DOCSLIB.ORG

Social Relationship and Tax Types in the XIX - XX Century in Bukhara Emirate

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Social Relationship and Tax Types in the XIX - XX Century in Bukhara Emirate INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9, ISSUE 01, JANUARY 2020 ISSN 2277-8616 Social Relationship And Tax Types In The XIX - XX Century In Bukhara Emirate Оchildiev F.B Abstract: By the beginning of the 19th century, the socio-economic and cultural life of the emirate was retained. The low standard of living of the population, the fact that the land ownership pattern has not changed for hundreds of years, excessive taxes and fees have hampered the development of crafts, commerce and other industries in the country. Unprotected ordinary citizens of the country have been subject to c onstant tax and government pressure. This would not allow the population to live freely and improve their lives. Keywords: Bukhara Emirate, tax system, socio-economic life of Bukhara region, Emirate’s population —————————— —————————— 1. INTRODUCTON At the Denov station, Khodzhiniyozboy gave the judge a The wealthy people and wealthy peasants used to buy low- 1,500 coin to divorce his wife (Madjlisov 1967) . From these priced land and the rights of orphans and orphans who data it is clear that those who are rich are not doing their could not afford to cultivate their land for the sake of best to buy Sharia leaders. In the second half of the 19th expanding their land and benefiting more. There are many and the beginning of the 20th centuries, the population's reasons for this. For example, in 1870 Mullah Ishaqkhoja, protest against the tax policy of the Bukhara government who lived in Baysun station, bought a quarter of the increased. The single tax has increased to 40% by this underage son of a simple farmer Berdikul at a relatively low time. In 1871, there were protests by the local population in price, for 12 coins (Madjlisov 1967). There are also cases Karshi and Guzar which turned into a major uprising. The where large-scale landowners are unable to cultivate their number of protesters quickly exceeds 10,000, and the land, giving them a certain amount of money or other insurgents surround the market and the fortress and products on a return basis. In some cases, their land was devastate it (Central State Archives of Republic of th th rented out to farmers and they received 1/5 of the harvest Uzbekistan. Reserve 1, list 34 , 109 folding volume, 17 during the harvest. Thus, the land of several peasants who page). In 1874 there were revolts against the local could not pay their debts was seized(Madjlisov 1967) . In all government and tax collectors in Baljuvan, in 1885 in the of the stops, there were frequent cases of withdrawal of village of Muminabad in Kulyab region (Muhsinova 1965) , farmers' land and mortgage loans. Mohammed Mukumboy in 1886 in Gissar and Baljuvan, and in 1889 in Karat and Sultanboy, a farmer living in the Sariasi estate, borrowed Kalif (Central State Archives of Republic of Uzbekistan. th th from an elder. In return, one tanner in Gazarak village Reserve 2, list 1 , 26 folding volume, 23 page). Not all of pledges to Sultanboy. In 1892 Muqumboy appealed to the these revolts are successful, but they force local authorities judge of Sari'ah asking him to return the land of Shari'a (a to yield to the population, at least. By the second half of the unit of measurement, 60 x 60 sq.), But the judge had no 19th century, East Bukhara buses were considered semi- right to sue him until he paid the 11,500 coins. At the Denov independent, with some irregularities in the collection of station, Elijah the son of Giyas leases a garland from taxes resulting in frequent riots. About 50 taxes and duties Cainbill, paying an annual rent of 170 coins. But he can't were introduced in the Bukhara Emirate, which the pay the rent on time. In three years the rent will reach 500 population had to pay. These taxes and fees are also coins. As a result, Cainbai seized the tenant's house and collected from the stations of Eastern Bukhara, such as gave her another six months. If you do not pay within this Sherabad, Denau, and Baysun. time limit, you will be required to give up your home (Madjlisov 1967) Shari'a scholars have also misused their The following is a list of the main types of taxes positions and have convinced the local population of the collected from the population: tricks they have devised. Where they have money, they 1. The tax on Kharaj-arable lands, including tithe. ignore Sharia laws and commit illegal acts. For example, 2. Customs tax. Denau's judge, Mirrahmon Khudoyberdi, has given 3. Alafpuli is derived from alfalfa and cattle sucking. Togaymurad an underage 12-year-old orphan girl to 4. The tax on garden grapes. coincide with the age of 15 for Makhtamboy Mullo Mir 5. Fish tax - the tax on fruit gardens. Ahmad(Gafurov 1940). In some cases, the scholars of the 6. Ajnos is derived from melons and vegetables. Shari'a did not renounce any prejudice in their own 7. Melon money - tax on melons and watermelons. interests. For example, Hamroqulboy, the son of Yunusboy, 8. Equipment tax - the tax on planting trees and grafting. who lives in Baysun station, paid 400 coins to the judge to 9. Sanjit money - Payment for sanjit trees. 