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Gold-Bearing Polymetallic Veins and Replacement Deposits Part I

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Gold-Bearing Polymetallic Veins and Replacement Deposits Part I Gold-bearing Polymetallic Veins and Replacement Deposits Part I U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1857-C AVAILABILITY OF BOOKS AND MAPS OF THE U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Instructions on ordering publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, along with prices of the last offerings, are given in the cur­ rent-year issues of the monthly catalog "New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey." Prices of available U.S. Geological Sur­ vey publications released prior to the current year are listed in the most recent annual "Price and Availability List." Publications that are listed in various U.S. Geological Survey catalogs (see back inside cover) but not listed in the most recent annual "Price and Availability List" are no longer available. Prices of reports released to the open files are given in the listing "U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Reports," updated month­ ly, which is for sale in microfiche from the U.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports Section, Federal Center, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225. Reports released through the NTIS may be obtained by writing to the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA 22161; please include NTIS report number with inquiry. Order U.S. Geological Survey publications by mail or over the counter from the offices given below. BY MAIL OVER THE COUNTER Books Books Professional Papers, Bulletins, Water-Supply Papers, Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Circulars, publications of general in­ Books of the U.S. Geological Survey are available over the terest (such as leaflets, pamphlets, booklets), single copies of Earthquakes counter at the following Geological Survey Public Inquiries Offices, all & Volcanoes, Preliminary Determination of Epicenters, and some mis­ of which are authorized agents of the Superintendent of Documents: cellaneous reports, including some of the foregoing series that have gone out of print at the Superintendent of Documents, are obtainable by mail from WASHINGTON, D.C.-Main Interior Bldg., 2600 corridor, 18th and CSts.,NW. U.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports DENVER, Colorado-Federal Bldg., Rm. 169,1961 Stout St. Federal Center, Box 25425 LOS ANGELES, California-Federal Eldg., Rm. 7638,300 N. Denver, CO 80225 Los Angeles St. MENLO PARK, California-Bldg. 3 (Stop 533), Rm. 3128. Subscriptions to periodicals (Earthquakes & Volcanoes and 345 Middlefield Rd. Preliminary Determination of Epicenters) can be obtained ONLY from RESTON, Virginia-503 National Center, Rm. 1C402,12201 the Sunrise Valley Dr. SALT LAKE CITY, Utah-Federal Bldg., Rm. 8105,125 Superintendent of Documents South State St. Government Printing Office SAN FRANCISCO, California-Customhouse, Rm. 504.555 Washington, D.C. 20402 Battery St. SPOKANE, Washington»U.S. Courthouse, Rm. 678, West (Check or money order must be payable to Superintendent of Docu­ 920 Riverside Ave.. ments.) ANCHORAGE, Alaska-Rm. 101,4230 University Dr. ANCHORAGE, Alaska-Federal Bldg, Rm. E-146, 701 C St. Maps For maps, address mail orders to U.S. Geological Survey, Map Distribution Maps Federal Center, Box 25286 Maps may be purchased over the counter at the U.S. Geologi­ Denver, CO 80225 cal Survey offices where books are sold (all addresses in above list) and at the following Geological Survey offices: Residents of Alaska may order maps from ROLLA, Missouri-1400 Independence Rd. Alaska Distribution Section, U.S. Geological Survey, DENVER, Colorado-Map Distribution, Bldg. 810, Federal New Federal Building - Box 12 Center 101 Twelfth Ave., Fairbanks, AK 99701 FAIRBANKS, Alaska-New Federal Bldg., 101 Twelfth Ave. Chapter C Gold-bearing Polymetallic Veins and Replacement Deposits Part I Bald Mountain Gold Mining Region, Northern Black Hills, South Dakota By JAMES J. NORTON Gold Deposits in the Park City Mining District, Utah By CALVIN S. B ROM FIELD Gold in the Eureka Mining District, Nevada By DANIEL R. SHAWE and THOMAS B. NOLAN Gold in the Central City Mining District, Colorado By ALAN R. WALLACE U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1857 GEOLOGY AND RESOURCES OF GOLD IN THE UNITED STATES DANIEL R. SHAWE and ROGER P. ASHLEY, Scientific Editors LM.H. CARTER, Technical Editor DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MANUEL LUJAN, JR., Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L Peck, Director Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1989 For sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section U.S. Geological Survey Federal Center Box 25425 Denver, CO 80225 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gold-bearing polymetallic veins and replacement deposits. p. cm. (Geology and resources of gold in the United States ; ch. C) (U.S. Geological Survey bulletin ; 1857-C) Includes bibliographies. Contents: pt. 1. Bald Mountain gold mining region, northern Black Hills, South Dakota / by James J. Norton. Gold deposits in the Park