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Catherine the Great and the Development of a Modern Russian Sovereignty, 1762-1796
Catherine the Great and the Development of a Modern Russian Sovereignty, 1762-1796 By Thomas Lucius Lowish A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Victoria Frede-Montemayor, Chair Professor Jonathan Sheehan Professor Kinch Hoekstra Spring 2021 Abstract Catherine the Great and the Development of a Modern Russian Sovereignty, 1762-1796 by Thomas Lucius Lowish Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Berkeley Professor Victoria Frede-Montemayor, Chair Historians of Russian monarchy have avoided the concept of sovereignty, choosing instead to describe how monarchs sought power, authority, or legitimacy. This dissertation, which centers on Catherine the Great, the empress of Russia between 1762 and 1796, takes on the concept of sovereignty as the exercise of supreme and untrammeled power, considered legitimate, and shows why sovereignty was itself the major desideratum. Sovereignty expressed parity with Western rulers, but it would allow Russian monarchs to bring order to their vast domain and to meaningfully govern the lives of their multitudinous subjects. This dissertation argues that Catherine the Great was a crucial figure in this process. Perceiving the confusion and disorder in how her predecessors exercised power, she recognized that sovereignty required both strong and consistent procedures as well as substantial collaboration with the broadest possible number of stakeholders. This was a modern conception of sovereignty, designed to regulate the swelling mechanisms of the Russian state. Catherine established her system through careful management of both her own activities and the institutions and servitors that she saw as integral to the system. -
Division of Mines and Mining
STATE OF WASHINGTON ARTHUR B. LANGLIE, GOVERNOR Department of Conservation and Development JOHN BROOKE FINK, Director THIRD BIENNIAL REPORT of the DIVISION OF MINES AND MINING For the Period Commencing January 1, 1939 and Ending January 1, 1941 By THOMAS B. HILL, SUPERVISOR J . w. MELROSE, GEOLOGIST OLYMPIA STATE PRI NTINC PLANT DIVISION OF MINES AND MINING Hon. John Brooke Fink, Director, Department of Conservation and Development, Olympia, Washington. Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith the third biennial report of the Division of Mines and Mining, covering the period from January l, 1939, to January 1, 1941. Respectfully, THOMAS B. HILL, Supervisor. DIVISION OF MINES AND MINING THOMAS B. HILL Supervisor SUMMARY OF MINERAL INFORMATION The present widespread interest in the mineral resources of Washington had its beginning in 1933 when the Director of the Department of Conserva tion and Devlopment devoted a substantial part of an allocation of $80,000 from Washington Emergency Relief Administration to mineral investigations. Two years later, the Division of Mines and Mining was created, and has continued the investigations, the work of compiling information and promoting the development of the mineral resources. Extensive information had been developed on the mineral resources of the State in the previous twenty-five years, largely through the Washington Geological Survey and the Division of Geology. This information had been published in some 50 or more bulletins and 1·eports, about half of which are now out of print. The information, while extensive, was scattered and in many instances fragmentary. The result of the work begun by the Department in 1933, and continued by this Division since 1935, is that now information is available on all the known mineral occurrences of the State. -
Shift in Global Tantalum Mine Production, 2000–2014