1 divorce his daughter, Odinabibi. 10. Polygamy - building materials and the tax on firewood . 11. Leaf money - Silk Tax. ____________________ 12. Double coin payment from double oxen. 13. Yaksara money - payment from one driver. candidate of historical sciences, docent of the department 14. Zakah is a tax on retail livestock. archaeology and ethnography of the National University of 15. Tax on amino-water use and marketable products. Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulughbek, Tashkent, Uzbekistan ([email protected]) 723 IJSTR©2020 www.ijstr.org INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9, ISSUE 01, JANUARY 2020 ISSN 2277-8616 16. Tagjoy money is from marketers. government in the emirate was not followed. Taxes and 17. Military-tax type. payments are not uniform. Taxes and fees collected from 18. Payment for irrigation facilities - Bogia the population at the eastern Bukhara stations differ slightly 19. Horns and nails are made from building materials (cane, from the stops in West Bukhara. Local officials routinely hay). violated Sharia laws and practically did not. In addition to 20. Payment for cleaning lobbies. the taxes set by the Bukhara government, beekeepers and 21. The tax on water that can be taken from a landfill and property owners imposed a number of additional payments land. and demanded payment from farmers and artisans. 22. The pocket money is for the water lifting device. Obligation to pay Zakoti retail, double bills, yaksara, Asian 23. Payment from the Asian money-mills. money, objujoz money, tax and hay are not specified and 24. Objuvoz money is made from rice mills. the exact amount is not specified. However, local 25. The money for the boat was taken by boat on the river. governments, such as beekeepers and property owners, 26. Farsakh bridge-road bridge.(Majlisov 1967) were compelled to pay the population by introducing 27. Juzya money - Jewish tax. additional payments for their benefit. The exact amount of 28. Arab tax - Arab tax. additional payments has not been fixed at any one time, so 29. The tax on hunter money-hunters. local authorities collect taxes on their own and at their own 30. An emergency military tax is payable. expense. Although officially formally taxed in Eastern 31. The tax on the guard and guard costs. Bukhara from 1/3 to 1/7, practically ½ was taken. Prior to 32. Because the school earns money. the commencement of field work, the two peasants were 33. Zakat is a sales tax. required to pay 4 to 8 coins for each pair of cattle, 60 coin 34. Water money - payment for cargo transported by water. for each horse and 8 coins for each bull. Individuals of one 35. Taxation in favor of the Secretary-Secretary. cow paid half a penny of wheat. The money collected from 36. Well money was taken for the use of well water. this was completely donated. Despite the fact that the 37. The courtyard tax is a property tax. Kaffan farmers paid the tribute, they were obliged to pay 38. Hashar money is from those who did not participate in one pound of wheat for each baton of agricultural produce the hashar. as a share of the estate. Furnace bridge and mill cleaning 39. Tax on marriage-marriage education. fee. From 20 to 100 coins depending on the quantity of 40. Horses - drawn from carts and car owners ( Central refined product. The proceeds from the rigs were also State Archives of Republic of Uzbekistan. Reserve 126, list donated directly to the beekeeper. Mirobona is an irrigation 1 , 1268th folding volume, 76th page) officer appointed by the beekeeper. He obeyed a local According to the report of the charity, the Bukhara emirate landlord, whose business spanned over the summer. In collected the following amount of stops: 270,000 from favor of the mirob, each farmer could pay for a pair of cattle Gissar station, 70,000 from Kulyab station, 140,000 from from one Batman product or for cash. If he had to pay with Guzar, 75,000 from Denau, 38,000 from Karki, 135,000 money, he would have to pay for the most expensive from Shahrisabz, and 100,000 from Sherabad. (Central product on the market, that is, rice. Depending on the State Archives of Republic of Uzbekistan. Reserve 1, list 34 size of the boar (depending on how many gardens or how , 109th folding volume, 17th page) .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Delivery Destinations
