Syracuse; Syracuse David W. Melton, 1738 Van Ct., Alamo­ Don Shirley, 1110 West 7th St.• Mesa; West­ High School, Paul Temaat. gordo; Alamogordo High, Marion Hughes. wood High School, Ell.as Brimhall. KENTUCKY Janet C. Klecan, 4421 Avenida Manana, ARKANSAS Albuquerque; St. Vincent Academy, Sister Ph111p Kim Sinlth, 1506 Henry St., Murray; Brian Douglas Fry, 1508 Wedlngton Dr., Mary Jane. Murray University School, Vernon E. Shown. NEW YORK Fayettevllle; Fayettevme High School, Nancy Judith Wilson, Annv1lle; Jackson William Duncan. County High School, David B. Gover. Dale Denno, Helena Road, Bombay; Sal- Jackie Harris, 725 Kimball, Little Rock; mon River Central, Jesse Sherwood. LOUISIANA Horace Mann High School, E. L. Hawkins. Ellen Marie Lazarus, 135 Yoakum Ave., Susan Marilyn Miller, 553 Gelpi Ave., New CALIFORNIA Farmingdale; Farmingdale Senior, John Orleans; Academy of Holy Angels, Sister M. McLennan. Robert E. De Groff, 403 Ashdale, West Monlca. NORTH CAROLINA Covina; West Covina High School, Maurice Carla Sue Boudreaux, 803-7th St., Rayne; Wooden. Rayne High School, Vincent Chappuix. W a lly Kernodle, 518 Perkview Dr., Burling­ ton; Walter Wllllams High, J. W. Harrington·. Lorna R. Kohler, 18730 Highway 128, ca.Us­ MAINE tog.a; Calistoga Union High School, William Scottie Wilson, 4700 N. Sharon Amity Rd., Jameson. · . Nicki R. Hunting, 49-15th Ave., Madawaska; Charlotte; Independence High, Sam Hay­ Madawaska, Bro. L. Dumontler. COLORADO wood. Charles E. Hayward, Highland Rd., Bridg­ NORTH DAKOTA Barbara Rothgeb, 4601 W. 30th Ave., Den­ ton; Bridgton High School, Fred M. Crouse. ver; North High School, Ted R. Long. Richard F. Paris, 20Q-2nd St., N.W., MARYLAND Dennis M. Rencher, 900 Harrison Ave., Mandan; Mandan High School, A. R. Shaw. Canon City; Canon City High School, John Stephen E. Leach, 12312 Bluhm Rd., Wheat­ Allan Reese Hawkins, 940-2nd Ave., N.W., W. Griffin. on; Wheaton High School, Charles McCor­ Jamestown; Jamestown High School, V. F. Inlck. CONNECTICUT Buchholtz. Richard E. Kravitz, 5604 Greenspring Ave., Reginald F. Pierce, 101 Maher Ave., Green­ OHIO Baltimore; The Park School, Charles Cal­ wich; Brunswick School, Alfred E. Everett. lanan. Mike Morris, 2855 S. Burnette Rd., Spring­ Wendy Ector, 218 Rockwell Ave., Bloom­ MASSACHUSETTS field; Shawnee High School, E. Ruine. field; Bloomfield High School, Wayne s. Paul B. Howes, Main St., Goshen; Wllllams­ Robert 0. Mathews, 3969 Grossle Lane, Porter. burg High School, Paul R. Knight. Columbus; Columbus Academy, W. S. Put- DELAWARE Walter J. Kelly, 115 Church St., W. Rox­ nam. Bonnie Halliday, 6 Rigdon Rd., Wilming­ bury; Catholic Memorial, Bro. D. Mcnmurray. OKLAHOMA ton; Corpus Christl High School, Rev. Ed­ Gary Ford, 317 North 35th, Lawton; Eisen­ ward Storck. MICHIGAN hower High School, Gltmn Dosser. Gerald Lee Bunting, Laurel Highway, Mllls­ Jeffrey R. Jones," 1313 Chestnut, Port boro; Millsboro Central, Greg Baraghlmlan. Huron; Port Huron High School, Gaylord Pam Stone, 819 W. Adams, Purcell; Purcell Feick. High School, J. W. Duncan. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Craig Black, 1814 Gerda St., S.E., Grand OREGON Frederick A. Lucas, 1345 Talbert Terr., S .E., Rapids; Kentwood High School, Jack De­ Washington; Ballau Senior High, Joseph P. Waard. Malja Annala, Route 3, Box 685, Hood Carlo. MINNESOTA River; Wy East High School, Charles Bowe. Jacqueline Worthy, 171 S St., N.W., Wash­ Douglas George Larsen, 109 Parkland Ave., Douglas Vaugh Bristow, 6031 N. E. Davis St., Portland; Washington High School, Wil­ ington; Dunbar Senior High, Dr. Howard Duluth; Centra~ High School, E. J. Duffy. Bolden. Marl Kristine Haddox, 6637 Xerxes South, Ham Gray. FLORIDA Minneapolis; Academy of Holy Angels, Sister PENNSYLVANIA Evette Alfred Raines, Route 1 Box 226 Ada Marie. Ernest Charles Downs, 1 Woodcrest Lane, Madison'; Suwannee River High, s: J. Cooper: MISSISSIPPI Malvern; Great Valley, Charles H. Hable. ' Bruce Murray, 5210 S.W. 88th Court, Miami; Steve Leech, 2010 Wisteria Dr., Jackson; Michael J. Stewart, Box 348, Manor; Ramp­ Southwest High School, E. Hugh Allsworth. Wingfield High School, D. T. Measells. field Area High School, Paul R. Bingaman. 1722 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 31, 1968

RHODE ISLAND phone: 981-9111. ext. 2122/6349 (Code 185, bridge, Virginia 221~91; phone, 494-6(}54; office Linda Serabin, 10 Jackson St., No. Provi­ ext.2122/6349). address: TAL, MCS Quantico, Virginia 22134; phone, 2-0198. ··' · · dence; No. Prov. High School, Thomas F. ESCORT OFFICERS Firsft Lieutenant Ruth D. Walsh, USMC; McGovern. U.S. Army home address: Ltv.etsedge Hall BOQ, Room Barry Mills, 130 Algonquin Dr., Warwick; Second Lieutenant David Bliss Allen, USA; Pilgrim High School, Michael Morry. 207B, MCS Quantico, Virginia 22134; phone, home address: Apartment 47, Skyline Towers, 2-4102; office address: Headquarters Com­ SOUTH CAROLINA 2730 Wisconsin Avenue, NW., Washington, pany, WOS, MCS Quantico, Virginia 22134; Tommy T aylor, 103 Court Ave., Florence; D.C. 20007; phone, 338-2265; office address: phone, 2-9152. . McClenaghan High School, J. Carlisle Lever. Information Office, Headquarters, Mllitary Second Lieutenant William L . Culver, Rick Van De Water, 1346 Idalia Rd., Co­ District of Washington, Room 2906, Tempo USMC; home address: O'Bannon Hall BOQ, lumbia; A. C. Flora High School, C. B. "B", 2d and R Street, SW., Washington, D.C. F-117, MCS Quantico, Virginia 22134; phone, Harvey. 20315; phone, OX 7-9514. 64216; office address: B Company, Basic Class SOUTH DAKOTA First Lieutenant Gerard A. Miller, USA; 2-68, TBS, MCS Quantico, Virginia 22134; Candace Stenberg, Rural Route, Dell Rap­ home address: 2922 28th Street, N .W ., Wash­ phone, 64710. ids; Dell Rapkls High Sohool, Ronald Coats. ington, D.C. 20008; phone, 332-7287; office Second Lieutenant Don G. Gamble, USMC; Vance Robert Goldammer, 620 N. Edmunds address: Company D, 1st Battalion (Rein!), home address: O'Bannon Hall BOQ, Room St., Mitchell; Mitchell Senior High School, 3d Infantry (The Old Guard), Ft. Myer, Vir­ F-124, MCS Quantico, Virginia 22134; phone, Bruce E. Crockett. ginia 22211; phone, 525-2700, extension 64216; office address: B Company, Basic Class 64263. 2-68, TBS, MCS Quantico, Virginia 22134; TENNESSEE Second Lieutenant John R. Lundquist, Jr., phone, 64710. John C. Dotson, 914 W. Sullivan St., Kings­ USA; home address: 2922 28th Street, N.W., Second Lieutenant John W. Haynes, USMC; port; Dobyns-Bennett HJgh School, William Washington, D.C. 20008; phone, 332-7287; of­ home address: O 'Bannon Hall BOQ, Room L.Neal. fice address: Company E, 1st Battalion F-116, MCS Quantico, Virginia 22134; phone, Barry White, 434 Avon Rd., Memphis; (Reinf), 3d Infantry (The Old Guard), Fort 64216.: office address: B Company, Basic Class White Station High School, Rush W. Siler. Myer, Virginia 22211; phone, 525-2700, exten­ 2-68, TBS, MCS Quantico, Virginia 22134; TEXAS sion 67193. phone, 64710. First Lieutenant J ·ames P. McCoy, USA; Second Lieutenant Michael B . Maguire, Bridget O'Brien, Route 2, Beeville; A. C. home address; 2922 28th Street, N.W., Wash­ Jones High School, Lester W. McCoy. USMC; home address: O'Bannon Hall BOQ, ington, D.C. 20008; phone, 332-7287; office Room F-114, MCS Quantico, Virginia 22134.; Charles Taylor, 1511 North 5th St., Waco; address: Company C, 1st Battalion (Reinf), Moore High School, J. J. Wilson. phone, 64216; office address: B Company, 3d Infantry (The Old Guard), Fort Myer, Basic Class 2-68, TBS, MCS Quantico, Vir­ UTAH Virginia 22211; phone, 525-2700, extension ginia 22134; phone, 64710. 63185. James Robert Howard, 318 E. Gregson Ave., U.S. Navy Salt Lake City; Granite High School, Leland Lieutenant Edith H. Baldwin, USA; home R. Bird. address: VOQ 8133, Apt. 9, Fort Lee, Virginia Lieutenant (jg) Edward J. Bride, USN; David Magleby, 1218 South 5th East, Salt 23801; phone, 734-4767; office address: AG home address: 700 7th Street, S .W., Apt. 224, Lake City; South High School, Ralph V. Test Control Office, Headquarters, U .S. Army Washington, D.C. 20024; phone, 554-4518; Backman. Quartermaster Center, Fort Lee, Virginia office · address: Public Affairs Officer, U.S. Na­ VERMONT 23801; phone: (Autovon) 555-1850, extension val Station, Washington, D.C. 20390; phone, 2393. OX 3-2064 or OX 3-2011. Mark Heim, 220 Loomis St., Burlington; Lieutenant (jg) Lou Garcia, USN; home Burlington High School, Glenn Fay. Lieutenant Florance K. Telfair, USA; home address: VOQ 4721, Fort George G. Meade, address: 3322 Curtis Drive, Apt. 201, Hill­ Jeanne Christensen, 25 Orange St., Barre; crest Heights, Maryland 20020; phone, 423- Spaulding High School, Anatole G . Pendo. Maryland 20755; phone: 577-6688; office ad­ dress: Executive Office, USWAC Detachment, 3127; office address: Public Affairs Officer, VIRGINIA Fort George G. Meade, Maryland 20755; Naval District Washington, Washington, D.C. Randolph M. Crowther, Kilmarnock; Lan­ phone, 150-6688 (Autovon 231-1470, exten­ 20390; phone. OX 3-2678 or OX 3-2354. caster High School, E. E. Trent. sion 3254). Lieutenant (jg) Ray N . Mahan, USN; home Charles Clark Cooper, 6219 Dustin Dr., U.S. Air Force address: 4600 South Four Mile Run, Apt.104, Arlington, Virginia 22204; phone, 671-0108; Richmond; Douglas Freeman, W. Howard First Lieutenant Audrey J. Eccles, USAF; office address: Assistant Supply Officer, Naval Mears. home address: 1208 Palmer Road, Oxon Hill, WASHINGTON Maryland 20031; phone, 248-3443;. office ad­ District Washington, Washington, D.C. 20390; phone, OX 3-2435. Karen Mayberry, 16740 Meridian Ave., N., dress: Commander, WAF Squadron,. Bolllng Air Force Base, D.C. 20332; phone: 562-9000, Lieutenant (jg) Walter S. Page, USN; home Seattle; Shoreline High School, George Salt­ address: 1421 South 28th Street, Arlington, extension 4207 (Code 141, extension 4207). man. Virginia 22206; phone, 684-4669; office ad­ First Lieutenant William T. Wia.nrt, USAF; David Lee Scarup, Route 1, Box 67, Othello; dress: NAVCOSSACT, Bldg 196, Washington home address: 5521 Oxon Hill Road, Ap.t. 303, Othello High School, Harley Hanan. Navy Yard, Washington, D .C. 20390; phone, Oxon mn, Maryland 20031; phone, 248-6545; WEST VIRGINIA OX 3-4336 or OX 3-4368. office address: Malcolm Grow USAF Hospital Ensign Barbara Grimaldi, USN; home ad­ Joseph M. Sands, Lost Creek; South Harri­ (MSB), Andrews Air Force Base, Maryland son High Scl}ool, James W. Jay. dress: 153 Westway Road, Apt. 201, Green­ 20331; phone, 981-9111, ext. 8201 (Code 185, belt, Maryland 20770; phone, 474-7026; office Charles Michael Skeens, 161'7 Maple St., extension 8201). Kenova; Ceredo-Kenova High School, Ed­ address: Office of Information, Navy Depart­ Second Lieutenant Robert L. Blackwood, ment, Washington, D.C. 20350; phone, OX 7- ward L . Farley. USAF; home address: 3970 Pennsylvania ~~- . WISCONSIN Avenue, S.E., Apt. 210, Washington, D.C. Terry Johnson, 3700 3rd Ave., South Mil­ 20020; phone, 583-0959; office address: 1001st Ensign Joa nne Jensen, USN; home addr ess: waukee; South Milwaukee High School, Paul Air B ase Wing (DMP), Andrews Air Force 1850 Columbia Pike, Executive Apt. 712, Ar­ lington, Virginia 22204; phone, 527-0252; W.Bauhs. B ase, M aryland 20331; phone, 981-9111, ext. office address: Office of CNO (Op-90), Navy Harvey Kurtz, 222 Radtke St., Schofield; 4429 (Code 185, extension 4429). Department, Washington, D .C. 20350; phone, D . c. Everest High School, Donald Shebuski. Second Lieutenant Malkon C. Baboyian, OX5-7433. WYOMING USAF; home address: 4542 Linnean Avenue, N.W., Washington, D .C. 20008; phone, WO Ensign Mary Ellen Powers, USN; home ad­ David Freudenthal, Owl Creek Route, 6-8942; office address: 100 1st Air Base Wing dress: 1850 Columbia Pike, Executive Apt. Thermopolis; Hot Springs High School, John (BMMJM) , Andrews Air Force Base, Mary­ 712, Arlington, Virginia 22204; phone 527- Magnetti. land 20331); phone, 981-9111, ext. 6440/ 5649 0252; office address: Management Informa­ Carol Ryff, 1105 lOth St., Wheatland; (Code 185, ext. 6440/ 5{)49). tion Division, Naval Air Systems Command, Wheatland High School, Marvin L. Dunham. Second Lieutenant Rober-t J. Hertler, USAF; Washin gton, D.C. 20390; phone, OX 6-2022. home address: 3001 Branch Avenue, S.E., ESCORT OFFICERS Wash-ington, D.C. 20031; phone, 568-5117; OFFICERS IN CHARGE office address: 100 1st Air Base Wing Red Flag on the High Seas (DMMFM), Andrews Air Force Base, Mary­ Captain Bernadette M. Jablunovsky, USAF; home address: 8351 Donnell Place, Apt. DB, land 20331; phone, 981- 9111, ext. 6508/ 4497 Forestvllle, Maryland 20028; phone 736- (Code 185, ext. 6508/ 4497). Second Lieutenant Karen L . Miller, USAF; HON. CRAIG HOSMER 9201; office address: Malcolm Grow USAF OF CALIFORNIA Hospital (MSHN), Andrews Air Force Base, · home address : 1433 Southern Avenue, Oxon Maryland 20331; phone, 981-9111, ext. 8216 Hill, Maryland 20031; office address: 1100 Air IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Base Wing (WIO), Bolling Air Force Base, (Code 185, ext. 8216). D.C. 20332; phone, 562-9000, ext. 500/ 4403 W,ednesday, January 3J, 19-68 Oaptain Stephen Rosenzweig, USAF; home (.Code 141, ext. 500/ 4403) . address: 5937 Fisher Road, Apt. 202, Oxon Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, a timely Hill, Maryland 20031; phone, 894-1453; office U.S. Marine Corps discussion of the ever-burgeoning amount address: 1001st Air Base Wing (DMMRM) , First Lieutenant Jea nne L. Harfin, USMC; of Soviet shipping on the high seas was Andrews Air Force Base, Maryland 20331; home address: 827 Grayson Road, Wood- continued in the American Security January 31, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1723 Council's Washington Report for Decem­ the Soviet Union made 19 voyages through and in the near future it will have no equal the St. Lawrence Seaway this year and thus competitors." ber 18, last. It is authored by the respect­ equalled the number of U.S. voyages made on Some indication of the future thrust of ed authority, Dr. James D. Atkinson, that key waterway. Soviet maritime power is given by the esca­ professor of government at Georgetown lating Soviet effort at sea to build up the U.S. SHIPPING: DECLINING ASSET OF North Vietnamese. American Security Coun­ University. Importantly, the discussion NATIONAL SECURITY includes reference to the major role Red cil's Washington Report for Aug~st 21, 1967, flagships play in supplying materials for Mr. McGavin's comment that "the Rus­ pointed out that Soviet shipping going into sians have caught up with us in our own North Vietnamese ports showed a marked North Vietnam to utilize in its aggres­ back yard," that is, in the Great Lakes area, increase this year over 1966. M> of June 1967 sions. Also important for all Americans graphically illustrates the steady attrition the rate was eighteen ships per month with is the discussion relating to the danger­ of U.S. shipping since the end of World an additional 2 to 5 Soviet satellite ships per ously declining asset of U.S. shipping. War II. Thus in 1947, the U.S. merchant rna­ month and that a Moscow Radio broadcast The report follows: tine carried 70% of our foreign trade wl1ile of July 28 had boasted that Soviet ships left by 1960 it had dropped to 11.1%. Figures re­ RED FLAG ON THE HIGH SEAS Odessa "practically every day with cargoes leased in October, 1967, by the Foreign Trade for Vietnam." (By Dr. James D. Atkinson) Division of the Census Bureau are even more Equally instructive as to the possibilities THE GEO-POLITICAL CONFLICT alarming. They indicate that for 1966, U.S. inherent in employing a .merchant marine Within the memory of living men, Russia's flag merchant ships carried only 7.3% of the presence as a psycho-political and subversive merchant fleet was so insignificant a factor nation's waterborne foreign trade. This is the warfare weapon is a statement rp.ade by the in world politics tha.t it was scarcely worthy lowest figure since 1921! The U.S. stake in Cuban Communists. In discussing the policy of comment. Thus the great authority on sea the waterborne carriage of goods continues, of "maximum expansion of our merchant power, Admiral Alfred Thayer Mahan, dis­ however, to go up as our capability goes fleet," Havana Radio on November 1, 1967, missed Russia's merchant navy with the ob­ down. In 1965 our aggregate total of ex­ stated that young Cubans in maritime train­ servation that "Russia has little maritime ports and imports in waterborne commerce ing schools would be "taught the language, commerce . . . her merchant flag is rarely was 427 million tons valued at $32.7 b1llion geography, and history of the countries they seen." as compared to 1966 when it rose to 452 will visit." When this is viewed in the context Today the world scene is strikingly differ­ million tons valued at $36.9 b1llion. If pres­ of Soviet directed and assisted training for ent. The hammer and sickle flag of the Soviet ent trends continue, by 1970 U.S. flag mer­ unconventional warfare in Cuba, it would Union is seen on all the seas of the world chant ships may be carry less than 5% of our appear that, far from declining, the Cold and Soviet plans for the future are so ambi­ exports and imports. War will be intensified at sea during the com­ tions thaJt they have over 200,000 people The American shipping decline is going ing decade. enrolled in the Leningrad Institute of Tr-ans­ on at the same time that Soviet shipping portation, the Odessa Maritime Academy, and is forging ahead. Thus, as of Ma-y, 1967, the other maritime institutes. Soviet Union had building or on order a The Merit of Foreign Aid Money From an almost negligible figure of 1.6 total of 4.3 million tons of merchant ship­ ping (526 ships) while the United States million deadweight tons in 1939, Soviet mer­ had only 600,000 tons (45 ships) building chant shipping expanded to 3.6 million dead­ or on order. Over the past several years, de­ HON. WARREN G. MAGNUSON weight tons in 1958. The really spectacular livery of merchant ships flying the U.S. flag OF WASHINGTON gains, however, have come in this decade of has been, on the average, only 15 per year IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES the 1960's. Thus from a :ij.gure of 4¥2 million while the Soviet Union has averaged over 100 deadweight tons in 1963, Soviet merchant per year. The U.S.-Soviet comparative situa­ Wednesday, January 31, 1968 shipping jumped to 8.9 million deadweight tion is basically this: We have not em­ tons as of January 1, 1965. The latest figure, barked on a major effort to build merchant Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, much released by Lloyd's Register on October 10, ships since the Second World War; they be­ has been said about the merit of our 1967, indicates that the U.S.S.R. added 1,125,- gan -a major effort almost ten years ago and foreign aid money and the U.S. policy in 000 tons in the last year alone and the Soviet ate continuing to pursue it with undimin­ Southeastern Asia. merchant marine now stands at 10,617,000 ished vigor. I ask unanimous consent to have deil.dweight tons which pl:aces it in sixth rank in the· world. What is significant about all COLD WAR ESCALATION AT SEA printed in the Extensions of Remarks an this is the rate of growth, for only five years On November 16, 1967, the U.S. Maritime unsolicited letter from a constituent of ago, the Soviet merchant fleet ranked n11m­ Administration released a strangely ambiv­ mine, Dr. Ausey H. Robnett of Spokane, ber twelve in the world! alent pamphlet on the Soviet Merchant Ma­ Wash., in which he gives his impression While important, the statistical data alone rine. Taking cognizance of the nature of the of the good of our aid program, as wit­ are insufficient as a guide to the future thrust Soviet state, the short study points out that nessed by him on his recent trip abroad. of Soviet maritime programs. Some indication the Soviet merchant fleet could be used "as There being no objection, the letter of burgeoning Soviet operations at sea is a political instrument for economic pur­ given by programs during 1966 and 1967 poses and an economic instrument for po­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, which are directed at our own Western Hemi­ litical purposes." But it then goes on (based as follows: sphere. When the 19,860 ton Alexander on a January, 1967, statement of Soviet Min­ DRs. DURHAM, HARPER, ROBNETT Pushkin dropped anchor off Quebec City ister of Merchant Marine, Victor G. Bakayev) &AHLQUIST, on April 27, 1966, it was an historic first. This to indicate that the U.S.S.R. w111 not upset Spokane, Wash., December 22,1967. was the first tim~:: in the history of maritime the international maritime balance. One Senator WARREN J. MAGNUSON, affairs that the Russians had entered the might agree that this may be true of 1967 Olympia, Wash. ocean liner tramc of the Western Hemisphere. or even of 1968. But what of the future? Hon. SENATOR MAGNUSON: My wife and I In view of some of the optimistic predictions The U.S. merchant marine has been stead­ have just returned from a trip to the South­ in some quarters in the West about future ily deteriorating. And the British merchant eastern Asian countries of the Phi11ppines, Soviet maritime plans, it is also worth noting marine-upon which many of our exporters Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand, Hong Kong that the Pushkin's maiden voyage came and importers have placed reliance-now ap­ and Japan. This trip was made entirely upon only eight months after Soviet Minister of pears to be headed towards a sharp decline. our own and was prompted by the confusion Merchant Marine, Victor G. Bakayev, had Can we believe that the Soviet Union wUl which existed in our minds regarding the said that the U.S.S.R. had no intention of be so conscientious that, in the future, it United States' policy in Southeastern Asia. establishing passenger lines across the oceans. w111 refrain from taking advantage of what The trip was somewhat unique in that we As the British merchant marine continued to wlll be a geo-political fact of life? A re­ had established contact with citizens of decline in 1967 and as the Cunard Line de­ cent pronouncement of Merchant Marine Singapore, lived in an Indonesian home for cided to give up the British-Canadian pas­ Minister Bakayev suggests that reliance on almost a week in Djakarta, a.nd stayed with senger tramc, the Soviets and their Polish future Soviet good will on the high seas medical friends in Thailand. partners prepared to take over the British may be as futile as our past hopes that The sole purpose o:C this letter is to express passenger presence. The ·authoritative Lon­ the U.S.S.R. would refrain from developing to you the f-act that although we went to the don Daily Telegraph stated November 11, an orbital bombardment system. Minister Orient completely undecided and somewhat 1967, that the U.S.S.R. might place "a sec­ Bakayev pointed out that (AU8USt 4, 1967): "You can see Soviet ships on all the ·water­ hostile towards the activities of the United ond new ship on the London-Montreal run States in Viet Nam, we have returned con­ and the Poles plan extra sa111ngs from South­ ways of the world. They visit more than 800 ports in 90 foreign countries, and the num­ vinced by the unanimous opinion of every­ ampton .to Canada next year." one in the Southeastern Asian countries to Even the St. Lawrence Seaway, the en­ ber of them on world sea routes increases whom we talked that although they wish to trance to the great agricultural-industrial year after year." And then he went on to say determine their own political futures, their heart .of America, the Mid-West, was not im­ something .that is cold comfort :Cor those only opportunity to do so will be by the con­ mune to Soviet politico-economic penetra­ who would rely on Soviet promises instead tinued presence and activity of the United tion. The New York Times (November 12, of a strong, modern American merchant fleet. States in Viet Nam. 1967) reported that Peter M. McGavin, ex­ Said he: "Already today it (Soviet Merchant We also were immensely impressed by the ec.utive secretary-treasurer of the Maritime Marines) stands on a par with the fleets of unanimous opinion of several people whom Trades Departmen~. AFL-OIO, stated that traditional sea countries in all lts indexes, we interviewed regarding the various aid pro- 1724 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 31_, 1968 grams of which by all odds the people of people in its stepped up program of mis­ Virginia, in terms of grants approved or Indonesia and of Thailand feel that build­ carriage of justice? money spent. Last year only 12,800 children ing of roads is the most important. Second All points to the power of the people (out of more than a milllon of school age) to the road building in importance was ed­ elected to take the grants. Records are no~ ucation and medical aid in the form of pre­ at the voting booth. What is politically kept racially, but the figure is known to ventive medicine and therapy. inspired can now only be corrected by include hundreds of Negro pupils. The pro­ We were particularly impressed with the political action. The election of a few gram represented an outlay of $2,908,00(), representatives of the United States' gov­ more constitutional representatives this against $550 million for public education ernment whom we met there such as William fall may well result in public clamor for generally. J. Dunn, Jr., of the USOM activity in Bang­ action by removal proceedings. Justices Some of the pupils who obtained grants kok, and Mr. John Robb of the U.S. agency can read the Constitution-their jobs are were retarded children, who used the grants for International Development station in during good behavior-not for life. to go to special schools. Some grants went Tokyo. to families who wished to send their chil­ Although I have not been enthusiastic I wonder how many judges need be re­ dren to private schools outside the State. about our Foreign Aid program in the past, moved by impeachment before they start Many of the grants went to families, living after traveling through this area with the holding court and reading law again? close to a county line, who wanted the con­ population of well over 200 million people, Mr. Speaker, I include Mr. James Kil­ venience of sending their children to a I .feel very strongly that we must continue patrick's column of January 30 follow­ nearer school in the adjoining jurisdiction. our aid program, particularly the road build­ ing my remarks: And yes, the bulk of the grants went to ing and educational programs in an effort white children whose parents desired, not to sustain these people until they can go on LOUISIANA'S TUiTION GRANT LAW necessarily for racial reasons, to send them their own which they are more than anxi.ous GETS BRUSHOFF to a school other than the local public to do. It probably will accomplish nothing for a school. I am sending this letter also to Senator Southern boy to comment on a fight that The tuition grant program has provoked Jackson and to Representative Foley in the touches "segregation," but this ought to be great hostility in Virginia alllQng public hopes that it will express our complete said: The Supreme Court acted wrongly a school people. They see it as a threat, how­ support o! the programs of the United States couple of weeks ago, when it summarily ever minute at the. moment, to their public and belief that even more must be done tromped upon Louisiana's tuition grant law school monopoly. Yet this aspect of the by way of road building, education in the without hearing one word of argument in plan-this competitive spur-4s a useful in­ agricultural and medical fi.elds in these coun­ the law's defense. centive toward keeping public schools on tries even though it may mean an increase Like many other things, the tuition grant their 'toes. All these elements figure in the in our own tax rete. concept is subject to abuse and to unconsti­ picture, but the court would not look. Respectfully yours, tutional administration. This does not mean Where's the case from? Louisiana? Out with AUSEY H. ROBNETT, M.D. that the concept itself is unlawful. It is not. it. It's a poor way to preserve the federal But the high court would not pause to hear system. the point debated. In its zeal to toss out the South's old bath water, washing its sins away, the court may have tossed out a promising Justice for Private Education Denied baby too. New Yorker President of Million-Dollar Admittedly, 'the tuition grant plan first Round Table devised in Virginia ten years ago was an in­ HON. JOHN R. RARICK strument of the State's "massive resistance" OF LOUISIANA to court-ordered integration of the public HON. JACOB K. JAVITS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES schools. The idea was to make it possible for OF NEW YORK white children to trot off to all-white npri­ Wednesday, January 31, 1968 vate" schools, while colored children re­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, the U.S. mained in public schools. The idea was to Wednesday, January 31, 1968 maintain segregated education and whether Supreme Court trampled the dignity of Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, it is a private schools underfoot without grant­ the plan was "ingenious or ingenuous," as the high court once remarked in another great honor for any insurance man to be ing the courtesy of one word of argument context, it was state action in violation of admitted to the Million-Dollar Round in defense of our State's law. the Fourteenth Amendment. Table, and so to be elected president of What happened to all the emotional All right. The overlooked point is that the that organization is a singular achieve­ legal phrases such as "justice based on Virginia law was completely rewritten in ment. the case," "fair hearings," and "a fair 1960. Like the blind sow stumbling upon the Last November, Sadler Hayes, of New and impartial trial." All trampled under­ acorn, Virginia discovered that she hac:~ hit upon an educational concept of great utility, York, was elected to that office. Mr. foot by a controlled bunch of quasi­ Hayes is an outstanding member of the jurists who must have entered into the novelty and promise. Every vestige of racial motivation was rooted from the law. Louisi­ insurance industry, and his biography case with prejudiced personal opinions ana subsequently followed Virginia's lead indicates that he is also active in civic to have prejudged the case without giv­ with a generally similar program of her own; affairs and the arts. Like so many suc­ ing the defendant a chance to state his it is this Louisiana statute that a three-judge cessful New York businessmen, he is not case. Federal court held void in August. And now a native of our State, but we are proud What can be more bigoted close­ the SUpreme Court, per curiam, has affirmed of his achievements and his leadership minded, or hate filled than justice de­ that decree. of this prestigious organization. nied. This is a pity; for properly administered, Somehow the Supreme Court Justices without discrimination of any sort, a plan I ask unanimous consent that an ar­ have decided mothers and dads and tax­ of State scholarships, or State tuition grants, ticle about Mr. Hayes, which appeared has much to comend it. Such a program in the newsletter of the Mlllion-Dollar payers no longer have an interest in their rests upon this salutary premise, that a Round Table, be printed in the Exten· children or education-perhaps the State's valid interest in a child lies in the sions of Remarks. parents cannot be trusted to take care of child's education-not necessarily in his There being no objection, the article their child's needs and future. "public education," but simply in his edu­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, For, by their decision the Court evi­ cation, period. So long as certain minimum dences total disregard of education­ standards are met, dealing with basic cur­ as follows: their interest is solely in social revolu­ riculum, days of schooling and the like, the MEET SADLER HAYES, 1968 PRESIDENT tion, forced controls, and destruction of State stands indifferent. The object is to Sadler Hayes, the transplanted "tarheel" the greatest school system the world has educate 'the child, and toward that end the who combines southern charm and gracious­ State is prepared to expend public funds; ness with the easy-going urbanity of a long­ ever know. Is "in the public interest" to but within limits, the how and the where time New Yorker, took the reins of the Round be now construed to vest ownership of of that education are not the State's con­ Table on November 1. the minds and bodies of our children in cern. The 1968 MDRT President arrived at the the Federal Government under the dic­ Thus Virginia says to each parent, in ef­ top of the Table via an unusuaL route--he tates of the Federal judiciary. fect: You have a right to have your child began his working career by selling shoes in An unheard of power precedent ex­ enrolled in a public elementary or secondary 1929 in North Carolina as a college freshman. ceeding even the dictates of Nazi judges school in your county or city. But if you His commission was one dollar for a $6.00 should elect, for reasons of your own, to pair of shoes. Shortly after he made $50 in in Hitler's Germany in their self-granted eduate your child in some other approved commissions in one day's sales, he decided power to do whatever they felt was in non-secretarian institution, you are free there was a quicker way to financial success the best interests of the Socialist state. to take your share of the educational ap­ than the four-year route through college. How long does the Federal bench think propriation in the !onn of a tuition grant. He entered life insurance with the Travel­ it can escape the wrath of the American The progam hall not been a big~ in ers Agency in Charlotte, and after two January 31, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1725 -months was sent to Hartford, Conn., for more Conn. However, his accomplishments extend ed enthusiastica:Uy to President John­ home office training. in to many diverse fields. son's message oil veterans and service­ "I intended to return to North Carolina An accomplished guitarist, he c:lelights in men delivered to the Congress yesterday. after the training period," Hayes reflected. donning a red -b~lero and entertaining~an "Instead, I was sent to New York first." interest he shares with his son. He belongs to I am including for the REcORD telegrams It was 1932. Apple peddlers were the most the Society of the Classic Guitar of New York which I have received from the national conspicuous salesmen in Manhattan. People which meets monthly in the Warren Austin leaders of our veterans' organizations ex.;. not only were not buying insurance, they Auditorium at the United Nations. pressing support for the President's pro­ were cashing in existing policies for food and "The finest guitarists from all over the gram: rent money. -world, including Andres Segovia and Carlos WASHINGTON, D.C. "My first assignment was in life insurance Montoya, perform for us in advance of their Representative OLIN TEAGUE, conservation," Hayes said. "That was the concerts at Lincoln Center and Carnegie Chairman of Veterans Affairs Committee, practice of helping policy holders to hold on Hall," he said proudly. House of Representatives, to their insurance during the days of finan­ "I was privileged to sing and play last year ·washington, D.C.: cial difficulty. I stayed with it until early at the annual meeting of the Ice Skating I have this date sent the following tele­ 1934, then joined Connecticut General as a Club of New York and this past spring at a gram to President Johnson: ..The members of salesman." formal dinner at Christ Methodist Church. our national executive offices staff have just Then, as now, one way to reach the top in A few years ago, I appeared with ex-Governor been briefed on your message to the United selling life insurance was to make clients out Averell Harriman as a singing guitarist before States Congress dealing with Veterans Af­ of successful men. Where did one find these the 50th Anniversary Boy Scout Jamboree in fairs by Mr. Driver, as the spokesman for men in 1934? Orange County, N.Y." more than 67,000 career sailors and marines. "I didn't know any rich men," Hayes said. Hayes' interest in music dates back to I wish to express their wholehearted ap­ "I had no influential friends or family to his short college career, when he led a proval of your proposals to not only aid the introduce me to the wealthy." 