City mining district, Utah / by Calvin S. Bromfield. Gold in the Eureka mining district, Nevada / by Daniel R. Shawe and Thomas B. Nolan. Gold in the Central City mining district, Colorado / by Alan R. Wallace. I. Gold ores West (U.S.) I. Norton, James Jennings, 1918- II. Series. III. Series: U.S. Geological Survey bulletin ; 1857-C. QE75.B9 no. 1857-C [TN423.6] 622 s-dc 19 [553.4' 1 '0978] 89-600050 CIP CONTENTS Bald Mountain gold mining region, northern Black Hills, South Dakota Abstract Cl Introduction Cl History C2 Production C2 Regional geology C4 Ore deposits C6 Origin C7 Implications for exploration C9 Final comment Cll References cited Cll Appendix Discussion of table Cl C12 Gold deposits in the Park City mining district, Utah Abstract C14 Introduction C14 History of mining C14 Geologic setting CIS Sedimentary rocks C17 Igneous rocks C17 Structure C19 Alteration C19 Ore deposits C20 Age of deposits C20 General character C21 Mineralogy C21 Replacement deposits C21 Fissure veins C23 Mayflower mine C23 Mineral zoning C25 Isotope and fluid-inclusion data C25 Conclusions C25 References cited C26 Gold in the Eureka mining district, Nevada Abstract C27 Introduction C27 Contents III History and production C27 Geology C29 Rock formations C29 Structure C29 Alteration C31 Ore deposits C31 Summary and conclusions C36 References cited C37 Gold in the Central City mining district, Colorado Abstract C38 Introduction C38 Geologic setting C40 Proterozoic host rocks C40 Laramide intrusive rocks C40 Structure C40 Mineral deposits C41 Alteration C41 Veins C42 Age of mineralization C43 Fluid chemistry C44 Stable isotopes C44 Fluid inclusions C45 Ore deposition C45 Summary C46 References cited C46 FIGURES Cl. Generalized geologic map of a part of the northern Black Hills, South Dakota C3 C2. Map showing regional setting of the Park City mining district and Wasatch intrusive belt, Utah CIS C3. Generalized geologic map of the Park City area C16 C4. Map showing altered rock distribution in the Mayflower mine area, Utah C20 C5. Map showing principal ore bodies, Park City district C22 C6. Longitudinal section, Middle vein slopes, Judge and Daly West mines C23 C7. Generalized geologic map, Mayflower mine, 800 level (244 m), Utah C24 C8. Map showing location of the Eureka mining district, Nevada C28 C9. Generalized geologic map and section of the Eureka district, Nevada C30 CIO. Bedrock geology of Ruby and Adams Hills, Eureka district, Nevada C33 Cll. Geologic cross section N. 45° E. through Ruby Hill, Nevada C34 IV Contents C12-C14. Maps showing: C12. Location of the Central City mining district, Colorado C38 C13. Locations of the Central City and surrounding mining districts, Front Range, Colorado, relative to regional hydrothermal mineral zonation C39 C14. Distribution of Laramide stocks, major faults, and mineral zones in Central City and adjacent districts C41 TABLES Cl. Estimated production of gold and silver in the Bald Mountain mining region from its discovery in 1877 to the end of underground mining in 1959 C4 C2. Production of principal mines, Park City district, 1875 through 1982 C17 C3. Stratigraphic column, Park City mining district CIS C4. Geologic formations present in the Eureka mining district C32 C5. Summary of isotopic ages for intrusive rocks and hydrothermal minerals in the Central City area C44 Contents GEOLOGY AND RESOURCES OF GOLD IN THE UNITED STATES Gold-bearing Polymetallic Veins and Replacement Deposits Part I Bald Mountain Gold Mining Region, Northern Black Hills, South Dakota By James J. Norton Abstract source is likely to have been Precambrian deposits of the Homestake type. Hydrothermal fluid acquired these constit­ The Bald Mountain gold mining region, near the Home- uents while moving generally upward through the Pre­ stake mine in the northern Black Hills, South Dakota, is cambrian siliceous rocks, and precipitated them upon important in its own right, for it yielded about 2,100,000 troy encountering Cambrian carbonate rocks. The numerous ounces of gold between 1891 and 1959. The ore occurs as Tertiary intrusions must have generated other hydrothermal Tertiary replacement deposits in the Upper Cambrian and systems at different times and different places, but these Lower Ordovician Deadwood Formation, quite unlike the would have been barren unless they passed through a Homestake deposits, which are Precambrian and formed in source of ore constituents. The system forming the Bald carbonate facies of banded iron-formation. The Precambrian Mountain ores probably was of moderate size and may have rocks are exposed in a small area surrounded by Cambrian been supplied by a nearby Precambrian source. and younger Paleozoic rocks. This part of the Black Hills also Exploration is likely to find additional ore in the vicinity contains many Tertiary intrusions, mostly rhyolitic to monzo- of the old mines, and investigations by modern techniques nitic. might also lead to the discovery of other groups of deposits The Bald Mountain ore deposits are subhorizontal of the same kind elsewhere. An even more interesting shoots that replaced dolomitized beds outward from vertical possibility is that a deposit of the Homestake type may be fractures.
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