    Delivery Destinations 50 - 2,000 kg 2,001 - 3,000 kg 3,001 - 10,000 kg 10,000 - 24,000 kg over 24,000 kg (vol. 1 - 12 m3) (vol. 12 - 16 m3) (vol. 16 - 33 m3) (vol. 33 - 82 m3) (vol. 83 m3 and above) District Province/States Andijan region Andijan district Andijan region Asaka district Andijan region Balikchi district Andijan region Bulokboshi district Andijan region Buz district Andijan region Djalakuduk district Andijan region Izoboksan district Andijan region Korasuv city Andijan region Markhamat district Andijan region Oltinkul district Andijan region Pakhtaobod district Andijan region Khdjaobod district Andijan region Ulugnor district Andijan region Shakhrikhon district Andijan region Kurgontepa district Andijan region Andijan City Andijan region Khanabad City Bukhara region Bukhara district Bukhara region Vobkent district Bukhara region Jandar district Bukhara region Kagan district Bukhara region Olot district Bukhara region Peshkul district Bukhara region Romitan district Bukhara region Shofirkhon district Bukhara region Qoraqul district Bukhara region Gijduvan district Bukhara region Qoravul bazar district Bukhara region Kagan City Bukhara region Bukhara City Jizzakh region Arnasoy district Jizzakh region Bakhmal district Jizzakh region Galloaral district Jizzakh region Sh. Rashidov district Jizzakh region Dostlik district Jizzakh region Zomin district Jizzakh region Mirzachul district Jizzakh region Zafarabad district Jizzakh region Pakhtakor district Jizzakh region Forish district Jizzakh region Yangiabad district Jizzakh region
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    Ministry of Agriculture and Uzbekistan Agroindustry and Food Security Agency (UZAIFSA) Public Disclosure Authorized Uzbekistan Agriculture Modernization Project Public Disclosure Authorized ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Tashkent, Uzbekistan December, 2019 ABBREVIATIONS AND GLOSSARY ARAP Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan CC Civil Code DCM Decree of the Cabinet of Ministries DDR Diligence Report DMS Detailed Measurement Survey DSEI Draft Statement of the Environmental Impact EHS Environment, Health and Safety General Guidelines EIA Environmental Impact Assessment ES Environmental Specialist ESA Environmental and Social Assessment ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan FS Feasibility Study GoU Government of Uzbekistan GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism H&S Health and Safety HH Household ICWC Integrated Commission for Water Coordination IFIs International Financial Institutions IP Indigenous People IR Involuntary Resettlement LAR Land Acquisition and Resettlement LC Land Code MCA Makhalla Citizen’s Assembly MoEI Ministry of Economy and Industry MoH Ministry of Health NGO Non-governmental organization OHS Occupational and Health and Safety ОP Operational Policy PAP Project Affected Persons PCB Polychlorinated Biphenyl PCR Physical Cultural Resources PIU Project Implementation Unit POM Project Operational Manual PPE Personal Protective Equipment QE Qishloq Engineer
    [Show full text]
  • Complex Analysis of Historical Persons, Scientists and Locally Significant Sites in Surkhandarya Region
    Complex Analysis of Historical Persons, Scientists and Locally Significant Sites in Surkhandarya Region Sanabar Djuraeva1; Khurshida Yunusova2 1Candidate of Historical Sciences, Doctoral Student (DSc), National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. 2Professor, Doctor of Historical Sciences, National university of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Abstract This article discusses the geographical location and personification of Islamic shrines in Surkhandarya region. As it is known that Surkhandarya region, which is the southern part of Uzbekistan, is one of the ancient cultural centers not only in Central Asia but also in the East. The region is rich in historical and cultural monuments and has been involved in the process of continuous development for centuries. In the study and scientific analysis of the sacred places of worship in the Surkhandarya oasis, the reasons for their origin, the socio-economic and cultural realities that characterize them are of particular importance. The services of those buried in the