10-piece dance band . called, "The Spanish veteran but to encourage him to continue What Hayes had was an idea. He discovered Troubadors." to serve his Nation in· his civilian pursuit that the Wall Street law firms were hiring - "We did very well, too," Hayes recalled. and assure all Americans of a brighter and only top-honors graduates from Harvard, "We even got a solid booking for the summer more prosperous future." On behalf- of the Yale, Penn and Virginia. of 1930. But my mother moved in and made veterans and citizens of America I urge "I figured most of these youngsters-men -me give it up--I've been a frustrated virtuoso prompt and favorable action on the pro­ ever since." my own age, and many of whom were Phi posals of his veteranf! message of. January Beta Kappa and Rhodes Scholars-were Hayes also is a member of the Blue Hill 30, 1968. going places, and I'd go right along with Troupe, a group of amateur performers which BERNARD P. O'HAmc, them." puts on a Gilbert & Sullivan operetta each ,year .for one of New York's charities. From National President, Fleet Reserve How right he wa.s. The Wall Street law Association• -clerks of the 1930's became the corporation .the days of his mmtary service, he has re­ presidents of the '40's, '50's and '60's. Their mained in the Squadron A Association, a modest term insurance policies blossomed cavalry organization which is ·an honorary WASHINGTON, D.C., January 30, 1968. into big trust funds-and Hayes, their fi­ rank to the bygone days of mounted warfare. Hon. OLIN E. TEAGUE, nancial counselor from the beginning, was Active also in religious work, Hayes is a Rul­ U.S. House of Representatives. there to help them protect and secure their ing Elder in the Brick Presbyterian Church, Rayburn House Office Building, growing estates. one of the city's oldest and best-known Washington, D.C. By the age of 31, when he went into mili­ Protestant churches. DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: I have just sent the tary service for World War II, he had be­ Current highlights of his civic activities in President the following message: come a member of the Milllon Dollar Round New York City include participation in the "All members of my organization and I Table. He has now qualified for Round Table "Family of Man Dinner" this February honor­ believe it f.s of the· utmost importance that membership for the -past 23 consecutive ing Monsieur Jean Monet. Also, Hayes is a legislation required to accomplish proposals years. member of the newly formed Deferred Giving contained in your veterans message to Con­ As a recognized comer in the life insurance Committee of the Greater Council of the Boy gress be enacted with all possible dispatch. business, he was one of 20 Round Table mem­ Scouts of America. This Committee is explor­ These are far-seeing recommendations and bers featured by Fortune magazine in a 1949 ing the whole new approach to the raising of they must be potentiated, not only for the a.rticle on milUon-dollar-a-year salesmen. funds through the charitable sale of life strengthening of our veterans' programs but He made "Who's Who in America" before he insurance. for the bolstering of our ~ational unity and was 35, and has held his listing to this day. Like many MDRT members, Hayes has de­ security. We will urge that Congress prompt­ Associated with -the Carl R. Purser Agency veloped a strong interest in physical fitness. ly convert your recommendations into ap­ of Penn Mutual at 355 Lexington Ave., Hayes :lt's no easy trick to build oneself up to a propriate legislation." has compiled an enviable record of life insur­ mile-a-day run when one lives in an 18th We urge Congress do everything possibl~ ance salesmanship. Four times, he has out­ floor Manhattan apartment. But Hayes has to implement the requirements of this presi­ sold all other agents in the nationwide Penn mastered the problem. "I measured the cir­ dential message. Mutual system. Ten times, has sold two mil­ cumference of my upper terrace and found SIDNEY HANTMAN, lion dollars or more per year in new policies. that 25.2 laps around it equals one mile. The DSC Senior Vice Commander, Legion He was the first charter member of Penn _only drawback is some sulphur dioxide, more of Valor. Mutual Royal Blue, a company honor for politely known as smog, from time· to time. agents whose personal annual production is However, I keep hoping enough oxygen re­ two million dollars or more; he is on the Penn mains_to sustain breathing on my highrise WASHINGTON, D.C., Mutual Agents Advisory Committee and has jogs." January 30, 1968. Hayes' year as President of the Round Congressman OLIN E. TEAGUE, earned the industry's National Quality Award House of Representatives, every year since joining Penn Mutual. Table will be the fourth that he has served on the organization's governing Executive Washington, D.C.: Hayes is a quietly intense man, interested TOday I have sent the following telegram in people and interesting to people~ He has Committee. After his ·term ends, he will the ability of so many master salesmen to serve an additional year as Immediate Past to the President: The mem:bel'IS·of the Para­ President. lyzed Veterans of America and countless come in on the same wave length as the per­ other veterans and servicemen graciously son he is with-to interact, share interests, "For me, these years of aQ.ded responsibility find mutually productive points of view. _are the most meaningful of my life," he thank you for your splendid veterans mes­ summed up. sage to Congress. You indeed cogently and Like many members of the Round Table, persuasively set forth the needs of this vitally Hayes believes strongly in continuing per­ important segment of our population. We are sonal development, not only in advanced ed­ urging the Congress to supply the service­ ucation in life insurance which may be of .Veterans Organizations Applaud Presi­ men and veterans what ·you ask for and help to his clients, but also in the growth of pledge the full support of our organization "the whole man." dent's Message on Veterans and Serv­ to help your enlightened programs become a He has appeared twice on the program of icemen reality. We especially commend the opening the Round Table's Annual Meetings-in 1948 of ten U.S. veterans assistance centers. Your and 1953, and was Program Chairman for the interest in our servicemen and veterans and 40th Anniversary Annual Meeting held last HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE their problems is indeed reassurtng. Our or:­ June in Lucerne, Switzerland. . ganization sincerely requests your assistance OF TEXAS Hayes• non-professional interests center -in helping the programs ·outlined in this mainly around his family-his wife, the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES message to become a vi tal part of our vet­ former Agnes MacArthur, and their two chil­ Wednesday, .January 31, 1968 .erans legislation. dren, John ~adler, 16, a junior at Woodberry Ll!:SL~ P. BURG HOFF, Jr., Forest School, Orange, Va., and Alice, a .. Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, President, sophomore at Rosemary Hall, in Greenwich, _the Nation's veterans groups have react... Paralyzed' Veterans ~I A:merica. CXIV--109-Part 2 1726 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 31, 1968 WASHINGTON, D.C., WASHINGTON, D.C., January 30,1968. return to civil life. The further utilization of January 30, 1968. Hon. OLIN E. TEAGUE, the Veterans Administration hospital system, Congressman OLIN E. TEAGUE, Chairman, House Committee on. Veteran..!' which is truly one of our greatest national Rayburn House Office Buildi ng, Affairs, Washington, D.C.: assets, to step up the training of medical Washington, D.C.: In a telegram to the President the veterans specialists will not only help veterans but The following message sent this date to of World War One have pledged their sup­ all Americans. Your recommen dation for President Johnson: Your historic message to port to the veterans programs t hat our Pres­ establishment of a new program for veterans Congress of Jan. 31, 1967 concerning veterans ident has presented to Congress. No doubt in public service will provide a continuing legislation resulted in far-reaching action by you will h ave a big hand in pushing this opportunity for veterans to serve in the pub­ the members, resulting in immeasurable aid program throu gh Congress and we know that lic interest and help solve some of the great to the veterans of the Nation. you will be successful in your efforts. domestic problems facing this Nation today. Your message to the 90th Congress for this PHILIP F. O'BRIEN, Last, but perhaps most important to the second session will prove to be another mile­ Nati onal Commander, Veterans of World Veterans of Foreign Wars membership, is stone in the annuals of veteran achieve­ War One of the USA. your recognition of the acute national ceme­ ments. The veterans of the Nation are in­ tery problem and your request that the Vet­ debted to you for your cooperation, and we The PRESIDENT, erans Administrator have proposals made of AMVETS pledge our continued support The White House, to assure every veteran the right to a burial for the enactment of your entire program. Washington, D.C.: in a national cemetery reasonably close to his ANTHONY J. CASERTA, On behalf of The America n Legion, may I home. National Commander, AMVETS. express our gratitude for requesting Con­ With the exception of your proposal of vet­ gress to en act legislation to expand certain erans in public service, the Veterans of For­ veterans benefits programs and to support eign Wars has long been on record through BALTIMORE, MD ., improvement of the quality of certain serv­ mandates adopted at our national conven­ Jan uar y 30, 1968. ices provided veterans. tions in favor of every proposal in this sec­ OLIN TEAGUE, Your fine veterans program reflects that ond historic message on veterans. You may House of Representatives, as a veteran yourself, you have taken cog­ be reassured of the full support of the Vet­ Washington, D.C.: nizance of the economic problems facing vet­ erans of Foreign Wars of the United States For your information the following wire erans who have devoted a segment of their in your efforts to have the recommendations was sent to the President today endorsing lives in the time spent defending our na­ of your message fulfilled. his message on veterans benefits. I urge the tion's freedoms. I know I speak for the 1,400,000 members prompt support of the Congress on these I assure you that The American Legion will of the Veterans of Foreign Wars when I ex­ recommendations. indicate to the Congress that our 2,600,000 press the deepest appreciation for this most "It was my honor to hear your message war veteran membership is in hearty accord important and historic message to the Con­ to Congress today outlining your proposals with your dedicated effort to give veterans gress in recognition of the extra sacrifice designed to insure the secure future of our the opportunities they have so justly earned. being made by our servicemen who are fight­ returning veterans. The deep insight and in­ WILLIAM E. GALBRAITH, ing today's war and for our veterans who cisive understanding of the problems facing National Commander, The American. have fought past wars. these veterans is a concrete example of your Legion. JOSEPH A. SCERRA, profound humanitarian spirit. Veterans and Commander in Chief, Veterans of For­ their fa.mil1es throughout this land applaud WASHINGTON, D.C., January 30, 1968. eign Wars of the U.S. your courage, your wisdom, and your heart. Ron. OLIN E. TEAGUE, As national commander of the Jewish War ChaiTman, House Veterans' Affairs Commit­ Veterans of the U.S.A. I salute you in humble tee, Washington, D.C. gratitude." DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: I have sent the fol­ SAMUEL SAMUELS, lowing telegram to the President of the Death of Arnold Rose National Commander, Jewish War Vet­ U:riited States: "No one concerned for vet­ erans of U.S.A. erans and their fa.mllies and dependents can read your latest message on veterans to the HON. WALTER F. MONDALE WASHINGTON, D.C., January 30, 1968. Congress without feeling of deepest pride OF MINNESOTA and satisfaction. This is truly the era of the IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Representative OLIN TEAGUE, veteran and the package of benefits which House of Representatives, the gratitude of the Nation provides cannot Wednesday, January 31, 1968 Washington, D.C.: and must not ever be inadequate. It is clear We have sent the following telegram to that if your recommendations become reality Mr. MONDALE. Mr. President, Minne­ President Lyndon B. Johnson: "The disabled it will not be. We want you to know we shall sota and America lost a great scholar, American veterans express their deepest work for the fullest development of the lawmaker, and citizen with the death of gratitude for the proposals that you have potential you have so eloquently and Arnold Rose. We remember Arnold Rose made in your recent message to Con gress on convincingly placed before the Congress. as one of the Nation's leading sociolo­ veterans benefits. Together with the pro­ Congratulations." posals you made last year and most of which gists, publicly involved in the struggle It is urged that you lend your support to against racial discrimination since 1941 are now law, these new proposals will help the early passage of this much needed legis­ fulfill the desires of our membership fought lat ion. when he joined Gunnar Myrdal in the for over many years. The recommendations Thank you. writing of "An American Dilemma," a.S benefitting disabled veterans have our com­ LUTHER SKAGGS, Jr., a sociology professor at the University of plete support and we shall urge the Con­ Nationa·l Commander, Military Order Minnesota who was instrumental in re­ gress to enact them immediately. Please of the Purple Heart of the United lating sociology to the study of law; as accept the thanks of the disabled American States of America, Inc. an active Minnesota legislator with a veterans." FRANCIS J. BEATON, special interest in education; and for his National Commander, Disabled Amer· JANUARY 30, 1968. courtroom defense of academic freedom ican Veterans. The PRESIDENT, in the libel suit against rightwinger The White House, Gerda Koch. Washington, D.C.: WASHINGTON, D.C., January 31, 1968. The 1,400,000 members of the Veterans of I would like to add to the RECORD the Congressman OLIN TEAGUE, Foreign Wars of the United States enthusi­ tributes of Minnesotans to Arnold Rose. Washington, D.C.: astically welcome your second message on I ask unanimous consent that tributes by Following message sent to the President of Veterans to the Congress within the past Arthur Naftalin, the mayor of Minneap­ the United States: Your message to the Con­ year, in which you recommended further as­ olis, Carl A. Auerbach, professor of law, gress today reemphasize your deep concern sistance to Americans who have borne and University of Minnesota, and Harold C. of and championship of the returning vet­ today are bearing arms in defense of our Ub­ Deutsch, professor of history, University erans in the dimcult situation and individual erty and the cause of peace. of Minnesota, on January 6, 1968, and problems each faces in making a transition The Veterans of Foreign Wars shares your from military service to the equally im­ sentiments that America's servicemen and an editorial from the Minneapolis Trib­ portant status of productive private citizen veterans are our Nation's pride and our une be printed in the Extensions of Re­ contribute equally to the nation's economy strength. marks. productivity and social strength. You may Your recommendations to help fin~ jobs There being no objection, the items be assured that I shall urge Congress to for veterans, both in Government and in­ were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, support the necessary legislation to effec· dustry, are most timely. Your reamrmation as follows: tuate your outstanding program for our of veterans preference in Federal Govern­ veterans. ment, coupled with the non-competitive hir­ A TRmuTE TO ARNOLD M. RosE A. LEO ANDERSON, ing o! veterans going to school in the first (By Arthur Naftalln, mayor o! Minneapolis) Director, Department of Veterans Af­ five levels of Civil Service, wlll be of tre­ Arnold Rose was a man of unusual quality fairs, District of Columbia. mendous importance to veterans in their and exceptional talent. He was a brilliant January 31, "1 .968 EXTENSIONS OF. REMARKS 1727 scholar, a gifted writer, a courageous cham­ that· ne brought to the arena of action from As we pay this. tribute we add a new name pion of human dignity and a determined and his wide reading and extensive research. to the roster of Minnesota's Giants in the effective political leader. He devoted himself, Perhaps one of his most significant contri­ Earth-Arnold M. Rose. in all facets of his career, to the greater un­ butions of that period is the · additional di­ derstanding of society and to the betterment mension of appreciation for the University IN MEMORY OF ARNOLD M. ROSE of community life. that he left with his legislat~ve colleagues. (By Carl A. Auerbach, professor of law, Uni­ He gave his creative attention to many The present era of amicable University­ versity of Minnesota) areas of social thought and political action, legislative relations can be attributed in No one can read the Writings of Arnold some measure to Arnold's patient attention emerging as a national authority in such Rose without being impressed by his op­ diverse fields as civil rights, mental health, to this basic concern. timism about the human condition; his aging, community organization and the Arnold saw clearly, too, the great need for fierce love of the liberal values of freedom social and political process. the state to pay attention to the problems and equality; his sense of ,sober responsibil­ His contributions were so numerous and of the city, that to arrest urban decay would ity as a social scientist and his tolerance for their constructive effect so substatltial it is require firm leadership and meaningful leg­ islation. Patiently and persuasively he all who labor in the intellectual vineyards. difficult to describe how great is the loss we Those who had the privilege to be his col­ have sustained in his death. brought many of his colleagues to an aware­ ness that city and suburb must stand to­ leagues or to work with him in any of his Arnold's lifespan was tragically brief, the manifold endeavors or to know him as a more so because in his final years, he walked gether to meet the problems of the aging, the poor, and the ill. The progress we are friend had no doubt that these characteris­ with the shattering knowledge that his time tics marked the inner man. We grieve for his was limited by irreversible illness. making towards a larger state and metro­ Yet the manner in which he chose to live politan understanding is another evidence loss and pay tribute to his memory. out his days was characteristic of his special of Arnold's legacy to us. Arnold Rose was imbued with the convic­ quality. He was able to summon tremendous The activity that perhaps is most reveal­ tion that society had a right to expect so­ inner discipline and a creative vitality that ing of Arnold's determination to know cial scientists to assist in combatting the illness could not daunt. He used his final and apply, to will and to do, was his in­ evils affiicting it. So many of these evils, he years calmly, deliberately, and more fruit­ volvement in the Democratic-Farmer-Labor saw, could be alleviated by legal ordering. fully than many men use their entire life­ Party. He served the party .in the literal and He did not look upon law merely as the time. One can only surmise with what effort most exemplary sense of the word. He was a product of the social and psychological fac­ he continued to work until the very evening prodigious worker; no task was too menial; tors that mold human· behavior. He insisted of his death. Did he perhaps recall Robert no detail too small. He was Indian or Chief that law could affect .man's environment, his Frost's deceptively simple words: "the woods as the situation required. I know first-hand behavior and even his attitudes-and so are lovely, dark and deep but I have promises because we were members of the same Ward could be used as an effective instrument of to keep and miles to go before I sleep." Club, each in our turn serving as ward chair­ peaceful social change in a democracy. Arnold and Caroline Rose came to Min­ man and as delegates to county, state and This possibility attracted him to the study neapolis in September, 1949, and over the national conventions. of the legal order. Appreciating that judges, intervening years we have--so many of us Always Caroline and Arnold were pre­ legislators, administrators, lawyers and citi­ gathered here today--enjoyed a close friend­ pared, at great personal sacrifice, to sustain zens had to deal with society's problems here ship, as neighbors, as academic colleagues, the group effort because of their commit­ and now, he worked to assure that their as political comrades, and as fellow-workers ment to orderly and intelligent social efforts would be as informed about the na­ in programs of civic betterment. process. ture of man and society as his generation's We met on the first day of their arrival, Here, too, Arnold filled the role as educa­ state of knowledge could make them. fittingly at a political meeting in our home. tor. He provided many young people with In addressing himself to our problems and It was a moment of special interest for me, their .first contact in politics and purpose­ entering the political arena to cope with because I was then using the American fully encouraged them to seek office and to them even more directly, he was not swayed Dilemma as the text of a course I was teach­ participate actively in the party structure by the criticism he heard from time to time ing at the University and to meet the Roses, and in civic organizations. Many people today that he was wandering from the main paths who had collaborated with Gunnar Myrdal are constructively serving our community be­ of scholarship and should better spend his in producing the monumental work, was an cause Arnold Rose aroused their concern and time constructing theoretical systems. unusually gratifying experience. moved them to involvement--a legacy diffi­ The fact of the matter is that Arnold Rose It was clear from the start that Arnold cult to measure but of immeasurable value. was a theorist and methodologist of power. was no ordinary addition to the community. Arnold's own campaign for office fitted his He was troubled because so much social It was clear that here was a person of personality. So long as there were people theory was inadequate precisely because it compassion and courage, of concern and present and an issue to be discussed, no failed to consider law ·as a factor making for quiet charm, one who was prepared to meet meeting was too small for. him to attend. social change. And he undertook to remove the forces of his time, intellectually and He rallied to his support men and women of this "blind spot," as he called it, of so many personally, in thought and in action. every ethnic group and minority and over contemporary American sociologists. Arnold Rose exemplified in his life the them he raised a giant umbrella of concern­ concern for their problems as human beings. He also never thought it necessary to keep maxim of Goethe: "It is not enough to know, his theory pure and unpolitical by avoiding we must also apply; it is not enough to will, Before his last campaign was finished, he personally visited every home in every block intimate contact with the realities of social we must also do." disorder and conflict. His academic life guided It was the activist in Arnold that led him in his district. It may be hard to imagine this slight, serious maP' ·one of the most and enriched his role as legislator. And his from the academy to the legislature; with political involvement and experience deep­ distinguished scholars h;. our nation, dog­ graceful ease, he moved from classroom to ened his insight as a sociologist. caucus; from pedagogy to precinct; The gedly ringing doorbell After doorbell humbly knowledge he gained in one arena he used asking strangers for their support. Even more important, his reflection on to enrich his activity in the other. Yet lt was the kind of experience his activ­ social responsibility of the social scientists It is heartening to imagine the satisfac­ ist nature sought; he felt the need for it; led him to activity which made him a leader tion that he must have derived as a legisla­ he revelled in it. As it was said of him the of our generation in the struggle against the tor in helping to shape our state's social other evening in tribute he believed that if greatest brutality of our time--race bigotry institutions to accord with his deepest schol­ men never touch each other, they will hate and race discrimination. To this struggle he arly reflections. each other one day. committed his mind and his heart. The record he established in his single Many of us in this room have had their This commitment began at least as early term in the Legislative Session ·of 1963 at­ lives touched very personally by Arnold as September 1941 when, only 23 years old, tests to the passion with which he approach­ Rose. We are al.J.stronger and richer fer know­ he joined Gunnar Myrdal in the research and ed this task. He was in the minority party ing him, and foe pay tribute to his "llemory writing of An American Dilemma. Even then, and only a freshman house member, yet he by expressin!! our gratitude that h has left Myrdal Arnold's "wide knowledge of the so­ was an author of 68 separate bills, the us so rich a legacy. cial science literature and his sound judg­ range of which reflected the breadth of his I cannot conclude wi•thout s&.Jing a word ment on methodological problems." After intellectual interests. He introduced meas­ of appreciation to Caroline Rose for all of the book was published, Myrdal acknowl­ ures to benefit the young, the aging and what she meant in Arnold's life. The legacy edged Arnold's deep and intimate identifi­ the very old; the mentally ill and the re­ we honor is, in good measure, the product cation with it. Arnold Rose's eommitment to tarded; the disabled and the handicapped. of the lives they shared. To Arnold's great work for fundamental changes in American He sought legislation to help labor, to im­ qualities Caroline added her own intellectual race relations continued until the day he prove the legislative prOcess with party; des­ force and personal zest, always ready to par­ died. ignation and to bring tax relief to the elderly. ticipate in their joint endeavors to the full­ The very last article he -published-in No­ He was especially active in education. As a est. We salute her for her role in their vember of the ·past year--dealt with school member of the House Education Committee magnificent partnership. desegregation and hammered at his favorite he sponsored bills aimed at strengthening Now the keen intellectual adventure that themes. "If there ever had been a doubt," he all levels of instruction, from elementary came ·ro such high fruition is ended; the 'Wrote, "that a· United States Supreme Court through graduate school. probhlg, reasoned mind is stilled; he who decision can change social behavior and so­ Men on both sides of the aisle accorded would ever do battle in defense of civil and cial institutions, the implementation under­ him the highest respect; they came ·tO draw academic freedom has slipped from our taken by the federal court of the Brown v. upon his great store of organized knowledge mickt. Board of Education decision of 1954 should 1728 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 31, 1968 have dispelled it quickly." And then he ·pro­ the courtroom. When he was libeled by a Arnold Rose is no more. This will long ceeded, as he did so many times before, to right-wing group, he insisted upon bringing seem to us to be improbable because his work present a legal theory and supporting soeio­ suit, though many of his lawyer-friends ad­ and his example live in a new generation of logical data-this time to persuade the courts vised him that it was risky to place his rep­ sociologists and legal scholars. to outlaw de facto public school segregation utation in the hands of a jury of 12 ordinary and thereby convert "equal justice under the people after a trial which was certain to be law" from a shibboleth to a reality. accompanied by a renewed attack upon him JANUARY 6, 1968. Arnold sought not only to eradicate dis­ and to be enveloped in a highly emotional Family and Friends of Arnold M. Rose: criminatory behavior but also to strike at atmosphere. It is my high privilege to speak here for the roots of prejudice. He believed that But Arnold feared that his failure to bring two groups with which Arnold Rose has legislation against discriminaition was an suit would encourage attacks upon members shared many vital things in the last years important means of breaking tradition of of the faculty and endanger academic free­ of his life. One of these is composed of prejudice but not sufficient by itself, to do dom at the University. He also despised ex­ the members of a University of Minnesota the whole job. In 1963 he was honored by tremist groups, whether of the right or of the research team which has worked together for being named cochairman with John Hope left. So he acted, without any assurance at two years to prepare, carry out, and best Franklin of Wayne State University's cele­ the time that he would be assisted by friends ut111ze the results of the project which took bration of the 100th Anniversary of the and without any thought of collecting dam­ us for twelve months to Europe. The other Emancipation Proclamation. He took this oc­ ages. consists of those members of the Minnesota casion to call upon the historians to put And of course he was vindicated. 