Shift in Global Tantalum Mine Production, 2000–2014 Tantalum has a unique set of tantalum from mine production is econom- (defined as sharing a border with the properties that make it useful in a ically viable in only a few countries. DRC) (U.S. Securities and Exchange number of diverse applications. The Although developed countries Commission, 2012; Chasan, 2015; ability of the metal to store and release dominated tantalum mine production U.S. Department of State, 2015). electrical energy makes it ideally suited in the early 2000s, production today The DRC, Rwanda, and surrounding for use in certain types of capacitors is dominated by countries in the Great countries are not globally significant that are widely used in modern elec- Lakes Region of Africa (figs. 1 and 2). sources of tin, tungsten, or gold, tronics. Approximately 60 percent of There is concern that the sales of accounting for only about 2 percent global tantalum consumption is in the minerals, including columbite-tantalite or of the mined world supply for each of electronics industry (Papp, 2015). The “coltan,” a mineral from which tantalum these elements. The region has, however, ductility and corrosion resistance of the is derived, have helped finance rebel evolved to become the world’s largest metal lends itself to application in the groups accused of violating human rights producer of mined tantalum. chemical processing industry, and its high as part of the continuing armed conflict A further complication of the melting point and high strength reten- in the Democratic Republic of the Congo production of tantalum stems from the tion at elevated temperatures make it an (DRC) and neighboring countries. -
New Enterprise Project
NI 43-101 Technical Report Assessing the Au, Cu, Porphyry Potential of the New Enterprise Project Maynard Mining District, Kingman, Arizona, United States of America FOR Pershing Resources Company Inc. 200 South Virginia Street, 8th Floor Reno, NV 89501 AUTHORS: Edward Walker, Ph.D., P.Geo. Jim Renaud, Ph.D., P.Geo. Natalie Pietrzak-Renaud, Ph.D., P.Geo. Effective Date : June 18, 2018 Signature Date: May 22, 2018 Table of Contents Item 1: Summary .......................................................................................................................... 7 Item 2: Introduction.................................................................................................................... 12 Item 3: Reliance on Other Experts .............................................................................................. 14 Item 4: Property Description and Location ................................................................................ 14 Item 5: Accessibility, Climate, Local Resources, Infrastructure, and Physiography ................... 27 Location and Access ............................................................................................................... 27 Climate and Vegetation .......................................................................................................... 27 Local Resources and Infrastructure ........................................................................................ 27 Physiography ......................................................................................................................... -
The Education of Alexander and Nicholas Pavlovich Romanov The
Agata Strzelczyk DOI: 10.14746/bhw.2017.36.8 Department of History Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań The education of Alexander and Nicholas Pavlovich Romanov Abstract This article concerns two very different ways and methods of upbringing of two Russian tsars – Alexander the First and Nicholas the First. Although they were brothers, one was born nearly twen- ty years before the second and that influenced their future. Alexander, born in 1777 was the first son of the successor to the throne and was raised from the beginning as the future ruler. The person who shaped his education the most was his grandmother, empress Catherine the Second. She appoint- ed the Swiss philosopher La Harpe as his teacher and wanted Alexander to become the enlightened monarch. Nicholas, on the other hand, was never meant to rule and was never prepared for it. He was born is 1796 as the ninth child and third son and by the will of his parents, Tsar Paul I and Tsarina Maria Fyodorovna he received education more suitable for a soldier than a tsar, but he eventually as- cended to the throne after Alexander died. One may ask how these differences influenced them and how they shaped their personalities as people and as rulers. Keywords: Romanov Children, Alexander I and Nicholas I, education, upbringing The education of Alexander and Nicholas Pavlovich Romanov Among the ten children of Tsar Paul I and Tsarina Maria Feodorovna, two sons – the oldest Alexander and Nicholas, the second youngest son – took the Russian throne. These two brothers and two rulers differed in many respects, from their characters, through poli- tics, views on Russia’s place in Europe, to circumstances surrounding their reign. -