shrine to the people, the preservation of peace, the protection of the people from foreign invaders and the provision of victory, the prevention of various diseases and disasters were recognized by the people. Key words: Surkhandarya region, Central Asia, sacred places of worship, shrine 1. Introduction It should be noted that in recent years, the ancient and historical monuments of the Surkhandarya oasis have been studied by archeologists, who have studied the territory, geographical location, architecture of the shrines [1]. Because in Surkhandarya, scholars was born who are famous in the world and have special respect in the Muslim world as Abdullah Tirmidhi, Adib Sabir Tirmidhi, Alovuddin Tirmidhi, Ahmad at-Tirmidhi [2], al-Hakim at-Tirmidhi, Varroq at-Tirmidhi, Yusuf Hayat at-Tirmidhi, Imam Abu Isa at-Tirmidhi, Abu-l-Muzaffar at-Tirmidhi, Sayyid Burhan ad-din Husayn at-Tirmidhi, Alouddin Attar, Daqiqi, Alo ul-Mulk, Sayyid Amir Abdullah Khoja Samandar Tirmidhi, and they acted as masters of Islamic sciences [3].
    [Show full text]
  • Migration Processes in Cities Under the Emirates Of
    NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIONS IN ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY [IJIERT] ISSN: 2394-3696 Website: ijiert.org VOLUME 7, ISSUE 6, June-2020 MIGRATION PROCESSES IN CITIES UNDER THE EMIRATES OF BUKHARA TUROPOVA MOHIDIL TURDIEVNA Termez State University "World History" Teacher of the department +998973505855 [email protected] ABSTRACT In this article, as a result of Russia's vassal subjugation of the Bukhara Khanate, its economic and political control, as well as its interference in its internal affairs, intensified. In accordance with the 1873 Russian Bukhara Treaty, the issue of increasing Russian infiltration into the Bukhara border areas was discussed. KEYWORDS: Chorjuy, New Bukhara (Kagan), Kerki and Termez-Patta-Kesarida, administrative, economic, cultural, military, industrial, merchants, usurers, merchants. INTRODUCTION Russian trade firms are increasingly moving to the khanate, selling their products freely, opening shops, and even settling down and becoming permanent residents. In addressing this important issue, Russia has developed plans to launch the Trans-Caspian-Chorjuy-Katta-Kurgan railway, strengthen water transport through the Amu Darya navy, and build the Bukhara-Termez railway in a short time. It should be noted that even though the lands inhabited by Russian and Russian-speaking people were at the expense of the Emirate of Bukhara, the immigrants did not pay land taxes to the emirate's treasury and did not obey the rules of the emirate. Although Articles 4, 8, 11 and 12 of the 1873 Russian-Bukhara agreement stipulate that a Russian citizen seeking to move to Bukhara must first obtain a special permit from a Bukhara judge and then be registered with a Russian political agency.
    [Show full text]
  • Who Was Astanakul Qushbegi?
    The American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations IMPACT FACTOR – (ISSN 2689-100x) 2021: 5. 857 Published: April 30, 2021 | Pages: 235-238 Doi : https://doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/Volume03Issue04-35 OCLC - 1121105668 Who Was Astanakul Qushbegi? Oltinoy Masaliyevna Masaliyeva Candidate Of Historical Sciences, Uzbekistan State World Languages University, Associate Professor Of, The Department Of History Of Uzbekistan Journal Website: http://usajournalshub.c om/index,php/tajssei Copyright: Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the creative commons attributes 4.0 licence. ABSTRACT In this article studied one of the most outstanding person of the Bukhara emirate Ostonaqul qoshbegi and his place in the life of emirate. KEYWORDS Bukhara emirate, mangit, Eastern Bukhara, Hisar, emir Nasrullo, emir Muzaffar, Astanakul, hakim, qoshbegi, ataliq, bek. INTRODUCTION One of the most famous persons was as the son of emir Nasrullo from his Iranian Astanakul qoshbegi. According to some wife. sources, he was born in 1829. A lot of sources In 1847, 18-year-old Astanakul became a say, he was the close person of emir Nasrullo, "kurchi" given to the children of high-ranking son of Abbosiy but in some sources he was said The USA Journals Volume 03 Issue 04-2021 235 The American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations IMPACT FACTOR – (ISSN 2689-100x) 2021: 5. 857 Published: April 30, 2021 | Pages: 235-238 Doi : https://doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/Volume03Issue04-35 OCLC - 1121105668 officials in Bukhara. When he was young, he Turajon at night arrives at the gates of the became close friends with Amir Muzaffar.