'This faculty who formed the committee which into practice "their claimed ideals of good grueling trial-which I attended for many helped him to defend some of the most basic scholarship and science" by eliminating the days waiting to be called as a character wit­ interests of our profession. falsehoods and half-truths in the written ness-attests to Arnold Rose's courage and Most of us in these two groups had known history of race relations in this country. In unselfishness. For in retrospect, it is clear Arnold for many years before we were this way, he hoped, we would be helped to that it was also a trial of strength that he brought more closely together. Some of us "purge race hatred from our minds." could ill afford in vitality. had already been good friends, others only On occasion, during the last months of his We on the Law Faculty wlll especially acquaintances of his. I am sure that each of life, Arnold expressed the fear that the fiery miss Arnold Rose. But we prefer to speak of us will always cherish the fact that we were rand bloody race riots of last summer indi­ our gain from having him in our midst. He able to have with him this last period of a cated that many Negroes had weighed the was one of the ornaments of the University more intense and intimate relationship. It law in the balance and found it wanting. But but a vital source of inspiration to the Law gave us so many opportunities to get to I do not think he altered the basic views he School in its efforts to build ties with other know Arnold at his best--a best that was expressed at the Emancipation Centennial: parts of the University. In 1958, he formed very good indeed. How much we would have "The changes may seem slow to those who a University Committee to facilitate com­ lost if these last two years had not been labor under discrimination ... but the munication and cooperation in research and granted to him and thus to us! The fact that changes are coming. teaching in law and the social sciences. He he and his wife, Carolyn, lived much of the "Discrimination ls being wiped out slowly became its first Executive Secr-etary. time in a room across from the research but certainly, from the laws of our country Although the Committee no longer exists, team's Paris office gave us many occasions to 'and from the practices of our industrialists, Arnold constantly reminded us that it know him better en pantouftes (in house public servants, civil leaders and even the should be· reconstituted. Always quiet and slippers). One of our great professional and people in general. As Americans we can con­ gentle in manner, he could be insistent. The personal disappointments of the year was tinue to be proud of the strength of our na­ essence of his idea has been elaborated and that his health in the end did not permit him tional ideals. They help us to be ashamed of incorporated in a report on the future of the to be with us when we made our first at­ our malpractices and to make earnest and Law School which has been submitted to tempt at a collective presentation of our effective efforts to 'change them. Our own President Moos. Only a few weeks ago, we findings at a conference in Brussels last consciences and our desire to appear decent met with colleagues from other departments June. and strong before the world decree that the of the University to discuss this report. Only now is it possible for us to realize battles for 'civil rights' are almost con­ Arnold had just been released from the Hos­ fully how much Arnold has done in the last sistently being won." pital. Yet he read the long report, attended months to help us toward moving our For Arnold Rose, the ideals of the American the meeting and participated in the discus­ project forward in its culminating phase. In Creed, which he equated with the liberal sion. That was the last time I saw him. the collective seminar we have been conduct­ values he cherished, were not utopian or Arnold was equally active in building ing he has been present at every meeting and other-worldly. They were here to shape bridges between law and social sciences on has taken the most active part of any of us in American reality. He always stressed "the the national level. He helped to found the the discussions. None of us then realized dominant role of ideals in the social dynam­ Law and Society Association and served on what such extra efforts must at times have ics of America" and personally acted upon the Editorial Advisory Board of the Law and cost him. His contribution toward our col­ the precepts of that great teacher who, in Society Review published by the Association. lective volume was done weeks ago and he his final lecture, said: His last article--on school desegregation­ has finished a larger monograph on his more "It is not in heaven, that thou shouldest was published in this Review. particular studies during the year. say, Who shall go up for us to heaven, and Arnold Rose saw sociology as a great co­ Just as characteristic of Arnold has been bring it unto us, and make us to hear it, that operative adventure, pursued across many his role in all that involved "the trial for libel we may do it? Neither is it beyond the sea, centuries by men of many races, many faiths with which he became associated two years that thou shouldest say, Who shall go over and many disciplines. He was intensely in­ ago. Nothing could have been further from the sea for us, and bring it unto us, and make terested in the comparative study of the in­ him than a desire to harass anyone. Nor was us to hear it, that we may do it? But the stitutions of different societies and at the he the least concerned about the recovery of word is very nigh unto thee, in thy mouth, time of his death, he was engaged in com­ damages. I recall the token figure-a small and in thy heart, that thou mayest do it." parative cross-national studies in the soci­ fraction of the eventual judgment--which Arnold Rose's involvement in the battle ology of law. he proposed when first deciding to file suit. for civil rights was the most significant, but Because of his efforts and his influence, a I also am sure that he was little moved by not the only one he waged for the realiza­ great deal of our most seminal sociological the idea of a personal vindication-such as tion of the ideals of the American Creed. He thought now revolves about legal problems. has been so richly afforded him both in the was also a champion of the trade unions­ It is no longer possible to describe American verdict of the jury and in the heavy stress not only because they forced American in­ sociology without referring to the sociology on this angle in the findings of the Min­ dustry to share the fruits of its productivity of law. I like to think this was one of the nesota Supreme Court. He must have been as with its workers, but because he felt that reasons the nation's sociologists honored him aware as we were of the puny impact both on trade unions were responsible for the evolu­ by electing him President of the American the academic and the wider community of tion of a rule of law in industry which se­ Sociological Association. the charges against him. What aroused him cured the individual worker's claim to his Arnold Rose lived a full and productive to act--what I am certain was wholly de­ job and thereby gave him a sense of status life. His university and his country are the cisive-was the conviction that his own situ­ and community and independence which better for it. He took to heart the words of ation had become representative of that of made him an American citizen in the fullest the ancient seer: colleagues and of many non-academic per­ sense. sons throughout the land who had become The day is short and the task is great. It victims of such slanders. He fought this It is fitting, too, that the last book Arnold is not incumbent upon thee to complete the Rose published should be devoted to a refu­ whole work, but neither art thou free to battle for us all, and all of us who in some tation of the notion that a small, power elite neglect it. way stood with him saw his fight in that light. controls American public life and obstructs The tasks that Arnold Rose laid down will the realization of American ideals. He wrote always command the dedication of succes­ Arnold Rose was one who met every chal­ with the younger. generation of "new leftists" sors. And his friends know that the most lenge to the end. In the final months of his pa-rticularly in mind, because he felt that dedicated of these is his remarkable wife, life he did all that was humanly possible­ they failed to understand the society they Caroline Baer Rose, who joined him in work­ more than now seems to have been humanly were rejecting. ing with Myrdal in 1942 and remained his possible-to leave all he had ever begun com­ Arnold Rose also fought for American closest intellectual companion and staunch­ plete. Wherever he stood in the ranks of his ideals in the halls of the Legislature -and est supporter until the end. fellowmen he leaves gaps of which· we long January 31, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1729 will be aware. We will not be able to forget aeronautics and space. I urge that our J ackson Hole ski-area, which was opened two him because-we will miss him so greatly. actions here in the Congress this year seasons ago. This extensive complex, situated HAROLD C. DEUTSCH, . will not worsen an already dangerous sit­ 14 miles northwest of Jackson, now has five Professor of History, uation by causing further cutbacks and lodges. University of Minnesota. Even for the nonskier, an eight-minute delays and contmued or accelerated dis­ ride up Mount Rendezvous aboard one of the banding of teams and mothballing of ARNOLD ROSE: INTERPRETER OF H~S TIMES area's twin, 53-passenger tram cars can pro­ facilities built up to give us the power we vide a considerable thrill. The runs on the Arnold M. Rose, University of Minnesota need in this important arena. upper slopes of the 10,400-foot-high peak are sociologist, was known best recently, per­ I find it strange that the President is best left to expert skiers strong enough to h aps, because of his celebrated libel suit cope w!th the powder-filled basins on the against right-winger Gerda Koch. But as is silent on the extremely serious need for this program. mountain 's flanks. However, three double often the case with outstanding men, Dr. chairlifts at lower elevation lead to good Rose may have received less recognition here I personally do not want to see this runs for intermediates and beginners. than he did elsewhere for his real contribu­ Congress create a situation where the tions. Arnold Rose was a nationally promi­ United States could have another Pearl OPENING THE PARKS nent sociologist, especially in the field of race Harbor-in space. In addition, the new Federal policy of relations. opening ever larger portions of the national Dr. Rose got off to a fast start in his p arks to winter visitors is proving as much career in 1944 by helping Swedish sociologist of a snow-season lure in Jackson as the big Gunnar Myrdal produce "An American new ski area. Dilemma," which to this day remains as the Travel in Wyoming Even after the customary 100-inch snow classic work on Negro-white relationships. depths are reached, highway crews will keep He followed with many books of his own, U.S. 26-89- 187 open. This multinumbered continued in a teaching career, served in the HON. GALE W. McGEE road skirts the eastern boundary of Grand legislature and never shied from controversy. OF WYOMING Teton National Park, providing spectacular His death Tuesday means a loss for the com­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES views of the snow-mantled range. munity, the university and the nation-the Roads also will be plowed for two miles loss of one of the country's best interpreters Wednesday, January 31, 1968 beyond park headquarters at Moose, toward of these difficult times in which we live. Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, this is a Jenny Lake, and for nine miles between Moran Junction and Colter Bay, on Jackson time for Congress to move to support and Lake. The Park Service Visitor Center is being foster travel within the United States, kept open, along with the service station and both by foreign visitors and by Ameri­ grocery store at Moose. A Pearl Harbor-In Space? cans taking advantage of the vast array As a result, winter visitors to Jackson can of scenic and recreational offerings our do considerable sightseeing on the fringes Nation has. of Grand Teton National Park from their HON. JERRY L. PETTIS own automobiles or from rental cars available OF CALIFORNIA Travel is, of course, a big business in America. It is a big business in Wyoming, in Jackson. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES where new stress is underway on winter TOURING BY SNOWCAT Wednesday, January 31 , 1968 The south end of the park can be toured activities-not just sports, but sightsee­ in 12-passenger Snowcats, which are tank­ Mr. PETTIS. Mr. Speaker, even if we ing as well. New developments have like vehicles with special treads. Visitors also were to authorize the full amount re­ opened up our tourist areas to more vis­ can rent motorized sleds, called snowmobiles, quested in the President's budget for itors year round. Before long, we in for "convoyed cruises" into the Teton high the National Aeronautics and Space Ad­ Wyoming are hopeful of seeing roads country. ministration this year-$4.37 billion-we through Yellowstone National Park A typical full-day's trip costs $25 a per­ would be marking the fifth straight year opened to wintertime travel. son. Tour members leave Jackson by car at of declining authorization for NASA. In The winter is changing. As Jack Good­ 9:30 A.M. for Shadow Mountain, a sizable man wrote in the Sunday New York dimple within Teton National Forest. fact, the. President's budget request for After a lesson in snowmobile operation, fiscal year 1969 is about $1 billion less Times of January 7, the town of Jack­ members of the snow safari board their indi­ than the authorization granted for fiscal son, in the mountain-rimmed northwest vidual vehicles and follow a pine-guarded year 1964. sector of Wyoming, once drowsed trail to open country atop a series of Even will full authorization, NASA through what was often called a Novem­ ridges. Among the many views are widespread would phase out this year flight testing ber-to-April cocktail party. No longer. ones of the Tetons. Then, after stopping for of the B-70 and the X-15. It would fur­ Mr. Goodman tells why in well-chosen a hot lunch and coffee in a combination words. I ask unanimous consent that lean to and tepee, the sledders complete the ther decrease the rate of production of 25-mile round trip. Saturn I and Saturn V boosters to two they be printed in the Extensions of Remarks. · Properly equipped snowmobile travelers of each per year. It would terminate who wish to t ake off on their own can do the Voyager and a number of other proj­ There being no objection, the article so- if they carry snowshoes or skis, food, a ects earlier than had originally been was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, rope, first-aid supplies, a map a nd a flash­ planned and would reduce or stretch out as follows: light. A permit (free) from Park Service still others, at an unavoidable increase in WINTER SIESTA Is A THING OF THE PAST IN headquarters is required, and the rangers overall costs. THE BUSY TETONS will wa nt to know the itinerary. This is not (By Jack Goodman) good country to be lost in during winter, All this at a time when the activity of wh en nighttime temperatures commonly the U.S.S.R. shows continued increases JACKSON, WYo.-During p ast winters, this hover n ear zero. in aeronautics and space. In fact, the tmountain-rimmed gateway to the Teton Lake-fishing through the ice is permitt ed Russian launch rate increased by 50 per­ country has shifted into low gear to drowse within the park boundaries all season long, cent in 1967. through what one resident has termed "a but snowmobiles a re not allowed in wildlife It is clear that others view the mastery Novemb.er-to-April cocktail hour." When the sanctuaries, such as the bison range near of space and confirmed progress in aero­ surrounding peaks are frosted with snow, the Moran . town's visitor total drops from its summer­ ELK REFUGE nautics as important capabilities to time high of 2,000,000 to fewer than 100,000 build and maintain. I think that we A close-up view of area wildlife, in the hardy souls. form of American elk, or wapiti, is being pro­ should do no less and I am troubled by But the picture is beginning to change, and vided b y members of the J ackson Junior these continuing reductions in our space Jackson may have dozed through its last Chamber of Commerce. For $1, visitors can effort. winter. t ake a sleigh tour of a 23,500-acre elk refuge I am fully a ware of the heavy pres­ Until two. years ago, Jackson's lone ski lift supervised by the United States Fish and sures on Federal spending necessitated was a small-town conveyance attracting Wildlife Service. mostly local skiers. Another inhibiting fac­ by the national fiscal situation and the tor was that the roads leading into nearby Employes at the refuge expect to be feed­ expense of continuing our efforts in Viet­ Grand Teton National Park, and to Jenny ing a herd of 7,000 elk before the winter ends, nam. Therefore, I can realize the need with three crews hauling som~ 30 t ons-of hay and Jackson Lakes, went unplowed during daily to the three major herds. The sleigh for holding. down expenditures in the the winter months. tours of the refuge begin around the middle NASA program. But I hope that the low BETTER CONDITIONS of this mon th and continue operating ·until level of the President's budget request This winter, visitors who m ake the length y April. this year will not be taken as a signal journey to Jackson will find ·both conditions TWO-HORSE SLEIGHS by others, and particularly the U.S.S.R., altered for the better. A major change, of T he over-the-meadows ride aboard old­ that we intend to abandon our efforts in course, is the presence of the $5-million Lsllion ed two-horse sleighs takes a half- 1730 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 31, 1968 hour or so, with a stopover for picture-tak­ mented to combat its _problems. I ask such things as family at the University or ing. The only warmth aboard the sleighs is unanimous consent that the article be other colleges, big-league baseball and foot­ provided by hay and a blanket or two, and so printed in the Extensions of Remarks. ball, basketball tournaments, large conven­ visitors should dress warmly. tions such as Minnesota Education Associa­ Winter access to Jackson Hole and the There being no objection, -the article tion, etc. Tetons has improved, thanks to work com­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, . What, then, is the answer for the smaller pleted on the Hoback Canyon and Snake as follows: ' city in order to reverse this natural trend? River Canyon roads. State and county snow­ MONTEVIDEO'S ANSWER TO ONE SMALLER CITY A study of the Upper Midwest Economic clearing equipment has been augmented. PROBLEM Study by the Research & Development Coun­ Jackson is 270 miles from Salt Lake City (By Roland H. Aaker, executive director, the cil and the Twin Cities Metropolitan Plan­ via U.S. 89. Frontier Airlines provides daily housing and redevelopment authority in ning Commission, completed in 1963, indi­ jet-prop service {rom Salt Lake City for and for the city of Montevideo, Minn.) cated that in general the geographic position $50.40 (round trip). The flight leaves Utah's of Montevideo in its trade area indicates a capital at 10:35 A.M., arriving in Jackson at (EDITOR'S NoTE.-Urban renewal is a sub- tremendous potential for new customers. 11:25. ject of vital importance to farsighted com­ A further study by a real estate research Accommodations at Teton Vlllage, at the munity leaders and the municipal financing corporation team concurred in this finding. base of Rendezvous Peak, range from $5 at industry. In the accompanying article pre­ What would bring in.these new customers? the low-cost hostel to $20 and up for a room pared for Commercial West, an outstandingly Certain it is that the shopping area of at the de luxe Seven Levels Lodge. attractive and promising renewal program is the central business district must be easier Tickets for the chairllft and the tram are interestingly described by one of the key for customers to get to, with a generous priced at $7.50 a day and $4 a half-day. Ski­ men in its planning and implementation. amount of free parking; with streets and week packages are priced from $78.50 to $107, (Author Aaker is chairman of the board of thoroughfares in the CBD allowing less com­ and include lodging, lift passes and two daily the Northwestern State Bank of Montevideo, plicated movement of auto travel and less ski-school lessons. which he has served as a director more than confiict with pedestrian travel. Hotel and motel rooms in Jackson range 25 years.) Couple this with a more attractive, more from $5 to $12 a night, or considerably less Early in 1961 Montevideo's Industrial De­ pleasant area, convenient shoppers' lounges 1f rented for a week or more. velopment Committee started to take action and restrooms, and, in general, you have the on some of the problems confronting the formula of what the city can do to take smaller city. It was generally agreed that care of its present customers and attract new the answers to the problems in Montevideo ones. were twofold: Private enterprise, the retail store, has its Montevideo, Minn. 1. Encourage new industry which would responsibility along with the city. Remodel­ provide new growth, both population and ing both inside and outside will make that dollar-wise. particular store, and the stores in the whole HON. WALTER F. MONDALE 2 . Revitalize the central business district area, inviting. Improved merchandise stock­ OF MINNESOTA shopping area, recognizing that Montevideo's ing will encourage customers to know that IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES major function was as a sales and service they will be able to rely on them to get the community for those people living around variety and type of merchandise they want. Wednesday, January 31, 1968 Montevideo. These local improvements would Industrial Development Corp. of Monte­ Mr. MONDALE. Mr. President, too make the city easier for shoppers to get to, video, in order to achieve this improved, re­ often we in Congress think of urban easier to park in, and more pleasant to vitalized central business district, investi­ shop in. gated, in 1961, urban renewal. Most of the renewal and our other housing and ur­ There were several major factors that were large centers such as Minneapolis, St. Paul, ban legislation as benefiting only the indicated by a thorough analysis which were and Duluth had had programs for a number large center city. In fact, we have geared working against the growth of most smaller of years. many of our programs toward the needs cities and farming communities in Minne­ Montevideo soon discovered that in the of the center city and ignored the prob­ sota. The first of these was the depletion state of Minnesota they were the only ones lems that exist in the smaller, rural com­ process taking place on the smaller farms; that would be making an application of a munity and in the suburbs. 15-20 percent of the small farms had been fair-sized urban renewal program outside of annexed by larger farmers. This brought these major cities. Thus, in August 1961, However, many smaller communities into the area the same amount of income, the mayor appointed :five members of the face blight and economic depression that but lost to the area a vitally important item­ Local Public Authority and the council passed equal in impact the problems of the cen­ people. These people, related to the retail the necessary resolutions to get the people ter city. One of these cities, Montevideo, economy, used food, clothing, cars, ap­ started on an urban renewal program. Minn., has used the urban renewal pro­ pliances, etc., in order to maintain homes. The writer contacted 10 planning firms, gram as a tool to revitalize the commu­ When these people were lost it meant a defi­ seeking one that would have had urban re­ nity. Montevideo was faced with the nite loss of sales of various necessary living newal experience and could handle it in a problems of economic decline and out­ items for Montevideo. smaller community. An Evanston, Ill., firm Forecasters indicate that this loss of people was chosen by the Montevideo Local Public migration. To combat these the city de­ was to cont inue at the rate of approximately Authority. Their studies indicated a need for cided to embark on an urban renewal 2 percent a year until by 1975 one-half--of something less than a $2-m111ion program in project that would emphasize bringing the present farm population would be gone. the whole of the central business district. new industry into the community and Too often the half that left the farm did The federal government would pay % of revitalizing the commercial downtown not move into the smaller communities be­ the cost of this program and the city would area which could serve as a business cause of a lack of jobs or a lack of industry. finance % of the cost. However, Montevideo district for the surrounding rural area. They moved into the largest communities was particularly fortunate in that they had such as St. Paul and Minneapolis, where just completed an enormous amount of river Through the leadership of the mayor, jobs were more plentiful for good-quality :filling in order to establish larger parking the city council, the housing authority, workers. areas in the CBD. The city also had plans for and the community leaders, the city de­ Other factors were encouraging the even­ the establishment of a new street, the build­ veloped an urban renewal plan that was tual blight of the smaller community: ing of a new Plaza lounge-restroom area, and approved by Washington. The executive 1. New fast cars, new improved highways, some extensive storm sewer work. These director of the housing and redevelop­ made it possible for shoppers to more easily plans, coupled with what they had already ment authority, Roland Aaker, guided reach and shop in the Twin Cities. accomplished, comprised enough non-cash the program to the point where it is now 2. Stores in "center" cities were able to credits to furnish the city's % share. stock a greater variety of merchandise in Up through 1966 around 30 blighted, accepted by the community as the cata­ more size variety, and therefore encourage mostly frame, older buildings have been lytic force in the revitalization of Mon­ farmers and small-city shoppers to purchase acquired and demolished. Approximately 50 tevideo. The city has turned its business particularly items that are not as easy to percent of the land thus acquired has been district into a plaza, installed moving buy in the smaller city. A liberal charge re-sold. sidewalks, provided additional parking account policy plus purchasing "on time" The city has now constructed a new W. spaces, planted trees and shrubs, and in­ encouraged large-city shopping. Second St., which allows easier access from stalled new mercury vapor lights to give 3. The local demand of people for the most the north and the south into the CBD and the business district character and to in size and variety encouraged the placement to the free parking areas. The Artigas Plaza of catalogue stores by the big mail order customer lounge and restrooms have been provide it with new spirit. :firms. These firms overcame a previous nega­ constructed by the city. A considerable Mr. President, Mr. Aaker wrote an tive aspect that was detrimental to their amount of storm sewer and ponding area article for Commercial West magazine growth by offering 24-hour service, bulk work has been completed, again by the city. last year in which he discussed the prob­ postage, purchasing on time. Now, during 1967, the major improvements lems of the smaller city and outlined the 4. Besides this, there was the natural · to be taken under the urban renewal program program that Montevideo has imple- attraction toward the big city beCause of are to be completed: January 31, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1731

1. A new modified street-plaza area in the like, if its agreeable with you, to talk about service, America will be a better Nation than core two blocks of First St. (Main St.). In­ the nuts and bolts first, because I think that it has been in the past. cluded will be new patio-type sidewalks; is the the critical part about it. Mr. DALY. Thanks very much. plastic hexagon shelters in bright, attractive The Voice is a much bigger and much more Mr. KEE. Thank you for listening. colors, with plastic and brick seating arrange­ complex operation than I realized when I ments underneath; Artigas Plaza restrooms came into the Director some three or four and lounge area; planters with trees and months ago. We have 92 transmitters, 35 in bushes; midblock pedestrian crosswalk for the United States and 52 overseas, 57 over­ ease in pedestrians' crossing streets. These seas rather and I didn't know, for instance, The U.S. Presence in the Pacific two blocks will be designated as pedestrian that we have tremendous transmitting setups right-of-ways and oars will travel slowly in in Greenville, North Carolina; in Bethany, a one-way traffic pattern. Ohio; in Delano and Dixon in California; in HON. GALE W. McGEE 2. Two moving sidewalks (like escalators) Marathon in Florida, and big installations OF WYOMING attractively covered with white and green overseas in Woverhampton, England; in Mon­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES acrylic plastic, fluorescent-lighted, to convey rovia in Liberia; in the Island of Rhodes people from the lower parking area to the and Thessaloniki in Greece and Kavala in Wednesday, January 31, 1968 First St. shopping area, a rise of about 18 Greece; in the Philippines in two locations, Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, events feet. This lower parking area will comprise in Okinawa and in Ceylon. This is just to have turned the eyes of America to the about 180,000 square feet. give you an idea of how widespread the Pacific, that area of the world in which 3. 101 new mercury vapor lights through­ Voice's activities are in a physical sense. out the entire central business district that Now, we do tell on the· basis which I think we are fighting a war for the third time will provide five-foot candles on First St. is very readily understandable to Americans in a generation. This is highly significant, and over 1 ¥z -foot candles on all other streets, at home the story of America full and true. for, as Roscoe Drummond points out in avenues, and parking areas, with attractive Our ·purpose is really to do as good a pro­ his column published in the Washington new light fixtures on First St. gramming job as we can, generally the way Post today, this is the Pacific era-the 4. Over 300 trees and bushes on First St. the networks operate at home. We have an era in which the three most economically and along all other major streets in the cen­ editorial page, our analyses and our com­ powerful nations are Pacific nations. tral business district. mentaries and, in this case, the employer, the Those nations include, of course, the 5. A completely new street, replacing the owner of the newspaper or the network is the present alleyway, to fac111tate easy traffic United States Government and, through our United States and the Soviet Union. The movement through the entire area. These commentaries and news analyses, we explain, list also includes Japan, whose recovery streets will be complete with new curb, gut­ interpret and as persuasively as we can, pre­ from defeat has been remarkable. tex;, boulevards, sidewalk, and lighting sent the policies of the Government of the U.S. presence in the Pacific, in Asia, fixtures. United States. We also have an entertain­ will undoubtedly be necessary for some 6. New, modern, enlarged, well-lighted ment pattern of programming, which has as time to come. Certainly, this is true in parking areas in close proximity to the shop­ its principal function, as it is true with the Southeast Asia, that corner of the globe ping area (by the city). networks here at home, it has, as its func­ so torn apart by war today. Writing in Several surveys taken throughout the po­ tion, really to get its audience to listen to our tential trade area of Montevideo have indi­ news and to our commentaries and our the Evening Star for Tuesday, January cated that when this urban renewal program analyses. 30, Crosby S. Noyes observed that it is completed, the retail business in Monte­ We have a program, for instance, called seems obvious that a continuing Amer­ video will be increased by a minimum of 15 "Music, U.S.A.," which is done by Willis Con­ ican military force will be needed in percent and a maximum of 30-40 percent. over, who is a master of the jazz medium, and Southeast Asia, even if a truce in Viet­ This wm mean new life and vitality for this this is indigenous American art. Really, we nam is reached, to provide a deterrent thriving western Minnesota city. originated it, and there are something like to a renewal of the war in Vietnam, or It could very well act as a pattern for other 1550 music USA clubs around the world. This smaller Midwest cities that realize they must the outbreak of war in other vulnerable kind of programming, as I say, is meant to nations of that area, such as Laos, Thai­ move forward. draw to us audience. Now, I think probably one thing that your land, or Burma. Indeed, what stability people would be particularly interested in is there is in these nations today is largely that we have this tremendous physical plant. attributable to our presence. The Kee Report: Voice of America­ We broadcast 810 hours every week, but I ask unanimous consent that the ar­ against that, you must recognize that the ticles by Mr. Drummond and Mr. Noyes Special Guest, John C. Daly, Director Soviet Union broadcasts more than 1600 be printed in the Extensions of Remarks. hours a week; Red China more than 1400 There being no objection, the articles hours a week; United Arab Republic in Egypt were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, HON. JAMES KEE more than 900 hours a week, and even lit­ tle Albania does nearly 400 hours a week. as follows: OF WEST VIRGINIA So, we are in a very competitive field and we [From the Washington (D.C.) Post, Jan. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES have to do the job very well if we are going 31, 1968] Wednesday, January 31, 1968 to be able to compete against this vast array UNITED STATES TuRNS ATTENTION, ENERGY TO of others who are propagandizing in the THE PACIFIC Mr. KEE. Mr. Speaker, under leave to main. Ourselves, you see, we inform. I like (By Roscoe Drummond) extend my remarks in the RECORD, I in­ to think of our operation as the United clude a recent public service television States Information Agency, which it is, not TOKYO.