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TO TELL THE TRUTH Dione Neutra Interviewed by Lawrence Weschler Completed under the auspices of the Oral History Program University of California Los Angeles Copyright (c) 19 83 The Regents of the UniVersity of California This manuscript is hereby made available for research purposes only. All literary rights in the manuscript, including the right to publication, are reserved to the University Library of the University of California at Los Angeles. No part of the manuscript may be quoted for publication without the written permission of the University Librarian of the University of California, Los Angeles. —————— — CONTENTS Introduction x Interview History xii TAPE NUMBER: I, Side One (April 10, 19 78) 1 Neidermann family history — Childhood in Zurich Musical talent—Christmas celebrations — Siblings Jews in Zurich — Cultural life in Zurich — Literary figures living in Zurich during World War I — Education at home—Cello lessons with Fritz Reitz—Richard J. Neutra's family—Neutra's early humanistic and aesthetic sensibilities —Architect Otto Wagner Friendship with Hans and Ernst Freud—Possible origins of Neutra's later periods of despondency — Service in German army in Yugoslavia—Neutra contracts malaria Returning after discharge to a guest home in Stafa, outside of Zurich —Apprenticeship in Otto Froebel's nursery — Chief landscape architect, Gustav Ammann-- Meeting Regula Niedermann. TAPE NUMBER: I, Side Two (April 10, 1978) 37 Neutra invited to Niedermann home —Meeting Neutra-- Pleading exhaustion to mother in order to stay at Stafa guest home —Neutra and Lily Niedermann—Alfred Niedermann—The matter of Richard's being Jewish Walks in the woods — Separated: Dione sent to Vienna to forget Neutra—Adolph Scheu and family— Constant correspondence between Dione and Neutra—Neutra given permission to visit Dione — Surprise meeting in Schonbrunn park —Visiting Duschnitz family—Erich Korngold concert— Postwar conditions in Vienna Neutra's father's death — Courtship. TAPE NUMBER: II, Side One (July 10, 1978) 59 Neutra employed as landscape architect for city of Luckenwalde —Designing forest cemetery — Chief architect with Erich Mendelsohn in Berlin—Dione comes to Berlin to study cello with Hugo Becker Mendelsohn and Neutra's working relationship Mosse house catastrophe —Marriage at Niedermann home — Return to Berlin— Improvising a kitchen for Dione —Runaway inflation and speculation — Dione 's pregnancy — Haifa project —Neutra takes study trip IV — — ————— — to United States while Dione waits for child's birth—Neutra's eagerness to meet Frank Lloyd Wright and Adolph Loos —Neutra in New York, 1923 Frank Lucian Neutra born with undiagnosed brain damage —Dione joins husband leaving Frank with her mother—Ellis Island—Neutra works at Holabird and Roche in Chicago--Louis H. Sullivan. TAPE NUMBER: II, Side Two (July 10, 19 78) 89 Scandals and tragedies at Taliesin—Neutra meets Wright, works on staff at Taliesin— Impressions of Wright —Dione 's day-to-day life at Taliesin Mrs. Niedermann brings Frank to join parents The Neutras leave for California. [Second Part] (July 14, 1978) 104 Early work on Neutra's book Wie Baut Amerika ? Drawings for first skyscraper with helicopter terminal on the roof —Living in apartment in R. M. Schindler's house — Impressions of Schindler house—Differences with Mrs. Schindler— Inconve- niences posed by Schindler house — Parties Schindler's personality—Neutra's efforts to establish himself —Obtains architecture license, 1926 —Theoretical conflicts between Schindler and Neutra—Collaboration on design submitted to League of Nations competition. TAPE NUMBER: III, Side One (July 14, 1978) 117 League of Nations competition VJie Baut Amerika ? published—Neutra works with various firms to master all aspects of architecture and construction Los Angeles in the twenties —Friends in Los Angeles: Willard D, and Barbara Morgan, Conrad and Mary Buff, J. R, and Greta Davidson —Avoiding the movie and ^migr^ communities in order to meet more "Americans" — Irving Gill—Dion