    [Show full text]
  • The Architecture of Towers in Uzbekistan Heritage
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 5, ISSUE 12, DECEMBER 2016 ISSN 2277-8616 The Architecture Of Towers In Uzbekistan Heritage Yaxyayev Abdulla Abdujabbаrovich Abstract: In the town planning since the ancient periods, emphasizing to the vertical elements had the certain role. That’s why, the gates of the city, the buildings on the main square, were built with high and gigantic form. The zikkurat on the silhouettes of the city and other settlements and other structures like the tower form the balance of the composition. Today, in the architecture are given the great importance the creation of vertical compositions for leaving of the biodiversity. The purpose of this article consists of the appearance of the vertical compositions and researching development of laws in the town planning. Index Terms: the town planning, the historical town, tower, the call room, burj, vertical, mezana, muqarnas. ———————————————————— 1 INTRODUCTION The results of archive bibliographic researches indicate that In the heritage of architecture of Uzbekistan, formed structures the information related to the history of some towers exist in examples from ancient of tower, constructions like the tower the works of medieval scholars, these definitions given in its are exist, they have the special place the architecture system period allow to identify the first solutions of the building. For of the historical city and places of our country. Most of these example, the first historical information about preliminary types’ constructions in Uzbekistan associated with the Islamic device of Minaret Kalon in Bukhara were given in the work architectural monuments. In the Eastern architecture, various "History of Bukhara" of the medieval historian Abu Bakr architectural solution of the towers and many samples which Narshakhi (X century) [4], and they became the basis for the have functional quality.
    [Show full text]
  • Arxiv:2101.03073V1 [Physics.Soc-Ph] 8 Jan 2021 Physical Measurements Such As Weight Or Size of Objects Are Always Confined to Specific Scales
    Association between population distribution and urban GDP scaling Haroldo V. Ribeiro1,*, Milena Oehlers2, Ana I. Moreno-Monroy3, J¨urgenP. Kropp2,4, Diego Rybski2,5,y, 1 Departamento de F´ısica,Universidade Estadual de Maring´a{ Maring´a,PR 87020-900, Brazil 2 Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research { PIK, Member of Leibniz Association, P.O. Box 601203, 14412 Potsdam, Germany 3 OECD, 1 Rue Andr´ePascal, 75016, Paris, France; Department of Geography and Planning, University of Liverpool, Chatham St, Liverpool L69 7ZT, United Kingdom 4 Institute for Environmental Science and Geography, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany 5 Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley, 130 Mulford Hall #3114, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA * [email protected], y [email protected] Abstract Urban scaling and Zipf's law are two fundamental paradigms for the science of cities. These laws have mostly been investigated independently and are often perceived as disassociated matters. Here we present a large scale investigation about the connection between these two laws using population and GDP data from almost five thousand consistently-defined cities in 96 countries. We empirically demonstrate that both laws are tied to each other and derive an expression relating the urban scaling and Zipf exponents. This expression captures the average tendency of the empirical relation between both exponents, and simulations yield very similar results to the real data after accounting for random variations. We find that while the vast majority of countries exhibit increasing returns to scale of urban GDP, this effect is less pronounced in countries with fewer small cities and more metropolises (small Zipf exponent) than in countries with a more uneven number of small and large cities (large Zipf exponent).