-The United States is entering the a propaganda agency. Pacific Era. The full meaning is yet to and radio newscast, "The Kee Report." emerge, but we are turning our vision and John Charles Daly, Director of Voice of Now, how well do we do? It's very hard to measure the audiences. We have to depend our energies and much of our resources to America, is my special guest and will dis­ on mail, we have contests for transistor the Pacific. cuss activities of the Voice of America. radios and we ask for selections to be played It is evident that, while Europe will con­ The report follows: on our music programs. We get about 200,000 tinue to occupy a large part of our national pieces of mail. We do some studies in inter­ concern, we are embracing a substantially THE KEE REPORT Pacific-oriented interest and policy. This is Jim Kee-bringing you the Kee national affairs and we feel we have, in an average week, an audience of roughly 40-45 We are well embarked on it. Report. Despite the pain and uncertainties of Viet­ This week, we are delighted to have as our millions of people and, in crisis, perhaps 80 millions of people. nam, the outlook is more promising than guest, a truly distinguished public servant, most people realize and I am convinced that who is both nationally and internationally At the root of it is we tell the truth and to be significantly involved in the Pacific is respected for his achievements in many fields we let the truth make us free and we hope going to be beneficial to the United States. of news, editing and reporting. free the rest of the world. Why are we, as a people and as a Nation, During these times of international unrest, Mr. KEE. John, your presentation has cer­ becoming deeply concerned and widely in­ we are extremely fortunate to have the dedi­ tainly been most interesting and informa­ volved in the Pacific? Vietnam is only part cated leadership of John Charles Daly, Di­ tive. In the Kee household, you are con­ of it. The larger factors and forces which rector, Voice of America, to direct our vital sidered to be the most articulate man in the draw the United States into the Pacific era effort to combat the propaganda of those in United States, and I have to agree with my are these: foreign lands who are out to destroy the very family. 1-The three most economically power­ life of our Nation. Mr. DALY. Thank you, Jim. ful nations in the world look out on the Now, Mr.· Daly, our audience would be in­ Mr. KEE. John, in conclusion, I would like Pacific and much of their vital national in­ terested to hear from you personally your to say this-that I sleep better at night when terest centers there. They are the United views of the absolute necessity for reporting I p-lace my he·ad on my pillow, because you States, the Soviet Union and that dynamic factual news-the truth of America-to resi­ have given up so much to assume this vital­ newcomer to the front rank of industrial dents of foreign lands. this essential-responsib11ity that you have. nations, Japan. Mr. DALY. Thanks very much, Jim. I would My congratulations, and because o! your 2-Two of these three super-powers-the 1732 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Janu.aTy 31, 1968 United States and Japan-are close, trusted, ence-perhaps a United Nations peace-keep­ States' long-range interests. For although a and interlocked allies. Each Is the other's ing force-will be needed to supervise the certain military. effort will probably be nec­ crucially valuable Asian partner. Our largest truce. essary for a time, the ultimate objective is the national interests are parallel and mutually Yet the need for continuing American mil­ development of regional cooperation among sustaining at every major point. And the itary force in Southeast Asia seems obvious. the countries of Southeast Asia, in which time may come when the Soviet Union will If a truce in Vietnam were once again vio­ both the United States and the Soviet Union find that it has a common stake with the lated, it is highly doubtful that any inter­ can play a useful role. United States and Japan in keeping the peace national brigade could cope with it. A re­ Both countries, after all, have an interest in Asia. spectable American presence would provide in promoting strength and stability in a part 3-America's two newest states, Alaska and the best deterrent to a renewal of the war of the world whose chronic instab111ty has HawaU, are thrust deeply into the Pacific and at Hanoi's convenience. brought them perilously close to a full-scale symoblize the stake which the United States But beyond this, the stability of all of showdown. Both have an interest in curbing has for the stablllty of the Pacific area. Southeast Asia in the postwar period could the ambitions of an emerging great power 4-A fourth potential super-power-Red well depend on the availability of American which will be aimed at Southeast Asia and China-already possessing nuclear arms, also power. As we have seen, the reaction of which could result in a third world war. borders the Pacific. Its conduct, good or bad, China-and of North Vietnam itself-to the For those who look on war as an ultimate provocative or peaceful, profoundly concerns frustration of their ambitions in South Viet­ solution of all problems, this brief survey the other three. nam might well result in redoubled efforts of the post-Vietnam prospect may be dis­ 5-In one generation the United States has to promote the spread of Communist sub­ couraging. For those who look on this war as fought three wars in the Paci:flc and must version into other areas. an exercise in pure fut111ty, it may have ele­ prevent further war. The countries most immediately threat­ ments of hope. The war, even when it is won, I have suggested that the outlook for the ened are likely to be Laos, Thalland and will not bring an end to our involvement in new Pacific era, which is now just opening Burma, which are already under pressure Southeast Asia. And it is time to fix our sights up and soon will be In full tide, is promis­ from "indigenous rebellions" fomented and on the postwar patterns likely to emerge. Ing. There is much evidence that it is. Its supported by Hanoi and Peking. And the centerpiece is Japan. outlook, regardless of what happens in Viet­ Here is a nation which has massively mod­ nam, is for more of the same. ernized itself in a little more than a decade. It has achieved a sustained rate of economic Of all these countries, the prospects for Two Great Health Leaders growth higher than any other country in Laos are most uncertain. Logically, Laos is the world and a gross national product ex­ simply a factor of the Vietnam struggle. The ceeded only by the United States and the fervent hope of all Laos is that once there HON. EDWARD PATTEN U.S.S.R. Its government rests upon strong and is no longer a need for a protected line of J. stable democratic institutions and its un­ communications from North Vietnam to the OF NEW JERSEY matched industrial achievement, including South, the Communists wlll have no more IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the highest standard of 11 ving in Asia, is a interest in this unhappy little country and radiant example of what a free enterprise wlll be content· to leave it alone under a Wednesday, January 31, 1968 economy can do for a people given the oppor­ neutral go~ernment. Mr. PATI'EN. Mr. Speaker, Izaak Wal­ tunity. Th is assumption could b e too optimistic. If the windup of the war in Vietnam should ton wrote that good health is "a blessing But Japan is not the only success story of that money cannot buy." the Paci:flc. There are others and they are open a new chapter of aggression against beginning to show that the momentum and Thailand, Laos would keep its unenviable With their support, many Members of the wave of the future are on the side of the status as an essential line of communica­ the 90th Congress-and previous ones­ non-Communist Pacific nations. South Korea tions and a battlefield. Thailand could helped to develop this blessing, which is is another economic success--and so is Tal­ hardly permit all of Laos to fall to Com­ often taken for granted and abused. But wan. Many thought that neither could sur­ munist control. And the United States the legislative record of two Members in · vive. They are not only surviving; they are wou ld almost inevitably become involved in the health field-one recently deceased thriving both economically and politically. a military effort to prevent this. The headlines are presently focused on the Yet the effort should be made on a small and one to retire this year-was a dis­ unfinished struggle for security and nation­ scale compared to the experience in Viet­ tinguished one. Their strong and dynam­ hood in Vietnam. They should be, but much nam. Thailand and Burma are in a much ic leadership helped improve the health that is extraordinarily promising is in prog­ better position to see to their own defenses, of our Nation. ress, elsewhere in the Paci:flc. Thailand, Ma­ with a minimum of active participation by These unforgettable men, the late U.S. laysia, Burma, the non-Communist part o:f American troops. Both these countries, in Representative John E. Fogarty, Demo­ Laos, and preeminently Indonesia are proving fact, seem determined to avoid the kind of crat of Rhode Island, whose sudden the domino theory in reverse; they are be­ American military effort that has been ginning to stand up on their own feet. Each necessary in Vietnam and with any luck death on January 10, 1967, shocked and is showing a new confidence, a new sense of they should be able to contain the Com­ saddened not only the Congress, but security born, in part, by Arilerica's stand in munist threat with minimum support. America, and U.S. Senator LISTER HILL, Vietnam. The role that Russia is likely to play in Democrat of Alabama, scheduled to re­ I am reporting that ttre Pacific era is with the post-Vietnam period should also lower tire this year, worked sedulously to im­ us, the United States is a part of it, and in the risk of another large-scale war. prove the health of our people. Because its own best interests could not refrain from In Vietnam, Russia, with no great en­ of their departure, the health field will · being a part of it. thusiasm, has been forced to compete with have lost two zealous, dedicated, and China as Hanoi's patron, protector and prl­ compassionate friends almost impossible [From the Washington (D.C.) Star, ma.ry source of supply. Once this affair is to replace. Jan. 30, 1968] resolved, many Far Eastern experts predict .a final and violent break between the Com­ Senator HILL and Representative Fo­ U.S. PRESENCE KEY TO FuTuRt: STABILITY munist giants, leaving the Russians with a garty helped sponsor such far-reaching OF AsiA much freer hand in their Asian policy. measures as an expanded program (By Crosby S. Noyes) The first objective of this new Russian against those three ruthless killers, heart Although the forces of isolationism, play­ policy would certainly be to prevent any im­ disease, cancer, and stroke; the Health ing on the frustrations of the war in Viet­ portant new extension of Chinese influence in nam and our own urgent domestic problems, Southeast Asia . In mllltary terms, the Soviet Professions Educational Assistance Act are stronger in the United States today than leaders would be anxious to avoid a direct improvements, which helped build teach­ at any time since the 1930s, it is unlikely confrontation with China-unless, of course, ing facilities for training of physicians, that they wm shape American policy in Asia the direction of Chinese expansion was north­ public health personnel, and others; the in the postwar period. ward into Russian Siberia. So far as South­ Medical Library Assistance Act; the Whatever form a settlement in Vietnam east Asia is conc.erned, the job of military Mental Retardation Facilities and Com­ may take, a complete American pullout from containment. of China would probably be left munity Mental Health Centers Construc­ Asia is almost unthinkable. If the war simply to the United States, with the Russians con­ tion Act; and several other programs "withers away" as a good many experts be­ centrating on economics to extend and lieve, a sizable American force could remain strengthen their influence. that helped ameliorate the health of the in Vietnam for a long time to come, as it In fact, this process is already under way. American people. has in Korea. The Russians are making serious efforts to As a coauthor of the famous and pop­ If a more formal settlement is reached, rebuild their fences in Indonesia and the ular Hill-Burton Act, which provided involving the withdrawal of North Viet­ Ph1lippines, despite the strongly anti-Com­ Federal funds for construction of hos­ namese forces from the South, the United munist character of the regimes there. It is pitals and clinics-including a grant of States is committed to dismantling its mlll­ already solidly entrenched in India and can An­ tary establishment in Vietnam and pulling be expected to extend aid and trade to other $500,000 for the Roosevelt Hospital its troops out of the country within six countries when the ·fighting in Vietnam nex in Edison, N.J., and funds for sev­ months. But if this happens, it is quite cer­ stops. eral area hospitals and units throughout tain that some other form of mllltary pres- This is not necessarily bad for the United the country-Senator HILL helped 1m- January 31, 1968 · EXTE:N"SIONS -OF REMARKS "1733

prove the health and prolong the lives it is groun~ _ 1lP and_mixed in~ a paste; the · Sentinel .editorial in the Extensions of of many thousands of persons. : paste is _ then, ' _'reconstl~uted" into a _con­ Remarks: In 1965 I was one of several House tinuous band or ribbon, and to accomplish WHosE STATUS Quo? this a few non-tobacco ingredients are added. At the AFL-CIO conventJ:on TUesday night, sponsors ~f legisl~tion that ~tensified : · Homogen~zed tobacco produces a uniform­ the attack against heart disease, can­ the President came out swinging hard. ity of texture that does not occur 1n nature, It was a campaign speeeh 'in the old John­ cer and stroke, and although it is too but this was not the compelling reason for sonian style. soo~ to enjoy all of the gains of this , the switch. It came about because automatic If anyone was wondering whether LBJ promising program, I know it will help machines can handle a continuous ribbon would run again, that was the answer. He save the lives and better the health of better than they can handle individual already was. millions of Americans. These three dis­ leaves, and because less of the tobacco plant In character, he came out not defensively is wasted. Both factors helped to keep costs but on the attack. eases cost the Nation over $31.5 billion down at a time when prices might otherwise a year and the physical and mental tolls With Great Society Texan scorn he labeled have gone right through the roof. Republicans in Congress as "wooden soldiers are incalculable. To find out why cigar boxes are now carry­ · of the status quo.'' What motivated these two great health ing a curiously worded reference to homog­ Republicans are a slow-witted lot, and so leaders to their memorable achieve­ enization, I called the Federal Trade Com­ far they have reacted defensively. Which was ments? Representative Fogarty's philos­ mission. what LBJ expooted of them. ophy was simple, but beautiful: A spokesman there fjaid: "I'm sure you're They have a chance to take the initiative, familiar with the recent trend toward better It's just that I feel that as long as people for a change. labels and fuller disclosure. We've been work­ They could start by looking up the mean­ are sick, something has to be done to make ing with the cigar industry on this, and they them better. ing of "status quo,'' something LBJ appar­ began putting the legend on their boxes vol­ ently neglected to do. It is not 1¥1 obscure, Senator HILL predicts that in the near untarily. The FTC has not issued an official · but a well-worn, oft-used, Latin phrase future, "the world will see a tremendous order on this yet.'' meaning: The existing state of affairs. Next I called New York to talk to an indus­ Are the Republicans in Congress the breakthrough in medical knowledge that try spokesman, but he wasn't very talkative. will enable us to conquer many of the wooden soldiers of the existing state of a!­ He claimed no cred.it for "voluntarily" giv­ fairs? On the record, even as recited by LBJ, dread diseases." Can there be a greater ing the consumer more information, and said they ought to be able to plead not guilty vision or hope than this, Mr. Speaker? he'd mail me a printed statement of the in­ and point an accusing finger at LBJ and his In lamenting his coming retirement, dustry's position. minions. the Washington Daily - News editorial What arrived the next day was a reprint The existing state of affairs is one in which called Senator HILL ". . . a good Sen­ from the United States Tobacco Journal. It the purchasing power of the people's earn­ ator.'' But he has been much more than said that the FTC had "asked" the industry ings and savings has declined to a point to include the legend on its packages. where a dollar can buy only 85 cents worth of that-a truly great leader in the field It added: "Although cigar manufacturers that Disraeli called "the foundation" of goods, compared to when the Democrats took felt that the phrasing of the legend is in­ over the White House in 1961. In that same happiness: good health. adequate-and perhaps even misleading, in span of years, our balance Of payments in that it does not point out definitively that respect to the rest of the world has shown a the us_e of non-tobacco agents is only for deficit each year, to a total of around $18 the purpose of reconstituting natural to­ billion, and the Government's gold reserves Bill Gold on Cigars bacc~major producers agreed to use the have shrunk from around $17 billion to $12.5 legend to acquaint consumers with the use of billion. such tobacco in modern cigar manufacture.'' The status quo is a state of affairs in which HON. JOSEPH M. McDADE So the legend was added "voluntarily" in the crime rate is increasing rapidly: Accord­ the sense that the industry chose its course OF PENNSYLVANIA ing to FBI figures, 16 per cent more crimes without waiting for a Government order. But than last year, and 88 per cent more crimes IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cigar manufacturers have little enthusiasm than in 1960, the last year "wooden soldier" Wednesday, January 31, 1968 for the legend because they're afraid it will Republican Dwight Eisenhower lived in the be misunderstood. White House. Mr. McDADE. Mr. Speaker, I suspect I suspect that they are unnecessarily afraid The status quo is a public debt of $345 that the most relaxed columnist in of both their Government and their cus­ billion, $55 billion more than when the Dem­ America must be Washington's own Bill tomers. ocrats resumed power, and deficits are an­ Gold. I have never met Bill, but he must By the time a man is mature enough to nually rising. be one of the really delightful men in enjoy a good cigar, he has usually learned The status quo is a condition where rioting to wait for facts and avoid half-baked judg­ in the streets and rumpuses on the campuses America, and he certainly has the most ments. fantastic store of interesting information have become commonplace. to amuse all of us. We'll not suggest here that a war unre­ This morning· Bill lit up his favorite solved is also part of the status quo, for that Whose Status Quo? part of LBJ's speech was nonpartisan and he cigar and gave us the benefit. of his think­ did not put all blame on the Republicans. ing and research about that very sub­ We mention those other-unappetizing as­ ject-cigars. For the benefit of my col­ HON. W. E. (BILL) BROCK pects of the existing state of affair~r; alias leagues who may not have read Bill in OF TENNESSEE status quo, only because someone now and the Washington Post, I will insert his IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES then should make a point in loyal opposition. column, with your permission: Wednesday, January 31, 1968 "LEGEND" ON CIGAR BOXES Is VOLUNTARY­ SORT OF Mr. BROCK. Mr. Speaker, I would Several months ago, 13 new words began like to offer for my colleagues' considera­ Soviet Submarine Menace Increases appearing on the boxes in which many tion an editorial which appeared in the brands of cigars are sold. Knoxville News-Sentinel of December The new words quickly became known in 14, 1967. the trade as "the legend." The legend says: HON. CRAIG HOSMER Although I cannot agree with the OF CALIFORNIA "These c~gars are predominantly natural to­ characterization of myself and my fel­ bacco :with a substantial amount of_ non­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tobacco ingredients." - low Republicans as a "slow-witted lot," The type size is quite small, and although it does seem as· if we were a rilite lax Wednesday, January 31, 1968 I smo~e cigars regularly I did not notice the in pointing out that we are anything but Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, the fol­ legend until Frank H. Sickler of 1401 S. defenders of an administration manu­ lowing address was delivered by myself Barton st., Arlington, called it to my atten­ factured "status quo." tion. on January 25 on the occasion of the Those of us who are likely to find our­ commission of U.S.S. Gato-SSN 615: Frank wondered how much is "substan­ . selves the targets of further verbal tial," why had non-tobacco ingredients been · abuse-frantic efforts to cover and shift REMARKS OF CONGRESSMAN CRAIG HOSMER, introduced, and who had ordered the legend the blame for the crttical nature of the OF THE JOINT COMMITTEE ON ATOlY.UC EN­ to be printed on the package~. ERGY, AT THE COMMISSIONING CEREMONIES I knew the answers to the first two ques­ Great Society's "status quo," might do OF THE u.s.s. "GATO," SSN 615, GROTON, tions. Several years ago, manu~acturers both ourselves and our c_ountry a great CONN., JANUARY 25, 1968 began switching to "homogen~ed" tobacco, service by ~uming th~ offensive p()Se This ship bear~ a name made proud dur­ and it-is now used in more than 80 per cent which the News-Sentinel urges. -ing World War II by her predecessor which of our cigars. When tobacco is homogenized, I include these remarks and the News- earned- the Presidential - Unit Citation for 1734 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 31, 1968 destroying · over 26,000 tons of Japanese terms of the changing threat. It is absolutely It has been rumored that Nauru wlll shipping. incredible to me that our nuclear submarine not apply for membership in the United Like her predecessor, the United States building program should be grinding to a Ship Gato commences her commissioned halt at the very moment the dangers around Nations organization when it receives service at a time of national peril. As in us so obviously multiply. It must be com­ its independence. I do not know whether December, 1941, when the first Gato was forting to the Russians-though somewhat to be disappointed or pleased. It is a commissioned, we face clear and present puzzling to them as it is to me-that we fascinating speculation: If they join the danger. should stop competing just as they start to organization, would the 6,048 inhabitants But it is a vastly different kind of threat compete. of Nauru nullify the vote of the 200,000,- today. And our course of action is nowhere True, we still have a numerical advantage 000 people of the United States, or would near as clear as it was then. over them. But they know it. They know Each of us shares the hope that this what they must do about it. And, obviously they void the vote of the 232,000,000 sub­ Gato always will sail in smooth waters and they are doing it. jects of the Soviet empire? will never be called upon to fight fire with I am certain that very soon, as the Con­ A most hearfelt welcome to the new na­ fire. But if she is, we also share an absolute gress again reviews the Nation's defense pos­ tion of Nauru and an equally heartfelt confidence that the Gato will ferret out the· ture, there will be m any pointed questions prayer that the 42,000,000 people of enemy and her weapons will find their marks asked on this issue. The now static numbers Ukraine will someday have equal cause with devastating accuracy. 41 and 68 may be considerably enlarged. for rejoicing with the Nauruans. For the Gato is the thirteenth and finest For nuclear powered ships like the Gato in her class of submarines designed to fight can keep the peace and protect our freedom submarines. Her nuclear propulsion system only when numbered in rational relation to gives her virtually unlimited endurance and the threat. In those sufficient numbers they independence. She will run fast, silent and can accomplish this mission with far greater George Low-Houston deep. Her detection capabilities and arma­ assurance than all the treaties and diplo­ ments represent the latest in submarine matic maneuvering ever known. weapons systems. The American people believe this. That is HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE This ship and her sisters are the finest why they willingly pay the billions of dol­ OF TEXAS products of the naval shipbuilding art ever lars these :fleets cost. They know that cos~ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fabricated. The officers and men who man if paid in freedom-would be far larger than her are the most carefully selected, the best if paid in dollars. Wednesday, January 31, 1968 trained and educated, and the most highly In closing let me pay tribute to a great motivated naval seamen the world has ever American patriot who is more responsible Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, known. Crew and ship together represent than any other for the excellence of both the the January 14 edition of the Cleveland the furtherest advance of naval power in all ships and the men of our Nuclear Navy. He Plain Dealer carried an article by Wil­ history. Each ls a fitting match for the other. is the man whose "close but benevolent su­ liiam Barry Furlong on Mr. George Low, But ln matching them we must under­ pervision" for many years has made it pos­ Deputy Director .of the Manned Space­ stand and appreciate that for all the bril­ sible for these strong ships to sail swiftly and craft Center in Houston. Under leave to liant design and engineering, and painstak­ for their magnificent crews to sail safely on extend my remarks in the RECORD, I wish ing labor which went into this ship, the their missions. This nation owes deep grati­ Gato is-after all-an inanimate weapo~. She tude to Vice-Admiral H. G. Rickover. to include thi-s article about a man who lacks what these men have-courage, re­ It has been an honor to participate with has virtually grown with our space sourcefulness, pride, faith and patriotism. you in commissioning this proud ship. agency and whose assignmeillt with our And it is these ingredients which are the Smooth Sail1ng. Godspeed. Apollo program is one of the most im­ power and heart of the Navy, indeed, even portant, if not the most important task of our country. These men make this ship effective as one within NASA today. of the basic components of United States The article follows: national power. And that power, to niy way Nauru and Ukraine HIS ASSIGNMENT: Fix THE APOLLO of thinking, is one of the few guarantees of (By William Barry Furlong) peace and freedom left for mankind any­ HON. HAROLD R. COLLIER I-t was 6:31:03 p.m. at Cape Kennedy when where on this small planet. the test turned into disaster. For so long as the attack submarine Gato OF ILLINOIS Seconds later George M. Low got the mes­ and her nuclear powered sisters can exhibit IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a credible ready posture for the immediate sage by phone: "There's a fire in the space­ and total destruction of any potential en­ Wednesday, January 31, 1968 craft." Low was working late at his desk in emy's submarine force-for that length of the NASA Manned Spacecraft Center at time the aggressor must pause in the course Mr. COLLIER. Mr. Speaker, next week Houston. He rushed to mission control cen­ of his aggressions. The Soviet Union sees this the island of Nauru will join the family ter and took up the melancholy vigil. The truth only too clearly. It is engaged in a of independent nations. This will cause date was Jan. 27, 1967-when the American massive effort to rapidly expand its nuclear great rejoicing among the 6,048 people space program, and the lives of thousands of submarine fleet, attempting to overcome the who occupy the coral ·atoll's 8% square persons connected with it, were transformed. deadly sting of ours. Three astronauts lost their lives, a decade miles. While I wish the people of Nauru of steady progress seemed jeopardized, and Within the recent past the Soviet Union well as they assume their place among has made it clear she intends to establish a the three-man Apollo spacecraft on which more dominant role throughout the world the 60 some countries that have secured the nation's lunar exploration depended had for her Navy. The increased presence of her their freedom during the last two dec­ flunked a vital test without once leaving :fleets in the Mediterranean and South Atlan­ ades, I cannot help but think of the Ea.:rth. George Low drew the toughest assign­ tic are clear manifestations of this change in double standard that prevails. ment in the space program: Fix the Apollo, policy. High Soviet officials boast openly of When World War II ended, there were and try to salvage America's commit­ the capabilities of their nuclear submarines loud calls for the end of colonialism and ment for a manned landing on the moon by and their naval experts talk repeatedly of incessant demands for the breaking up of 19'70. having 80 to 100 nuclear submarines in serv­ Today he's well on his way. Successful ice by 1975. the British, French, Dutch, and Belgian launching of the Saturn 5, the world's largest There is no question that they have made Empires. The map of the Old World un­ rocket, put the bounce back into NASA's their nuclear submarines a major national derwent a metamorphosis as scores of step. North American, the builder of the effor~not only in quantity but in quality. new nations emerged in Asia, Africa, and Apollo spacecraft, is moving toward deliver­ To my mind our lack of response to this the islands of the seas. ing the first model for a manned flight in burgeoning threat is foreboding. The size of While I have joined in the welcome mid-1968. President Kennedy's mandate to our Polaris :fleet, 41 ships, and the projected land on the moon by 1970 is far from sure of size of our nuclear powered attack subma­ that has been extended to these new accomplishment, but the job is not impos­ rine fleet, about 68 ships, was in the making countries, my joy has been tempered &ible. as long as a decade ago. The numbers were somewhat when I note the absence of Low is a veteran of the space program. He pickeci. to meet the threat of those years. similar demands for a restoration of the was there the day the civilian space agency They were fixed long before the Soviet Union freedom that was briefly enjoyed by the was created. In the nine years before the expanded i.ts naval operations around the people of Ukraine. It was 50 years ago spacecraft fire he had been one of the key world and before it accelerated its nuclear this week that the Ukrainians estab­ administrative men in NASA and rose to submarine construction program. They were lished their own nation. Unfortunately, the job of deputy director of the Manned fixed before the Chinese posed a nuclear Spacecraft Center, the Houston complex threat, before France undermined NATO their freedom proved to be ephemeral where the astronauts train and their mis­ and before Great Britain abdicated as a when the land was divided among the sions are planned. world power. Soviet Union, Poland, Rumania, and Iri. a sense, the Apollo disaster brought Many in Congress share my concern that Czechoslovakia as a result of the settle­ him a step down the ladder; Low moved out these numbers have not been re-evaluated in ments that followed World War I. of the ninth floor executive sUite atop the January 31, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1735 MSC command building into the suitcase­ water skiing to serving up pancakes for The primary achievement of the First Ses­ and-airliner life of a troubleshooter. But few breakfast. "He makes spectacular pancakes," sion was the beginning of an economy drive men in America carried the responsibility or says his ·wife, Mary-R. (a long-standing con­ to cut the extravagant Federal spending wielded the resources of Low in his new traction for Mary-Ruth). which has forced our national economy into job as manager of the Apollo Spacecraft On weekdays, Low rises very early and an ever-upward inflationary spiral. Project. cooks his own breakfast. "He's ready to go at BUDGET REQUESTS SLASHED He had a massive budget-at least $1 bil­ 5 or 5:30 in the morning," says Mary-R, with lion the first year. He had a massive work awe if not admiration, "while I need two cups In its budget message a year ago, the Ad­ force-400 on his personal staff, 3,500 NASA of coffee just to get going." ministration requested appropriations from men and women working on the spacecraft "I think that's when he decided he could the Congress totalling over $133 billion for project in Houston, at least 100,000 more do as well making his own breakfast in the fiscal year 1968. Actual appropriations by the persons employed by the contractors build­ morning," says Mary-R. 90th Congress for 1968 came to just $127.5 ing the Apollo spacecraft and its components. Before George goes to the office he runs at billion. Total appropriations for fiscal year Yet the challenge and change was in getting least a mile every morning. 