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(Of 1918) and Zionism "The Zionist Movement Is Idealistic", the Ideals…

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(Of 1918) and Zionism The American War Congress (of 1918) and Zionism "The Zionist movement is idealistic", the ideals… forgotten? By Jerry Klinger The Balfour Declaration is one of the most momentous documents of the 20th century. The Zionist organization of America asked American Senators and Congressmen to respond, what were their feelings about the Balfour Declaration. During 1918, 61 Senators, 239 Congressmen and Representatives from three U.S. Territories wrote back reflecting on American popular feelings toward the Balfour Declaration, Jews and Zionism. We sit very still in a moving car and look at the world about us. Inside the car time is frozen. Outside the car, to the left and right, we see the world of the present blurring by. Looking in the rear view mirror, fleetingly, quickly, not wanting to take our eyes off of the road for too long, where we came from rapidly fades away to a distant forgetful memory. Looking ahead we strain, anxiously to see what we can of the future that not been arrived at yet. So it is with the Jewish memory of the Zionist story. So it goes. We act like we do not have to know from where we came from and who and how we got here now. Without knowing how can we be sure where we are going? Should Israel no longer be a Jewish State? Should we divide Jerusalem? Should we give up on the dream? Will it be better for Jews somewhere else, perhaps another country? Theodor Herzl – the Jewish State "Palestine is our unforgettable historic homeland. Let me repeat once more my opening words: The Jews who will it shall achieve their State. We shall live at last as free men on our own soil, and in our own homes peacefully die. The world will be liberated by our freedom, enriched by our wealth, magnified by our greatness. And whatever we attempt there for our own benefit will redound mightily and beneficially to the good of all mankind." Theodor Herzl – the Jewish State U.S. Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis "The Zionist movement is idealistic….. America's fundamental law seeks to make real the brotherhood of man. That brotherhood became the Jewish fundamental law more than twenty-five hundred years ago. America is full of nationalities which, while accepting with enthusiasm their new American citizenship, nevertheless look to some center in the old world as the source and inspiration of their national culture and traditions. There is no inconsistency between loyalty to America and loyalty to Jewry. The Jewish spirit, the product of our religion and experiences, is essentially modern and essentially American…. Shall we voluntarily yield to anti-Semitism, and instead of solving our "problem" end it by noble suicide? Surely this is no time for Jews to despair. Let us make clear to the world that we too are a nationality striving for equal rights to life and to self-expression. They believe that only in Palestine can Jewish life be fully protected from the forces of disintegration; that there alone can the Jewish spirit reach its full and natural development; and that by securing for those Jews who wish to settle there the opportunity to do so, not only those Jews, but all Jews will be benefited, and that the long perplexing Jewish Problem will, at fast, find solution. The ghetto walls are now falling. Jewish life cannot be preserved and developed, assimilation cannot be averted, unless there be reestablished in the fatherland a center from which the Jewish spirit may radiate and give to the Jews scattered throughout the world that inspiration which springs from the memories of a great past and the hope of a great future. – A Call to the Educated Jew And since death is not a solution of the problem of life, the solution of the Jewish Problem necessarily involves the continued existence of the Jews as Jews. – Brandeis- the Jewish Problem We seek to protect as individuals those constituting a minority; but we fail to realize that protection cannot be complete unless group equality also is recognized". Brandeis – The Jewish Problem "Tell the entire world that we will never surrender our Homeland!" Women in Green - 2007 The Balfour Declaration Letter to Lord Rothschild from Mr. Arthur James Balfour, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs: Foreign Office, Nov. 2nd, 1917. Dear Lord Rothschild: I have much pleasure in conveying to you on behalf of His Majesty's Government, the following declaration of sympathy with Jewish Zionist aspirations, which has been submitted to, and approved by, the Cabinet: "His Majesty's Government view with favor the establishment in Palestine of a National Home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country." I should be grateful if you would bring this declaration to the knowledge of the Zionist Federation. Yours sincerely, ARTHUR JAMES BALFOUR - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Only 121 words long, the Balfour Declaration spanned the hopes of thousands of years and affected the lives of tens of millions of people. The Declaration, by the British government, is a promise to facilitate the establishment in Palestine of a National Home for the Jewish people. The Declaration was a promise to the Jewish people of the world. It promised to offer a "final solution" to the Jewish Problem. It was a solution that meant life to the Jewish National identity, to Jewish spiritual and cultural revival – to Judaism itself. The boldness of the Declaration for the many horrifically oppressed Jewish minorities, especially in Eastern Europe and in the Arab world, was a hope of physical salvation. Western European Jewry living deep within the delusions of liberalism and emancipation, battled in a rapidly losing war suffered defeat after defeat against the double-edged sword of assimilation. Assimilation offered an end to anti-Semitism but it also meant the demise of Jewish life, even Judaism. Intermarriage reached almost 50% in Germany before World War II. Assimilated Jews were losing their identity and voluntarily committing cultural suicide for security. It was a false security as Hitler proved bitterly, Western Liberalism failed. Inside of the United States, anti-Semitism never reached the level of European experience. America was different. America is different, not because it lacked anti-Semitism. America is different because it is an amalgamation of national, social and religious identities, tension mixing in a caldron of how to live together as one people. European and Muslim anti-Semitism did not find a nourishing environment. Anti-Semitism did travel to America and is present in America. It was unable to root deeply. World War I, the Great War, the War to make the world safe for Democracy was viewed by Americans as a great struggle for progress of freedom over autocracy. It was a idealistic war to change the world for the better. The rights of minorities, trampled for so very long, were finally going to be liberated. President Wilson espoused the ideals of America – recognize and protect the rights of small against the powerful. Wilsonian ideals and American ideals merged to seek freedom and grant national self expression to the many small peoples, the Belgians, the Greeks, the Armenians, the Arabs and the Jews. The Balfour Declaration was a two thousand year old recognition of justice that Wilson supported and the American people supported but, not universally. The Balfour Declaration for Zionism was deeply rejected by the American Jewish Reform movement, the largest American Jewish community. It was bitterly rejected by the American orthodox community. Each viewed Zionism as a major threat to their future and safety. Reform Jews, looking over over their shoulders at the European form of historical anti-Semitism, feared that the loss of American toleration and acceptance. They feared the accusation of dual loyalty. The religious feared the loss of social control over the people if Jews gave up waiting for God to send the Messiah and salvation. They feared if Jews took their salvation into their own hands they would no longer need God. The religious solution to the Jewish problem would mean that Jews no longer needed God. The strongest support for the Balfour Declaration came not from the Jews but from Christians. Largely due to the efforts of one extraordinary Jew, Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis, American political support for the Balfour Declaration and the Zionist ideal was solidified. It was solidified into a joint resolution of Congress Sept 12, 1922. Congress declared and the President of the United States, Warren G. Harding, signed a resolution virtually mirroring the Balfour Declaration. "Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, that the United States of America favors the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of Christian and all other non-Jewish communities in Palestine, and that the Holy places and religious buildings and sites in Palestine shall be adequately protected." The resolution marked the high point of American political support for Zionism until after World War II. The American Foreign Service, much like the British Foreign Service, worked quietly and diligently against Zionism. The passage of the American Congressional Joint resolution, of support for the Jewish National Home was bitter sweet for Justice Brandeis. The Zionist Organization of America had reached its apogee of membership under his stewardship, at about 200,000 members. The American Zionist movement, bitterly fragmented against itself in an internecine struggle for control and direction between the European leadership of Chaim Weizman and the American leadership of Justice Brandeis.
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