Assessment of Acid and Metalliferous Drainage – Greenbushes Lithium
Appendix C – Assessment of Acid and Metalliferous Drainage – Greenbushes Lithium Mine Expansion – 2018 Mining Proposal (GHD 2018) and Talison Leaching Study – Stage 2 AMD Testing Results (GHD 2019) GHD | Report for Talison Lithium Australia Pty Ltd – Greenbushes Mine Expansion – Works Approval 1, 6136944 TALISON LITHIUM Talison Lithium Australia Pty Ltd Assessment of acid and metalliferous drainage Greenbushes Lithium Mine Expansion - 2018 Mining Proposal July 2018 WATER | ENERGY & RESOURCES | ENVIRONMENT | PROPERTY & BUILDINGS | TRANSPORTATION Executive summary GHD was engaged by Talison Lithium Australia Pty Ltd to undertake an Acid and Metalliferous Drainage assessment (AMD), to demonstrate the leaching potential of the future tailings and waste rock due to the proposed expansion of the mine - the Greenbushes Lithium Mine, located at Greenbushes Western Australia. The scope of works for this AMD study included the collation and geo-statistical analysis of Talison’s mineralogical assay data base - for the proposed waste rock and ore, and a review of the body of information relating to previous AMD assessments of the previously mined waste rock and existing tailings facilities. Given the continuity of mineralogy between the previously mined material and the proposed mined material (waste rock and ore), the findings of previous AMD assessments, relating to the existing waste rock and tailings facilities, are considered reliable indicators of the future AMD risk. This report is subject to, and must be read in conjunction with, the limitations set out in Section 1.3 and the assumptions and qualifications contained throughout the Report. Acidic drainage risk The risk that the tailings (derived from ore processing) will produce adverse quantities of acid is considered low, given the low sulphur content (average 0.04%). -
Estimation of Capital Costs for Establishing Coal Mines in South Africa
ESTIMATION OF CAPITAL COSTS FOR ESTABLISHING COAL MINES IN SOUTH AFRICA Moshe Mohutsiwa A research report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering Johannesburg, 2015 DECLARATION I declare that this research report is my own unaided work. It is being submitted to the degree of Master of Science to the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. (Signature of Candidate) day of year ii ABSTRACT Coal is one of the most abundant mineral resources in South Africa and it is predominantly used in electricity generation in the country. Of all the mineral resources in South Africa, development of coal resources attracted most of the financial investment between 2010 and 2013. Development of mining projects requires estimation of capital and operating costs in the early stages of the project’s life. Estimation of costs is an essential exercise that assists on deciding the future of mining projects. Despite all the investment in the South African coal mining sector, there is still little consistency in unit capital costs invested/required to develop coal mining projects. Lack of research within the area of coal mining projects’ costs is attributable to a lack of publicly available information. Research in this area will enable investors and operators in the coal mining sector to be able to assess financial viability early in the project life. This study reviewed coal mining projects across the world, looking at publicly available capital costs. The study further recognised similarities between the South African and Indian coal mining sectors thereby enabling the research to leverage data from the Indian coal mining sector to estimate capital costs in South Africa. -
Russia's Empress-Navigator