1968 were well over one billion dollars less his hands dirty once again as a do-it-your­ His involvement with the Apollo spacecraft than for fiscal 1967. self engineer. and its details is only one more step in a In addition to the cuts, the Congress called "I'm a dirty-hands engineer," said Low. He lifetime that has been played out in the long for further economies by passing a resolu,­ is a low-keyed man who speaks with only shadow of history. George Low was not quite tion forcing the President to cut expendi­ the faintest hint of his native Vienna. in his teens when Adolf Hitler and the Nazis tures by over $4 billion. The economy drive Low's task of rebuilding the Apollo has took over his homeland, Austria. Shortly extended to all areas of Federal spending, turned out to be as complex as a knitted thereafter, he and his family came to the with most drastic cuts coming in the area United States. They settled in upper New of non-essential domestic spending. Although shoelace, as arcane as space itself. For weeks these cuts were a step in the right direction, and months after the fire experts sifted York State; his mother still has a farm there. But he knew his hope and his destiny was the budget must be cut even further for through the charred rem&.ins of the space­ fiscal 1969. craft. not on the farm. "It never occurred to me Among their many disturbing discoveries: that I wanted to be anything but an engi­ TAX SURCHARGE PROPOSAL DELAYED A head for a ratchet wrench lying next to neer," he says. The bi-partisan effort to cut back on in­ burnt-out wiring; it might have contributed He went to Rensselaer Polytechnic Insti­ flationary Federal spending was boosted by to a short-circuit. (An Apollo contractor was tute in Troy, N.Y.-though his schooling was delay of the proposed 10 percent surcharge warned to clean up the sloppy workmanship interrupted by a hitch in the Army-and ul­ income tax. Members of the House Ways and of its employes.) timately got his master's degree in aeronau­ Means Committee wanted solid proof that They studied the character and quality of tical engineering there. He went to work for the Administration would cut back spending the tens of thousands of devices,· made of NACA-the precursor of NASA-in Cleve­ in all areas to guarantee that the tax in­ 2500 different materials, in the spacecraft. land. The research projects he embarked on crease would not go to finance new, infla­ Each of the materials was tested to see if it there ultimately were to carry him to the tionary programs. was combustible, not only in the normal at­ top levels of manned space fight. In his State of the Union message for 1968, mosphere but in the vastly different 100% He can remember the night the Russians the President once again made a desperate oxygen atmosphere of the spacecraft-in­ had launched their first Sputnik on Oct. 4, plea for an income tax surcharge. But he in­ operation. Anythi11.g flammable in that spe­ 1957: he was on his way to the family's sum­ creased his spending program by exactly the cial atmosphere that might be carried on mer cottage at Attwood Lake, 0., and was amount that it is estimated the tax increase board by the astronauts-i.e., plastic food passing through a small town when he heard would net the treasury. Such false economy containers, spare material for on-board cal­ the news on the radio. "It seemed obvious would indicate further delays in passing any culations-is now stored in fireproof con­ to me that we were beginning a new era," he tax surcharge in the Second Session of the tainers. The aluminum plumbing that carried says. Within weeks, he was asked to go to 90th Congress. pure oxygen through the cabin was replaced Washington-temporarily-to help set up FISCAL CRISIS LOOMS LARGE IN COMING with stainless steel tubing. Eventually, to the first manned spaceflght program, Project LEGISLATIVE SESSION Mercury. He never returned to Cleveland. test all these changes, an unmanned space­ Once again the status and amount of craft would be deliberately set afire and Somewhere in the pursuit of knowledge, painstakingly analyzed before the first Low thinks and hopes the young men of the Federal spending and protection of the dol­ future will remember to supplement their lar's strength appear to be the main issues launching of a manned Apollo-Saturn 5 facing the Congress. rocket. theoretical knowledge with a practical do-it­ To Low, the significant changes were not yourself dirty-hands involvement with de­ In the photo to the right [not printed in simply in the spacecraft, but also in his own tails. For George Low stands witness to the RECORD] I am discussing our national mone­ career. fact: A man can rise as high in the U.S. tary situation with William McChesney Mar­ "I went from 'general' management to space program as his mind-and his hands­ tin, Jr., the Chairman of the Federal Reserve 'project' management, which is the opposite can lift him. Board. way people usually go," he says. As deputy di­ Devaluation of the pound has put serious rector of the Manned Spacecraft Center, he strains on the dollar. It is up to this Con­ was responsible for "looking at a large num­ gress to protect the savings and wages of all ber of things-the various programs, their Budgeting Our· National Funds Americans from a similar reduction in spend­ budgets and the emphasis those budgets re­ ing power which might be caused by inter­ flected, the manpower, the future, the total na tiona! and domestic pressures. resources available for the various projects." HON. WENDELL WYATT ISSUES FACING CONGRESS IN 1968 But when he became manager of the Apollo OF OREGON Many issues of great importance will come Spacecraft Project-as the man specifically before the Congress for action this year. delegated to rescue a bad situation-he be­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Of utmost importance will be the tax sur­ came responsible "for bringing a single, Wednesday, January 31, 1968 charge proposal and its relation to overall specific job to completion." To be sure, the government spending. Once again I, along scope of the program demanded a massive Mr. WYATT. Mr. Speaker, the manner with many of my colleagues in the House of administrative talent, but "it had the effect in which the Federal funds of this Na­ Representatives, will have to see tangible of bringing up more in the way of engineer­ tion are budgeted and spent is a matter evidence of an effort by this Administration ing." of concern to every taxpayer in the to honestly reduce non-essential spending The change had no apparent physical or United States. The administrative budget before I will consider any tax increase mental effect on George Low. Now 41, he is program. still slim and straight. For lunch, he has only for fiscal year 1969 is now a matter of record. The way in which we in the Con­ The Vietnam War is certain to be before Sego at his desk .. He matches the basic us as an ugly spectre through supplemental specifications of a top-line space executive gress deal with this budget is still to be appropriations, defense spending bills and in and communicates a feeling of being solid, determined. a thousand other ways. dependable, not yet eroded by memories of I have devoted the bulk of my January Legislation to help local police deal with other days. He has an unexcelled theoretical newsletter to the problems involved in the growing menace of crime in the. streets competence in supersonic flight. He has un­ congressional handling of this budget. I is another important matter on which the rivaled experience in the bureaucracy of Congress must legislate this coming year. space. present it here for the inspection of my colleagues: An Administration request for a "Safe In the weeks and months after he took over Streets" Act which would have, in effect, the Apollo spacecraft program, Low devoted FIRST SESSION, 90TH CoNGRESS, STARTS created a Federal police force under the 12 to 16 hours a day, six days a week, to his ECONOMY DRIVE Attorney General was scrapped by the House job. "I try· to make it a rule not to work on With the First Session of the 90th Con­ last session in favor of a bill to aid local Sundays," he says. "i keep Sunday for going gress behind us and with the Second Ses-­ police throur;·h block grants to states. to church and playing with the kids." He has sion just underway, it ·seems an appropriate This legislation remains to be passed by five children, ranging in age from 4 years old time to take a look at what was accomplished the Senate and then a compromise between to 15 and they adore the elaborate manner he in the last sessipn and what can be expected the two versions worked out. Oregonians will does. everything for them on Sunday, from for the coming year. be directly affected by such a law, since th.e 1736 EXTENSIONS OF . REMARKS January 31, 1968 crime rate for the State of Oregon is one "strong support." Legislation, which has long highway; and second, because any new plants of the ten highest in the nation. awaited the green light, is designed to end which are established here attract more and CODE OF ETHICS FOR HOUSE URGED the tax exemption privilege for bonds issued more. That was the story on Route 128, and it by state and local governments to finance . will be the story on 495. It will not come Each body of the Congress is, under the private industrial facilities. overnight, but it will come and faster than Constitution, the judge of the conduct of The interest on so-called "municipal" many may be expecting. its Members. For too long now the conduct bonds is exempt from federal income taxes. For the benefit of all concerned in the of Members of the House of Representa­ This concession permits state and local gov­ development of Route 495 as an industrial tives has been subject to open debate, with ernments to borrow funds at lower interest factor, special attention should be given to no rules for guidance. In the last session I rates than apply to other bonds, including the comment made along with the announce­ introduced the strongest House ethics bill securities of the federal government. ment of the Raytheon facility, to the effect ever. It would establish a rigid, exemplary The tax-exempt privilege, however, has that the key factor in the decision to locate code of ethics for Representatives. Once been abused by states and local governing in Hudson was "the extremely co-operative again this session I will work for its early units which seek to lure industry from other. attitude" of the people of that town. enactment. sections of the country. They do this by With 85 miles of Route 495 on which to RIVER DIVERSION STILL HAUNTS NORTHWEST building plants with the public's money, locate, industrialists are not going to plan Very early in this session the House In­ then leasing the facilities to private com­ for establishing plants in areas where there terior Committee will hold hearings on the panies. In effect, this is private borrowing is any organized opposition. Colorado River Basin Project. This expansive without interest charges. As we have stated many times, if the popu­ proposed project holds the menace of diver­ Still another abuse which the legislation lation growth in this area comes up to the sion of Northwest water to arid Southwest would eliminate are "arbitrage" transactions expectations of experts, we are going to need areas. by which local governments sell tax-exempt many new industries, businesses etc. to pro­ As a member of the Interior Committee it bonds and reinvest the proceeds in higher­ vide work for the people who will be living will be part of my job to see that no studies yielding securities. Arbitrage deals are, as right in the Greater-Lowell area. of water diversion limited to the Northwest the Treasury describes them, "a clear distor­ are passed as part of this legislation. A bill tion" of tax immunity. to establish a National Water Commission Anti-arbitrage legislation is likely to have was passed by the House last session, but a an easier road through Congress than meas­ Mrs. Flossie J. Chestnut, South Carolina compromise with the Senate has not yet ures against the industrial facility bonds been reached. which have enjoyed a rapid growth in recent Career Woman of the Year The National Water Commission bill pro­ years in more than half the states. For ex­ vides for study of the water needs of all ample, the bill faces opposition in the House areas of the United States for economic de­ Ways and Means Committee whose chair­ HON. JOHN L. McMILLAN velopment and growth. Such a study could man, Wilbur Mills, comes from Arkansas. OF SOUTH CAROLINA This state has been a leading seller of indus­ very conceivably show that Oregon and the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Northwest will need every ounce of water trial bonds. they have in t:ae not too distant future. While there's some question about the Wednesday, January 31, 1968 legislation's reception by the tax-writing DMSO, NEW DRUG LEGISLATION DRAFTED cominittees of both houses, there's no doubt Mr. McMILLAN. Mr. Speaker, we peo­ The U.S. Food and Drug Administration about the need of its enactment. The tax­ ple in South Carolina and especially in has been arbitrarily holding up testing of exempt system was devised to help state arid my congressional district are highly the drug dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for over local governments to borrow money for legit­ pleased to learn of the great honor re­ two years now. The drug, whose medical imate needs at the lowest possible cost. cently bestowed upon Mrs. Flossie J. properties were discovered by two doctors at With prevailing tight money and high Chestnut of Cherry Grove Beach. the University of Oregon Medical School in interest rates, borrowers are having a diffi­ Portland, is a by-product of the pulp and cult time as it is without unfair competi­ Mrs. Chestnut has been selected as paper industry, and has been found effective tion from local governments financing in­ woman of the year by the South Carolina in treating arthritis and many other skin dustrial sites. Federation of Business and Professional ·and joint diseases. Women's Clubs. We all know this is a I have time and time again sought fair great honor and I, personally, want to evaluation and treatment of DMSO from Dr. join Mrs. Chestnut's host of friends on James Goddard, Commissioner of the Food Raytheon Co. To Locate New Plant in congratulating her for the fine service a.nd Drug Administration, to no avail. Evi­ she has been rendering the citizens of our dence shows that the F.D.A. has persecuted Hudson, Mass. this and other new drugs. I am presently in State as a member of the Business and the process of preparing legislation which Professional Women's Club. would entirely remove the F.D.A. from juri3- I do not know of any person in my con­ dict~on over new drug applications, and place HON. F. BRADFORD MORSE gressional district that deserves this hon­ them with the National Academy of Sciences OF llllASSACHUSETTS or more than Mrs. Chestnut and I am for evaluation and decision. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES certain all her friends are extremely proud to learn that she has been selected Wednesday, January 31, 1968 woman of the year for our State. Mr. MORSE of Massachusetts. Mr. A summary of Mrs. Chestnut's accom­ Closing a Loophole Speaker, the extent of the recovery plishments follow: of the Greater Lowell, . Mass., area MRS. FLossm J. CHESTNUT, SOUTH CAROLINA from the economic difficulties of the CAREER WOMAN OF THE YEAR HON. JOSEPH G. MINISH 1950's was symbolized last week by Mrs. Flossie J. Chestnut has been na:rned OF NEW JERSEY the decision of the Raytheon Co., to State Career Woman of the Year by the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES locate a new plant along Route 495 in South Carolina Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs. Announcement Wednesday, January 31, 1968 Hudson, Mass. To a large extent this kind of growth has been made possible of her selection from a field of 26 entries Mr. MINISH. Mr. Speaker, I am was made at the Eighth Annual Educational by the development of the Interstate Conference of the Federation which was held pleased to call to the attention of our Highway System, and by the determina­ at the University of South Carolina at Co­ colleagues an excellent editorial in sup­ tion of the Greater Lowell area to get lumbia on January 27 and 28. port of legislation sponsored by me to back on its economic feet. The Lowell Flossie Johnson Chestnut is a native and end the tax-exemption privilege for Sun discussed· the significance of the lifelong resident of Horry County and pres­ bonds issued by State and local govern­ Raytheon decision in an editorial which ently makes her home at Cherry Grove Beach. ments to finance private industrial fa­ appeared on January 2~ · I include the She began her business career in 1948, cilities. The editorial "Closing a Loop­ when she became secretary for the Cherry editorial in the RECORD, t~.s follows: Grove Realty Company, where she continues hole," which appeared in the Newark GooD NEWS to be employed as saleswoman and office Sunday News of January 28, 1968, co­ Announcement by Raytheon Co. of its manager. She qualified for her license as an gently cites the case for correcting this plans to erect a multi-m111ion dollar manu­ insurance broker in 1950 and as a real estate serious abuse of the tax exemption facturing facility on Route 495 in Hudson broker in 1962. In applying for the latter granted to State and municipal govern­ is good news for Lowell and the other com­ license, her extensive and diversified e?Cpe­ ments: munities in this area. rience in the real estate field enabled her to CLOSING A LOOPHOLE It is good news for two reasons: One is pass the two South Carolina Real Estate Congressional efforts to close one of the that many of ·the 5000 eventual employees Board examinations in one stage rather than most conspicuous loopholes in the tax struc­ will come from this section, which is only a in the customary two stages normally re­ ture have finally received the U.S. Treasury's relatively few Ininutes away via· the super- quired of applicants for such licenses. This January 31, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1737

same experience made it unnecessary for her The thought of a "worldwide brain" elec­ AGRARIAN REFORM IN THE REPUBLIC 011' to serv.e the usual year's apprenticeship re­ tronically devised, or' cburse, is near the VIETNAM quired of appli~nts before th~ issuance of realm of possibility. It needs, most of all, A nationwide campaign was launched in their final license. agreement of ·governments to participate. the Republic of Vietnam recently in order to Her professiona;l stature has been en­ When the nations of the world learn to get push forward the implementation of a vast hanced by her service as president of the along with each other, the time for sharing land reform program. -A National Congress Grand Strand Board of Realtors, of which she of knowledge will be at hand. on Agrarian Reform was opened in Saigon is now a director, as wen as membership on Leonard H. Marks, director of the U.S. on January 18, 1968 by President Nguyen the South Carolina Boord of Realtors. Information Agency, believes the day is not Van Thieu. Besides pointing out the false Mrs. Chestnut is now serving her second far off when man, because of this tremen­ promises of the communists· on land reform term as an elected member of the City Coun­ dous growth of electronic communications, and the difference between the communist cil of Cherry Grove Beach. She has been a can plug his mind into the minds of millions approach of forced expropriation and col­ director of the Greater Myrtle Beach Cham­ of others. lectivization, and our approach respecting ber of Commerce and a past president of Two communications satellites over the the basic rights of people, the President put the Wampee-Little River Parent-Teacher Atlantic and two over the Pacific, he says, particular emphasis upon the necessity of Association. could provide the nucleus of a world infor­ pervasive social reforms. Said he: In addition, she is a charter member of the mation grid through which the knowledge "We know that the communists can only Grand Strand Business and Professional and cui ture of one people could be shared take root wherever there are injustice and Women's Club and since'its founding in 1954 with others throughout the world. Already destitution. We also know that economic in­ has held the offices of cox:respondip.g secre­ through shortwave radio, computers of justice is always followed by political in­ tary, first and . second vice president and Argentine engineers "converse" with com­ justice. If we are successful in building an president. She now occupies _an office at the puters at the Massachusetts Institute of equitable economic system, then political state level of the Federation of Business and Technology. democracy would by itself emerge and de- Professional Women's Clubs as State Per­ The British Medical Association gets com­ velop." · sonal Development Chairman. · puter tapes by mail which pluck from the President Thieu also emphasized that the Mrs. Chestnut has become closely identi­ National Library of Medicine in Washington program of land reform is an important and fied in the minds of the residents of her the medical information it gleans from ab­ key element in national policy, aiming at community with the campaigns to raise stracts of thousands of medical articles. revolutionizing society and fostering democ­ funds for the use of various organizations in Satellites, extended microwave .relay net­ racy, justice and humanitarianism, and that eombating disease at the local and national works and other electronic marvels will it should be an integral part of rural re­ level. She has served for a number of years vastly extend the range of this information construction. Stressing on the importance as chairman of the Cherry Grove Beach exchange. But there are some hitches. of the program he declared: Heart Fund, for which she recently received a For one thing, without the cooperation of "We must clearly recognize that the task citation, as well as chairman of Cancer and the world's governments, information sent of land reform is a critical necessity created March of Dimes drives, and actively partici­ whizzing around the earth would go un­ by our special situation, a key task which pated in other similar fund-raising activi­ tapped. Governments would have to agree could not be neglected .... Even if we are ties. to receive it, and many do not want outside now able to defeat the communists and re­ In recognition of her numerous and varied knowledge to reach their people. For an­ store peace, but are not able to erase condi­ activities, Mrs. Chestnut was recently se­ other, so much information is being accu­ tions of injustice and destitution suffered by lected for inclusion in the publication, "Out­ mulated today that its undirected dissemi­ the majority of our countrymen, I am certain standing Civil Leaders of America." nation could boggle man's mind with the that such a peace will neither endure nor Mrs. Chestnut is the wife of Charles E. sheer weight of a million facts. prosper." Chestnut and the mother of three children. There are potential solutions, but none Commenting on the agrarian reform pro­ She is an active member of the congregation readily available for uncooperative govern­ gram of the government, Mr. Ton That Trinh, of the Chapel by the Sea, an interdenomina­ ments. There is only the hope that each Minister of Agriculture and Land Reform, tional church for which she acts as treas­ exchange of knowledge that slips past the stressed that its primary aim is to help land urer. Prior to her affiliation with the Chapel, gate will open it a little wider until the day tmers become land owners. For this purpose, she served for eleven years as volunteer sec­ arrives when a flood of information will a Land Bank is being established to provide retary for the First Baptist Church at Ocean break down the barriers. low-interest loans to needy farmers who wish Drive Beach. to acquire land. Mr. Trinh also declared that Mrs. Chestnut is an outstanding example the government will expedite the redistribu­ of the tene·ts of the Federation of Business tion of government and expropriated surplus and Professional Women's Clubs in that she Agrarian Reform in Republic of Vietnam lands to the landless, a task which so far has is ever mindful of her "responsibility to the been lagging due to the shortage of cadres business world, the opportunity to uplift, and the unstable political situation until and the everlasting need to be kind." HON. LESTER L. WOLFF recently. Finally, the Minister appealed to friendly OF NEW YORK countries for assistance in this land reform IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES program which aims at making Vietnam self­ "Worldwide Brains"-Tbe Troy, N.Y., Wednesday, January 31, 1968 sufficient in its food requirementS in the near future. Times-Record Comments on a Predic­ Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, I have on Practical measures are now being worked tion of Leonard H. Marks, Director, several occasions taken the floor of the out for an early and vigorous implementation House to call attention to a serious lack of the agrarian reform program. U.S. Information Agency of effort on the part of the Government of South Vietnam to enact much needed reforms in that war-embattled nation. HON. JOHN BRADEMAS In my several visits to that country dur­ Remarks of Robert Moses at a Memorial OF INDIANA ing the past 4 years I have found that in Dinner in Honor of Charles A. Buckley, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES spite of our massive military and civilian Imperial Ballroom, Hotel Americana, Wednesday, January 31, 1968 aid programs we were not effectively providing the people of South Vietnam January 18, 1968 Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr: Speaker, I insert with sufficiently meaningful goals to en­ in the RECORD a most interesting edito­ courage them to stop providing a sanctu­ rial published in the November 29, 1967, ary for the Vietcong. One reform that HON. JOHN M. MURPHY issue of the Troy, N.Y., Times-Record was lacking had been real land reform. and entitled "Worldwide Brains." OF NEW YORK I wish to call to the attention of my col­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The editorial comments on a recent leagues a statement I received from the statement by the distinguished director Embassy of Vietnam, which carries an Wednesday, January 31, 1968 of the U.S. Information Agency, Leonard excerpt of a most important · statement Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr. H. Marks, concerning the possible devel­ by President Thieu regarding the new Speaker, Robert Moses, chairman of the opment of a worldwide computer net­ steps he has urged his government to Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority work which would make far easier the take regarding this vital matter. I hope of New York, addressed a memorial din­ sharing of knowledge. that it is pursued with vigor and deter­ ner in honor of our former colleague The editorial follows: mination. It· is positive action such as Charles A. Buckley on January 18 in New WORLDWIDE BRAINS this that I feel will bring our hopes and York. The day of the computer predicts the time aspirations for an honorable and just Charlie Buckley's memory will long live all knowledge will be shared, at the touch peace closer to fruition. in' the annals of the history of the State of a dial. The statement follows: of New York. His accomplishments since 1738 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS J_anuary 31, 1968 he first was elected to the Board of Alder­ cause without personal loyalties there is and in many respects, dominant power which men of New York City in 1918, through neither principle nor progress. Charlie it now wields." (Emphasis mine) his term as State tax appraiser for the Buckley was above all a loyal man. I leave Early in its history, Chief Justice John that as a final tribute with you and honor Marshall, who occupied that position for 35 State of New York, and during the period you for keeping his memory green. years in the formative period of the new he served as city chamberlain, prefixed nation, said this: his most memorable service of 30 years in "Courts are the mere instruments of the the House of Representatives which law and can will nothing. • • • Judicial spanned 15 Congresses. As chairman of Wright Morrow Cites Supreme Court power is never exercised for the purpose of the House Committee on Public Works giving effect to the will of the judge; always he was responsible for more public works Decisions Which Violate Precedent, for the purpose of giving effect to the will of the law.'' (Emphasis mine) authorizations and construction than Invade Legislative Field, and Con· James Madison, one of the authors of the any other American. The monuments of tribute to Breakdown of Law and Constitution, made this significan-t state­ roads, bridges, public buildings, reser­ ment: voirs, dams, and waterways throughout Order "The good of society requires that the our land will long be a living testimony rules of conduct of its members should be to the concrete accomplishments of a certai n and known, which would not be the man who always shunned the limelight. HON. 0. C. FISHER case if any judge disregarding the decisions Charlie Buckley knew true humility and OF TEXAS of his predecessor should vary the rule of I feel that the words of Chairman Moses IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the law according to his individual interpre­ tion of it." (Emphasis mine.) express the feelings of those who knew Wednesday, January 31, 1968 The situation since 1958, so far as the in­ him best. I am privileged to include his Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, not long terpretation of the due process clause of the speech: Constitution,· has not improved the attitude Friends of Oharlie Buckley, who would be­ ago the Honorable Wright Morrow of of the Chief Justices of the States or of lieve it, a ballroom full of neighbors and nice Houston, a distinguished member of the people generally concerned with the protec­ people not on the make, not jumping on Texas b,ar and a great patrtot, made a tion of the public in their civil rights as passing bandwagons, not riding the waves of speech to the University of Texas council. American citizens but has worsened by rea­ the future, people who are not ashamed to The occasion was the pursuance of the son of the more recent decisions by the Su­ show sentiment and not afraid to ackn owl­ continuing memortal to the late Judge preme Court. And, now as demonstrated in edge obligation, met here to honor a man Wright C. Morrow, father of the speaker, the very recent riots and insurrections, dis­ who hated flattery and had no appetite for in the form of funds for teaching of respect of the law has become rampant and shoe polish? people undisciplined with looting, and burn­ Charlie Buckley was a man who in the criminal law and procedure. ing, and murdering. This situation has re­ march of world events and nationwide de­ In his memorable address Mr. Morrow sulted in a state of near anarchy in our velopments never lost sight, sound and touch sounds an alarm which should be heeded country; people have now become afraid in of his borough and people. It renews my by all Americans. Every student of gov­ their own homes, or to walk on the streets faith in representative democracy. ernment and every believer in the in­ of their cities and towns, especially in our They say memories are short. The next tegrtty of the Constitution should read nation's capital. Robberies, and thefts, and generation know a hero very slightly and this documented statement concerning murders, and rape and all characters of grandchildren will recall his name only if it crime have continued to increase throughout is attached, as you propose it shall be in this one of the most dangerous trends in our country. case, to some enduring monument, memorial modern American history. Disrespect for law has become rampant. or benefaction. Mr. Morrow's address follows: It has been encouraged, condoned and ex­ It is the fashion with brash newcomers in The continuing and rising wave of crime cused by prominent omce holders. This has politics and disdainful, fastidious editors to in our country is alarming to all and the been shown not only in the streets by riots picture Charlie Buckley ·as a stereotyped, appointment of commissions to study the but by demonstrations and other similar dated product of district club and cloakroom causes of this rise in criminal activities will methods of disrespect of the rights of other politics, entertaining election captains and not and does not suffice. The truth is that people; in the galleries of Congress; in the minor omceholders in the Bronx and occa­ the basic cause of this crime wave is known public places like theatres, city halls and in sionally answering roll calls in Washington but those in charge of the government refuse churches; parading and picketing in and when not following the ponies at the tracks. to face the true situation. around the White House, rushing into the It reminds me of Lincoln's reply to Grant's The trend of the decisions of the Supreme offices of mayDrs of cities, destroying the critics. "Show me," he said, "where he gets Court of the United States has astonished furniture and raising complete pandemo­ his stogies and the hair of the dog." Show us and caused consternation among a great part nium; refusal of students to attend classes, where the ponies are running, and we may of our population, particularly the lawyers demanding control of administration of find a few more Buckleys. of the United States. schools and colleges. All of this has become Charlie Buckley in my own knowledge as The Court appears to have taken a position un-American and intolerable. Courts have a political maverick and uncommitted ob­ which gives police little or no opportunity become legislators; the Supreme Court has server was, on the contrary, a very able local to protect the public from the brutality of amended the Constitution in violation of leader in a borough not wit;tlout previous the criminal; at the same time, throwing its specific