    [Show full text]
  • 50022-002: Affordable Rural Housing Program
    Environmental Monitoring Report # Annual Safeguard Monitoring Report February 2019 UZB: Affordable Rural Housing Program Prepared by Rustam Saparov (Management and Monitoring Unit) for the Ministry of Economy and Industry (MOEI) and the Asian Development Bank. This Environment monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Annual Safeguard Monitoring Report ___________________________________________________________________________ For FI operations Project Number: 3535 January-December 2018 Uzbekistan: Affordable Rural Housing Program (Financed by Asian Development Bank) For: Ministry of Economy and Industry Endorsed by: Management and Monitoring Unit February, 2019 ABBREVIATIONS ADB - Asian Development Bank ARHP - Affordable Rural Housing Program CCRA - Climate change risk assessment DLI - Disbursement Linked Indicator EA - Executing Agency EA - Executive Agency EIA - Environmental impact assessment EMP - Environmental Management Plan ESMS - Environmental and Social Management System HQ - Head Quarter IA - Implementation Agency IB - Ipoteka Bank IEE - Initial Environmental Examination MMU - Management
    [Show full text]
  • The List of Affiliated Entities of JSCB “ASIA ALLIANCE BANK” As at December 27, 2019
    The list of Affiliated Entities of JSCB “ASIA ALLIANCE BANK” as at December 27, 2019 Location (place of residence) (postal The basis on which they Full Name of an individual or full name N address) of the affiliated entity (state, are recognized as of the legal entity province, city, district) affiliated entities Member 1 Ortiqov Akmaljon Juraxonovich Tashkent city, Republic of Uzbekistan of the Supervisory Board Member 2 Sultanov Akbar Anvarjonovich Tashkent city, Republic of Uzbekistan of the Supervisory Board Member 3 Khusanov Nodir Jumaevich Tashkent city, Republic of Uzbekistan of the Supervisory Board Member 4 Rustamov Bakhtiyor Ravshanovich Tashkent city, Republic of Uzbekistan of the Supervisory Board Member 5 Ashurov Zufar Abdulloevich Tashkent city, Republic of Uzbekistan of the Supervisory Board Chairman 6 Abdukakhorov Ikram Abdukhalikovich Tashkent city, Republic of Uzbekistan of the Management Board Member 7 Khakimov Umidjon Abdukhalikovich Tashkent city, Republic of Uzbekistan of the Management Board Member 8 Khajimuratov Sherzod Yuldashоvich Tashkent city, Republic of Uzbekistan of the Management Board Member 9 Shermatov Mansur Nigmatovich Tashkent city, Republic of Uzbekistan of the Management Board Member 10 Norkulov Obidjon Odilovich Tashkent city, Republic of Uzbekistan of the Management Board Member 11 Khodjaev Ravshanjon Rustamovich Tashkent region, Republic of Uzbekistan of the Management Board Member 12 Danielyan Gayane Feliksovna Tashkent city, Republic of Uzbekistan of the Management Board THE STATE ASSETS MANAGEMENT Shareholder owing 20% of 6, A.Temur street, Tashkent city, Republic 13 AGENCY OF THE REPUBLIC OF the registered share capital of Uzbekistan UZBEKISTAN of the Bank Tashkent, Subsidiary company of 14. SC LLC «Absolut Leasing» Chilanzar district, the Bank Chilanzar street, 53A A legal entity where duties of head of management 363b, Sagbon street, board is carried by the same LLC «INTERAKTIV PROGRESS 15.
    [Show full text]
  • Activities of Industrial Enterprises in Uzbekistan
    European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine ISSN 2515-8260 Volume 07, Issue 07, 2020 Activities Of Industrial Enterprises In Uzbekistan. Raximova Gulchexra Sobirjonovna, Doctor of Philosophy in History (PhD) Head of the Department of National Ideology, Fundamentals of Spirituality and Legal Education Kokand State Pedagogical Institute Email: [email protected] Annotation: The article highlights the negligence and irresponsibility of the industrial enterprises built in Uzbekistan in 1940-1980, which led to environmental problems. Lack of technical equipment in the chemical, petroleum, mining and construction industries built in the country, low allocation of funds for material and technical bases have led to a sharp increase in environmental damage at enterprises. Atmospheric air, soil, water and nearby populations suffered from industrial waste. Over the years, the environmental situation in Uzbekistan has worsened due to the fact that industrial enterprises are in need of repair. Since the former union was the sole owner of these industrial enterprises, local leaders could not solve even the simplest problems in industrial enterprises on their own. Activities in industrial enterprises were managed by the center. The appeals of the local population were not taken into account, and no measures were taken to prevent diseases and environmental tragedies among the population. As a result, the pollution of the Amudarya and Syrdarya rivers, the main water sources of Central Asian countries, has created economic and social problems. Historical and research sources provide information on the catastrophic impact of the waste from the chemical aluminum plant in Tajikistan on the environmental situation in the transboundary regions of Uzbekistan, including Surkhandarya.