Russia’s Empress-Navigator: Transforming Modes of Monarchy During the Reign of Anna Ivanovna, 1730-1740 Jacob Bell University of Illinois 2019 Winner of the James Madison Award for Excellence in Historical Scholarship The eighteenth century was a markedly volatile period in the history of Russia, seeing its development and international emergence as a European-styled empire. In narratives of this time of change, historians tend to view the century in two parts: the reign of Peter I (r. 1682-1725), who purportedly spurred Russia into modernization, and Catherine II (r. 1762-96), the German princess-turned-empress who presided over the culmination of Russia’s transformation. Yet, dismissal of nearly forty years of Russia’s history does a severe disservice to the sovereigns and governments that formed the process of change. Recently, Catherine Evtuhov turned her attention to investigating Russia under the rule of Elizabeth Petrovna (r. 1741-62), bolstering the conversation with a greater perspective of one of these “forgotten reigns,” but Elizabeth owed much to her post-Petrine predecessors. Specifically, Empress Anna Ivanovna (r. 1730-40) remains one of the most overlooked and underappreciated sovereigns of the interim between the “Greats.”1 Anna Ivanovna was born on February 7, 1693, the daughter of Praskovia Saltykova and Ivan V Alekseyvich (r. 1682-96), the son of Tsar Aleksey Mikhailovich (r. 1645-1676). When Anna was 1 Anna’s patronymic is also transliterated as Anna Ioannovna. I elected to use “Ivanovna” to closer resemble modern Russian. Lindsey Hughes, Russia in the Age of Peter the Great (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998); Catherine Evtuhov’s upcoming book is Russia in the Age of Elizabeth (1741-61). -
15/35/54 Liberal Arts and Sciences Russian & East European Center
15/35/54 Liberal Arts and Sciences Russian & East European Center Paul B. Anderson Papers, 1909-1988 Papers of Paul B. Anderson (1894-1985), including correspondence, maps, notes, reports, photographs, publications and speeches about the YMCA World Service (1919-58), International Committee (1949-78), Russian Service (1917-81), Paris Headquarters (1922-67) and Press (1919-80); American Council of Voluntary Agencies (1941-47); Anglican-Orthodox Documents & Joint Doctrinal Commission (1927-77); China (1913-80); East European Fund & Chekhov Publishing House (1951-79); displaced persons (1940-52); ecumenical movement (1925-82); National Council of Churches (1949-75); prisoners of war (1941-46); Religion in Communist Dominated Areas (1931-81); religion in Russia (1917-82); Russian Correspondence School (1922-41); Russian emigrés (1922-82); Russian Orthodox Church (1916-81) and seminaries (1925-79); Russian Student Christian Movement (1920-77); Tolstoy Foundation (1941-76) and War Prisoners Aid (1916-21). For an autobiographical account, see Donald E. Davis, ed., No East or West: The Memoirs of Paul B. Anderson (Paris: YMCA-Press, 1985). For Paul Anderson's "Reflections on Religion in Russia, 1917-1967" and a bibliography, see Richard H. Marshall Jr., Thomas E. Bird and Andrew Q. Blane, Eds., Aspects of Religion in the Soviet Union 1917-1967 (Chicago: University of Chicago, 1971). Provenance Note: The Paul B. Anderson Papers first arrived at the University Archives on May 16, 1983. They were opened on September 11, 1984 and a finding aid completed on December 15, 1984. The cost of shipping the papers and the reproduction of the finding aid was borne by the Russian and East European Center. -
№ Wca № Castles Prefix Name of Castle Oe-00001 Oe-30001
№ WCA № CASTLES PREFIX NAME OF CASTLE LOCATION INFORMATION OE-00001 OE-30001 OE3 BURGRUINE AGGSTEIN SCHONBUHEL-AGGSBACH, AGGSTEIN 48° 18' 52" N 15° 25' 18" O OE-00002 OE-20002 OE2 BURGRUINE WEYER BRAMBERG AM WILDKOGEL 47° 15' 38,8" N 12° 19' 4,7" O OE-00003 OE-40003 OE4 BURG BERNSTEIN BERNSTEIN, SCHLOSSWEG 1 47° 24' 23,5" N 16° 15' 7,1" O OE-00004 OE-40004 OE4 BURG FORCHTENSTEIN FORCHTENSTEIN, MELINDA-ESTERHAZY-PLATZ 1 47° 42' 34" N 16° 19' 51" O OE-00005 OE-40005 OE4 BURG GUSSING GUSSING, BATTHYANY-STRASSE 10 47° 3' 24,5" N 16° 19' 22,5" O OE-00006 OE-40006 OE4 BURGRUINE LANDSEE MARKT SANKT MARTIN, LANDSEE 47° 33' 50" N 16° 20' 54" O OE-00007 OE-40007 OE4 BURG LOCKENHAUS LOCKENHAUS, GUNSERSTRASSE 5 47° 24' 14,5" N 16° 25' 28,5" O OE-00008 OE-40008 OE4 BURG SCHLAINING STADTSCHLAINING 47° 19' 20" N 16° 16' 49" O OE-00009 OE-80009 OE8 BURGRUINE AICHELBURG ST. STEFAN IM GAILTAL, NIESELACH 46° 36' 38,6" N 13° 30' 45,6" O OE-00010 OE-80010 OE8 KLOSTERRUINE ARNOLDSTEIN ARNOLDSTEIN, KLOSTERWEG 3 46° 32' 55" N 13° 42' 34" O OE-00011 OE-80011 OE8 BURG DIETRICHSTEIN FELDKIRCHEN, DIETRICHSTEIN 46° 43' 34" N 14° 7' 45" O OE-00012 OE-80012 OE8 BURG FALKENSTEIN OBERVELLACH-PFAFFENBERG 46° 55' 20,4" N 13° 14' 24,6" E OE-00014 OE-80014 OE8 BURGRUINE FEDERAUN VILLACH, OBERFEDERAUN 46° 34' 12,6" N 13° 48' 34,5" E OE-00015 OE-80015 OE8 BURGRUINE FELDSBERG LURNFELD, ZUR FELDSBERG 46° 50' 28" N 13° 23' 42" E OE-00016 OE-80016 OE8 BURG FINKENSTEIN FINKENSTEIN, ALTFINKENSTEIN 13 46° 37' 47,7" N 13° 54' 11,1" E OE-00017 OE-80017 OE8 BURGRUINE FLASCHBERG OBERDRAUBURG, -