provisions, disregarding the leaders of distinction, and an exceptionally such a web of protection around the crimi­ rights of the people and the States. All of knowledgeable, shrewd, competent and effec­ nal, or suspected criminal, as to make it this is entirely foreign to the fundamentals tive Chairman of the Public Works Commit­ virtually impossible in many instances to of our American system. Petitions for re­ tee of the House of Representatives. I can convict those who are really guilty or to de­ dress of grievances and peaceable assemblies 'testify, and under no compulsion, that in termine whether or not they should be con­ are provided for in our fundamental law these parts he was enormously helpful in victed. but the courts have stretched these provi­ bringing about agreements on major enter­ Back in 1958, the Chief Justices of the sions to the point of absurdity in their mis­ prises such as the St. Lawrence and Niagara States were alarmed at the legislative inva­ interpretations and their personal expres­ power developments and the continental and sion by the Supreme Court under the guise sions based on the whims and philosophy of regional highway and expressway system of the interpretation of the Fourteenth the judges. which is now taken for granted by smart Amendment. These Justices in their consid­ Until approximately 1961, it had been the alecks who think it was a cinch to eration of this situation said in part: rule applied by the Supreme Court that the accomplish. "We are not alone in our view· that the Fourteenth Amendment did not empower A large factor in Charlie Buckley's success Supreme Court in many cases arising under that Court to apply Federal rules of proce­ in Congress was due to tlie friendship and the 14th Amendment, has assumed what dure to State courts. In Mapp v. State of respect of members from all over the coun­ seems to us primarily legislative (lawmak­ Ohio, however, the rule was changed. In that J;.ry who trusted as well as liked him, and ing) powers. • • • We do not believe that case the State Supreme Court had held that often went along simply because Charlie either the framers of the original Constitu­ certain evidence based on a search warrant pledged his honor that it was the right thing tion or the possibly somewhat less gifted was admissible and the woman was con­ to do. draftsmen of the Fourteenth Amendment victed. On appeal, however, the United States Years ago the Sainted Fiorello La Guardia, ever contemplated that the Supreme Court Supreme Court reversed the case applying in spite or maybe because of his lovable and would or should, have the almost unlimited Federal rules and interpretation. unpredictable eccentricities and shenani­ policy-making powers wh:ich it now exercises. Justice Jackson in dissenting commented, gans, nevertheless one of our great mayors, It is strange, indeed, to reflect that under a that the Court could increase respect !or the said to me in the course of one of our not Constitution which provides for ·a system of Constitution only if it rigidly respected the infrequent arguments, "I believe in princi­ checks and balances and of distribution of limitations placed upon it by the Consti­ ples, not in men." I still think that one of the power between national and State govern­ tution. most horrible statements I ever heard, be­ ment, one branch of one government--the In Ashcraft v. Tennessee, the Supreme cause loyalties must run to people, and be- Supreme Court-should attain the immense, Court then threw out a confession because January 31, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1739 they held that it was obtained by coercive sions of the Constitution. The whim or ca­ guilty of the gravest crimes and there are interrogation. Justice Jackson dissented, price of those individual judges, who tem­ unreasonable and unnecessary delays in the writing an exhaustive opinion, and held that porarily occupy the court should not control administration of justice. Then they said the majority of the Court had gone entirely the decision. The law is the embodiment of and I quote, "that to the extent this view beyond the Bill of Rights in applying the usage based on the activities of men evolved is supported in logic, it requires that we and Federal Courts supervisory powers over State from the tradition, habits and customs and all our judicial, executive and legislative Courts. He held that all appeals from State rules of conduct of people and the stability bodies reapp~aise the laws and procedures Courts in the past had been limited to deter­ of the government depends on fixed law upon which affect the task of the policeman, the mining whether a confession was voluntary which people can rely and which people must prosecutor and the courts in their efforts and whether it could be admitted as trust­ respect. to protect society to the end that we will worthy evidence. The primary responsibility of m aintaining successfully meet the challenge of law­ Justice Jackson said further: law and order under our system should be lessness. "We must bear in mind that this case does and is upon the local constabulary in State These quotations and references strikingly not come here from a lower Federal Court and Cities and only when it is m ade evident demonstrate how far afield have gone the over whose conduct we may assert a general that this can not be done by the local gov­ decisions of the Federal courts and especial­ supervisory power." ernment and there exists a danger of or ly the Supreme Court and it is imperative "We have no such supervisory power over actual insurrection and complete disregard that there be paramount in the minds of States' courts. We may not lay down rules and disrespect for the law should there be those who instruct in the law that the of evidence for them nor reverse their deci­ any intervention by Federal authority. But strength and progress of our nation and the sions because we feel more confidence in our there must be recognition by those having enjoyment of rights and liberties by all our own wisdom and rectitude." criminal intentions or commiting crimes of citizens must be ma.nifested by their belief Justice Jackson again pointed out that the the certainty and severity of punishment and respect for and adherence to the rule interrogation of suspects was an absolute when found guilty. Civil rights do not belong of law. necessity. Jackson said there were only two only to one group of citizens but all citizens It is, therefore, my sincere and earnest alternatives-"to close the books on crime" and it must be recognized that the protection hope that these principles necessary to the or "to take the suspects into custody for of the civil rights of any citizen or group continued existence of our constitutional questioning". shall not be used to trample on the civil framework shall be given full respect and Justice Jackson said further that if the rights of another citizen or group. Our gov­ integrity in carrying on the professorship Court persisted in this 'view', "the people ernment is intended to protect the freedom created hereby. of this country must discipline themselves of all citizens having the same right to life, My father, Judge W. C. Morrow, sat as a to seeing their police stand by helplessly liberty and the pursuit of happiness. The judge on the Court of Criminal Appeals of while those suspected of murder prowl about courts of our country have the duty to fol­ Texas for nearly a quarter of a century, for unmolested". This is just about the present low precedent. They are not constituted to the last twenty years as Presiding Judge of situation. become legislative bodies. Congress and the that Court. He believed, and in his opinions In 1961 in the Rogers case they ruled that legislature of the several states have this exemplified his belief, that it is the duty regardless if a suspect's confession was true, function and the courts have no right to of a judge ."to cleave to the integrity of it should be thrown out as untrustworthy intervene or usurp the functions of either the law and to that alone". He realized that if the police had broken down the will to the legislative or the executive branches. the greatest hazard of a judge in passing lie. Under these interpretations the major­ Judge Learned Hand, who never became a on the rights and liberties of citizens is not ity of the court outlawed police procedure member of the Supreme Court but regarded from without but the most constant and ap­ of confronting the suspect with facts of the as one of the finest jurists of his time, prob­ palling danger lurks within the judge him­ crime that contradicted his alibi, such as ably did not have the political influence but self and it is t h e demanding duty of a judge re-visiting the scene of the crime which they in lecturing at Harvard after his retirement not to substitute his individual sense of said overbor e his capacity for se lf-deter­ he had this to say about the Supreme Court justice for rules of law because as Justice mination. of the United States: Cardoza said in his book, "The Nature of the Then came the Escobedo case in 1965 "I cannot frame any definition that will Judicial Process": where the majority of the court held that explain when the court will assume the role "This might result in a benevolent des­ when process of investigation becomes ac­ of a third legislative chamber and when it potism if the judges were benevolent men. cusatory and the focus is on the accused will limit its authority to keep Congress and It would put an end to the rule of law." and its purpose is to elicit a confession, the the States within their authority." (Emphasis mine) accused must be permitted to consult his "If we do need a third legislative chamber, Because of my,pride in my father's record it should appear for what it is and not as lawyer. and because of his teachings, both personal the interpreter of inscrutable principles." In this case, Justice White, who was ap­ (Emphasis mine) and in his opinions, I have always held to pointed by President Kennedy, dissented and the strong belief in these principles which It is no wonder, therefore, that at the most used this language: recent meetings of the American Bar Asso­ should govern men who as judges pass upon "The right to counsel not only entitles the ciation in Honolulu, the conference of Chief the rights of life, liberty and property of accused to counsel's advice and aid in pre­ Justices of forty-five States made and adopt­ their fellow citizens. paring for trial but stands as an impene­ ed without a dissenting vote resolutions from trable barrier to any interrogation once the which I will quote. accused has become a suspect." (Emphasis First, however, these Chief Justices recited mine) that during recent years there has occurred Cut War Expenses and Save Money And he said further, "that the majority of in our n ation a m alignant growth of disre­ the court apparently intended to bar all spect for and disobedience of law wh ich in admissions obtained from a suspect whether this year has culminated in unprecedented HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI voluntarily made or not." (Emphasis mine) lawlessness and mob violence. Further, they Under these decisions as they have ad­ recognized that the causes of the civil dis­ OF ILLINOIS vanced over the last few years, it is mani­ obedience "which i s shakin g the very bed­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fest that the criminal, or the would be rock of our political and soci al structures Wednesday, January 31 , 1968 criminal, has learned and his associates and are mani fold, yet it is our studied view that lawyers have learned that he is in no danger the foremost cause is lack of 1·espect of law Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the of being convicted if he can make any kind and an utter disregard for its proper en­ President's budget is obviously domi­ of case that he was interrogated about the forcement i n the minds of a growing num­ nated by the cost of the war in Vietnam facts of the alleged crime even if he volun­ ber of our citizens." (Emphasis mine) and other expenditures in the defense tarily makes the statement unless he has These justices then resolved that it was seen a lawyer and has been taken before a equally essential that the law abiding citi­ budget. The Worth-Palos Reporter, an m agistrate immediately. For if he can claim zens should receive protection of the law independent community-minded news­ any police brutality, he is almost assured of from the lawless as it is that its guarantees paper serving the southwest suburban the refusal of the Court to admit his wm be afforded those accused of its breach. Cook County, Til., area often comments confession. These justices further resolved that those on national issues. Their January 25 These decisions furnish example to those persons and groups "who ignore these editorial on the budget is a very inter­ who violate the penal laws and robbery orderly processes but instead seek redress of esting analysis with an obviously logical especially of public places like banks, gro­ grievanc~no matter how deserving, basis. cery stores and liquor stores. These are so through force, mob violence and riot ac­ prevalent and so often end in murder and companied by looting, arson and murder The editorial follows: there is a constant increase in sex crimes commit criminal acts of the gravest order CUT WAR EXPENSES AND SAVE MONEY such as rape which also often ends in murder and must be swiftly, fairly, and surely Great Britain is withdrawing all its mili­ and such people depend on these decisions to prosecuted according to the law which they tary forces from east of the Suez Canal prevent their conviction. have violated." (except Hong Kong and a few outposts) and The extension by the Supreme Court into They ~hen referred to the causes of dis­ the U.S. has already moved in to cover the a legislative body is essentially wrong wheth­ respect for law and found that the public retreat. The British did it as a necessary er done under the guise of modern sociology held views that it is extremely difficult and economic move, and apparently the aftiuent or the usurpation of the amendatory provi- many times impossible to convict those U.S. can afford to patrol all of Asia. 1740 EXTENSIONS OF ~REMARKS January 31, 1968 There are balance of power reasons for the t!J.e tasl: of battling the b:azes in near zero provide the Pueblo with surface or air pro­ we5t to maintain a strong position in Asia, temperatures with courage and efficiency. tection or, at least, with a more effective but there are some real differences between The prld~ a community has for these fear- contingency plan for. action if threatened our pre5ent position and the old oolo!ll~l . less, unselfish and earnest men of mercy is with capture? The affair is reminiscent of position of England. The British Empire was not ordinary pride. The pride is amplified the manner in which American officials dis­ built On the exploitation · of its vassal by a deep feeling of gratitude and respect regarded warnings of an imminent Chinese colonies, but the U.S. is there on an all for those who stand ready at any hour to invasion of Korea in 1950 and the failure out-going expe~e of maintaining ~ilitary . protect lives and properties. · adequately to alert Pearl Harbor in 1941. control-all expense and no income. At the sound of their fire sirens, they leave The North Korean warnings were unmis­ The President is now making a big point of the warmth of their homes and often the takable. On Jan. 6, according to South Ko­ the balance in World economic affairs--we comforts of sleep or a meal to help in an rean sources, seventy South Korean fishing are sending out too much more than )s emergency. They do this, not for monetary craft were attacked and five captured by coming in. We suggest as a simple solution gain, nor glory but to help neighbors in dis­ three North Korean ships. On Jan. 11 the that we cut our European army by at least tress. South Korean radio announced an incursion . 75 percent, and our war expense in Asia by These men are ready not only to help in by two fast North Korean ships into a group half. The present plans of saving a few their own community but stand ready to of 200 South Korean fishing boats, one of billions is small when compared to the bil­ travel to another town where a company which was sunk by collision and three forced lions we are now spending on foreign mili­ might need assistance. to go north. tary commitments. They are willing men-men ready to work The North Korean communiques, carried The President said in his state of the unceasingly for hours to insure a job well on the English language service of the UJ?.lon 'message that we are spending $25 done. (North) Korean Central News Agency, were billion per year in Vietnam. This can hardly Residents of county communities should almost identical on both occasions. That of come under the issue of foreign aide as I stand ready at any time to give their utmost Jan. 11 stated: "The United States imperial­ understand our original motives under the cooperation to their fire company-a truly ist aggressor troops again dispatched from Marshall plan, and there are so many places, needed and deserving group. early this morning hundreds of fishing boats both at home and abroad, where we could and spy boats into the coastal waters of our spend this money for better and more side off the Eastern coast to perpetrate hos­ humane purposes and effectiveness. tile acts. This noon our naval ships on patrol duty on the spot detained the vessels in­ The "Pueblo" Warnings volved in the hostile acts. As long as the U.S. imperialist aggressor conduct reconnais­ sance by sending spy boats, our naval ships A Salute to Firemen HON. F. BRADFORD MORSE will continue to take determined counter­ OF MASSACHUSETTS measures." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES On Jan. 21, North Korea's delegate at Pan­ HON. JOHN ·P. SAYLOR munjom, Gen. Pak Chung Kook, protested OF PENNSYLVANU Wednesday, January 31, 1968 formally against the United States "having IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. MORSE of Massachusetts. Mr. infiltrated into our coastal waters a number of armed spy boa1iS, espionage bandits. to­ Wednesday, January 31, 1968 Speaker, one of the many unanswered questions of the Pueblo incident is the gether with a gr9up of Sou._th Korean fishing Mr. SAYLOR. Mr. Speaker, tragic fires failure of U.S. intelligence to take boats." According to his account on Jan. 25, have taken a heavy toll of lives in Penn­ he "repeatedly demanded that you immedi­ seriously indications sounded by North ately stop such criminal acts." sylvania and other States exposed to Korea earlier this month with respect to Whether or not the accusations were true, prolonged periods of frigid weather dur­ possible retaliation against U.S. intel­ why were not the warnings taken more se­ ing this winter season. An appalling ligence vessels such as the Pueblo. riously? number of lives have been lost in infernos In a January 27 editorial the New York destroying family residences, and many Times describes the alleged North Korean fatalities are also recorded in blazes that warnings and asserts that the United Defense Department Disgraced strike at apartment and commercial States was aware of them. It asked buildings. "Whether or not the accusations were The disasters should alert every father true, why were not the warnings taken HON. JOHN -R. RARICK and mother, every building owner and more seriously?" An answer to this ques­ custodian of the need for special pre­ OF LOUISIANA tion might shed light on the circum­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cautions during periods of severe cold stances that permitted the Pueblo to be when heating equipment is taxed to and hijacked on the high seas, and it Wednesday, January 31, 1968 beyond capacity. They should at the should be forthcoming from the admin­ Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, in the same time stimulate a new appreciation istration at once. present conflict of our country with the for those members of the community I include the text of the editorial in armed aggression of Bolsheviki, it is a who stand ready to man firefighting the RECORD: travesty of justice for any official of our equipment and risk their own lives that THE "PuEBLO" WARNINGS people .to show disloyalty or weakness in others may be saved. support of our fighting men. Without our career and volunteer fire The evidence that at least twice this month, after seizing South Korean vessels, But when the daughter of the Assist­ departments, deaths due to fire would, of North Korea had warned that it might also ant U.S. Secretary of Defense is arrested course, be considerably higher, with ac­ take countermeasures against nearby Ameri­ like an ordinary disloyal hoodlum in· a companying property loss of inestimable can "spy boats," raised serious questions ·mob trying to shut down a U.S. Army proportions. There is no measuring the about the American command and control induction center, the reflection on our contributions of the brave and daring system that permitted the Pueblo to be cap­ morale and national unity is disgraced men who move to combat the horrors of tured. to the extent of being nauseating. fire in our cities and towns, nor can Secretary of Defense-designate Clark Cll!­ Our brave fighting men and our coun­ \;ownspeople ever give adequate thanks ford has promised the Senate Armed Serv­ ices Committee that after taking office he try are entitled to mutual devotion to for this vital service. would review "the decision-making process duty and respect from the top leader­ An editorial in the Nanty Glo Journal and the authorities granted that would per­ ship of the Defense Department. of January 17 paying honor to volunteer mit a lightly armed U.S. ship, without pro­ Mr. Speaker, I include the Associated firemen is a tribute that needs frequent tection, to sail close to hostile shores even Press account of January 26, following repeating. The faithful performance of though in international waters." 'I'hat 1s all my remarks: all firemen should be recognized the year to the good. But the Congress and the coun­ around, for theirs is a constant vigil and try also have a right to know who was re­ HIGH OFFICIAL'S DAUGHTER FACES COURT heroic effort for which there is no season sponsible for this humiliating misadventure, HEARING and how it could have happened. NEW YORK.-Cathleen Fitt, pony-tailed of relaxation. The Asia analysts in Washington knew of and miniskirted daughter of Assistant Secre­ The editorial follows: the North Korean warnings from the U.S. tary of Defense Alfred B. Fitt, pleaded in­ THE VoLUNTEER FmEMEN Government's Foreign Broadcast Informa­ nocent Wednesday to charges of parading The sustained oold spell being experienced tion Service. Were their superiors in the without a license during an antidraft dem­ in Cambria County has been blamed for Pentagon and State Department informed? onstration. the many flres which have struck various Did anyone alert the Pacific Command and Miss Fitt, 22, was continued on parole by communities. the captain of the Pueblo? If they were Criminal Court Judge Mitchell J. Sherwin Through it all volunteer flremen have met alerted, why were_precautions not taken to until a hearing Feb. 26. Jetnuary 31,. 1968 EXTENSIONS OF RE·MARKS 1741 Miss Fitt, a student at Sarah-Lawrence Col­ and traveler's checks, thus reducing the high eral assistance was paying off. In some areas, lege in Bronxville, N.Y., was arrested last cost_ of travel in France.) such as the water and sewer program, con­ month along with some· 350 others. They had (c) Financially assisting domestic hospi­ siderable streamlining already has been attempted to shut down a U.S. Army induc­ tality programs . operated throughout the achieved. tion center in lower Manhattan. country by civic organizations. That federal red tape can be cut sharply (d) The creation of Guide and Translator was spelled out clearly in a report to the Co.rps. . President from the Joint Admin.istrative These sample suggestions are only . made Task Force last fall. The Task Force is made Travel Editor Eugene Fodor Urges Posi­ to illustrate some of the possible uses for the up of representatives from the Departments travel tax revenues. of Housing and Urban Development; Health, tive Steps To Attract European Visitors 3. Thus, the Government can obtain easier Education, and Welfare; Labor; and the acceptance of its travel tax plans if it does Office of Economic Opportunity. Dwight A. to the United States the following: Ink, HUD assistant secretary for administra­ (a) Refrains from pointing an accusing tion, is Task Force chairman. At the Presi­ :finger a.t the individual traveler who intends dent's direction, the Task Force's :first efforts HON. HENRY S. REUSS to go abroad. focused on 42 federal programs in these four OF WISCONSIN (b) Spells out its commitment to use the multi-purpose areas: Model Cities, Neighbor­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES travel tax money for constructive promo­ hood Centers, Manpower, and Water and tional objectives. Sewer. Wednesday, January 31, 1968 (c) Holds out the promise that the tax will The Task Force, working with program offl­ Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, Eugene be temporary until an increase in travel to cials in the :field, suggested various ways to the United States permits its elimination. cut processing time in component programs Fodor, the editor of the well-known 4. A short message spelling out the Gov­ in all these fields and predicted that once travel guides and a member of the Free­ ernment's pledge, and reassuring the traveler these methods are adopted by the ag~ncies dom To Travel Committee of the Society that he is not unpatriotic, possibly could involved, local governments could expect the of American Travel Writers, urges posi­ accompany the tax receipt given to the following reductions in federal handling: 50 tive .action to increase tourists to the traveler. The message, for best results, prob­ per cent in Model Cities, 50 per ce~t in.Neigh­ United States. ably should go over the signature of the borhood Centers, 47 per cent in Manpower, Among the steps he recommends in a President. and 57 per cent in Water and Sewer. thoughtful memo to Ambassador Robert 5. While the affluent American traveler will President Johnson was pleased with the not be greatly affected by a measured travel :first Task Force report. M. McKinney, chairman of the Special tax, the following impo!tant categories ought Industry-Government Travel Task "I commend the work of the Task Force in to be exempted from any taxation at all: identifying ways and means to streamline Force, is "a stamp or bonus system for (a) Anyone under, say 22 to 23 years of procedures," he said. "It shows w:Q.at can be foreign visitors, perhaps along the lines age. Obviously the overwhelming majority accomplished when agencies work together of the Reuss proposition." of this category is traveling on a low budget toward a common goal. I truly believe this Mr. Fodor also points out that: and mainly for educational reasons. effort is an important step forward in in­ (b) Teachers. Same reason as above. It should be ~ecalled that similar systems teragency cooperation." (c) Family and/or compassionate visits to "But," the President added, "this is only were operated very successfully in a number the Iron CUrtain countries. This type of of countries during the postwar years. Among a start. All federal agencies must wage a re­ travel is a most important outside influence lentless and continuing war against red tape. others, France granted 15 to 20 percent dis­ in creating good will toward the United count on payments made by foreign visitors First, each o! you should institute steps nbw States. The political value of his visits is at all levels to carry through the processing in hard currency, personal and traveler's inestimable. checks, thus reducing the high cost of travel (d) ReligioUs pilgrims. Again most of these improvements that you have approved .... in France. Second, the Joint Administrative Task Force travelers are on low budget package tours. . .. will continue [to effect] comparable ad­ As many knowledgeable obserVers ministrative improvements in all critical re­ have noted, well-promoted cost reduc­ maining programs assigned to your depart­ tions for European visitors are crucial ments. A report on this work should be made because the idea that travel in the United "L. B. J.'s War on Redtape"-An Article to me on or before March 31, 1968. Third, I States is very expensive is often the am directing all departments and agertcies in Nation's Cities, January 1968 with grant-in-aid programs involving state largest single factor deterring middle­ and local governments to undertake a com­ class Europeans from visiting this parable effort, applying the analytic tech­ country. HON. JOHN BRADEMAS niques developed by the HUD-Labor-HEW­ I include the text of Mr. Fodor's memo: OF INDIANA OEO group, and :r;eport back to me. through JANUARY 25, 1968. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Director of the Bureau of the Budget not To: Ambassador Robert M. McKinney, Spec­ later than March 31, 1968. ial Travel Task Force chairman. Wednesday, January 31, 1968 "I urge our state and local partners to join From: Eugene Fodor, travel editor, member, Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, I in­ with ·us by simplifying their own laws, rules, Freedom to Travel Committee, Society of and procedures so as to cut processing time American Travel Writers. sert in the RECORD an article in the Jan­ at all levels of government to an absolute Subject: A plan to win public acceptance of uary 1968 issue of the magazine of the minimum." travel restrictions proposed by the ad­ National League of Cities, Nation's Most of .the time-saving steps the Task ministration. Cities, entitled "L. B. J.'s War on Red­ Force outlined to the federal agencies fell 1. Adverse political and psychological tape."