Neutra born, 1926 —Frank placed in foster home— Lovell house —Jardinette Apartments Neutra teaches at the Academy of Modern Art, students Gregory Ain and Harwell Hamilton Harris — "Rush City Reformed" —Galka Scheyer—Neutra as foreign correspon- dent for Austrian and German modernist movement magazines —Local news coverage of Lovell house Lack of work —Neutra as American delegate to Congres International d' Architecture Moderne —Dione takes children to join Neutra in Europe — Seeking psychiatric help for Frank. — —————— TAPE NUMBER: III, Side Two (July 18, 1978) 151 Neutra's depressions —Neutra and W. D. Morgan work on book about Health House--Schindler-Neutra association breaks up— Dione and sons travel to London via Panama Canal — European lecture tour Meeting with C. H. Van Der Leeuw—Visit to Mendelsohn—The Bauhaus and Walter Gropius —Van Der Leeuw— Le Corbusier—Lectures —Political atmosphere in Germany— Decision to return to United States —Frank observed by Sigmund and Anna Freud Neutra's designs for prefabricated buses. TAPE NUMBER: IV, Side Two (July 21, 1978) 181 Extensive yearly letters shared with many friends, the "Yearly Club" — Chicago World's Fair —Upton Sinclair—Activities in Neutra's office— Conflict with Gregory Ain— Joseph von Sternberg house (later, Ayn Rand house) —Neutra wins Better Homes of Ttoerica gold medal—The pressure of work (all small projects) —General Electric competition Difficult times: Neutra has emergency appendectomy, his tonsils removed, and a broken arm—A call from the John Nicholas Browns of Rhode Island Modernist upsurge in Calif ornia--Charles and Mary Beard —Emerson Junior High School project— Greta [Margarete] Clark's influence on school board, TAPE NUMBER: V, Side One (July 21, 1978) 210 No time, no money, too much work — Lyonel Feininger —Albert Einstein — Severance Club: Beard, Ben Lindsey, Theodore Dreiser, Sinclair, Paul Jordan- Smith, John Anson Ford, Will and Ariel Durant Landfair Apartments--Neutra' s depressions deepen John Nicholas Brown house— Strathmore Apartments Neutra takes a vacation in Mexico: Diego Rivera, James F. 0' Gorman—Problems with the Brown and Albert Lewin houses, TAPE NUMBER: V, Side Two (August 3, 1978) 224 Neutra's continuing feelings of unhappiness and pressure — Inability to get adequate office help Pleasures in giving lectures —Mrs. Niedermann warns against Max Reinhardt—Dione sings in Otto Klemperer's chorus —Reception at Vicki Baum's: Neutra corners Thomas Mann—Arnold Schoenberg and Ernst Toch —Thoughts on modernist music—Types of Emigres —The clavilux—Antifascist movements VI — —— —— and political awareness —Update on the children-- Dion's early training as architect—Lewin house a disagreeable experience—More on the Brown house Projects and prizes —Niedermanns move to Los Angeles — Developing rapport with clients during client-architect meetings. TAPE NUMBER: VI, Side One (August 3, 1978) 256 Client-architect relationships —More large-scale and low-income projects: U. S. Housing Authority, National Youth Administration—Neutra appointed to State Planning Board and California Board of Architectural Examiners —-Reception of modernist architecture in San Francisco— Colonel Westbrook Small-scale versus large-scale projects--John Nesbitt house — Impediments to pref abrication—Neutra as guest professor, Bennington College--Peter Drucker Commissions in Puerto Rico— State Department lecture tour of South America. TAPE NUMBER: VI, Side Two (August 9, 19 78) 288 Neutra 's inventions--Edgar J. Kaufmann house Warren Tremaine house--Younger Los Angeles architects: Eero Saarinen, Ray and Charles Eames, John Entenza— Case Study House program— Robert Ardrey evaluates Neutra 's influence —Neutra awarded honorary degree by University of Graz —The Neutras' enjoyment of his lecture tours —European trip Acclaim in Europe versus frustrations in America John Blanton Time magazine cover story —Neutra suffers heart attack and is forced to delegate authority. TAPE NUMBER: VII, Side One (August 9, 1978) 320 Neutra
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