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of Existing River Basins in Uzbekistan and the Selection of Pilot Basins
    Project: Sustainable Management of Water Resources in Rural Areas in Uzbekistan Component 1: National policy framework for water governance and integrated water resources management and supply part Overview of Existing River Basins in Uzbekistan and the Selection of Pilot Basins Project report i The authors: Oyture Anarbekov is the Senior Research Officer/Project Leader (Water Governance/Institutional Specialist) at the Central Asian Office of the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Norboy Gaipnazarov is a Water Resources Management Specialist. He was a Consultant at the Central Asia Office of IWMI, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, at the time this report was prepared. Isomiddin Akramov is a Consultant (Integrated Water Resources Management Specialist) at the Central Asian Office of IWMI in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Kakhramon Djumaboev is the Senior Research Officer/Water Resources Management Specialist at the Central Asian Office of the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Zafar Gafurov is the Research Officer/Remote Sensing and GIS Specialist at the Central Asian Office of the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Umida Solieva is a Consultant (Ecosystem Service Assessment Specialist) at the Central Asian Office of IWMI) in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Shovkat Khodjaev is a Consultant (Integrated Water Resources Management Specialist) at the Central Asian Office of IWMI in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Sarvarbek Eltazarov is a Consultant on GIS and Remote Sensing technologies at the Central Asian Office of the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Mukhtabar Tashmatova is a Consultant (Capacity Building and Organizational Aspects) at the Central Asian Office of IWMI) in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Anarbekov, O.; Gaipnazarov, N.; Akramov, I.; Djumaboev, K.; Gafurov, Z.; Solieva, U.; Khodjaev, S.; Eltazarov, S.; Tashmatova, M.
    [Show full text]
  • L'ouzbékistan Hors Des Sentiers Battus, De Khiva À Termez
    L’Ouzbékistan hors des sentiers battus, de Khiva à Termez Jours: 16 Prix: 1020 EUR Vol international non inclus Confort: Difficulté: Hors des sentiers battus Histoire Randonnée Culture Nous nous dirigeons vers la région sud pour découvrir les richesses cachées de l’Ouzbékistan. L’aventure commence à Khiva, Boukhara et Samarcande qui sont les plus belles étapes de la route de la soie. Le trajet se poursuit dans les régions du sud-est du territoire, de Kachkadaria à Sourkhandarya sur les rives mythiques Amou Daria ou près de la frontière tadjike. De nombreuses activités s’offrent à nous durant ce circuit inégalable de 15 jours : randonnée à couper le souffle, visite de marchés, diverses rencontres… Meilleures périodes : de mars à novembre. Jour 1. Paris - Tashkent Accomplissement des formalités d’enregistrement et d’embarquement. Départ du vol vers Tachkent Tachkent Jour 2. Tashkent Nous arrivons à Tachkent vers 14h10. Le guide nous accueille à l’aéroport puis nous mène à notre hôtel. Installation, dîner et nuit à l’hôtel. Déjeuner Restaurant local Hébergement Grand Tashkent Hotel Tachkent Jour 3. De Tashkent à Khiva 1/9 Nous découvrons la vieille ville, la place Khasti Imam, la médersa Barak-Khan, le mausolée de Kaffal Chochiy ainsi que la mosquée Tilla Chaykh qui permet de voir le coran d’Ousman écrit au VIIe siècle. C’est le plus vieux coran du monde. Nous rejoignons ensuite le marché Tchor Sou ou «les Quatre Chemins». À 6h, nous sommes transférés à l’aéroport pour prendre le vol vers Ourguentch. Nous arrivons à Ourguentch. Notre guide et notre chauffeur nous accueillent à l’aéroport.
    [Show full text]