- under these general directives to: effects on the American public are certain to The article, which is subtitled "Presi­ Delegate ·additional decision-making- au­ result from any Administration measure ap­ dent's Special Task Force Shows Federal thority to the :field. pearing to infringe on the freedom to travel. Eliminate redundant data requirements. In addition to a natural reluctance to pay Application Processing Time Can Be Halved," will be, I am certain, of interest (The Task Force recqmmended that a special special taxes, there is an additional danger study be conducted to consider a "one-shot" that appeals to patriotism will backfire since to everyone who is interested to help city eligib111ty profile or consolidated data any citizen will resent the implication that State and local o:tncials who are making book. Under present systems, applicants are by planning to go abroad, he is less of a good applications for various Federal assist­ required to submit over and over again infor­ American. . ance programs run into a few complica­ mation which is not likely to change for 2. This adverse public reaction can be pre­ tions in terms of time and processing as years.) vented. All the Government need do, is to possible. The article follows: Review the several parts of applications pledge to use all travel tax revenues for the concurrently rather than in sequence.' positive program of promoting more travel L. B. J.'s WAR ON REDTAPE-PRESIDENT'S SPE­ to the USA. The Government can do this by CIAL ~ASK FORCE SHOWS FEDERAL APPLICA­ Eliminate or r~uce technical reviews at telling the public it plans to use the monies TION PRoCESSING TIME CAN BE HALVED the national level. for such projects as follows: If President Johnson has his way, 1968 Increase pre-application consultation (a) A substantially increased budget for should be the year that excess red tape be­ among I:ocal, state, ·and federal offlcials. the United States Travel ~rvice. gins falling away from many of the now­ Improve methods of scheduling and con­ (b) A stamp or bonus syr;;tem for foreign entangled federal urban grant-in-aid pro­ trolling application processing. visitors, perhaps along the lines of the grams which involve state and local govern­ One of the most dramatic projections of Reuss proposition. (It should be recalled ments. application processing time saving reported that similar systems were operated very suc­ As the new-- year started there was_ ample by the 'J,"ask Force came in HOD's sewer and cessfully in a number of countries during the evidence that the President's initial prodding water program for communities in urban or postwar years. Among others, France grant~ last May of four federal. agencies to slice by urbanizing areas. The original processing 15 to 20% discount on payments made by 50 per cent the processing time required to time for applications was 232 work days. But foreign visitors in hard currency, personal act on local government applications for fed- improved techniques should reduce process- CXIV--llQ-Part 2 1742 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 31, 1968 ing time to 66 work days, or a 72 per cent even a modest tax burden to finance the Such was the startling picture presented reduction. moderate social and economic reforxns of last summer to Rep. L. Mendel Rivers (D., Other projected HUD program time saving President Mendez. Many of them equate Alli­ S.C.), chairman of the House Armed Services figures reported by the Task Force include a ance for Progress goals with Communism. Committee, by a distinguished panel of 17 40 per cent cut in urban renewal applica­ This leaves an enormous potential for Com­ military and weapons experts of the American tions (from 495 to 295 work days); a 67 per munist and Castroite agitation in a country Security Council. Chaired by Gen. Bernard A. ce:Qt reduction in urban parks and ur~an where · three-fourths of the people live in Schriever, USAF (Ret.), the officer most re­ beautification form processing (from 196 to terrible poverty. It eventually helps breed sponsible for development of our intercon­ 126 work days); and a 56 per cent time saving the terrorism that brought on the despicable tinental-ballistic-missile (ICBM) force, the in the neighborhood facilities program killing of the American officers. panel, at Rivers' request, confined itself to a (from 212 to 93 days). It may h elp explain why three other Ameri­ study of unclassified sources, obviously draw­ Local government officials this year are cans-two priests and a nun from the Mary­ ing on those it knew to be sound. In 94 grim likely to be watching with President Johnson knoll Order-who went to Guatemala for edu­ pages, the panel detailed the decline of Amer­ the follow through on these agency projec­ cational missionary work finally joined left­ ican strategic power as against the Soviet tions to see if they are actually carried out. wing guerrillas, despairing of accomplishing Union's visible, across-the-board drive for (Availability of funds certainly is a prime anything within Guatemala's existing social overwhelming strategic supremacy. They ad­ condition for any proposals to reduce the and political structure. vised that we virtually had forfeited the ini­ time needed for federal agencies to approve These episodes also help explain why the tiative to the U.S.S.R. in the rapidly acceler­ particular projects.) These officials would Alliance for Progress has just reported fail­ ating field of military technology. no doubt agree with these recent remarks ing by a substantial margin to meet its The experts concluded that there still is by the President: growth targets for Latin America for the time-short, to be sure-to reestablish an "Red tape means higher costs, wasted mo­ second year in a row. American strategic posture that can provide tion, and frustration for our states and us with freedom to take appropriate action cities. More important, delay can dash the during crises and ensure that this country hopes of many of our citizens in blighted will prevail should a nuclear attack ever oc­ ghettos and slums who need help--and need The Threat of Russia's Rising Strategic cur. But the panel, noting the long lead times it now.... needed for new weapons development and "The needs of our people are urgent. I do Power production, warned, "Time is on the side of not want a single unnecessary day of delay those who use it." in delivering vital services under programs Last fall, two more authoritative studies authorized and directed by the Congress." HON. L. MENDEL RIVERS appeared. One was The Soviet Military Tech­ OF SOUTH CAROLINA 1 nological Challenge, by an equally distin­ guished panel. at the highly respected Center IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for Strategic Studies of Georgetown Univer­ Wednesday, January 31, 1968 sity. The other was Peace and the Strategy Why the Alliance Falters Conflict, an impressive book by William R. Mr. RIVERS. Mr. Speaker, I extend Kintner, a former member of the Planning my remarks concernine a timely and Staff of the National Security Council, now HON. F. BRADFORD MORSE vital message contained in an article en­ deputy director of the University of Penn­ OF MASSACHUSETTS titled "The Threat of Russia's Rising sylvania's Foreign Policy Research Institute. Strategic Power," which appeared in the These two new studies confirmed that unlesl3 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES February issue of Reader's Digest. present trends are quickly reversed the Wednesday, January 31, 1968 United States seems certain in the 1970's to The article is based on a study entitled find itself in a markedly inferior strategic Mr. MORSE of Massachusetts. :Mr. "The Changing Strategi-c Military Bal­ position to the Soviet Union, with possibly Speaker, the recent tragic shooting of ance U.S.A. Versus U.S.S.R.," prepared disastrous military-political results. American officials in Guatemala points for the House Armed Services Committee Calculated Risk. What comes through in up the failure of the Alliance for Prog­ by the American Security Council, and these studies and from many additional ress to stimulate political progress along based entirely on unclassified sources. interviews is that early in this decade the with economic development. It seems The members of the panel, who are idea took root at high levels of our govern­ mem'bers of the American Security Coun­ ment that the Soviet Union had abandoned clear that the terrorism in that country its goal of world domination, that continued is due in part to the failure of the wealth­ cil, are outstanding military and weap­ American military supremacy could only pro­ holding groups in the society to permit ons experts and their warnings should voke the Soviets and block the building of sufficient taxation to generate the funds not be treated lightly. "bridges of understanding." Since the so­ needed for genuine social and economic I urge every Member to read the arti­ viets had "mellowed," the United States had development. Until we give greater at­ cle, as well as the report prepared by the a chance to seize the initiative in "stabiliz­ tention to these political problems, as American Security Council. The article ing" the international political climate. The follows: best way to do this would be to exchange contemplated by title IX of the Foreign U.S. military superiority for U.S.-Soviet mili­ Assistance Act, we cannot hope for bal­ THE THREAT OF RUSSIA'S RISING STRATEGIC tary equality. When the Soviets were shown anced J.evelopment. POWER in so dramatic a way that we are not bent The New York Times commented on (NoTE.-According to highly informed on war and conquest, they would halt their the Guatemalan situation in these terms sources, the cold war has taken a chilling new side of the arms race. in an editorial which appeared on Janu­ turn: as a result of miscalculations and mis­ This idea was supported strongly by mem­ conceptions, our shield of nuclear supremacy bers of the academic community and a few ary 27. I ask to include the editorial in is slipping from us-and military ascendancy scientists influential at powerful positions in the RECORD, as follows: may soon pass to the Soviet Union. Because the Defense Department and in the White WHY THE ALLIANCE FALTERS the hour is late., an informed citizenry must House. They argued that military technology An event a few days after the murder of act--now.) had reached a "plateau,'' with no new tech­ two American officers in Guatemala points (By John G. Hubbell) nological mountains to climb and an inevi­ up one of the underlying causes of the vio­ In 1962 the United States had the capabil­ table nuclear stalemate. lence in that country and one of the formi­ ity of delivering two and a half to ten times Against this position was ranged the argu­ dable obstacles in the path of the Alliance as much nuclear firepower as the Soviet ment that, however much the United States for Progress. Union. By 1967, the estimate is that the So­ had hoped that the Soviets had "mellowed," · The Government of President Mendez viets had drawn roughly equal to us, possibly they had not done so in fact. Until con­ Montenegro was forced to rescind a modest even ahead in terms of deliverable megaton­ crete evidence was forthcoming that they t ax it had put into effect at the start of the nage, that is, the explosive power of the war­ had abandoned their goal of world do­ year over bitter opposition of business and heads. (One megaton equals one million tons minion-until, for example, they stopped landowning interests. It was a 5 per cent of TNT.) Present indications are that the So­ fomenting "wars of national liberatio::1 ," general sales t ax with levies up to 20 per cent viets, with their larger rockets and more permitted free elections in captive states and on some luxury goods and it was counted on powerful warheads, will have a clear lead by agreed to on-site inspections of their nuclear to raise about $15 million for badly needed 1969, and will open a massive gap by 1971- and space activities-the United States had economic development. T ax collection m a­ with the capability to deliver from twice as no choice but to guard jealously its mili­ chinery was inadequate, but some officials much to perhaps ten times as much nuclear t ary supremacy. Because no technological believe businessmen deliberately sabotaged megatonnage. In other words, the situation "plateau" was in sight, that continued su­ the new measure by exploiting the initial by 1971 will be almost exactly the reverse of premacy depended on maintaining a techno­ confusion and by price gouging. what it was in 1962, when our strategic su­ logical lead over the Soviet Union. Here again is the problem of the Latin­ premacy was such that the Soviets had no In any case, Oongress and the public were American oligarchies in microcosm. Guate­ choice but to accede to our demands during given no real chance to debate the 1ssue. malan "haves" apparently will not accept the Cuban missile crisis. Says a recently retired senior officer, "For January 31, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REM4RK~ 1743 seven years the Defense Department has been weapons arsenal. While we have engaged in of 1600 in 1962): 80 supersonic B-58s and 555 deliberately implementing policies whose aim predominantly nonmilitary space programs, aging B-52s. The Joint Chiefs of Staff have appears to be to achieve only strategic equal­ the Soviet effort has been militarily oriented. been advising the Defense Department and ity with the Soviet -Union. The rationale is We have invested some $30 billion in our Congress of an increasingly urgent need for that this would help bring about a political national space programs, but, according to an advanced aircraft which would carry at detente with the Soviets and deescalate the the American Security Council panel, less least as heavy a bombload as the B-52, but arms race. This policy has not been carried than Qne third of it in military programs. which would be much superior to it in per- out in the open, but under the guise of a The Defense Department last November formance and filled with devices to enable it superefficient cost-effectiveness. The result is had to report that the Soviets, who have vio- to thwart present enemy air defenses. that the American people have been cost­ lated treaties and agreements whenever it Engineering development for such an ad­ analyzed into a dangerouR strategic position." has suited th·eir purposes, could this year put vanced bomber has long been ready. Con­ In entering into the 1963 Nuclear Test into operation orbital nuclear weapons that gress has appropriated the funds and urged Ban Treaty barring all above-ground nuclear could hit us with only three minutes' no- the Department of Defense (DOD) to pro­ testing, still hailed by Administration of­ tice. The Defense Department was "not con- ceed. But DOD has persistently refused to ficials as the greatest step yet toward end­ cerned." act; it sees no need for a new manned ing the cold war, the United States took what The background to this situation is in- bomber. At the same time, it has spent huge many knowledgeable men regard as a dan­ credible: In October 1963, a United Nations sums beefing up later-model B-52s so that gerous calculated risk. The Soviets decided to resolution banned weapons of mass destruc- they can perform against Soviet air defenses sign the treaty, which permits no on-site tion from space. Both the United States and through the mid-1970's. By 1975, General inspection, only after completing their 1961- the Soviet Union agreed to comply with this Schriever explains, "The B-52 will represent 1962 test series, the most extensive and so­ resolution, but subsequently the Soviets a nearly 30-year-old technology, and it is phisticated ever. In this series they surged noted that the agreement did not ban the difficult to understand how it could by that far ahead of us in very-high-yield nuclear development or manufacture of such weap- time be considered an effective strategic weapons technology 1; thus the treaty served ons. weapons system." to safeguard their lead. On July 4, 1965, Communist Party boss Also batlling is the Pentagon order for 210 The Senate Armed Services Committee's Leonid Brezhnev said that the Soviets poosess FB-lllAs for the strategic bombardment Preparedness Investigating Subcommittee orbital rockets. Since September 1966 the force. The FB-lllA (a modified version of held 29 closed hearings on this treaty, taking Soviets have been carrying out a series of the TFX, a fighter bom-:Der) will be small, exhaustive testimony from 19 key witnesses. spacefiight tests, and U.S. officials soon de- able to carry only a light bombload and an Significantly, four of the seven members of duced that the Soviets were working out inadequate number of sensing devices and the subcommittee voted against ratification. techniques for the re-entry of warheads from penetration aids, and will require midair re­ Senior officers and nuclear scientists involved space vehicles. Inexplicably, we then entered fueling for intercontinental range. believe that had they and the dissenters into a formal treaty with the Soviet Union Hence, despite its protestations, DOD been able to say publicly what they knew­ and more than 100 other nations (most of seems to agree that we will need a manned they could not and still cannot because their whom would not be competent to do so) not bomber force. If so, we ought to be building information is secret-the Senate might not to orbit weapons of mass destruction. The a modern bomber force designed specifically have ratified the treaty. Moreover, some now space treaty, like the 1963 test-ban treaty, for the strategic mission. insist that, because certain safeguards pro­ contains no provision for inspection. According to the American Security Coun- posed by the Joint Chiefs of Staff have not By recently undertaking a rapid expansion ell Panel, one of the main reasons the Penta­ been fully kept, it would take a long time­ of their intercontinental-ballistic-missile gon has refused to order a new manned perhaps too long-for the United States to force. At the end of 1966 the Soviets had an bomber is that the whole idea of a manned resume a comprehensive atmospheric nu­ estimated 340 ICBMs-and, since they have bomber force is considered "provocative"­ clear-testing-and-development program, if been rapidly expanding this force and have to keep such a force from being wiped out necessary. the capability of adding 200 to 400 per year, by an enemy missile strike, it would have to they may surpass us by late 1969. be launched before enemy missiles arrived in TECHNOLOGY WON'T STAND STILL The United States in 1971 will continue to the United States. The Pentagon worries The Defense Department's cost-conscious have the 1000 land-based ICBMs we have that this smacks of a first-strike strategy, civilian managers long _ago decreed that no now-Minuteman missiles. The new Minute- and we must do all we can to convince the new weapons-development project may pro­ man III missiles are to carry several warheads Soviets that we never would strike first. ceed unless a clear-cut military need for it each, which can be guided after launch to By developing an anti-ballistic-missile can be demonstrated-i.e., any new Ameri­ separate targets. In addition, they will be (ABM) system. In late 1966, the Administra­ can strategic-weapons-development program stuffed with decoys _and other devices to en- tion revealed that the Soviets have been must be reactions to innovations by potential sure penetration of Soviet defenses. Called widely deploying ABM defenses. Many strat­ enemies. Many promising new projects have MIRV (Multiple Independent Re-entry Vehi- egists find it difficult to believe the Soviets been canceled or cut back, and our high-risk, cles), this concept also is being applied in our would be .investing in so hugely expensive high-payoff military research and develop­ undersea ballistic-missile-firing fleet, where an undertaking without high confidence ment has been stifled. OUr major operational Polaris missiles are to be supplemented with that their system is effective or can be made strategic weapons systems were already on a MIRV missile called Poseidon, which may effective by an aggressively advancing Soviet the drawing boards before this decade began. carry up to ten warheads. It all sounds like ABM technology. Indeed, the Georgetown "One of the greatest faults of U.S. policy­ a lot of retaliatory striking power. The trou- Center suggests that it could be well within makers," says Dr. Harold Agnew, "is that ble is that it may not all be there if we ever Soviet technological capabilities to produce they seem not to understand that technology are forced to retaliate. a system whereby a network of artificial never will be stagnant. It will not stand According to a British Defense Ministry space satellites could track our ICBMs dur­ still." Citing a Soviet Defense Ministry Doc­ source, it is widely believed that the Soviets ing their boost phase, so that ABM missiles ument explaining that the U.S.S.R. "is not have developed their own MIRV missiles, each could be launched to kill our missiles before limiting itself to those m111tary means which of which could release a "shower of H-bombs" the decoys and warheads got a chance to the adversary already has," Dr. Agnew says, (perhaps up to ten). Further, Soviet missiles separate from the boosters. "We are completely vulnerable to new sys­ have the size and their boosters the thrust Moreover, the Soviets' offensive force­ tems which we have not heard about, but to carry warheads containing far more nu- their first-strike ICBMs and orbital bombs­ which all of a sudden appear." According to clear firepower than ours-warheads so could be part and parcel of their ABM capa­ the Georgetown Center study, our gravest powerful that they might be effective against bility. The electromagnetic radiations from danger is that we will be taken by" techno­ our underground ICBMs. As Kintner points their very-high-yield blasts might disrupt logical surprise. Military technology has out, missile accuracies constantly are im- our command-control communications by reached a point where strategic-weapons proving, for the Soviets as well as for us, and · burning out circuits and fusing wires to­ breakthroughs which could nullify the it is likely that by 1970 the Soviets will be gether, thus immobilizing our strike-back strongest existing defense posture are pos­ able to drop ICBM warheads within 1500 feet missiles. sible. Many authorities argue that our in­ of bull's-eye. For nearly a year, the U.S. response to the telllgence on the Soviet Union is not good By maintaining and modernizing what is Soviet ABM deployment was to try to talk enough, and that we simply do not know today the world's largest strategic bombard- them out of it, an effort which is continuing enough of Soviet intentions and future tech­ ment force. The Soviets have ostensibly but which thus far has proved unsuccess­ nological efforts. agreed with all who insist that the manned ful. Last September, it was announced that The Soviets are striving to surpass us in bomber is obsolete. Yet, they have a force of we will build a limited ABM defense. Its pri- these ways: 1100 bombers-the largest in the world- mary purpose, we are told, will be to defend By establishing the beginning of a space- which they have been modernizing. Soviet against the kind of modest ICBM attack strategists say their bomber force 1s meant Red China wlli be able to launch by 1972 1 For instance, the Soviets must know­ to attack in mop-up fashion, behind an or 1973. and we, since we have not tested in the ICBM strike, and they would first launch nu- . The Administration emphasized that it has very-high-yield field, can only guess-what clear missiles from beyond the range of our no intention of building a full-scale ABM effect tremendous bur&ts of hot X rays from anti-aircraft defenses. defense, the explanation being that this super-megaton shots in space would have on By last August our nuclear-bomber fleet would only force the Soviets to devise new incoming ICBMs. had shrunk to 635 aircraft (from upwards ways to penetrate with their offensive forces. 1744 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 31, 1968 At the same time, the Secretary of Defense to act. Congress' armed-services committees particularly United States initiatives, .or an said, "They have been building up their need the support of an _informed American activist agency for hemispheric cooperation. strategic missile forces. We had no choice public. The decision to retain military su­ In our view, the OAS shoUld strike for the but to take some additional steps to main­ premacy still rests with the people-but the larger role; this means it should have a strong tain the adequacy of our own deterrent." hour is very late. leader. Just as the time is past for the United Thus, since we have been unablt: to argue States to impress its will, benevolently or the Soviets out of deploying an ABM defense, otherwise, on Latin America, so the time is we are to deploy one designed to blunt an past for Latin America to hang back from attack from Red China, one reason being common action with the United States. Elec­ that the Soviets are expanding their strat egic Double Challenge tion of a narrowly regional figure as Secre­ missile force. Such woolly rationalizin1 is tary General would cost the OAS the oppor­ difficult to follow. The fact that the ABM i..leld tunity to fulfill its potential. A compromise is one wherein major breakthroughs are pos­ candidate would not be much better. sible and where we, with our still substantial HON. F. BRADFORD MORSE Almost a month has passed since the last leads on the Soviets in advanced electronics OF MASSACHUSETTS ballot and more than a month remains until and computer technologies, still could IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the next, although the matter will surely achieve superiority. Since the evidence war­ come up at today's OAC Council meeting. rants our entry into this field, we would be Wednesday, January 31, 1968 That interval makes possible a general sim­ well advised to work as rapidly as possible Mr. MORSE of Massachusetts. Mr. mering down; indeed, there are encouraging toward breakthroughs which will give us the signs that the simmenng nas airea y begun. best possible ballistic-missile defense against Speaker, the recent allegations of mis­ It means that the OAS in February will be all potential enemies. handling of funds on the part of offi­ able to choose a Secretary General on the Apart from provoking the Soviets, relqc­ cials of the Organization of American basis of his qualifications; secondary political tance to proceed with a full-scale ABM sys­ States points up the need to reexamine factors would not have to be decisive. The tem was based on the military axiom that the role and the structure of the Inter­ chief beneficiary doubtless will be Galo Plaza the best defense is a good offense. Our mili­ American group. Established in part as a Lasso of Ecuador, who is widely considered tary leaders agree-provid~d the United response to the wishes of the hemisphere the best-qualified candidate. In the first, States plans a good offense for the future. to retain an identity independent of the footless round of politicking, his candidacy "But we haven't done this for the past six or appeared to be ho~lessly stalled. With the seven years," says Schriever. "The Defense United Nations in the early postwar opportunity now open for a fresh start, there Department has refused to give the nation period, the OAS has performed mighty is reason to hope that his candidacy can be the best offensive deterrent to Soviet aggres­ services to the American Republics. But revived and much to be said for giving it an­ sion. We are placing ourselves in a position the recent charges require us to take a other try. where the Soviets might be able to make cold, hard look at its responsibilities in the hard calculations about the possibility of 1960's and the 1970's. All of these ele­ knocking out our offensive capability with a ments are tied up in the question of suc­ surprise attack. This position should be un­ The Selective Migration Program of the acceptable to all of us." cession to the omce of Secretary General Intergovernmental Committee for Eu­ of the OAS. THE DECISION IS OURS In a recent editorial the Washington ropean Migration The American Security Council and Post ·discussed the issues at stake and I Georgetown Center studies and the Kintner book, and indeed, the Soviets themselves include the editorial in the REcORD for HON. EMANUEL CELLER the benefit of my colleagues: make it clear that the U.S.S.R. has no inten­ OF NEW YORK tion of settling for "mutual deterrence," but DOUBLE CHALLENGE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES is aiming instead for military supremacy; in Coincidentally, a whiff of scandal has aris­ fact, the evidence has become so ominously en from the Organization of American States Wednesday, January 31, 1968 convincing that we must worry about the just at the moment when it is mightily pre­ Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, it was my years just ahead. occupied by the quest for a new Secretary Leading Soviet strategists time and again General. The upshot is that the hemisphere's pleasure to preside on January 24, 1968, publicly have insisted that victory in nu­ only collective political instrument faces a over a meeting of my colleagues from the clear war will go to the side that is best pre­ double challenge-to its institutional integ­ Committee on the Judiciary, Messrs. pared to wage nuclear war, and that the So­ rity and to its international role. FEIGHAN, RODINO, ROGERS of Colorado, viet Union is so preparing itself; and Kintner The scandal, which concerns certain field DOWDY, McCULLOCH, MOORE, MACGREGOR, finds that the Soviets lay great stress on the office funds not checked by annual headquar­ and McCLORY, with a special delegation value of a preemptive surprise attack-with ters audits, is perhaps best to be understoOd of the Intergovernmental Committee for no formal declaration of war. Moreover, says in terms of the traditional bureaucratic style Kintner, America will be their main adver­ European Migration-ICEM-composed of the OAS. Administrative reform has occa­ . of Ambassador Jose Ricardo Martinez sary. sionally reared its head but in the main it It was inevitable that the Soviets, having has been blunted by Secretariat back-scratch­ Cobo, Ecuadorian Ambassador and pres­ mastered their own nuclear and missile ers. This pattern might have continued in­ ent Chairman of ICEM's Council; Am­ technologies, would gain on us. It is not in­ definitely, had not one of its leading prac­ bassador Antonio Garcia Lahiguera, Di­ evitable that they achieve supremacy. But, titioners, the Secretariat's administrative di­ rector-General of Consular Affairs of the should they score breakthroughs in the of­ rector, roamed out of his own preserve and Spanish Foreign omce, and Spanish fensive technologies we know that they are begun to campaign for his favorite candidate delegate to ICEM; Her Excellency developing, or come up with highly reliable for the Secretary Generalship. For this, the Senora Dona Ana Marie Zaefferer new strategic systems we have not yet heard incumbent, Dr. Jose Mora, was forced to fire de Goyeneche, Ambassador of Argentina, of, it could overnight shift the balance of him. strategic power to the Soviet Union. Even if The administrative ineptness was not permanent representative in Geneva; Mr. this did not mean that the Soviets would thereby swept aside. But, in a telling and Jose Nogueira-Filho, secretary of the launch a nuclear war against us-a possi­ overdue gesture, Dr. Mora restored to Secre­ permanent delegation of Brazil in bility that no longer should be considered tariat power the financial expert whose ear­ Geneva; Mr. Bastian W . Haveman, Di­ remote-the Georgetown Center spells out lier downgrading had signified the ascend­ rector of ICEM; Mr. Walter M. Bester­ what we sur~ly could expect: a far more ag­ ancy of bureaucratic inadequacy. Dr. Mora, man, Deputy Director of ICEM; Mr. Gia­ gressive Soviet foreign policy; U.S. conces­ and his successor, must continue to press cinta Maselli, Assistant Director for Op­ sions on many issues long in contention; hard for Secretariat reform if the OAS is to erations; and Mr. Eduardo Becerra, Ex­ a greatly inhibited U.S. response to commu­ gain the respect it needs to be more than an nist-inspired wars of liberation; greater sup­ elegant diplomatic watering hole. ecutive Assistant to the Director. port for the Soviet Union from nonaligned The question of the succession is unre­ As my colleagues in the House well nations. In short, it would mean an end to solved despite four ballots and a burst of know, the members of our committee the cold war, with victory to the Soviet politicking that has surprised all those who have attended every Council session of Union. thought or feared that the OAS was a mere ICEM since the inception of the orga­ Congress is charged by the Constitution extension of the State Department. The elec­ nization in ·1951 and have ·exercised a with the maintenance of the armed forces, tion campaign has brought out some salient continuous watchfulness over ICEM ac­ and for years the armed-services committees hemispheric traits: regional pettiness, na­ of Congress have been pleading with the De­ tivities, pursuant to sect.ion 136 of Pub­ tional and personal jealousy, an excess of lic Law 601, 79th Congress. fense Department to proceed with the devel­ Latin pride and heavy-handedness on the opment of the strategic-weapons technolo­ part of Washington. But the campaign has The specific purpose of the visit in gies that our military professionals and all also given the OAS the unexpected chance to Washington of the highest ranking dig­ logic insist must be developed. But the De­ deCide just what kind· of organization it nitaries of ICEM was to establish closer fense Department has consisten·tly · refused wants to be: a hobble on national initratives, cooperation of that organization with the January- 31, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF ·REMARKs· 1745 various regional international organiza­ cently, when sufficient domestic output in Appllcants are chosen on the basis of thor­ tions operating in the Western Hemi­ this category was achieved in Latin America. ough technical interviews. They are given For several years after 1960, extensive efforts detailed information about living and work­ sphere; namely, the Inter-American De­ were made to organize land settlement, ing conditions in Latin America, assisted in velopment Bank, the Organization of though without much success because of the their negotiations with employers and American States, the Alliance for Prog-· difficulty of securing investment capital. guided through all phases of documentation. ress, and others, for the prime purpose Aside from these limted efforts at qualitative Finally, they are transported to their desti­ of entering into a partnership with these migration, no specific high-level migration nations at very low cost. In specially deserv­ organizations so as to develop more scheme was attempted by ICEM until after ing cases, salaries are supplemented during rapidly ICEM's program of selective mi­ 1962. the initial period if they are too low .com­ gration to Latin America. That program The Selective Migration Program itself pared to what is offered in Europe. Funds has been of particular interest to the U.S. came of age at the end of 1965, when the are also available to care for dependents re­ ICEM Council of Member Governments maining temporarily in Europe or to com­ Government and has received full sup­ adopted a resolution endorsing the Program pensate for re-installation expenses. port of the Congress. and recognizing that it is a useful comple­ The immigrants are received by ICEM mis­ In order to acquaint the House of this ment to existing bilateral and multilateral sions in Latin America and introduced to important activity of ICEM, which has programs of co-operation. Other agencies employers. They are given free medical and developed parallel to other activities of send temporary experts to Latin America, but accident insurance during the first year after ICEM, namely, the resettlement of ICEM sends skilled workers, technicians, arrival and board and lodging until gainful refugees and national migrants, I wish engineers, teachers and specialists who be­ employment begins. In case of emergency to include the full text of the special re­ come integrated into the economic and social they can be given material help. fabric of their new countries. A recent com­ IV. SELECTION IN EUROPE port prepared by ICEM for their visit in munication from the ILO in connection with Washington. the Ottawa Plan of Human Resources Devel­ The principal missions or offices of ICEM The report is as follows: opment in Latin America illustrates the ac­ for selective migration are located in Spain, THE SELECTIVE MIGRATION PROGRAM OF ICEM ceptance of the complementary role of ICEM. Italy, Germany and Belgium. At present these countries are the main sources of I. INTRODUCTION The ILO welcomes ICEM co-operation in the development of a common approach to em­ middle- and high-level skilled migrants for Latin America is short of human capital ployment and manpower planning in Latin Latin America. The ICEM missions in Austria for its economic development. Domestic man­ America and in the immigration aspects of and Greece have begun recently to set up power is being trained and educated in large selective migration facillties as well, and a numbers to meet the shortage, but the pace the establishment and implemei,ltation of manpower programs. special omce at the Geneva Headquarters of of development is such, and the time required ICEM processes the growing number of ap­ for training and education so long, that