Dialogue of Cultures and Partnership of Civilizations
RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF EDUCATION ST. PETERSBURG INTELLIGENTSIA CONGRESS ST. PETERSBURG UNIVERSITY OF THE HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES under the support of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia DIALOGUE OF CULTURES AND PARTNERSHIP OF CIVILIZATIONS May 15–20, 2014 The Conference is held in accordance with The conference, originally called ‘The Days of Sci - the Decree of President of Russia V. V. Putin en ce in St. Petersburg University of the Humanities ‘On perpetuating the memory and Social Sciences’ is the 22nd in number of Dmitry Sergeyevich Likhachov’ and the 14th in the status of the International No 587, dated from May 23, 2001 Likhachov Scientific Conference To implement the project ‘The 14th International Likhachov Scientific Conference’ state funds are used. The funds are allocated as a grant in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 29, 2013 No 115–rp and the tender held by the Association “Znaniye” of Russia St. Petersburg 2014 ББК 72 Д44 Scientifi c editor A. S. Zapesotsky, Chairman of the Organizing Committee of the International Likhachov Scientifi c Conference, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dr. Sc. (Cultural Studies), Professor, Scientist Emeritus of the Russian Federation, Artist Emeritus of the Russian Federation Recommended to be published by the Editorial and Publishing Council of St. Petersburg University of the Humanities and Social Sciences Dialogue of Cultures and Partnership of Civilizations: the 14th Inter national Д44 Likha chov Scientifi c Conference, May 15–20, 2014. St. Peters burg : SPbUHSS, 2014. — 174 p., il. ISBN 978-5-7621-0792-1 In the collection there were materials of the 14th Likhachov’s International Scientifi c Readings published, it was held on May 15–20, 2014 in SPbUHSS in accordance with the Decree of the Presi- dent of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin “On perpetuating the memory of Dmitry Sergeyevich Likhachov”. -
Deforestation Trends in the Congo Basin Reconciling Economic Growth and Forest Protection Public Disclosure Authorized
Deforestation Trends in the Congo Basin Reconciling Economic Growth and Forest Protection Public Disclosure Authorized WORKING PAPer 4 | Mining Kirsten Hund Carole Megevand with Edilene Pereira Gomes Public Disclosure Authorized Marta Miranda Erik W. Reed Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized APRIL 2013 Deforestation Trends in the Congo Basin Reconciling Economic Growth and Forest Protection WORKING PAPer 4 | Mining Kirsten Hund Carole Megevand with Edilene Pereira Gomes Marta Miranda Erik Reed APRIL 2013 Working Paper 4: Mining iii CONTENTS ACRONYMS ....................................................................................................................................................vii AcknoWLedgments .................................................................................................................................ix IntrodUctIon .............................................................................................................................................xi Chapter 1. MIneraL WeaLth IN the Congo BasIN: LargeLY Untapped.........................1 Geology and Associated Mineral Resources ................................................................................................1 Mining Sector in the Congo Basin ....................................................................................................................3 Types of Mining Operations ........................................................................................................................4