the Statistics for the period from 1957 to 1967 plications from countries such as Switzer­ existing immediate gap can only be filled mirror the evolution of qualitative migration land, France and the United Kingdom, in from sources outside Latin America. under ICEM. Non-qualitative movements de­ which there are no ICEM offices. The need of human capital from outside creased from over 40,000 in 1957 to some 1,500 in 1967 (owing largely to the applica­ The :field staff in Europe devoted to selec­ sources can be met in part by planned· im­ tive migration is composed of 33 officials and migration of human capital from Western tion of increasingly selective family reunion criteria by Latin American governments), employees, including 9 technical selectors, E~ope, where there is a reservoir <>f sk1lls obviously a small number for a large area and experience. The European b_ pigrant roughly one-third of these movements, never­ and exacting and time-consuming work. comes with the intention of lear1!1ng the theless, having been formed of active working Nevertheless, as all of the ICEM missions in language, putting his children in the local elements. On the other hand, movements Europe base their activities on co-operation schools and working hard to make a success under qualitative programs first fell from with the government agencies dealing with of his new life. The total cost of his migra­ 1,562 in 1957 to 404 in 1963 and then rose, manpower, emigration or development aid tion through the services of the ICEM Selec­ reaching 701 in 1966 and over 1,000 in 1967. matters, substantial results have been tive Migration Program is a little over $1,000. ICEM thus moved a good number of skilled achieved. ICEM has the confidence of Euro­ The Latin American• countries reoognize workers to Latin America in the first part of pean governments as to the care it exercises the crucial importance of immigration for its existence, though to a large extent these in securing satisfactory conditions in Latin their development and have turned to ICEM were attracted without resort to concerted America for their nationals and to the real­ for help. In response, ICEM has refined selec­ multilateral efforts. By contrast, in later ism of its approach regarding the numbers tion methods, opened up new channels to the years movement has taken place within the of middle- and high-level personnel which manpower markets of Europe and developed framework of a multilaterally financed pro­ it can channel out of Europe for the benefit means of ascertaining with precision the gram designed specifically to attract this class of Latin America. The European governments critical manpower needs of Latin America of manpower to Latin. America. The con­ guard their human capital, of course, par­ which it attempts to satisfy. sequence has been not only to reverse the ticularly in a period of economic prosperity, The Selective Migration Program is begin­ downward trend of the flow, but also to when there are shortages in many categories. ning to produce results and to receive consid­ upgrade the quality of the persons being Yet they are aware that emigration of even erable attention as a tool to assist Latin moved and to place them more precisely than modest numbers of middle- and high-level America. But can ICEM's machinery create a before in the sectors where shortages are personnel represent noteworthy contribu­ current of human capital to Latin America? acute. tions to Latin America and can be allowed Are the skilled migrants it proposes to move m . THE MACHINERY to emigrate without damage to their own available in Europe? Are they capable of The selective migration machinery of ICEM manpower markets. They trust ICEM to gauge making an impact on Latin America? There is, in simple terms, a high-level international the numerical level at which selective migra­ appears to be sumcient evidence to give af­ manpower exchange with sophisticated tech­ tion should operate and then to carry out firmative answers to these questions. nical ability, intimate contact with labor all the practical work connected with this markets and close ties with national devel­ new form of development aid. n. EVOLUTION OF SELECTIVE MIGRATION opment plans. It is an outgrowth of the popu­ The fact that the recruitment activity is ICEM has been concerned with the transfer lation transfer machinery of the early days conducted by an international agency rather of human resources between continents since of ICEM, modified to handle persons in high than by an interested foreign government or its founding in 1951. It organized overseas levels of occupation. by commercial/ industrial interests situates movement of large numbers of refugees and ICEM carries out selective migration the co-operation of the European govern­ unemployed persons in Europe in the early through a network of missions in Latin ments in the sector of multilateral efforts to years, setting up complete machinery which America and Europe. Experienced officials in enhance the economic development of Latin by the end of 1967 had resettled 1,525,000 Latin America maintain contact with all America, in itself an attractive political fea­ people. This machinery cont inues to function sectors and with government agencies in ture. today. ICEM now has a unique body of ex­ order to gather information about needs of In Spain, ICEM works closely with the perience and a comprehensive system of po­ qualified manpower which cannot be satis­ Spanish Institute for Emigration, which is litical and operational contacts for migration fied locally. (This direct contact with the the agency for expression of the Spanish purposes. manpower markets of the Latin American Government policy in the field of emigration. The machinery of ICEM has evolved to countries constitutes the only assessment The Deputy Chief of the ICEM Mission in meet the changing demand for services in being made at present of the immediate Madrid is also the head of the office within Latin America. In the early period, move­ high-level manpower gap in Latin America: the Institute which is responsible for high­ ments to Latin America came mainly from government authorities are usually not level emigration from Spain. The Institute the re-uniting of wives and children with equipped to estimate it.) They select the job has many practical facilities for reaching in­ heads of family. Many persons with skills or to the labor market of Spain, classifying and professional qualifications were _included in offers they know by experience are capable processing applicants and carrying out liaison this flow, but programs designed specifically of attracting Europeans, make full technical with other government agencies. These fa­ to encourage them to migrate did not exist. descripdons and dispatch them to the Eu­ cillties have been put at the disposal of St arting in 1956 IC.EM operated ~me rela­ ropean missions for recruitment through the ICEM and are proving invaluable for its work. tively low level training programs for young channel~? that have ~een . established to the The Institute also has made available to single migrants. These continued until re- middle- and high-level manpower markets. ICEM its well equipped "House of America" 1746 EXTENSIONS OF -REMARKS. January· 31, 1968 tn Vigo for the purpose of" giving specialized which ICEM ca.n. receive and process appU­ transferred -as it increases selective migration training to certain categories of highly catio:ns. The Geneva. omee has esta.bUshed movements. At present it ooncentrates. on skilled Spanish workers going to- Latin Amer­ channels to La:tin American Consulates in placemen" of fully qualified Elllopeans. It ica. In creating this special rel&'taonship be­ these countries and to various non-govern­ plans. in addition to thlsr to expand train­ tween the Institute and ICEM, the Spanisb mental ageneies in them which ha:ve Infor­ ing programs, since these ·are capable of spe.;. Govei'Dment has made plain its confidence mation about pel'S()ns. who migbt be inter­ cific orientation to the needS" of Latin Amer­ in ICEM to handle selective emigration :from. ested to migrate to Latin America. Interest ica, and to include training of Latin Ameri~· Spain to Latin America and, in particular~ in selective migration has grown fast as in­ cans in Europe. Steps have already been to be· responsible for all operations at the :ronnation is spread from one applicant to taken in this direction in Spain, where there Latin American end. This . is significant m another of the success of the ICEM program. is a possibility ·of using the House ot Amer­ view of the strong political interes.t of the 'V. AVAILABILITY OF SKILLED MIGRANTS ica. and in Belgium and Germany. the G:ov­ Government to try to. maintain. a predomi­ ernments of which are considering schemes nant Spanish element in the flow of high­ An appreciable number of qualified per­ for training Latin Am.erican workers and level manpower from Europe to Latin sans in Europe would like to emigrate to placing them in industry for periods up to America. Latin America if they could find out more two years. ICEM also envisages increased The ICEM ofilce in Italy works in close co­ about it and be assisted to get positions and participation in programs of other agencies operation with the Emigration Bureau of the integrate into the new surroundings. They for moving volunteer workers to Latin Amer­ Foreign Ministry and also with the Italian believe there is better opportunity for ad­ ica. In particular, reduced transport costs Ministry of Labor. Through its. relations with vancement there than in Europe. could allow these agencies to increase t.he the latter it is able to use Labor omce prem.­ This potential has not been tapped fuily numbers of volunteers they send. ises in various parts. of Italy for interviews yet by ICEM because of the thinness of its selective migration staff and the lack of Looking to the future, ICEM would like and selection of applicants. Recently the to build up its technical capacity in Europe Italian Government has given ICEM permis­ means to carry out publicity on a sufficiently large scale. However, reaction to the llmited by expanding the selection staff and stream­ sion to increase advertising of vacancies in lining procedures. It would like as well to Latin America and has permitted it for the advertising carried out so far demonstrates clearly its existence .. It is not uncommon to increase the means of advertising vacancies first time to. initiate an "open placement" in LBJtin America and to improve informa­ scheme to Brazil, under which skilled work­ ha..ve several hundred replies to an advertise­ ment. Such a volume of applications taxes tion material. It, believes that the move to ers and technicians in categories known to be a new country should be made easier for generally in strong demand are selected in the selection structure: it is likely that an increase of selective migration movements high-level migrants by putting langauge Italy and moved to. Brazil, With placement training on a systematic basis. and increas­ occurring· after their anival. will require not only more funds for adver­ tising but also a moderate expansion of the ing the provisions for temporary assistance In Germany, ICEM works in close co-op­ to compensate for salary: ditferences and les­ eration with the Federal Bureau of Employ­ facilities. for ,processing applicants. The work of the field staff in Europe sen the cost of installation. ment, the Foreign Section of whfcb has des­ There are several ways in wbtch ICBM ignated staff exclusively for work on selective should not be judged merely on the numbers moved. The complexity of manpower trans­ would like to step up recruitment. Visits to migration. The Bureau has extensive services Europe of Latin American placement officers in all parts o! Western Germany which are fer programs increases geometrically as the level of occupatl:ons goes up. For every per­ in order to carry out interviews dirootly of great use to ICEM. in publicizing o1fers should be more frequent. "Open placement", and pre-selecting applicants. The ICEM Mis­ son who embarks under the Selective Migra­ by means of which qualified Europeans are sicm in Bonn bas a technical selector who tion Program. two or three will have with­ drawn at the last moment before leaving. sent to Latin America. without delay and works filll-time in co-operation with the placed after arrival, should be expanded. Bureau to circulate job otfers and sCTeen Ten or fifteen will have withdrawn their ap­ plications midway ln processing, been re­ New sources should be ex.plc.ed. such aa grad­ applicants. ICEM's contacts with the Fed­ uates of high-level technical schools and eral Government have been broadened in jected by potential employers or been inter­ viewed and found lacking in qualifications. assistant univenity professors. Both cate­ the last year to include the Ministry for gories of person find it difficult sometimes Economic Co-operation. This indicates the Beyond these are many persons who never reach the stage o! technical Interview. but to obtain Baltlsitactory economic advancement awareness o! the Government o! the devel­ in Europe. The possibility of going to Latin opment aid aspects of selective migration. who must be given attention and dealt with courteously before a decision can be made. America, where initiative and hard work are The Ministry is interested to enter into co­ often rewarded quicker. is attractive to them. operation with ICEM in regard to securing As a consequence, for every person moved a:nd placed there can be twenty to twenty­ There a.re also good opportunities to in­ high-level manpower for specific develop­ crease recruitment by examining in depth the ment projects in which the Government par­ five persons with whom ICEM must deal in some or all of the lengthy stages of corre­ occupations on whtch there is redundancy in ticipates :financially. Europe. Lastly, lCEM intends to continue to The basis tor co-operation in Belgium is spondence, technl.cal selection, orientation, visa processing and negotiations with em­ expand selection in countries. where selec­ a close working contact with the Bureau for tive migration is a rela.tfveliy new ac:tivity, Development Co-operation of the Belgian ployers, whether or not nwvement :finally takes pla:ce. like Switzerland, Austria, Greece-. the United Foretgn Ministry. In the past the Bureau was Kingdom and. perhaps. Scandinavia. oriented toward the forlll-er Belgian Congo. There were 2,100 applications in processing at the end of- October 1967, corresponding to On a more general level, lCEM hopes. that It has now shifted attention to Latin Ainer­ agencies engaged. in development; aid work ica.. and views ICEM as an important opera­ 1,800 openings tn Latin America. The total fn Latin America will become interested ln tional partner in thia connection. ICEM number of applications processed from the beginning o! the year up to that time, in­ mak:.ing use of its operational link to Europe. operations. in Belgium a.re carried out ICEM utilized its contaets in Europe on a through. an ofil.ce which is aclministered eluding persons who had depa:rted or with­ drawn during the period, was about 5,000, good offices basis to. set up a successful co­ jointly. by IC:EM. and the Bureau. This gives operatives training program in tbe Nether­ ICEM access to. the manpower market in comprising !,300 and 1,800 persons In the pro1ession&l and sub-professional categories, lands and Spain for USAID employees from Belgium, which is weil supplied with ex­ respectively, and 1,900 persons with highly Ecuador. It is hoped that this will lead to perienced persons in many trades and pro­ skilled '}r skilled tradeS'. The divisic>n among movement of experienced rice farmers and fessions returning from the Congo. It also co-operative managers from Spain to means that ICEM will be asked to participate the CO'dntrles in Europe was as follows~ Ecuador. increasingly In the staffing of development Belgium ------­ 1,000 projects, since the Bureau is a major vehicle 450 Vll. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SELECTIVE lit available locally, and tion Otllce is based on understandings with 91:. DEVELOPMENT OF' THE PBOG:aA1'4: that;. the numbers arriving are not so large the Governments of Prance, Switzerland and ·ICEM' hopeS to embrace more of the vari­ as to depress salaries. They realize also that the United Kingdom in aecordance with ous. ways in which human resources can be selective migration is complementary to do- January 31, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1747 mestic technical education programs. Tech­ progressively to accommodate a higher level In Colombia, as an example, an Italian tech­ nical education no matter how much is of trades. Training in Brazil is often carried nician moved by ICEM to a food processing invested in it, will take a number of years out in conjunction with special courses given firm in Barranquilla greatly improved the to bear fruit and even then probably not before departure from Europe, for example in quality and output of the preserves made by provide all of the skills needed. collaboration with the Spanish Government it and soon became chief of production. Governments of Latin America are im­ at its House of America in Vigo or in col­ Other food processing firms in Colombia are pressed by the low per capita cost of selec­ laboration with the ILO at its International seeking now the assistance of ICEM. tive migration. They consider that this Centre for Advanced Technical and Voca­ Education and training are other impor­ should make the Program appealing to coun­ tional Training at Turin, in Italy. The facili­ tant fields of activity for selective migration. tries who are looking for ways to help Latin ties of existing reception centres operated Nearly 100 European university graduates America. Hence the drive of the Latin Ameri­ by ICEM, particularly in Sao Paulo, are being have been s~tled in Latin America under can countries to secure support for it from re-adapted in order to provide reception, ICEM auspices, mainly in Brazil and Colom­ the other Member Governments of ICEM. integration and outplacement services for bia, and are now teaching or carrying out re­ ICEM missions in Latin America work high-level technical and professional per­ search activities in universities. Surveys are closely with planning and manpower author­ sonnel who will be arriving from Europe in preparation in these countries to estimate ities. However, the governments generally under ICEM auspices for interview and place­ future needs of university professors which lack the means to identify specific manpower ment in Braz111an industry. It is planned cannot be satisfied locally. These surveys will shortages, and ICEM therefore has an im­ also to create a language training and ori­ be ca.rried out jointly by ICEM and national portant role to play in its co-operation with entation center in Brazil for groups of young authorities. The Ministry of Education in the authorities. It determines immediate graduates from high-level technical schools Brazil is prepared to make funds available manpower needs by its own means from in Europe, particularly in Belgium, Ger­ to supplement salaries which may be too low, direct contact with the industrial and agri­ many and the Netherlands, who do not yet initially, compared with European standards. cultural economies of the countries. In sev­ have experience in industry. Further exam­ ICEM has recruited and moved vocational eral of the larger countries it has stimulated ples of ICEM participation in training are training instructors to Colombia and Peru. the drawing up of lists of industrial trades the vocational training program operated in It is participating actively in bringing quali­ which are in permanent demand and in conjunction with the Colombian National fied European instructors !or a new network which qualified immigrants can be placed Vocational Training Agency in Cali and the of handicraft schools in Colombia, and in without waiting. On the basis of these lists projected Bahia Blanca center for reception view of growing interest in expanding the it has begun open placement, which permits and adaptation of migrants in Argentina. tourist trade, in Ecuador it is collaborating interview between applicants and employers ICEM also organizes courses for national im­ in the establishment of a Pan-American in the country of immigration and elimi­ migration officials in which placement offi­ hotel school in which immigrant experience nates many of the costly drop-outs that oc­ cers of ICEM sometimes participate. These will have an important role. cur during pre-placement negotiations. courses have been useful to acquaint immi­ The Latin American countries have a spe­ The presence of ICEM in Latin America in gration officials in Latin America with the cial interest in the development of agricul­ fact makes up to a large extent for the lack requirements of selective migration and to ture. ICEM directs selective migration to of national structures to handle immigra­ create effective working relations between that sector, too. It is assisting a number of tion. In most instances the countries are not them and the ICEM missions. Swiss farm families to re-establish them­ equipped to receive and care for high-level Other instances of ICEM co-operation with selves in Paraguay, which has a keen desire immigrants. They are even less equipped to national authorities are: the high-level to use immigrant experience to bring large, undertake recruitment and selection opera­ placement bureau operated jointly with the unexploited areas of the country into cul­ tions in Europe. Only one of the Latin Amer­ Chilean Ministry of Labor; the close rela­ tivation. In the same country ICEM is study­ ican countries (Brazil) carries out selection tion with the Chilean National Development ing plans of the Government to set up a dairy operations in Europe, yet the Government Agency to promote establishment of selected center and wheat farms to be operated by of Brazil supports the Selective Migration immigrants in small enterprises; the selec­ European families. In Argentina, ICEM has Program as an essential complement to its tive migration office operated jointly in placed a substantial number of European own work. Argentina had a selection service Ecuador by ICEM and CENDES, the national farm families-mainly Spanish-{)n the big for relatively low-level trades in the past agency for promotion of small business; and which no longer exists. Furthermore, the farms of the interior to work as :managers, the arrangement whereby ICEM handles all tenant-farmers or share-croppers. This influx countries of Latin America are not geared in reception and onforwarding of immigrants the main to offer the full range of incentives has been highly appreciated by Argentina, in Colombia against reimbursement by the where a steady movement away from the land necessary to attract qualified immigrants Government. from Europe. ICEM can supply some of the has contributed to the decline of the agri­ incentives through its Adjustment Fund and VIIl. NUMBERS AND THEm IMPACT culture economy. ICEM has also assisted the Integration Assistance facilities, by means ICEM moved 1,010 persons to Latin Amer­ country to re-build its cattle herds by bring­ of which it is possible to compensate initial ica under the Selective Mieration Program in ing in veterinarians from Europe, and is salary differences, give material help when the period from 1 January to end of Decem­ maintaining contact with the authorities in re-installation becomes burdensome, and ber 1967. These included 377 persons in pro­ regard to the good possibilities in many parts provide social welfare assistance in the form fessional occupations, 345 in sub-professional of the country, such as Comahue region, to of insurance, replacement in alternative em­ occupations•and 288 with medium- or high­ carry out land settlement. ployment, if necessary, and financial aid in level sk1lls. Of these, 378 persons went to ICEM believes ·that the introduction of case of emergency. The low-cost processing Brazil, the major receiving country. Other small nuclei of experienced European farm and transport services of ICEM also con­ important receiving countries were Chile families can be a positive factor for the suc­ stitute incentives. They reduce the cost of (130) and Colombia (157). Argentina, with cess of land settlement schemes. In Brazil, emigration considerably and provide a wel­ only 53 selected immigrants, is a country ICEM has been connected with the develop­ come guide through the maze of emigration with much potential where there has not yet ment of several European farm colonies. It procedures. been time to build up number's, since activa­ operates centers in two Dutch colonies for Selective migration is a multilateral oper­ tion of immigration policy occurred there the training of young men from Brazil and ation at the service of the countries of Latin only recently. other countries of Latin America in modern America. It has been created on a multilat­ It remains to give a few examples of the xnethods Of dairy farming and rural co­ eral basis because bilateral arrangements be­ impact of selected migration on Latin Amer­ operative management. This is a good demon­ tween Latin American and European coun­ ica. The contribution to industry is exem­ stration of the way in which European skills tries would not be practical unless backed plified by the more than 100 highly trained and experience can be disseminated in Latin up by large-scale emigration and immigra­ Belgian, Italian and Spanish industrial tech­ America by immigrants. tion structures such as those of Australia, nicians placed in Brazil in 1967. 67 were ICEM also helps the small enterprise sector. Canada and the Netherlands. Huge struc­ placed with electric power companies ex­ The immigrant frequently has initiative and tures like these would be out of the question panding their facilities with the help of de­ a desire to make an independent living which in the majority of the countries of Latin velopment loans. The Sao Paulo Light Com­ are valuable to his new country. The most America in present circumstances, not to pany alone received 26 such specialists and active program in this connection is the one mention the fact that even they are oriented has asked for more. These have made a in Chile, where ICEM work with the National to mass migration without special regard for notable contribution to the development of Development Agency to promote the estab­ trade and professional qualifications. electric power facilities in the country. In lishment of small enterprises operated by ICEM also complements national struc­ Chile, the textile industry, which is under­ selected European immigrants. It has already tures in Latin America by participating in going concentration and technical change, set up a number of independent repe.irshops training operations to the extent that this benefited significantly from the highly in key service trades, particularly farm ma­ is of help to adapt sk1lled immigrants for skilled technicians it received through ICEM. work within the context of the technical and These technicians introduced new methods, chinery· repair. These are a good contribution social requirements of Latin American in­ particularly in the fields of artificial fiber to agriculture in the country, the rapid dustry. The function of the training pro­ and industrial design. The molders, die mak­ mecha.n.ization of which had outstripped the grams of ICEM is seen clearly in Brazil, ers and draughtsmen brought by ICEM to developxnent of repair and maintenance where joint ICEM-Government training cen­ the metal and plastics industries in the same facilities. The shops have been successful. ters of long standing are being modiflec:l coun~r! have also been h~ghly appreciated. ICEM has many qualified applicants in 1748 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE February 1, I968 Europe ready to man whatever future repair­ At present-, a dependent brother, sis­ court's decision that ·the ve:rSe violates the shops the Chilean Na.tional Development ter, or other relative of a deceased wage First Amendment to the US Censtitution. Agency will finance. Although the force at the decision will af­ earner is left in the cold as far as social fect oniy the section of the country where IX. CONCLUSIONS security payments when that wage this particular court has Jurisdiction, the rul­ 1. In Latin America. the impact of ICEM's earne:r dies. Except for funeral expenses ing perhaps Is an Indication of things to Selective Migration Program has been suffi­ paid, all of the deceased's social security come. By refusing to review the decision, the cient to generate strong interest of the Gov­ contrtbutions are lost unless there is a Supreme Court said fn effect that it agreed. ernments and of the private sector. Similar surviving spouse. We feel it is safe to predict that it won't recognition is. gradually becoming more evi­ be long before the high court orders the re­ dent in countries. outside Latin America My proposed legislation would remedy mova:r of the word God :from our coins, from which have instituted foreign technical as­ this great injustice. Under this legisla­ pubifc buildings and perhaps even the Dec­ sistance programs. tion, if a dependent brother, sister, or laration of Independence which refers to 2. ICEM is performing a uniquely valuable relative of an unmarried wage earner "God" and "Creator." No doubt some half­ function in the international effort to capi­ can show that he or she was receiving wit win bring suit to accomplish this. talize the development of Latin America and at least half support from the wage assist it to arrive at a stage where it can earner, that dependent would be entitled provide for its own basic needs and maintain to monthly insurance benefits. To my a healthy trading economy with the rest of Howard County Gl Dies in. War the world. The lag in the supply of human mind, this sort of humanization of our capital to complement the considerable fi­ existing s-ocial security Iaw is a necessity. nancial capita! made available is so serious HON. CLARENCE D. LONG that the basic common goal of the interna­ tional effort is ln. danger of not being OF KAB.YLAND reached. God Help the United States IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 3. Only planned, selected migration aimed Wednesday, January 31, 1968 at satisfying directly and immediately the most critical shortages of high level man­ HON. JAMES H. (JIMMY) QUILLEN Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, power in Latin America can bring relief in OF TENNESSEE Pfc. Harry S. Fitez, Jr., a soldier from tfme. The Selective Migration Program pre­ Howard County, Md., was recently killed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sents an excellent opportunity to obtain, for in Vietnam. I wish to commend the cour­ a very small investment, a high yield of ap­ Wednesday, January 31, 1968 preciation from Latin America and of prac­ age of this young man and to honor his tical results in the form of fmproved living Mr ~ QUILLEN. Mr. Speaker, the fol­ memory by including the following arti­ standards and the increased political stabil­ lowing editorial, which appeared in the cle in the RECORD: ity that ensues. Knoxville. Tenn., Journal, presents a sad HOWARD CoUNTY GI DIES IN WAR-HARRY s. commentary on another of the deplorable FrrEZ, JR., Kn.LED ON A COMBAT MISSION decisions recently handed down by the Pfc. Harry S. Fitez, Jr., a 1965 graduate of U.S. Supreme Court. Glenelg High School in Howard County, was Fino Reintroduces Legislation To Broaden · I call this editorial to the thoughtful kfiled January 6 in South Vietnam, the De­ fense Department announced yesterday. Social Security Benefits consideration of my colleagues and the Private Fitez-, 20, died from wounds re­ readers of the RECORD: ceived from metal fragments while on a com­ GOD HEI.P THE UNITED- STATES bat missfon, his famfly was notified. PAUL A. 'We thank you for the flowers so sweet: The soldier•s mother, Mrs. Harry S. Fitez, HON. FINO Sr., said yesterday her son was drafted into OF NEW YORK "We thank you for the food we eat: 'We thank you for the birds that sing: the Army last April and had been in Vietnam IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "'We thank you for everything:• for the last four monthS". Private Fitez had worked at Liskey Alumi­ Wednesday, January 31, 196.8 This short verse is familiar to most of us num, Inc., !or almost two years before he Mr. FINO. Mr. Speaker, today I am who attend Sunday School or kindergarten. was drafted. His interests included "working reintroducing my bill to broaden cov­ But, now a federal court has held that it on cars," Mrs. Fitez said. violates our constitutional rights ff children Besides his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Harry erage of social security benefits to are required to say it in kindergarten. S. Fitez, Sr., of Manor lRIIe, Ellfcott City. he include brothers, sisters, and other de­ The US Supreme Court recently refused to is survived by two sisters, Mrs. Nancy Pochs, pendent relatives of a deceased individ­ review· a ruling handed down by the Court of of Baltimore, and Mrs. Loretta Nay, of Penns­ ual fully insured under the act. Appeals in. Chicago, thus upholding the lower boro, W.Va.

SENATE-Thursday,. February 1, 1968 The Senate met at 12. o'clock me1·idian, themselves to our :fiag of red, white, and municated ·to the Senate by Mr. Jones, and was called to order by the President blue. one of his sec:retartes. pro tempore. Give confidence and courage to all who Rev. James P. Wesberry, D.D., pastor, bear the responsibility of government and Morningside Baptist Church, Atlanta, so rule and govern the waywardness and ECONOMIC REPORT OF THE PRESI- Ga .• offered the following prayer: wickedness of man that doors we thought DENT-MESSAGE FROM THE 0 God, our Father, whose love is forever closed may be opened and peace PRESIDENT